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    Phase Rule: 3 Component Systems

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    Darshan Chudasama
    The document discusses phase diagrams for 3-component liquid systems. There are three possibilities for miscibility: complete miscibility, complete immiscibility, or partial miscibility. For partially miscible systems, binodal curves on a phase diagram represent the boundary between single- and two-phase regions. The position and shape of binodal curves depends on temperature and the amounts of each component. At critical or "plait" points on the curves, the two phases merge into a single homogeneous phase. According to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is related to the number of coexisting phases.

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    Phase Rule: 3 Component Systems

    Uploaded by

    Darshan Chudasama
    936 views5 pages
    The document discusses phase diagrams for 3-component liquid systems. There are three possibilities for miscibility: complete miscibility, complete immiscibility, or partial miscibility. For partially miscible systems, binodal curves on a phase diagram represent the boundary between single- and two-phase regions. The position and shape of binodal curves depends on temperature and the amounts of each component. At critical or "plait" points on the curves, the two phases merge into a single homogeneous phase. According to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is related to the number of coexisting phases.

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    phase rules for bsc sem 5

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    PDF_Phase Rule_2

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    The document discusses phase diagrams for 3-component liquid systems. There are three possibilities for miscibility: complete miscibility, complete immiscibility, or partial miscibility. For partially miscible systems, binodal curves on a phase diagram represent the boundary between single- and two-phase regions. The position and shape of binodal curves depends on temperature and the amounts of each component. At critical or "plait" points on the curves, the two phases merge into a single homogeneous phase. According to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is related to the number of coexisting phases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    936 views5 pages

    Phase Rule: 3 Component Systems

    Uploaded by

    Darshan Chudasama
    The document discusses phase diagrams for 3-component liquid systems. There are three possibilities for miscibility: complete miscibility, complete immiscibility, or partial miscibility. For partially miscible systems, binodal curves on a phase diagram represent the boundary between single- and two-phase regions. The position and shape of binodal curves depends on temperature and the amounts of each component. At critical or "plait" points on the curves, the two phases merge into a single homogeneous phase. According to the phase rule, the degrees of freedom is related to the number of coexisting phases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Phase Rule: 3 Component Systems

    For three component liquid systems, there are three possibilities:

    1) Liquids are completely miscible with each other


    2) Liquids are completely immiscible with each other
    3) Liquids are partially miscible with each other

    For liquids which are partially miscible with each other, three types of systems are
    possible:

    One pair of partially miscible liquids:

    At given temp. and pressure, consider a pair of liquids B and C which are partially
    miscible.

    If both B and C are mixed, some of C will dissolve in B and vice versa. Composition
    of two layers is shown by ‘a’ and ‘b’.

    If we add small amount of A, it will distribute between two layers. A will increase
    the miscibility of B and C.

    The increase in miscibility depends on amount of A added and amount of B, C.

    When A is added, composition of two ternary solutions is given by points ‘a1’ and
    ‘b1’.
    The line joining ‘a1’ and ‘b1’ is called tie line.

    Again when more A is added, composition of two ternary solutions is given by


    points ‘a2’ and ‘b2’ and so on.

    When more A is added, composition of two ternary solutions starts becoming


    more similar. Tie line becomes shorter.

    When sufficient A is added, two points of tie line merge into one point ‘D’. It is
    known as ‘critical or plait point’.

    At this point, two layers form a single homogeneous phase.

    Curve aDb is called ‘Binodal curve’.

    Acc. to phase rule for 3 component system: F=5-P. For constant temp. & pressure,
    F=3-P. Outside the curve aDb, P=1 so F=3-1=2.

    Examples : (1) Acetic acid, chloroform and water,

    (2) Acetone, water and phenol

    Two pairs of partially miscible liquids:

    At given temp. and pressure, consider pairs of liquids A, B and A, C which are
    partially miscible. Here, pair B,C is completely miscible.

    If both A and B are mixed, some of A will dissolve in B and vice versa. Composition
    of two layers is shown by ‘a’ and ‘b’.

    If we add small amount of C, it will distribute between two layers. C will increase
    the miscibility of A and B.

    By adding more amount of C, curve aDb is obtained for composition of pair A, B


    containing C.

    Similarly, curve cFd is obtained for composition of pair A, C containing B.


    Plait points are at D and F.

    Outside binodal curves aDb and cFd, two layers form a single homogeneous
    phase.

    Acc. to phase rule for 3 component system: F=5-P. For constant temp. & pressure,
    F=3-P. Outside the curve aDb and cFd, P=1 so F=3-1=2.

    The binodal curve changes its position with temperature. If we lower


    temperature, curve ‘abcd’ shown in below fig. is obtained.

    Examples : (1) Water-phenol-aniline,

    (2) Water-ethyl acetate- n-butanol


    Three pairs of partially miscible liquids:

    At given temp. and pressure, consider pairs of liquids A, B and B,C and A, C which
    are partially miscible.

    If both A and B are mixed, some of A will dissolve in B and vice versa. Composition
    of two layers is shown by ‘a’ and ‘b’.

    If we add small amount of C, it will distribute between two layers. C will increase
    the miscibility of A and B.

    By adding more amount of C, curve aDb is obtained for composition of pair A, B


    containing C.

    Similarly, curve cFd is obtained for composition of pair A, C containing B.

    Similarly, curve eEf is obtained for composition of pair B, C containing A.

    Plait points are at D, F and E.

    Outside binodal curves aDb, cFd and eEf, a single homogeneous phase is
    obtained.

    If we lower temperature, phase diagram shown in below fig. is obtained.


    Here, for any point in the area shown by ‘2’, two liquid layers are present.

    So, F=5-P, F=5-2 =3.

    Here, for any point in the area shown by ‘1’, single liquid layer is present.

    So, F=5-P, F=5-1 =4.

    Here, for any point in the area shown by ‘3’, three liquid layers are present.

    So, F=5-P, F=5-3 =2.

    Example: Succinic nitrile-water-ether

    Q.: Define: Quintuple point.

    Number of phases can be maximum when value of ‘F’ is minimum.

    F= C-P+2

    0= 3-P+2

    P=5.

    For a three component non-variant system, five phases are in equilibrium state.
    This point is known as “Quintuple” point.

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