Automotive Industry

Every company or organization aims to improve interest rates while operating. Proper strategies
to give organizations competitive advantage over competitors during work hours are very
important. This cannot be achieved without a well-organized management system for the day-to-
day operations of these companies. In this analysis, Michael Porter provides an attractive
framework for providing guidelines to enable businesses to survive in markets during the
competition. Businesses need to deal with threats from replacement products in order to gain a
larger market base. Similarly, companies need to consider whether the potential for entry into a
particular market by individual competitors is inevitable. Strategic planning is essential for such
organizations to be able to withstand intense competition from competitors. Business
organizations should consider providing pricing products for their products to address the ability
to negotiate with their customers. Developing appropriate strategies for dealing with supportive
negotiations is also very important, in order to enable the company to improve its profitability
levels (Yacobucci & Cooney, 2006).
Introduction
In general, the emergence of the automotive sector has met with a wide range of influences from
a variety of innovations in business structures, public infrastructure, fuel, manufacturing
methods, suppliers, market changes and automotive materials. According to one historian, the
automotive industry was steeped in the development of engines that led to the development of
new energy-efficient ways. Such mediums include smoke, new fuel including gasoline and gas in
the 1800's. The establishment of the first car factories and the construction of the first cars in
America and Europe took place in the year 1876. Other technological advances came in the
1890s and 1900s as a ground-based accelerator and steering wheel (Yacobucci & Cooney, 2006).
As a result, these developments accelerated the development of the automotive industry, making
automobiles easier to use.

Industry definition
The American automotive industry is an industry that designs, manufactures, develops, sells and
sells cars, targeting various national markets (Yacobucci and Cooney, 2006). In fiscal 2008, the
industry produced approximately 70million vehicles that included commercial vehicles and
vehicles. In 2008, 79.9 million new cars were sold. Similarly, at the same time, the American
automotive industry overcame price pressures from consumer costs and changing consumer
purchasing habits. Currently, the industry is also experiencing an increase in external
competition from the public transport sector as clients re-evaluate the use of private vehicles.
Industry profile
The American Auto Industrial profile includes industrial size and growth as well as the
integration of the American automotive industry. The profile includes a significant increase in
industry investment by the industry in addition to the rapid growth of the three major leading
brands of light trucks (Yacobucci & Cooney, 2006). Included in the profile are changes in
employment between companies, changes within countries within automotive rental processes.
In addition, there have been a variety of trade unions and health / pension issues.
Industry structure
The industry has more than a million Americans as workers in the manufacture of cars, parts and
machinery. There have been major changes in the structures since the big or big companies of
Big Three including General Motors, Ford and Chrysler built a lot of cars and small trucks to be
sold in the US market. In 2003, most of the cars sold in the American market were made by
foreigners within North American factories or imported (Yacobucci & Cooney, 2006).
Obviously, the Big Three is very important in the production of light trucks which is why it gets
tough competition from foreign brands. 600000US workers were dumped by Big Three while
about 300000 were employed by foreign companies.
Analysis of the Five Forces of Michael Porters
Buyers bargaining powers
The establishment of a strong relationship between consumers and the American Automotive
Industry is very important. Consumers are the key to the success of a business. Basically, in this
relationship between the industry and end consumers, the entire power axis must be specially
connected to favor consumers. Consumers are using more power in this type of relationship due
to the nature of the car goods in a limited range, as well as the constant change in costs
associated with product selection from competing industrial products. However, the industry will
remain relatively weak due to the large consumer base in terms of producer rating (Porter, 1985).
Suppliers bargaining powers
In the relationship between suppliers and the industry, more energy is given to the harvest
industry. Typically, the automotive industry includes powerful consumers who have advanced
skills in driving individual names for their customers. Car buyers will be considered strong due
to the lack of a large increase in the number of car manufacturers. The largest car companies
within the US own about 90% of shipments and additional value to the US. Second, industrial
power will emerge from the automotive components which are standardized and widely used
vehicles. Similarly, the potential for consumers in the automotive industry will emerge from the
emergence of regression combinations (Schwab et al, 2004).
Competitive rivalry in the industry
Despite the high market rating in the US market which indicates a decline in competition in the
automotive industry, competition in the global automotive industry and the US niche is extreme.
The American automotive industry is currently not a playground for three major car companies
including General Motors, Ford or Daimler Chrysler. Clearly, global car companies seem to be
competing in the US Market while at the same time US companies are gaining globally (Porter,
1985). For example, in the 1980's, Japanese car manufacturers Toyota and Honda entered the US
market informally. These companies have been very committed to increasing their market share.
At present, the great diversity of rival firms on the basis of complementary philosophy and
culture has exacerbated the intensity of the conflict in the Automotive industry. Market growth
has slowed down in US markets and this requires companies to fight hard to make a big profit or
to avoid possible market share losses.
New entrants’ threats
Obstacles to the automotive industry were huge. The new company requires very high capital
and this makes the establishment of production capacity to achieve a highly efficient efficiency
ratio. In addition, the car manufacturing facilities are special and any failures cannot be easily
restored. However, despite the barriers to entry for new companies are great, large companies
that have already started are moving to new markets through strategic partnerships (Schwab et al,
2004). Additionally, login is available through mergers and acquisitions. In fact, at the moment
the barriers to entry into new markets are quite low. For example, in the 1980s, companies in the
US welcomed almost Japanese manufacturers into the US Market after realizing that existing
firms had failed to provide high-quality cars in low-priced markets. In addition, large car
companies seem to be globalized and have entered foreign markets with varying degrees of
success.
Threats from substitutes
Threats to replace American Auto Industry have been mild. Many types of transportation are
readily available but none provide the convenience, value or convenience of automotive access
(Schwab et al, 2004). The cost of switching connected to using a different mode of travel such as
a train can be higher on the basis of the time spent by the user. In the short term, however, the
use of the train as a means of transportation will be much lower compared to the cost of fuel used
for the same trip, car insurance, parking and repairs. In densely populated urban areas, substitutes
may be able to install bulk transportation, bicycles, and less expensive vehicles compared to cars.
For this reason, alternative modes of travel will always be popular. Similarly, social or cultural
contexts may prevent people from owning cars in other parts of the world. Other limitations or
restrictions on owning a vehicle may include class, religion, geography or race features.
 Conclusion
American Auto Industry has been shown to face a variety of challenges within the Automobile
Industry. Porter’s analysis provided insightful insights into strategic approaches to addressing
such challenges. In order to remain competitive the firm must address the issue of new entrants
in both the strong and existing American markets. However, the company must mobilize
sufficient resources and similarly develop effective strategies to combat the presence of market
entrants. In addition, the industry must face the power of negotiating with suppliers and
consumers while reconsidering the issue of competition from Auto Industry competitors who
will enter the American automotive industry market. By resolving current issues as evidenced by
Michael Porter's assessment, the industry will be more efficient in the management of day-to-day
operations. Ultimately, the industry will protect a larger market and its customers that will
contribute to higher levels of profits, thus improving the levels of recognition of industrial
performance (Porter, 1985).

FORD
Introduction
Ford Motor Company, an American car company founded in 1903 by Henry Ford and 11
investors. In 1919 the company was reorganized, and Ford, his wife, Clara, and his son, Edsel,
acquired full ownership; they, their heirs, and the Ford Foundation (founded in 1936) were the
sole shareholders until January 1956, when the general sale of public stocks began. The
company manufactures passenger cars, trucks, and tractors as well as car parts and other
equipment. Headquarters is in Bornborn, Michigan.

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is the world's largest car manufacturer, operating in 200 markets
on six continents. The product includes Ford, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury and Volvo. Ford also
sells the luxury sports car Aston Martin. The company is primarily based in the US and Europe
and has employed 246,000 people since December 2007. Ford's goal is to create highly
desirable products for profit. They are also doing this with the increase in the number of new
products from around the world. In the 2007 financial year, the company recorded $ 172,455
mill, an increase of 7.7% over 2006. However, the residual loss was $ 2723 mill in 2007,
compared to $ 12,613 mill in 2006, with a performance gain of $ 5631 mill in 2007 compared
to the $ 8,190 mill in 2006 (data keeper) .
Early History
Henry Ford built his first test drive workshop behind his home in Detroit in 1896. After the
formation of the Ford Motor Company, Ford's first car was assembled on Mack Avenue in July
1903. Five years later, in 1908, the successful Model T was introduced. The demand for this car
was so great that Ford developed new mass production methods to make it in sufficient
quantity. In 1911 he established the first branch of the U.S. branch office. (Kansas City,
Missouri) and opened the company's first production plant (in Manchester, England); in 1913
introduced the line of the first major car assembly; and in 1914, further advancing labor
productivity, introduced a $ 5 daily eight-hour salary (instead of $ 2.34 a nine-hour day).

Reorganization And Expansion

By early 1906 Henry Ford had received 58.5 percent of the company's stock; then, when some
stockbrokers disagreed with the idea of building a large (and expensive) River Rouge plant in
Dearborn, he bought them; Edsel Ford (1893–1943) became president (1919). With Edsel's
death in 1943, Henry Ford returned to the presidency, but in 1945 handed it over to his
grandson, Henry Ford II, who reorganized the company's confused financial management
system and revived its corporate culture by hiring talented new managers. The failed launch of
Edsel (model 1958-60) took place amidst this success. Henry Ford II continued to lead the
company as chief executive (1945-70) and chairman of the board (1960-80).

In the 1950s and 60s the Ford Motor Company began to have a limited variety, but by the
1990s it had focused on its concern for motor vehicles and financial services. 1989–90 Ford
acquired a Jaguar, a British manufacturer of luxury cars. Aston Martin became a fully owned
company in 1993. Later acquisitions included car rental company Hertz Corporation in 1994,
Volvo car division in 1999, and Land Rover sports utility vehicle in 2000. Ford also bought a
large share of Mazda Motor Corporation. However, as Ford fought back in the early 21st
century, it began to sell these products. Ford sold Hertz in 2005 and Aston Martin in 2007. Sell
Jaguar and Land Rover to Tata Motors Ltd. of India in 2008. Ford started selling its shares in
Mazda in 2008 and completely split in 2015.

Ford In The 21st Century

December 2008 Pres. George W. Bush has announced an emergency rescue plan to help “Three
Big” car manufacturers — Chrysler LLC, General Motors Corporation, and Ford - prevent the
collapse of the country's struggling car industry. The program has promptly obtained $ 13.4
billion in government loans from the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), a $ 700 billion
fund approved by Congress to help the financial industry following the subprime mortgage
crisis. The loan will allow car companies to resume operations in March 2009, when they were
required to demonstrate "financial efficiency" or repay the loan. The additional regulation
requires companies to be restructured. The money was initially donated by General Motors and
Chrysler; Ford is said to have had enough money to continue operating, so it did not
immediately seek the government's help.

It is able to avoid a collapse - put in place by General Motors and Chrysler - Ford experienced a
sharp increase in sales and market share in 2009. This growth is partly due to the provincial
government's "cash-in-transit" program to provide consumers with up to $ 4,500 in trade - old
cars with new fuel-efficient models. In addition, Ford has adopted a variety of cost-cutting
measures and focused on solid products. In 2010 automakers sold Volvo to Chinese company
Zhejiang Geely Holding. A few months later Ford announced it would suspend its Mercury
line. However, as sales declined, the car manufacturer looked to expand its products. In 2016
Ford Smart Mobility was created to improve car sharing and self-driving systems, among other
programs. The following year the car manufacturer announced that it was stepping up its
electric motor. However, in 2018 Ford announced that it will eliminate all its vehicles, with the
exception of the Mustang and Ford Focus Active. Instead, the company would focus on photos,
SUVs, and crossover cars.

Business Model of Ford

As Ford expanded in and out of the world, competition from other car and truck manufacturers
became a major issue and they began to feed on the company's salaries. To make itself more
competitive, Ford has revised its business model and announced a new approach in 2008 under
the title "One Ford." The One Ford approach sought to integrate and simplify international
production operations. Instead of producing a more sophisticated variety of sub-carriages (belly
car) of its many cars in the U.S., Europe and elsewhere, Ford has reduced the number of models
sold and relied on a more standard production chassis. As reported by the New York Times, the
merging process has led to the disappearance of other Ford components such as Mercury, as
well as the separation of many luxury products such as the Jaguar, which were sold to other
businesses. The review of Ford's business model was not enough to fully restore the company
to its former glory in the early 20th century. Today’s competition is fierce in the industry and
changes in technology and consumer preferences are accumulating very quickly.
As a result, Ford has recently adopted a new type of business that falls under the umbrella of
"Creating the Future, Together." The emphasis on "tomorrow" is key, as Ford is once again
getting used to new technologies such as self-driving cars and electric cars that the company
sees as a direction for the future.

As described in a recent Ford annual report, their business model now rests on four pillars:

● A portfolio of cars, SUVs and trucks that are second to none.

● A choice for consumers of propulsion options, including conventional gas, hybrid vehicles
and fully electronic vehicles.
● Highly trusted, safe and secure driver-assist and self-driving systems.
● Cloud-based mobility, that is, in-car entertainment and information services that benefit
customers and provide ongoing subscription revenue to Ford.

So. it could be said that Ford's current operations focuses on three key aspects of the company's
business model:

● Integration: Ford uses strict control over all production, marketing and sales processes to
achieve quality in all categories. With so many things coming from external suppliers, Ford is
building a strong partnership network where it is supplied, refining production and developing
new products in partnership with suppliers.
● License: Ford earns money by licensing its company name and logo on everything from after-
sales products, to retailers, toys and video games. This not only makes money, but strengthens
the product in the minds of consumers.
● No Frills Options: To appeal to a wider number of consumers, Ford does not include frills
models in its product offerings. These discounted cars offer a few simple and redesigned
features but make the work done at an attractive price for some car buyers.

SWOT Analysis of Ford

Strengths
The capabilities described as competitive advantages or advanced skills have given the
organization the opportunity to meet the needs of the targeted market. Ford is one of the
world's most famous brand names. After all, the product is well-known in the automotive
industry and in international markets for its extensive marketing and advertising. Ford
acknowledges the high level of customer loyalty and all its products that have always enjoyed
the good reputation they have for good service and services. Ford offers the consumer a wide
range of automotive and commercial models. Furthermore, Ford's quality assurance needs to
be more thorough and should be consistently monitored at the approval level to ensure that
there are no future errors and thus customer satisfaction is achieved. Ford Motor Company
will maintain good working relationships with employees by providing better workplace and
competitive pay that ensures the hiring of a qualified and competent employee in all of its
operations. In addition, Ford is deeply concerned about the working environment and safety
features of employees. In addition, Ford is constantly developing cars according to a set
procedure and investing heavily in another fuel source. These production facilities run their
business in more than 30 countries and are improving their production processes in about
ninety plants and facilities around the world that is because the operation and distribution of
Ford company is a wealth.

Weaknesses
Weaknesses mean any limitations that a company faces in developing or implementing a
marketing strategy. Ford’s automobile company brand image was harmed and the company
has a lot due to product recalls. For example the Ford Focus recalls the car which has some
problems. This has made a large cost to the company as well as harming the brand image and
negatively impacting Ford’s sales. Furthermore, Ford automobile company lacks the design
phase and innovative design structures on their new paddle of cars. This is because the
technology is not as good as others. It will influence Ford to cause low productivity. Thus
Ford can overcome their weakness to achieve greatest of strengths. Apart from that,
management is missing focus on some lines performance because Ford automobile company
expands more business operations in diversified geographical areas. Next, Ford does not have
an effective cost management system and has not taken considerable efforts to overcome.
Ford has a small market share therefore the sale will decline the sales and also due to global
recession in the world finance market. That is the reason for the decline in sales. Another
reason is Ford will manufacture the standard cars which are not able to cope up with the
current market automobile.

Opportunities
Opportunities are seen as a good place to bring benefits to the organization if done right. Ford
should increase its car and trade options and is expected to switch to hybrid electric motors
due to petrol. Therefore, Ford can build an electric car that saves more energy than gasoline
and diesel and improves the chances of higher-level development. Ford has the potential to be
an environmentally friendly company with a cool engine engine because hybrid engines are
more polluting than conventional petrol and diesel engines. Ford has a great opportunity to
produce fuel-efficient and commercial vehicles. Ford, on the other hand, has other options in
building cars and commercials based on electric motors. Ford's automotive industry has the
most fuel-efficient models and cars can use renewable energy such as solar power and bio
fuels. This may help the company to become a pioneer in the industry. Ford's car offers
services based on the travel habits of the whole family. Alternatively, the Ford is also a low-
cost car that can offer cheap money to middle-class people.

Threats
Threats are a description of situations or barriers that can prevent an organization from
achieving its goals. The cost of fuel is rising day by day and remains in a state of uncertainty
so that the electric car which is the reason it will be most needed. On the other hand, the
growth and development of Ford could be driven by the rapid growth of the number of
competitors in the automotive industry. Ford's main competitors are Nissan, Honda, Toyota,
and so on. They also threatened Ford market share. Apart from this, Ford's spending is far less
than its competitor. The reason for this is that the money spent also included research
development costs that could affect the company's sustainability. When other car
manufacturers have new ideas, new systems and technologies emerge, that is also one of the
threats to the Ford Company. So economic stress will also affect consumers' ability to buy.
Therefore, sales value will decrease.
So, to conclude this SWOT analysis the main issues highlighted in this SWOT analysis of
Ford are limitations in speed of innovation and scope of its production network, as well as
competition with existing firms and new entrants. Ford needs to improve its research and
development investments and increase its innovation speed to address aggressive competition
and the entry of high-tech firms in the industry. Also, Ford needs to expand its production
network to increase economies of scale, which can reduce costs and prices to make Ford
automobiles more attractive.
 TESLA

Introduction
In 2008 Tesla Motors released its first car, a fully electric Rosterster. In a company test, it
found 245 miles (394 km) in one case, an unprecedented distance for an electric vehicle to
produce. Additional tests showed that its performance was similar to that of most electric
vehicles: the Roadster could accelerate from 0 km to 60 km (96 km) per hour in less than four
seconds and could reach a top speed of 200 km (200 km) per hour. The body of the
lightweight car was made of carbon fiber. Roadster did not produce the exhaust pipe, as they
do not use an internal fire engine. Tesla Motors found that the car received efficient fuel
equivalent of 135 miles per mile (57 km per liter). The car’s electric motor was powered by
lithium-ion cells — commonly used for laptop-computer-rechargeable batteries that come
from a common electric field. Despite a $ 7,500 tax bill to buy an electric car, Roadster's $
109,000 cost has made it a luxury.

Tesla, Inc. is an American electric car and clean energy company based in Palo Alto,
California. Tesla's current products include electric vehicles, battery storage from scale to
grid, solar panels and solar roof tiles, and other related products and services. Tesla is ranked
as the world's best-selling passenger car manufacturer, with a market share of 16% for plug-in
(including hybrids) and 23% for battery (only electricity) 2020 for sale. With the help of
SolarCity, Tesla is developing and becoming a major developer of solar photovoltaic systems
in the United States. Tesla is also one of the world's largest suppliers of battery-powered
systems, with 3 GWh of battery storage delivered in 2020.

Tesla-s60 Tesla Model

Evolution of Tesla

2003 - Tesla Motors founded by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning in San Carlos,
California. They serve as its CEO and CFO, respectively.

2004 - Elon Musk invests $ 30 million and joins Tesla as Chair of the Board of Directors.

2006 - The Tesla showcases a brand new car, the all-powerful Rosterster.

2007 - Eberhard resigns as CEO of Tesla. He was replaced by interim manager Michael
Marks.

2007 - Ze'ev Drori takes over as CEO of Tesla.

2008 - Roadster enters production. Elon Musk gets the first car to be produced.

2008 - Ze'ev Drori resigns as CEO of Tesla. He was replaced by Elon Musk, who remains
CEO to this day.

2008 - Tesla announces its Model S sedan plans.

2009 - Eberhard filed a lawsuit against Tesla and Musk alleging that he was forced to leave
the company, and that Musk had taken the credit for creating a company set up by Eberhard
and Tarpenning. He discards the suit later that year.

2009 - Faced with financial difficulties, Tesla seeks investment in Daimler AG and a loan
from the Department of Energy.

2009 - Tesla relocates to its headquarters in Palo Alto, where she lives to this day.

2010 - Tesla goes public, raising $ 226 million in his IPO.

2011 - Tesla showcases the Model S, which is the company's first distributor.

2012 - Model S sedan goes into full production.

2012 - Tesla suspends production of Roadsterster.

2012 - Tesla launches its first six-nation Supercharger charging stations in California.

2013 - Tesla submits its first quarterly profit.

2014 - Tesla announces its Nevada Gigafactory, where the company will produce batteries in
all its products.
2015 - The company enters the solar energy market, announcing a line of power products and
businesses based on a combination of solar panels and batteries.

2016 - Tesla announces plans for Model 3 sedan, its first car targeted at a major market.

2017 - Tesla Motors changes its name to Tesla, Inc. This is still the name of the company to
this day.

2018 - Tesla loses Model 3 sedan ratings, producing a period of three months less than half of
what it had predicted could produce in one week.

2018 - Musk announces on Twitter that he plans to keep the company a secret for $ 420 per
share, and that he has already received funding to do so. He does not take over a private
company and did not, at the time of writing, do so. This leads to several trades that increase
Tesla's stock price.

2018 - The SEC charges Musk for security fraud.

2018 - Musk and Tesla receive payments from the SEC. Musk pays $ 20 million and resigns
as Tesla's Board of Directors. He was replaced by Robyn Denholm. Tesla also pays $ 20
million and agrees to manage Musk's Twitter account.

2018 - The Department of Justice is launching an investigation into whether Tesla misled
investors about its Model 3 production capacity.

2019 - SEC demands contempt order after Musk made a Twitter announcement about Tesla's
production capacity. The agreement was reviewed after a judge found that Tesla had not done
any work for Musk on Twitter.

2019 - Musk and Tesla launch "Cybertruck," a six-seat electric truck. Musk later claims that
Tesla received 250,000 orders in Cybertruck.

2020 - On a solid financial quarter and analysts' analysis, Tesla stock surges, finally reached
more than $ 900.

Business Model of Tesla

Tesla is directly integrated. Therefore, the company operates and operates Tesla plant
manufacturing plants and Gigafactory manufactures battery packs and stand-alone systems
for its electric vehicles, which are sold through direct channels such as the Tesla online store
and Tesla body stores.

Revenue of Tesla

Tesla made more than $ 24.5 billion, lost $ 69 million in operations, and lost $ 862 million.
In Q4 2019, Tesla turned profits for the first time. And its biggest market is still the US

SWOT Analysis of Tesla

Tesla has emerged as one of the most talked about and analyzed companies among business lovers.
This SWOT analysis of this organization will reveal all the important details regarding all aspects of
Tesla's business. In addition, the full results of this analysis include strategic changes in view of all
SWOT factors, namely, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Tesla's strengths:
Tesla has a very strong brand image. When people think of Tesla they don't think of a company that
sells cars. Tesla has changed the way we travel by bringing new ideas and making them real.
Although Tesla is not the only car manufacturer that provides electric cars, it has developed and
dominated the luxury electric car industry. There is no other company like electric cars.
The solid product is also heavily influenced by the personal product of its CEO, Elon Musk.
Tesla also has the greatest power in its manufacturing processes. An outstanding example is the fact
that they produce most of the materials needed to produce a car. This leads to greater risk for other
companies and groups that are often involved in the production process.

Tesla's Weaknesses:
Tesla's biggest problem right now is low profit compared to sales volumes.
They are always investing in research and development. From $ 6.8 Billion their gross income was
just $ 312 million.
Tesla is also facing the problem of limited presence in markets outside the U.S. There are strong
financial markets and are eager to buy but Tesla is not there yet. They also face the problem of
moderate purchases, and they cannot produce cars at the speed they want.
Lastly, one of the major barriers to significant growth in retail prices. Although it is quite accurate for
the total price of the product, the average consumer cannot make a cost and make a purchase.

Tesla's opportunities:
Tesla's opportunity will be to increase its purchasing power to meet all new demands and sales.
Tesla can also benefit greatly from the diversity of other types of businesses and markets. By selling
other types of products, they can reduce their risk of a recession that could have a significant impact
on the demand for luxury cars.

Tesla threats:
The limitations of Tesla's performance are:
Strong competition. Big companies are now looking for a piece of electric car pie. After realizing the
need, they built their own electric cars. They have the potential to earn a lot of money, as they have
become big and established businesses. Apart from that, Tesla should also keep in mind the highly
variable prices for key components in production such as lithium.
Finally, another problem Tesla has to overcome is regulations in some states such as Virginia and
Texas that do not allow direct car sales. Tesla does not have a thrift store, except for some showrooms
where people can go and see the car. All sales are done only online. Such laws may prevent a
company from selling its vehicles in certain regions