International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1417-1424

ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

UTILIZATION OF WASTE PLASTICS IN FLY ASH BRICKS

Lalith Prasanth.R1, Gopalakrishnan.S2, Thanigainathan .G3, Kathiravan A4*
1,2,3
Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College,
Avadi, Chennai, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
4*
, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering
College, Avadi, Chennai, [email protected], Corresponding Author
Abstract

Fly ash is created in a large amount particularly by warm power plants. Plastics are generated in large
amount with increase in population. Disposal of waste materials including waste plastic bags has become a
serious problem. The waste plastics in house hold is large and increases with time. Both cause severe
environmental problems. The main aim of our project is to utilize those plastics and fly ash in the manufacturing
of bricks. In this paper, the fly ash bricks are casted and plastics were powdered and added up to 20% with an
interval of 5%.Fly ash bricks are manufactured with plastics and undergo compressive strength test, water
absorption test and efflorescence test. Here the strength properties of plastic bricks comprising of waste plastics,
fly ash as the constituents and the design considerations for pavement block incorporating waste plastic bags is
presented. It will be definitely cost economical when compared with the normal fly ash bricks. Manufacturing of
fly ash bricks and Experiments conducted on fly ash bricks for this project, strictly follows specification given
under IS 12894 : 1990.

Key words: Fly ash, Lime, Water Waste Plastic Powder , Compressive Strength, Water absorption and
Efflorescence.

INTRODUCTION in huge quantity near thermal power plants and

producing severe environmental pollution
Fly Ash bricks are cleared of fly ash, lime, gypsum problems, similarly waste plastics are produced in
and sand. These can be effectively occupied in all large amount due to the increase in population and
building constructional activities just like the also cause severe environmental problems when
common burnt clay bricks. The fly ash bricks they are taken for disposal , the main job of the raw
mostly found lighter in weight and more potential material in the manufacture of bricks will not only
rather than common clay bricks respectively. Since provide ample opportunities for its proper and
fly ash is rapidly being picked up as waste material

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useful disposal but as well helps in environmental days, shielding from direct sun. The examples were
pollution control to a great extent. In expectation of drenched in water at room temperature for 24 hours
superior quality and eco-friendly nature, the and from there on, the examples were held out of
support of government has increased for the water. These examples were cured by sodden jute
demand of Fly Ash Bricks. Aim of the present study packs for 7, 14 and 21 days. The specimens were
is to use waste like waste plastic powder and Fly tried following 7, 14 and 21 days individually, for
ash remains furthermore development of properties compressive strength according to the provisions of
of fly ash lime bricks utilizing waste plastic Seems to be in IS 3495 (Part 1) - 1992. The water
powder, likewise it can fulfill the Indian Standard absorption of the bricks was tried according to the
Provisions. The main scope of the current study is provisions fused in IS 3495 (Part 2) - 1992. The
that cost of the bricks is minimized, properties of efflorescence test of bricks was tried according to
bricks can have altered furthermore by using waste the provisions fused in IS 3495 (Part 3) –
plastic and fly ash. 1992.Before testing, the frogs and voids of the
example were topped off with concrete, sand
mortar (1: 1). For this project test like compressive
MANUFACTURING OF FLY ASH
strength , water absorption and efflorescence is
BRICKS
performed and evaluated.
The particular brick of size 190 mm × 90 mm × 90
(IS: 12894-2002) were thrown in the research
center utilizing the waste plastic powder in RAW MATERIAL
proportions of fly ash bricks. The specimen was A. Fly Ash:
blended with an adequate measure of water to Fly ash frames the significant part for
acquire working consistency for molding. The mold Fly ash bricks. The burning of harder, older
was loaded with the lime, fly ash, quarry dust and anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces
waste plastic powder without permitting any air Class F fly ash. This fly ash is pozzolanic in nature,
bubble. The surplus blend was expelled and top and contains less than 20% lime (CaO). Possessing
surface was pulled down. For the hand formed pozzolanic properties, the glassy silica and alumina
bricks, no weight was used to the stamp. The of Class F fly ash requires a cementing agent, such
weight formed bricks were set up by applying of 50 as Portland cement, quicklime, or hydrated lime,
KN. The formed block was put aside to dry for two with the presence of water in order to react and

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produce cementitious compounds. Fly ash content micron sieve. Air classification also removes
extended from 60 to 80%. contaminants that are normally found in quick lime.
B. Quarry Dust: The lime must be perfectly hydrated before the
Quarry dust is a waste product produced bricks are pressed. Otherwise it will expand during
during the crushing process which is used to extract the steam treatment and produce internal strains
stone. Crushed rock aggregate quarrying generates which are frequently sufficient to disrupt the
considerable volumes of quarry fines, often termed brick.Lime content reaches from 20 to 30%.
“quarry dust”. It is rock particles. When huge rocks D. Waste Plastic Powder:
brake in too small parts for the construction in Waste plastic powder is the powder which is
quarries the quarry dust are produced. It is like sand formed by cutting waste plastic bags in factories
but mostly grey in color. It is also mineral particles. which is collected from Chennai corporation. The
The density of Quarry dust is 1650 kg/m³. Quarry source of waste plastic powder in Alamathi road ,
dust can be defined as residue, tailing or other non- near avadi from alamathi mixture factory. They
voluble waste material after the extraction and supply plastic powder by scrapping the waste
processing of rocks to form fine particles less than plastic bags. These plastic powder are added in an
4.75mm. interval of 5% upto 20%.
C. Lime: E. Water:
Pure calcium oxide is fused with coke in Water is an important ingredient of brick as it
order to render the highest yield in the manufacture actually used for manufacturing of brick. Since it
of acetylene. The quality of the resultant carbide helps to bind all the raw materials for giving proper
lime is a direct result of the excellent quality raw mix. Water used for making brick should be free
materials. Carbide lime is finer in particle size, and from impurities.
physically, having a very finely divided particle
size makes carbide lime better. A finer particle size
BRICK MIX DESIGN
means faster and more reactivity. Hydrate lime is a
dry powder obtained by treating Quicklime with The mixing proportions generally fly ash,

enough water to satisfy its chemical affinity for lime, quarry dust and water.fly ash reacts with lime

water. Adelaide Brighton Hydrated Lime is ground in the presence of moisture to form calcium silicate

and air classified to produce a fine white powder. hydrate which is the binder material. After this, the

Typically less than 0.05% is retained on a 250 mixture is completed and sent to hydraulic presses

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for molding in molding machine. In this project,

total 5 mix has been prepared containing lime, fly
S.NO SAMPLE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
ash, quarry dust and waste plastic powder content.
NAME
(N/mm)

7 DAYS 14 DAYS 21 DAYS

S.NO FLY LIME QUARRY WASTE SAMPLE
ASH DUST PLASTIC NAME
1 A 5.1 6.25 6.55
% % % %
2 B 5.41 6.46 7.32
1 50 10 40 0 A
3 C 5.57 6.78 7.57
2 50 10 35 5 B
4 D 5.8 6.97 7.71
3 50 10 30 10 C
5 E 5.93 7.15 8.1
4 50 10 25 15 D

5 50 10 20 20 E

TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

COMPRESSION STRENGTH TEST

Place the specimen with flat faces horizontal, and

mortar filled face facing upwards and carefully
centered between plates of the testing machine.
Apply load axially at a uniform rate per minute till
failure occurs and note the maximum load at
failure. The load at failure shall be the maximum
load at which the specimen fails to produce any WATER ABSORPTION TEST
further increase in the indicator reading on the
testing machine. Immerse completely dried specimen in clean water
at a temperature of 27 ± 2 °C for 24 hours. Remove

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the specimen and wipe out any traces of water with

a damp cloth and weigh the specimen. Complete
the weighing 3 minutes after the specimen has been
removed from water (W2). Water absorption,
percent by mass, after 24-hour immersion in cold
water is given by the following formula:

EFFLORESCENCE TEST

Place the end of the bricks in the dish, the depth of

immersion in water being 25 mm. Place the whole
arrangement in a warm ( for example, 20 to
30°C ) well ventilated room until all the water in
the dish is absorbed by the specimens. and the
surplus water evaporates. Cover the dish containing
the brick with suitable glass cylinder so that
excessive evaporation from the dish may not occur.
When the water has been absorbed and bricks
appear to be dry, place a similar quantity of water in
the dish and allow it to evaporate as before.

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Examine the bricks for efflorescence after the current study we observed that the composition of
second evaporation and report the results. fly ash bricks gives water absorption less than 20%
and satisfies IS requirement.When the bricks are
immersed in water and dried, white patches are not

EFFLORESCENCE TEST RESULT formed, so the results for efflorescence of bricks are
nil. Since plastics are used as a partial replacement
of quarry dust, the bricks are economical and the
cost of brick is lesser than normal fly ash bricks.
S.NO SAMPLE NAME EFFLORESCENCE
Since plastics are added as a partial replacement for
1 A
quarry dust , the weight of the brick decreases.
2 B
NIL From above analysis, this brick can be effectively
3 C
used in construction field.
4 D

5 E

REFERENCE

CONCLUSION 1. Aeslina Abdul Kadir, Abbas Mohajerani (2011)

“BRICKS: AN EXCELLENT BUILDING
MATERIAL FOR RECYCLING WASTES”
The conclusion which is derived from the current
University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia pg no:
study is given below. Different composition of fly 108-113.
ash bricks with waste plastic is evaluated and it has
2. Tabin Rushad S, Abhishek Kumar, Duggal S.K,
been observed that Mehta P.K (2011) “EXPERIMENTAL
STUDIES ON LIME-SOIL-FLY ASH
Water absorption of fly ash bricks decreases from BRICKS” INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
12.714 to 1.80% when increasing percentage of CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Volume 1, No 4, 2011,pg no 994-1000.
waste plastic is added in the composition of fly ash
bricks. Compressive strength of fly ash brick 3. S. Shankarananth, B. Jaivignesh
increases from 6.55 to 8.1N/mm2 when waste (2016)“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE
USE OF GLASS POWDER, GGBS, &
plastic are added to its brick composition.As per IS
PERLITE IN FLY ASH BRICK” International
12894 : 1990 , maximum allowable water Journal of Advanced Research, Volume 4, Issue
absorption for fly ash bricks is 20% and from the 4,pg no:1381-1386.

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4. Nutan C. Patel, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda

(2013)“FLY ASH BRICK: GLASS FIBRE THE
INNOVATIVE CONCEPT FOR GETTING
HIGHER STRENGTH BRICK” International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 3,pg
no:1-8.

5. Er. Rinku Kumar, Er. Naveen Hooda

(2014) “AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
PROPERTIES OF FLY ASH BRICKS” issn
(online): 2321-3051, Vol.2 Issue.9, pg no: 56-
66.

6. Nayansi Jain, Dr. Pramod Sharma (2016)

“UTILIZATION OF GLASS POWDER IN FLY
ASH BRICKS” International Journal for
Scientific Research & Development, Vol. 4,
Issue 05,pg no: 482-485.

7. M. Angeline Swarna, R.
Venkatakrishnaiah (2014)
“MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS USING
TANNERY EFFLUENT SLUDGE”
International Journal of Recent Development in
Engineering and Technology,vol. 3,issue 4,pg
no:33-36.

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