Similarity and Congruence Summary : AB PQ PR QR

SIMILARITY AND CONGRUENCE
Summary;
Similar shapes are identical in shape but not in size
The ratio of the corresponding sides of similar shapes is the same and is
called linear scale factor.
For any two similar shapes;
i) Ratio of length= linear scale factor (L.S.F)
ii) Ratio of areas = (L.S.F)2
iii) Ratio of volumes = (L.S.F) 3
The following properties apply to similar shapes;
i) Corresponding angles are equal as shown

A
P
B C Q R
thus <A = <P, <B = <Q and <C = <R
ii)The ratios between corresponding sides are equal

AB AC BC PQ PR QR
= = = =
PQ PR QR or AB AC BC
Congruent figures are the ones which are exactly the same size
1
Examples:
1. In the figure below, PQ is parallel to BC

A
P Q
B C
i)Show that triangles ABC and APQ are similar
(Hint: show that the triangles are equiangular)
ii) Write down the ratios between their corresponding sides
2. The triangle ABC and PQR below are similar

Q
C
18 cm
6 cm
A B P 45 cm Q
Determine the;
i) linear scale factor
ii) length AB
iii) ratio of area of triangle ABC that of PQR
2
3. A
6 cm
P Q
12 cm
6 cm
B C
20 cm
a) Find the lengths AP and QC
b) If the area of triangle APQ is 26.14 cm2, find the;
i) area of triangle ABC
ii)Area of trapezium PBCQ
4. In the figure below, MN is parallel to BC. MN = 14 cm and

AM:MB = 2 :3
A
M N
14 cm
B C
a) Find the length BC
b) If the area of triangle ABC is 150 cm2, find the area of trapezium MBCN.
3
5. Study the figure below. C
6 cm 8 cm
A
E D
If AD = 12 cm, find the area of the shaded region
In the figure above AB is parallel

C to DE. Calculate the;
5 cm 4 cm
i) length AD D 2 cm E
ii) ratio of area ofAtriangle ABC
6 cm to DEC B
6. C
7 cm
D E
3 cm
2 cm
A B
15 cm
1. s
4
In the above AB is parallel to DE , DC = 7 cm, BE = 2 cm.
a) Calculate the length of;
i)AD ii)CE
b) Given that the area of DEC is 30 cm2, find the area of quadrilateral
P
ABED.
2. 2 cm
Q 2.4 cm
2 cm
S T
In the figure triangles PQR and PST are similar and PS= 5cm. Calculate the
length of PR and ST.
3.
P
16 cm
10 cm
12 cm
Q R
S
5
The triangles PQR and QSR are similar. Calculate the lengths QS and SR.
4. 3cm B
A 2.1 cm
2.7 cm
C
4 cm
D
In the figure AB is parallel to DE. Calculate the lengths CD and CE.
Word problems:
1. The areas of two similar triangles are 18 cm2 and 32 cm2 respectively. If the
base of the smaller triangle is 6 cm, find the base of the larger triangle.
(8 cm)
2. Two similar figures have corresponding sides of length 3 cm and 5 cm. If the
area of the larger figure is 100 cm2 find the area of the smaller figure
(36 cm2)
3. A rectangle 6 cm long and 5 cm wide is enlarged so that its area becomes
270 cm2. Find the linear scale factor (3)
4. The heights of two similar tins are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively. If the

C
volume of the larger tin is 405 cm3, find the volume of the smaller tin
(120 cm3)
7 cm
5. A beaker of height 21 cm has volume 135 cm3. Find the height of a similar
beaker whose volume is 40 cm3 E (14 cm)
D
3 cm
2 cm
6
A B
6. A tank has a volume of 6400 cm3 and surface area 800 cm2. Find the surface
area of a similar tank whose volume is 2700 cm3 (450 cm2)
7. A cone has volume of 120 cm3 and surface area of 48 cm2. Find the volume
of a similar cone whose surface area is 108 cm2 (405 cm3)
8. A cylinder of radius 2 cm has height of 3.5 cm is enlarged so that its volume

becomes 1188 cm3. Find the linear scale factor (3)
EER
1. In the figure below DE is parallel to AB. AB= 15 cm , DE = 12 cm and AD

= 4cm C
D E
A B
find the;
i) length of CD
ii) area of trapezium ABED if area of triangle CDE is 288 cm2
2. A tank of height 7.5 cm has capacity of 540 cm3. Find the capacity of a
similar tank whose height is 5 cm
7
3. A tank of height 2m and width 1.4 m has capacity of 3.08 m3. Find the
height and width of a similar tank whose capacity is 83.16 m3
4. Two solids have a linear scale factor of 3. Given that the larger one has
surface area of 324 cm2 and volume of 405 cm3, find the volume and surface
area of the other.
5. The volumes of two similar cups are 64 cm3 and 343 cm3 respectively. Find
the ratio of their surface area.
6. A tank has volume of 2700 cm3 and surface area of 450 cm2. Find the
surface area of a similar tank whose volume is 6400 cm3
7. The heights of two similar cups are 10 cm and 15 cm resp. if the larger cup
has surface area of 108 cm2 and a volume of 405 cm3. Find the surface area
and volume of a smaller cup
8. A cone has radius of 7 cm and vertical height of 30 cm. Find its;
i)its volume
ii)the volume of another similar larger cone which has a linear scale factor
of 2.
9. The heights of two similar jugs are 6 cm and 8 cm resp. if the capacity of the
laeger jug is 252 cm3, find the capacity of the smaller jug
10.The areas of two similar triangles are 18 cm2 and 32 cm2 resp. if the height
of the smaller triangle is 6 cm, find the height of the larger triangle.
11. In the figure below PQ is parallel to MN. If KP : PM = 4 : 13, KN = 20.4
K
cm and PQ = 6.4 cm
P Q
M 8 N
Find the lengths of KQ and MN.
12.In the figure below BAC = DBC, BC = 8 cm, DB = 6 cm and DC = 4 cm

A
6 cm
A A
D 4 cm
Find the length of AD and AB

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SIMILARITY AND CONGRUENCE

Similar shapes are identical in shape but not in size

For any two similar shapes;

i) Ratio of length= linear scale factor (L.S.F)

ii) Ratio of areas = (L.S.F)2

iii) Ratio of volumes = (L.S.F) 3

The following properties apply to similar shapes;

i) Corresponding angles are equal as shown

ii)The ratios between corresponding sides are equal

1. In the figure below, PQ is parallel to BC

i)Show that triangles ABC and APQ are similar

(Hint: show that the triangles are equiangular)

ii) Write down the ratios between their corresponding sides

2. The triangle ABC and PQR below are similar

i) linear scale factor

iii) ratio of area of triangle ABC that of PQR

a) Find the lengths AP and QC

b) If the area of triangle APQ is 26.14 cm2, find the;

i) area of triangle ABC

ii)Area of trapezium PBCQ

4. In the figure below, MN is parallel to BC. MN = 14 cm and

In the figure above AB is parallel

a) Calculate the length of;

4. The heights of two similar tins are 10 cm and 15 cm respectively. If the

8. A cylinder of radius 2 cm has height of 3.5 cm is enlarged so that its volume

1. In the figure below DE is parallel to AB. AB= 15 cm , DE = 12 cm and AD

12.In the figure below BAC = DBC, BC = 8 cm, DB = 6 cm and DC = 4 cm

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