Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

Written report
Course: PEM 4 - Principles of Motor Control and Learning of Exercise, Sport,
and Dance
Sem/AY: First Semester/2021-2022

Lesson Title: Motor Control in Sports

Description of the Lesson:

This lesson will discuss the information about the Motor control in sport for better
understanding how a person will interact in sports. In addition, the topic will serve as the guide
for many students and individuals for better Motor Control in Sports, and to others.

Learning Outcomes
Intended Learning Outcomes:

 Understand the importance of Motor control in sports

 Define the motor control in sports
 Explain the importance on athlete in motor control in specific sports
Targets/ Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 Discuss Motor Control in Sports,

 Demonstrate Of Motor Control in Sports

Student Learning Strategies

Motor Control in Sport

Motor control, in reference to movements of an organism or motions of a robot, is often conceived of as a
computational problem. How is something or someone able to move to achieve various environmental goals? 

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

For human movement, in particular, the question of how individuals are able to organize the motor system at
multiple levels (e.g., joints, muscles, neurons) defines the study of motor control.

In this way, motor control is a solution that is arrived at by the individual, which satisfies numerous and sometimes
competing goals (e.g., to remain balanced, to reach a hot cup without getting burned, to avoid obstacles,
to move quickly and accurately, to minimize energy expenditure, to avoid injury or uncomfortable positioning). 

The problem of control is typically conceived at multiple levels and is often distinguished with respect

to the voluntary or intentional nature of control versus a more automatic or reflexive level. In the former case,
movements are goal-directed and at least part of an unfolding movement designed to
reach the goal is under voluntary control of the actor. In the latter case, movements are not under
intentional control and take place without perceived control or conscious attention. 

This issue concerning what is controlled, prepared, or programmed in advance of a movement and what is controlled

as a movement unfolds dominates much of the discussion in the motor control literature.

For seemingly very simple movements like balance and walking, to more complex movements that are
considered to define many sporting accomplishments, the problem of motor control is enigmatic.

Psychology >

Sports Psychology > 

Motor Development >

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

 Motor Control in Sport

 It is a top-down process of the nervous system that occurs before the actual movement is
performed (planning –> programming –> execution), that appropriately adjusts for force, tone
and timing.

 During the intended movement goal, the nervous system continues to assess its performance and
adjusts force, timing and tone accordingly with sensory information from proprioceptors, visual
and vestibular systems

 The aim is to reduce the cognitive demand during a skill or task i.e. learning to drive and talk at
the same time. 

Motor control is divided into two subsets. Gross motor control is the ability of a human to move a large
muscle group or segment of the anatomy; the waving of an arm is an example of this type of movement.
Fine motor control is the ability to manipulate precise movement, such as handwriting. All motor control
is an integrated product of three aspects of the human anatomy: muscles, bones, and the central nervous
system.

Many aspects of motor control are hereditary; others are linked to the body type of the individual. As an
example, a 5 ft 10 in (1.7 m) point guard on a basketball team is expected to be able to execute complex
physical movements, such as dribbling the ball with either hand at full speed under defensive pressure.

THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ACADEMIC USE ONLY.

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

The 6 ft 10 in (2 m) basketball forward is not likely to be able to move with the same grace and speed as
the guard. With practice, the taller and less coordinated athlete could achieve improvements in this
particular skill, but it is unlikely that he or she could surpass the smaller and quicker player.

Body type and heredity aside, all athletes have the capacity to improve their motor control through the
practice and the repetition of distinct motor skills. In many sports, the drills that form the basis of
improved motor control ability are collateral to the sport itself. Cross training techniques are often
employed to enhance a particular motor ability that is desired for a sport in an athlete.
A notable example is the use of jumping rope in sports such as boxing; the repeated coordination of the
athlete's footwork and hands in the act of skipping improves the athlete's overall coordination. American
football has a time-honored training technique where players are required to move at full speed while
negotiating a series of tires placed in a pattern; this drill builds the ability of the body to coordinate a
jump vertically with a movement laterally to avoid falling into the obstacle, a non-contact simulation of
the agile movements required on the playing field.
"Muscle memory" is a muscular attribute linked to the development of motor skills. When an athlete is
sidelined from an activity due to injury, the athlete will return more quickly to his or her previous level of
motor ability due to the memory preserved in the nervous system as to how the motion stressed the
subject muscle or structure

A physical injury to any aspect of the voluntary motor system will impair motor control. A concussion
or damage to the spine or spinal column is a frequent cause of such injuries. When a nerve becomes
pinched or otherwise damaged through trauma, such as a carpal tunnel nerve fracture in the wrist, the
pathway for the major nerve ending into the muscles of the hand, there will be similar limitations of
movement.

Motor control can be significantly impaired though stresses imposed on other bodily systems. When athletes
become dehydrated, they will commonly sustain an imbalance in their electrolyte levels, particularly that of the
mineral sodium. A sodium deficiency will impair the ability of a nervous system transmission to be communicated
to the working muscle.

Hierarchical Control
Many of the processes underlying human movement take place without explicit awareness on the part of
the actor, but many movements are still voluntary.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

Intending and Planning to Act (Response Identification and Selection)

At the task level, the goal of the movement is specified consciously by the actor, although there is
evidence that actions are substantially influenced by purely perceptual stimuli without conscious intention
on the part of the mover at the task level, the goal of the movement is specified consciously by the actor,
although there is evidence that actions are substantially influenced by purely perceptual stimuli without
conscious intention on the part of the mover 
(e.g., different types of  handles  afford  different  grasping  postures).

Response Programming
Programming  is  thought  to  be  the process   preceding   voluntary   actions   whereby action  plans  are 
organized  and  potentially  stored in  cortical  or  subcortical  structures  in  the  brain, ready to be
released when a response is required.

Making the Movement

At the execution level, there is little or no access to awareness and conscious control as this level consists
of detailed specification of motor unit recruitment in both time and space.

“Offline” Success Evaluation

his evaluation can happen after the movement in what is termed an “offline” fashion. Correcting
subsequent movements can be an onerous task for the motor system because there is considerable
ambiguity in what sensory errors mean from a motor control standpoint. Errors convey information about
the success of a movement

(e.g., hits vs. misses) and some feedback about what needs to be corrected in the movement

(e.g. A miss to the left versus the right),

 The importance of sensory-motor control has implications for the development of measurement and
training protocols. It has been shown that challenging preprocess during training activities, for example,
by making use of unstable surfaces, leads to increased demands on trunk muscles, thereby improving core
stability and balance. Various tests to directly or indirectly measure neuromuscular control and
coordination have been developed and are discussed in the present article.

Performance Tasks
QUIZ:
Direction: Enumerate the following: 20 points

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 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

1. Thought  to  be  the process   preceding   voluntary   actions   whereby action  plans  are 
organized  and  potentially  stored
a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

2. The processes underlying human movement take place

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

3. At the execution level, there is little or no access to awareness and conscious control
a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

4. Errors convey information about the success of a movement

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Hierarchical Control

5. is a muscular attribute linked to the development of motor skills?

a) Response Programming
b) Making the Movement
c) “Offline” Success Evaluation
d) Muscle memory

ENGAGING ACTIVITY:

1. Why Motor Control Sports Is Importance in Physical Education Students and Teachers?
2. Choose your favorite sports then ask your self how you can apply Motor Control

PERFORMANCE TASK:

In this activity you need to show what are the motor control activity in your chosen sports

THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ACADEMIC USE ONLY.

 Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University
ISO 9001:2015 Certified Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited College of Teacher education

Lea rning Resources

References:
 http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/sports-psychology/motor-
development/motor-control-in-sport/
 https://exercise.trekeducation.org/motor-learning/
 https://www.physio-pedia.com/Motor_Control_and_Learning

Quiz:

1. A
2. D
3. B
4. C.
5. D.

ENGAGING ACTIVITY: This activity is subjective.

PERFORMANCE TASK: This activity is subjective.

Prepared by:
GROUP 7
TABURNAL, JESSA MAE H.
TALUCOD, EDRIAN T.
TONZON, MARK NEIL V.
UBAÑ A, MARWEEN JANE P.

AGRIFINO T. MANALO JR., LPT

Instructor

THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR ACADEMIC USE ONLY.