W1 L02-Environmental Acts and Standards

Physico-chemical processes for wastewater treatment
Lecture 2
Environmental Acts and Standards
Prof. Vimal Chandra Srivastava
Department of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
Roorkee, Uttarakhand
1
AGENCIES FOR MAKING ENVIRONMENT LAWS &
THEIR ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA
 In 1972, a National Council of Environment Planning and Co-ordination
was set-up at the Department of Science and Technology.
 Another committee was set-up in 1980 for reviewing the existing
legislations and administrative machinery for environmental protection
and for recommending ideas to strengthen the existing laws and
environmental agencies in India.
 In 1980, a separate Department of Environment was set-up which was
upgraded to full-fledged Ministry of Environment and Forests in 1985.
 Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) of
Government of India serves as the nodal agency for the planning,
promotion, making of environment laws and their enforcement in India.
2
Ministries related to Environment, Water, etc.
• Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

• Jal Shakti (Water)
– Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation
– Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga
Rejuvenation
• Rural Development
• Road Transport and Highways (including Waterways)
• Culture
3
AGENCIES FOR MAKING ENVIRONMENT LAWS & THEIR
ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA
• Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
• State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB)
• State Departments of Environment
• Union Territories (UT) Environmental Committees
• The Forest Survey of India
• The Wildlife Institute of India
• The National Afforestation and Eco-development Board
• The Botanical and Zoological Survey of India
• Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)
• Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA), etc.
4
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND RULES
 Major environmental laws dealing with protection of environment can
be dived into following categories:
• Water pollution • Animal welfare
• Air pollution • Wildlife
• Environment protection • Forest conservation
• Public liability insurance • Biodiversity
• National environment • Indian forest service
appellate authority
• National environment tribunal
Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2020

5
WATER POLLUTION
Major acts, rules and notifications under water pollution are as given
below:
i. Acts
a) No.6 of 1974, [23/3/1974] - The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act, 1974, amended 1988.
b) No.36 of 1977, [7/12/1977] - The Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Cess Act, 1977, amended 1992.
1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess
(Amendment) Act, 2003.
6
THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
POLLUTION) ACT, 1974
 This act provides for the prevention and control of water pollution and the
maintenance or restoration of wholesomeness of water.
 As such, all human activities having a bearing on water quality are covered
under this Act.
 Subject to the provisions in the Act, no person without the pervious consent of
the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) can establish any industry, operation
or any treatment and disposal system or an extension or addition there to
which is likely to discharge sewage or trade effluent into a stream or well sewer
or on hand and have to apply to the SPCB concerned to obtain the ‘consent to
establish’ as well as the ‘consent to operate’ the industry after establishment.
Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 7

THE WATER (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
POLLUTION) CESS ACT, 1977
 The main purpose of this Act is to levy and collect cess on water
consumed by certain categories of industry specified in the
schedule appended to the Act.
 The money thus collected is used by CPCB and SPCBs to prevent
and control water pollution.

Environment Protection Act, 1986
 After the Bhopal gas Tragedy, the Government of India enacted the
Environment Protection Act of 1986 under Article 253 of the Constitution.
 It was passed in May 1986, it came into force on 19 November 1986.
 Umbrella act related to Environment.
 The objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the
environment.
 It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section
3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all
its forms, and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to
different parts of the country.
 The Act was last amended in 1991.

Environment Protection Act, 1986
 Several rules relative to various aspects of management of hazardous
chemicals, wastes, etc. have been notified.
 Under this Act, Central Govt. has rusticated, prohibited location of industries
in different areas so as to safeguard the environment.
 Many standards for air emissions, discharge of effluent and noise have been
evolved and notified.
 Procedures, safeguards, prohibition and restriction on the handling of
hazardous substances along with the prohibition and restriction on the
location of industries in different areas have notified.

DUTIES OF INDIAN CITIZEN
 Legislations alone are not the remedy for environmental management, it is
the responsibility of all the citizens to strive to protect the environment for
the present and future generations since it is the fundamental duty of citizens
to protect and conserve the environment as enshrined in our Constitution.
 Virtually, environmental legislation is essentially a social legislation since
environmental degradation affects all of us. The criminal nature of pollution
offences have to be viewed seriously. Environmental legislation provides the
framework for punitive action against the offenders.
 Conservation, recycle, and reuse are the current trends observed in the
control of environmental pollution. Even though there may be law regarding
these aspects scattered in different Acts of Indian legislation, there is a need
for comprehensive Resource Conservation and Recovery Act today.
11
Cont.…
 It is not always necessary that Environmental degradation or danger
should occur to implement the law. One should always take steps
before such happenings.
 The problem of environmental degradation is a complex one which
requires multi-dimensional approach.
 There is dearth of environmental protection laws, but we need a firm
hand to implement them. Environmental education can play an
important role in negating the adverse impacts of pollution.
12
[SCHEDULE – VI] (Rule 3A)
GENERAL STANDARDS FOR DISCHARGE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTANTS PART-A : EFFLUENTS
Parameter (a) Inland (b) Public (c) Land for (d) Marine/ coastal areas
surface water sewers irrigation
Suspended 100 600 200 (a) For process wastewater: 100
solids, mg/L, (b) For cooling water effluent:
maximum 10 % above total suspended
matter of influent.
Particle size of shall pass 850 - - (a) Floatable solids, maximum 3
suspended micron IS mm
solids Sieve (b) Settleable solids, maximum
850 microns

Cont.…
Parameter (a) Inland (b) Public (c) Land for (d) Marine/ coastal
surface water sewers irrigation areas
pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
shall not
exceed 5°C
shall not exceed 5°C
above the
Temperature above the receiving
receiving
water temperature
water
temperature
Oil and
grease, mg/L, 10 20 10 10
maximum

Cont.…
Parameter (a) Inland (b) Public (c) Land for (d) Marine/
(maximum, mg/L) surface water sewers irrigation coastal areas
Total residual chlorine 1.0 - - 1.0
Ammonical N (as N) 50 50 - 50
Total kjeldahl N (as N) 100 - - 100
Free NH3 (as NH3) 5.0 - - 5.0
BOD (3 days at 27°C) 30 350 100 100
COD 250 - - 250
Arsenic (as As) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mercury (as Hg) 0.01 0.01 - 0.01
Lead (as Pb) 0.1 1.0 - 2.0
Cadmium (as Cd) 2 1.0 - 2.0

Cont.…
Hexavalent chromium 0.1 2.0 - 1.0
(as Cr6+)
Total chromium (as Cr) 2.0 2.0 - 2.0
Copper (as Cu) 3.0 3.0 - 3.0
Zinc (as Zn) 5.0 15 - 15
Selenium (as Se) 0.05 0.05 - 0.05
Nickel (as Ni) 3.0 3.0 - 5.0
Cyanide (as CN) 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2
Fluoride (as F) 2.0 15 - 15
Dissolved phosphates
5.0 - - -
(as P)
Cont.…
Sulphide (as S) 2.0 - - 5.0
Phenolic compounds (as
1.0 5.0 - 5.0
C6H5OH)
Radioactive materials:
10-7 10-7 10-8 10-7
(a) Alpha emitters μ curie
(b) Beta emitters μ curie 10-6 10-6 10-7 10-6
Manganese, mg/L 2 2 - 2
Iron (as Fe), mg/L 3 3 - 3

Cont.…
90% survival 90% survival 90% survival 90% survival of

of fish after 96 of fish after of fish after fish after 96
Bio-assay test
hours in 100% 96 hours in 96 hours in hours in 100%
effluent 100% effluent 100% effluent effluent
Vanadium (as V) 0.2 0.2 - 0.2
Nitrate Nitrogen 10 - - 20

WASTEWATER GENERATION STANDARDS
Industry Quantum
Integrated Iron & Steel 16 m3/tonne of finished steel
Sugar 0.4 m3/tonne of cane crushed
Pulp & Paper Industries
(a) Large pulp & paper
(i) Pulp & paper 175 m3/tonne of paper produced
(ii) Viscose Staple Fibre 150 m3/tonne of paper
(iii) Viscose Filament Yarn 500 m3/tonne of paper
(b) Small pulp & paper
(i) Agro-residue based 150 m3/tonne of paper produced
(ii) Waste paper based 50 m3/tonne of paper produced
WASTEWATER GENERATION STANDARDS
Industry Quantum
Fermentation Industries
(a) Maltry 3.5 m3/tonne of grain processed
(b) Brewer 0.25 m3/kL of beer produced
(c) Distillery 12 m3/kL of alcohol produced

LOAD BASED STANDARDS
Petroleum Oil Refinery
Parameter Quantum in kg/1000 tonne of crude processed
Oil & Grease 2.0
BOD (3 days, 27oC) 6.0
COD 50
Suspended Solids 8.0
Phenols 0.14
Sulphides 0.2
CN 0.08
Ammonia as N 6.0
TKN 16
Benzene 0.04
Benzo (a) –Pyrene 0.08
LOAD BASED STANDARDS
Petroleum Oil Refinery
Parameter Quantum in kg/1000 tonne of crude processed
P 1.2
Cr (Hexavalent ) 0.04
Cr (Total) 0.8
Pb 0.04
Hg 0.004
Zn 2.0
Ni 0.4
Cu 0.4
V 0.8

Cont.…
Large Pulp & Paper, News Print/Rayon grade plants of capacity above 24,000
tonne/annum
Parameter Quantum
Total Organic Chloride (TOCl) 2 kg/tonne of product

'Minimal National Standards' (MINAS) for Industries
• CPCB laydown specific standards for effluents discharged from the
industries.
• The standards laid down for treated effluent are such that: it is within the
techno-economic capability of that particular industry for taking anti-
pollution measures.
• These standards are termed 'Minimal National Standards' (MINAS).
• Under no circumstances, MINAS can relaxed as because the same is
techno-economically acceptable to the industry.
• On the contrary, at situations where the recipient environment demands
stricter quality of the effluent of the industry, the State Pollution Control
Boards are empowered to prescribe standard stricter than MINAS.
24
https://cpcb.nic.in/openpdffile.php?id=UHVibGljYXRpb25GaWxlLzk2XzE0NTY5OTY1MjVfUHVibGljYXRpb25fMjIwX3NlYzNfMjEucGRm
Coke-oven industries
Source: http://www.cpcbenvis.nic.in/scanned%20reports/PCL%204%20Environmental%20Standards.pdf
25
PRIMARY WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
• In India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has

developed a concept of "designated best use".
• According to which, out of several uses a particular water
body is put to, the use which demands highest quality of water
is called its "designated best use", and accordingly the water
body is designated.
• The CPCB has identified 5 such "designated best uses".
Source: CPCB, Guidelines for Water Quality Management, 2008 26

WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Designated-Best-Use Class Criteria
of
water
Source without • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100 mL ≤ 50
conventional • pH between 6.5 and 8.5
A
treatment but after • Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 6 mg/L
disinfection • BOD (5 days at 20oC) ≤ 2 mg/L
Outdoor bathing • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100 mL ≤ 500
(Organized) • pH between 6.5 and 8.5
B
• Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 5 mg/L
• BOD (5 days at 20oC) ≤ 3 mg/L
Source: CPCB, Guidelines for Water Quality Management, 2008.

Source: http://www.cpcb.nic.in/upload/NewItems/NewItem_97_guidelinesofwaterqualitymanagement.pdf accessed on January 19, 2012.
27
Cont…
Source after • Total Coliforms Organism MPN/100 mL ≤ 5000
conventional • pH between 6 to 9
C
treatment and • Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 4 mg/L
disinfection • BOD (5 days at 20oC) ≤ 3 mg/L
Propagation of • pH between 6.5 to 8.5
Wild life and D • Dissolved Oxygen ≥ 4 mg/L
Fisheries • Free Ammonia (as N) 1.2 mg/L or less
Irrigation, • pH between 6.0 to 8.5
Industrial Cooling, • Electrical Conductivity at 25oC (µmhos/cm):
Controlled Waste E Max. 2250
disposal • Sodium absorption ratio: Max. 26
• Boron: Max. 2 mg/L
28
ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT (EIA)
 Traditionally, industries and its basic components were designed based upon
technical and economic considerations only.
 Now, essential to consider environment, health and safety as factors
during design [Kiely, 1997].
 Environmental ethics is related to attitude of people towards other living
beings and environment [Vesiland et al., 1994].
 During any project, though it is essential that ‘economic sustainability’ is
attained; however, it is also essential that ‘ecological sustainability’ and
‘social sustainability’ are also attained.
29
Cont.…
 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) – A tool to assess the
environmental compatibility of the projects (in terms of their location,
suitability of technology, efficiency in resources utilization, etc).
 Measurement of sustainability in the context of the regional carrying
capacity.
 Provides conceptual framework for extending the cumulative
assessment of development policies, plans and projects on a regional
basis.
 A major instrument in decision making.
 EIA has now been made a prerequisite for the settling-up of new
projects and renewal of licenses of old and existing plants.
30
LIST OF PROJECTS OR ACTIVITIES REQUIRING PRIOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE
Table 1: Mining, extraction of natural resources and power generation (for a specified
production capacity)
Sl. No. Project or Activity Category with threshold limit Conditions if any
A B
1 Mining of minerals  50 ha. of mining lease area <50 ha General Condition shall apply
Asbestos mining irrespective Note
of mining area  5 ha .of mining lease Mineral prospecting (not involving
1(a) area. drilling) are exempted provided the
concession areas have got previous
clearance for physical survey
1(b) Offshore and onshore oil All projects Note
and gas exploration, Exploration Surveys (not involving
development & production drilling) are exempted provided the
concession areas have got previous
clearance for physical survey
Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986
31
Cont.…
1(c) River Valley projects (i)  50 MW hydroelectric (i) < 50 MW  25 General Condition shall
power generation; MW hydroelectric apply
(ii)  10,000 ha. of culturable
power generation;
command area (ii) < 10,000 ha. of
culturable command
area
1(d) Thermal Power Plants  500 MW < 500 MW General Condition shall
(coal/lignite/naphtha & gas (coal/lignite/naphtha apply
based); & gas based);
 50 MW (Pet coke diesel and <50 MW
all other fuels )  5MW (Pet coke
,diesel and all other
fuels)
1(e) Nuclear power All projects -
projects and
processing of nuclear
fuel
32
TABLE 2: PRIMARY PROCESSING
Sl. No. Project or Category with limit Conditions if any
Activity threshold
A B
2(a) Coal washeries  1 million ton/annum <1million General Condition shall apply
throughput of coal ton/annum (If located within mining area
throughput of the proposal shall be
coal appraised together with the
mining proposal)
2 (b) Mineral  0.1million ton/annum < 0.1million General Condition shall apply
beneficiation mineral throughput ton/annum (Mining proposal with
mineral Mineral beneficiation shall be
throughput appraised together for grant
of clearance)
33
TABLE 3: MATERIALS PRODUCTION
A B
3(a) Metallurgical a) Primary metallurgical industry
Sponge iron manufacturing General Condition shall
industries (ferrous & All projects <200TPD apply for Sponge iron
non ferrous) b) Sponge iron manufacturing
Secondary metallurgical processing industry manufacturing
≥ 200TPD i.) All toxic
c)Secondary metallurgical and heavy metal producing units
processing industry <20,000 tonne
All toxic and heavy metal /annum
producing units ii.) All other non –toxic
 20,000 tonne/annum secondary metallurgical processing
industries
>5000 tonne/annum
3(b) Cement plants  1.0 million tonne/annum <1.0 million tonne/annum production General Condition shall
production capacity capacity. All Stand alone grinding units apply
34
TABLE 4: MATERIALS PROCESSING
A B
4(a) Petroleum refining industry All projects - -
4(b) Coke oven plants 2,50,000 tonne/annum <2,50,000 & -
- 25,000 tonne/annum
4(c) Asbestos milling and All projects - -

asbestos based products
4(d) Chlor-alkali industry 300 TPD production capacity or a <300 TPD production capacity Specific Condition shall apply
unit located outside the notified and located within a notified
industrial area/ estate industrial area/ estate No new Mercury Cell based
plants will be permitted and
existing units converting to
membrane cell technology
are exempted from this
Notification
4(e) Soda ash Industry All projects - -
4(f) Leather/skin/hide New projects outside the industrial All new or expansion of Specific condition shall apply
processing industry area or expansion of existing units projects located within a
outside the industrial area notified industrial area/ estate
35
TABLE 5: MANUFACTURING/FABRICATION
Sl. No. Project or Activity Category with threshold limit Conditions
A B if any
5(a) Chemical fertilizers All projects - -
5(b) Pesticides industry and pesticide specific All units producing - -

intermediates (excluding formulations) technical grade
pesticides
5(c) Petro-chemical complexes (industries All projects - -
based on processing of petroleum fractions -
& natural gas and/or reforming to
aromatics)
5(d) Manmade fibres manufacturing Rayon Others General Condition
shall apply
5(e) Petrochemical based processing (processes Located outside the Located in a Specific Condition
other than cracking & reformation and not notified industrial area/ notified shall apply
covered under the complexes) estate industrial area/
- estate
36
Cont.…
5(f) Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye Located outside the notified Located in a notified Specific Condition shall apply
intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates industrial area/ estate industrial area/ estate
excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers;
basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic
chemicals and chemical intermediates)
5(g) Distilleries (i)All Molasses based All Cane juice/non- General Condition shall apply
distilleries molasses based distilleries
(ii) All Cane juice/ non- –
molasses based distilleries <30 KLD
30 KLD
5(h) Integrated paint industry - All projects General Condition shall apply
5(i) Pulp & paper industry excluding manufacturing of Pulp manufacturing and Paper manufacturing General Condition shall apply
paper from waste paper and manufacture of Pulp& Paper manufacturing industry without pulp
paper from ready pulp with out bleaching industry manufacturing
5(j) Sugar Industry -  5000 tcd cane crushing General Condition shall apply
capacity
5(k) Induction/arc furnaces/cupola furnaces 5TPH or - All projects General Condition shall apply
more
37
Table 6: Service Sectors
A B if any
6(a) Oil & gas transportation pipe line (crude All projects -
and refinery/ petrochemical products), -
passing through national
parks/sanctuaries/coral
reefs/ecologically sensitive areas
including LNG Terminal
6(b) Isolated storage & handling of - All projects General
hazardous chemicals (As per threshold Condition shall
planning quantity indicated in column 3 apply
of schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989
amended 2000)
38
Table 7: Physical Infrastructure including Environmental
Services
A B if any
7(a) Air ports All projects - -
7(b) All ship breaking yards including All projects - -

ship breaking units
7(c) Industrial estates/ parks/ If at least one industry in the Industrial estates housing at Special condition shall
complexes/ areas, export proposed industrial estate falls least one Category B industry apply
processing Zones (EPZs), Special under the Category A, entire and area <500 ha.
Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech industrial area shall be treated as Note:
Parks, Leather Complexes. Category A, irrespective of the Industrial estates of area> 500 Industrial Estate of area
area. ha. and not housing any below 500 ha. and not
Industrial estates with area industry belonging to Category housing any industry of
greater than 500 ha. and housing A or B. category A or B does
at least one Category B industry. not require clearance.
39
Cont.…
7(d) Common hazardous waste All integrated facilities having incineration All facilities having land fill only General Condition shall
treatment, storage and &landfill or incineration alone apply
disposal facilities (TSDFs)
7(e) Ports, Harbours  5 million TPA of cargo handling capacity < 5 million TPA of cargo handling General Condition shall
(excluding fishing harbours) capacity and/or apply
ports/ harbours 10,000 TPA of fish
handling capacity
7(f) Highways i) New National High ways; and i) New State High ways; and General Condition shall
apply
ii) Expansion of National High ways ii) Expansion of National/ State
greater than 30 KM, involving additional Highways greater than 30 km
right of way greater than 20m involving involving additional right of way
land acquisition and passing through greater than 20m involving land
more than one State. acquisition.
7(g) Aerial ropeway All projects General Condition shall
apply
7(h) Common Effluent All projects General Condition shall
Treatment Plants (CETPs) apply
7(i) Common Municipal Solid All projects General Condition shall
Waste Management apply
Facility (CMSWMF)
40
BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS/AREA DEVELOPMENT
PROJECTS AND TOWNSHIPS
A B if any
8(a) Building and Construction ≥ 20000 m2 and #(built up area for
projects < 1,50,000 m2 of built-up area# covered construction;
in the case of facilities
open to the sky, it will
be the activity area )
8(b) Townships and Area Covering an area ≥ 50 ha and or built ++All projects under
Development projects. up area ≥1,50,000 m2 ++ Item 8(b) shall be
appraised as Category
B1
41
Cont.…
General Condition (GC): Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’
will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km
from the boundary of:
(i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act,
1972.
(ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control
Board from time to time.
(iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas.
(iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries.
42
REFERENCES
 Pollution Control Law Series: Pollution Control Acts, Rules and
Notification Issued There under, Central Pollution Control Board,
Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India, 2021.
 www.moef.nic.in.
 www.moefroclko.org.
 http://www.cpcb.nic.in/upload/Latest/Latest_48_FINAL_AIR_ST
ANDARD.pdf.
 http://cpcb.nic.in/GeneralStandards.pdf
43
Thank You
44

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Physico-chemical processes for wastewater treatment

• Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2020

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 7

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 8

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 9

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 10

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 13

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 14

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 15

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 17

90% survival 90% survival 90% survival 90% survival of

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 18

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 20

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 22

Source: Pollution Control Law Series, 2021; www.moef.nic.in.; www.moefroclko.org. 23

• In India, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has

Source: CPCB, Guidelines for Water Quality Management, 2008 26

Source: CPCB, Guidelines for Water Quality Management, 2008.

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

4(c) Asbestos milling and All projects - -

5(b) Pesticides industry and pesticide specific All units producing - -

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

7(b) All ship breaking yards including All projects - -

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

Source: MoEF-EIA, 1986

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