n. iosebaSvili z.

beriZe
n. murakaSvili

s t a t i s t i k a
ekonomikaSi, biznessa
da menejmentSi

Tbilisi - 2010
2 3

naSromi eZRvneba Cveni maswavleblis Sesavali

profesor Saler benias naTel xsovnas.
statistikuri mecnierebis Tanamedrove meTodebi farTod
gamoiyebneba biznesis marTvis sferoSi. amis gamo aucilebelia
statistikis zogadi Teoriis aTvisebasTan erTad studentebma
naSromSi gaSuqebulia statistikis gamoyenebis Seiswavlon konkretuli praqtikuli meTodebi, romelTa
aqtualuri sakiTxebi. Teoriuli masala ganmtkicebulia gamoyenebiTac xdeba ekonomikisa da biznesis marTvis sferoSi
uaxlesi statistikuri informaciiT, amoxsnilia sanimuSo mimdinare movlenebisa da procesebis analizi.
magaliTebi da amocanebi. statistika kacobriobis arsebobis aseulobiT wlebis
manZilze yovelTvis iTvleboda saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis
ucilobel, efeqtur instrumentad.
wigni rekomendirebulia saxelmZRvanelod agraruli sabazro urTierTobebze gadasvliT kidev ufro
universitetis biznesi da marTvis specialobis gafarTovda misi gamoyenebis areali TiTeuli ojaxis,
studentebisaTvis. biznesmenis, menejeris, mecnieris da mkvlevaris statistikuri
informaciis sxva momxmareblebis mier, sxvadasxva saxis
gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas.
winamdebare damxmare saxelmZRvanelos Sinaarsi da
redaqtori: sruli profesori l. CiburdaniZe struqtura srulad Seesabameba saswavlo disciplinis
`statistika ekonomikaSi, biznessa da menejmentSi~- moqmed
recenzenti: asoc. prof. l nozaZe silabuss.
saxelmZRvanelos momzadebisas gamoyenebuli iqna bolo
wlebSi gamoqveynebuli statistikuri literatura da
uaxlesi statistikuri monacemebi.
imedi gvaqvs saxelmZRvanelo daxmarebas gauwevs
agraruli universitetis biznesi da marTvis specialobis
studentebs.
avtorTa koleqtivi siamovnebiT miiRebs da
gaiTvaliswinebs saxelmZRvanelos irgvliv gamoTqmul
SeniSvnebsa da winadadebebs.
4 5

Tema 1. mosaxleobis statistika a) demografiuli (sqesi, asaki, ojaxuri mdgomareoba),

b) eTnikuri (erovneba, mSobliuri ena),
socialur-demografiuli statistika, rogorc statistikuri g) ganaTlebis profesiuli saqmianobisa da sxva.
mecnierebis uZvelesi dargi, Seiswavlis mosaxleobisa da misi 3. mosaxleobis migraciis Seswavlas.
ganviTarebis kanonzomierebebs sazogadoebis ganviTarebis 4. mosaxleobis socialuri maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvras.
konkretul pirobebSi. amrigad, mosaxleobis statistikur maCvenebelTa gaangariSebis
mosaxleoba adamianTa erTobliobaa, romelic sazogadoebis ZiriTadi mizania qveynis konkretul teritoriaze, konkretul
materialuri da sulieri cxovrebis erTerTi aucilebeli droSi formirebuli demografiuli situaciis, misi ganviTarebis
elementia geografiul garemosa da materialuri dovlaTis Seswavla.
warmoebasTan erTad. mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnobaze, ra saWiroa socialur-demografiuli garemos Seswavla
struqturasa da dinamikaze, jandacvis mdgomareobasa da ganaTlebis ekonomikis, biznesisa da menejmentis ganviTarebisaTvis? ekonomika,
doneze didadaa damokidebuli sazogadoebaSi materialuri da biznesi da menejmenti mxolod xalxis normaluri cxovrebisa da
sulieri dovlaTis warmoebis ganviTareba. amitom statistika ganviTarebisaTvisaa saWiro. amitom mosaxleobis ricxovnobis,
Seiswavlis mosaxleobis ricxovnobas, Semadgenlobas Semadgenlobis, dinamikis, am safuZvelze moTxovna-miwodebis
(struqturas), agreTve, dinamikas drosa da sivrceSi. ganviTarebis, agreTve, cxovrebis donis, Semosavlebis, danaxarjebis,
mosaxleobis, rogorc rTuli erTobliobis Seswavla, mecnierebis, kulturis, ganaTlebis, jandacvis da qveyanaSi
SeuZlebelia misi sxvadasxva niSniT dajgufebis gareSe. iuridiul-ekonomikuri samarTlianobis Seswavlis gareSe
mosaxleobis statistikis ZiriTadi maCveneblebidan gamoyofen SeuZlebelia nebismieri swori ekonomikuri politikis gatareba da
demografiuli procesebisa da situaciebis Sefasebisa (romelis biznesmenuri, agreTve, menejmenturi gadawyvetilebis miReba.
Seqmnilia konkretul teritoriaze, konkretul drosa da amis garda, socialur-demografiuli situacia, biznes
sivrceSi) da maTi momavalSi ganviTarebis (prognozirebas) Semdeg garemos erTerTi mniSvnelovani indikatoria. aq ganixileba biznesis
maxasiaTeblebs. ganviTarebis garemos ganmsazRvreli iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa
demografiuli situaciebis maxasiaTeblebia: mosaxleobis bunebrivi da meqanikuri moZraoba, aqedan gamomdinare
1. mosaxleobis kvlavwarmoebis maCveneblebi. biznesisaTvis saWiro SromiTi resursebi, cxovrebis done da
2. mosaxleobis Semadgenlobis (struqturis) maCveneblebi. samuSao Zalis Rirebuleba, socialuri infrastruqtura
3. mosaxleobis ganaxlebisa da migraciis maCveneblebi. (ganaTleba, jandacva, sakanonmdeblo baza da samarTlianobis
calkeuli konkretuli kvlevebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia statistikis indikatorebi) da sxv.
mosaxleobis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva maCveneblebis miReba da sxvadasxva mosaxleobis statistikuri Seswavla misi ricxovnobis
amocanebis gadawyveta, magram, rodesac mosaxleobis statistikur SeswavliT iwyeba. mosaxleobis ricxovnobis informaciuli
aRweras awarmoeben, gamoyofen mosaxleobis statistikuri wyaroebia, pirvel rigSi, sayovelTao aRwerebi da Semdgom,
Seswavlis Semdeg ZiriTad amocanebs: aRweraTaSoris periodebSi, mosaxleobis bunebrivi da meqanikuri
1. mosaxleobis ricxovnobisa da misi qveynis teritoriebis moZraobis aRricxvis maCveneblebi. mosaxleoba xasiaTdeba iseTi
mixedviT ganlagebis gansazRvra. kategoriebiT, rogoricaa mudmivi, saxeze myofi, droebiT mcxovrebi
2. mosaxleobis ricxovnobisa da struqturis da droebiT wasuli mosaxleoba. mudmiv mosaxleobas miekuTvneba is
(Semadgenlobis) sxvadasxva niSnebiT Seswavla: pirni, romlebic mudmivad cxovroben, xolo saxeze myofT - vinc
6 7

aRweris kritikul momentSi imyofebian (miuxedavad imisa, isini n - welTa raodenoba.

cxovroben mudmivad Tu ara, mocemul dasaxlebul punqtSi). magaliTi. saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis ricxovnobam 1
droebiT macxovreblebs miekuTvneba saxeze myofi mosaxleobis ianvrisaTvis aTas kacebSi Seadgina Sesabamisad 2003-2008 wlebSi:
nawili, romlebic droebiT cxovroben mocemul teritoriaze, wlebi 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
magram mudmivi sacxovrebeli gaaCniaT sxva teritoriaze. maSasadame, mosaxleobis 4342,6 4315,2 4321,5 4401,3 4394,7 4382,1
mudmiv sacxovrebelze isini CaiTvlebian droebiT wasul ricxvi
mosaxleobad. Tu saxeze myofT davumatebT droebiT wasul da (aTasi kaci)
gamovaklebT droebiT macxovreblebs, miviRebT mudmiv mosaxleobas.
mosaxleobis ricxovrobis safuZvelze statistika angariSobs am monacemebiT 2003-2008 wlebSi saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis
mosaxleobis saSualowliur sidides, agreTve, struqturas da saSualowliuri ricxovnoba Seadgenda:
dinamikas.
Tu gvaqvs mosaxleobis ricxovnoba wlis dasawyissa da wlis
0.5  4342.6  4315.2  4321.5  4401.3  4394.7  0.5  4382.1
bolos, maSin saSualowliuri sidide SeiZleba martivad y 
davadginoT maTi jamis orze gayofiT. 5
magaliTi. mudmivi mosaxleobis ricxovnobam saqarTveloSi 4359,01 aTasi kacs
2007 wlis dasawyisSi Seadgina 4394,7 aTasi, xolo wlis bolos mosaxleobis ricxovnobis struqtura, anu Semadgenloba
4371,3 aTasi kaci. maSasadame saSualowliuri ricxovnoba Seadgens: Seiswavleba sxvadasxva niSniT. maT Soris mniSvnelovania eTnikuri
(erovneba, mSobliuri ena), demografiuli (sqesi, asaki, ojaxuri
4394,7  4371,3 mdgomareoba), socialuri (klasobrivi Semadgenloba), ekonomikuri
y  4383 aTasi kacs da profesiuli. struqturuli Semadgenloba gamoisaxeba CvenTvis
2 saintereso niSnis mqone (sqesi, asaki da a.S.) mosaxleobis
ricxovnobis procentuli SefardebiT mosaxleobis saerTo
Zalian xSirad mocemulia mosaxleobis ricxovnoba ramdenime ricxvTan.
wlis pirveli ianvrisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi mosaxleobis

saSualowliuri ricxovnoba y dadgindeba saSualo

qronologiuris gamoyenebiT:

1 1
y1  y 2  y3   y n
y 2 2
n 1
sadac y - aris saSualowliuri ricxovnoba;
y1 , y 2 , y3 ,, y n
- mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa TiToeuli
wlis pirveli ianvrisaTvis;
8 9

magaliTi. gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa bavSvebis da moxucebis sainteresoa agreTve mosaxleobis struqtura dasaqmebul
xvedriTi wili mTels mosaxleobaSi. adamianebze damokidebuli adamianebis raodenobis mixedviT anu e.w.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 damokidebulebis koeficienti.
0 dan 15 957,3 926,5 905,7 889,4 855,2 824,8
wlamde mosaxleoba 2003-2008 wlebis monacemebis mixedviT saqarTveloSi
(aTasi kaci) damokidebulebis koeficienti iqneba:
65 wlis 711,2 706,4 703,4 716,0 722,0 724,9
zeviT mosaxleoba 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
(aTasi kaci) 0 da 15 wlamde 1668,5 1632,9 1609,1 1605,4 1577,2 1549,7
sul mosaxleoba 4342,6 4315,2 4321,5 4401,3 4394,7 4382,1 da 65 wlis zeviT
(aTasi kaci) (aTasi kaci)
15 wlamde asakis 22.0 21.5 21.0 20.2 19.5 18.8
15-64 wlamde 2674,1 2682,3 2712,4 2795,9 2817,5 2832,4
mosaxl.
xvedriTi wili %
SromisunarianTa
65 wlis 16.4 16.4 16.3 16.3 16.4 16.5 ricxvi
zeviT mosaxl. (aTasi kaci)
xvedriTi wili % damokidebulebis 0.62 0.61 0.59 0.57 0.56 0.55
15 wlamde asakis mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili (struqtura) koeficienti
procentobiT Seadgens:
957.3 mTeli msoflios ganviTarebad qveynebSi damokidebulebis
2003 wels  100  22.0% koeficienti klebulobs, asevea saqarTveloSic. damokidebulebis
4342.6
maRali koeficienti niSnavs ekonomikuri zrdis nakleb potencials,
824.8
2008 wels  100  18.8% ganviTarebul qveynebSi damokidebulebis koeficienti mTeli
4382.1 msoflios masStabiT zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba.
mosaxleobis dinamikas qronologiuri TariRebis (Tveebi,
65 wlis zeviT mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili (struqtura) kvartlebi, wlebi da a.S.) mixedviT statistika swavlobs dinamikis
procentobiT Seadgens: SefardebiTi sidideebis gamoyenebiT. imave Cvens mier zemoT
mocemuli cifrebidan Cans, rom mosaxleobis ricxovnobis dinamikis
711.2 koeficientma 2003-2008 wlebSi Seadgina:
2003 wels  100  16.4%
4342.6
4382,1
KK   100  100,91
724.9 4342,6
2008 wels  100  16.5%
4382.1
10 11

rac niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi am wlebSi mosaxleobis KS )

ricxovnobas S -iT, maSin Sobadobis koeficienti (
raodenobam moimata TiTqmis 1 %-iT.
statistika Seiswavlis, agreTve, mosaxleobis bunebrivi da ganisazRvreba formuliT:
meqanikuri moZraobis maCveneblebs. N
KS  1000
mosaxleobis bunebrivi da meqanikuri moZraobis maCveneblebi S
mosaxleobis bunebriv moZraobas ganekuTvneba Sobadoba, mokvdaobis koeficienti:
sikvdilianoba, qorwineba, ganqorwineba da sicocxlis saSualo
M
xangrZlivobis cvlilebani. Km  1000
bunebrivi moZraobisagan gansxvavdeba migracia. migracia S
ewodeba mosaxleobis gadaadgilebas erTi teritoriuli adgilidan bunebrivi moZraobis koeficienti:
meoreze xangrZlivi an xanmokle periodiT, romelsac Tan axlavs N M 
mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis Secvla. sxvagvarad migracias K  1000  1000
mosaxleobis meqanikur moZraobas uwodeben. zogjer saqme gvaqvs
S S
bunebrivi moZraobis motanili SefardebiTi maCveneblebi
e.w. qanqarisebur migraciasTan, romlis qveS igulisxmeba adamianebis
agebulia mosaxleobis saerTo saSualowliuri ricxovnobis mimarT.
sistematuri wasvla da ukan dabruneba samuSaod an saswavleblad.
amitom maT sxvagvarad uwodeben saerTo koeficientebs. cxadia,
mosaxleobis bunebrivi da meqanikuri moZraoba rTuli
isini gansxvavdeba calkeuli asakobrivi, socialuri, sqesobrivi da
socialur-ekonomikuri procesia, romlis cifrobrivi daxasiaTebiT
sxva jgufebis mixedviT. Tu msgavs gaangariSebebs vawarmoebT
statistika iZleva SromiTi resursebis raodenobis, urbanizaciis
mosaxleobis aseTi struqturuli qvedanayofebis mixedviT,
(soflidan qalaqisaken mosaxleobis moZraoba) da sxva sakiTxebis
miviRebT e.w. bunebrivi moZraobis specialur koeficientebs.
Seswavlis saSualebas qveynisa da regionebis mixedviT. mosaxleobis
magaliTad, Sobadobis saerTo koeficientTan erTad metad
bunebriv moZraobas axasiaTebs Sobadobis, sikvdilianobis, bunebrivi
sainteresoa qalTa nayofierebis anu Sobadobis specialuri
matebis, qorwinebisa da ganqorwinebis absoluturi da SefardebiTi
koeficienti, romelsac angariSoben wlis manZilze dabadebulTa
maCveneblebi. absoluturi maCveneblebia wlis manZilze
ricxvis SefardebiT 15-49 (fertiluri) asakis qalTa
dabadebulTa, gardacvalebulTa da bunebrivi matebis (maT Soris
saSualowliur ricxvTan da 1000-ze gadamravlebiT. gamoyofen,
sxvaoba) ricxvi, xolo Tu am absolutur sidideebs aviRebT
agreTve, bavSvTa sikvdilianobis specialur koeficients, romelic
SefardebiT mosaxleobis 1000 sulze gaangariSebiT (promilebSi
sikvdilianobis saerTo koeficientebisagan gansxvavebiT
%0 ), miviRebT mosaxleobis bunebrivi moZraobis koeficientebs. es
gaiangariSeba mocemul wels 1 wlamde asakis gardacvlil bavSvTa
koeficientebi iZleva analizisa da sxvadasxva qveynebis, regionebis
ricxvis SefardebiT ara bavSvTa saSualo-wliur, aramed
urTierTSedarebis saSualebas.
dabadebulTa ricxvTan da 1000-ze gadamravlebiT. magram 1 wlamde
Tu wlis manZilze dabadebulTa ricxvs aRvniSnavT N N-iT, gardacvlilebidan nawili ekuTvnis mimdinare, nawili - gasul
gardacvalebulTa ricxvs M - M-iT, bunebrivi matebis absolutur wels dabadebulebs. xSirad dabadebulebidan 2 nawils miakuTvneben
mniSvnelobas  -Ti, xolo mosaxleobis saSualowliuri
mocemul wels dabadebulebs, maSin bavSvTa sikvdilianobis
specialuri koeficienti miiRebs aseT saxes:
12 13

m1
KM  1000 ZiriTadi demografiuli maCveneblebi
2 1
N1  N 0 (koeficientebi)
3 3
sadac:
K M - bavSvTa sikvdilianobis specialuri koeficientia, 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Sobadoba
m1 - 1 wlamde gardacvlil bavSvTa ricxvi, 10,7 11,5 10,7 10,9 11,2
(aTas kacze)
N 1 - mocemul wels dabadebulTa ricxvi, gardacvaleba
10,6 11,3 9,9 9,6 9,4
(aTas kacze)
N 0 - gasul wels dabadebulTa ricxvi.
1 wlamde
xSirad angariSoben, agreTve, ,,sicocxlianobis~ koeficients gardacvaleba
dabadebulTa ricxvis SefardebiT gardacvlilTa ricxvTan, 24,8 23,8 19,7 15,8 13,3
(aTas cocxlad
romelic gamoisaxeba procentebSi.
dabadebulze)
absoluturi da SefardebiTi maCveneblebiT xasiaTdeba,
agreTve, daqorwinebulTa da ganqorwinebulTa ricxvi. absoluturi
bunebrivi mateba
0,0 0,2 0,8 1,3 1,8
maCvenebelia daqorwinebulTa da ganqorwinebulTa ricxvi wlis (aTas kacze)
manZilze. Tu maT cal-calke gavyofT mosaxleobis saSualo mkvdradSobadoba
17,3 17,2 15,6 14,7 12,7
ricxvze da gavamravlebT 1000-ze, miviRebT daqorwinebis an (aTas dabadebulze)
ganqorwinebis saerTo koeficients. magram aseTi SefardebiTi qorwineba
maCveneblebis nakli isaa, rom ar iTvaliwinebs asakobriv da 2,9 3,4 4,1 5,0 5,7
(aTas kacze)
sqesobriv gansxvavebas. amitom angariSoben specialur ganqorwineba
koeficientebs cal-calke vaJebisa da qalebis, agreTve, fertiluri 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,5 0,5
(aTas kacze)
asakisaTvis.
mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia, agreTve, qorwinebis saSualo
rogorc statistikuri monacemebidan irkveva bolo wlebSi
xangrZlivoba, romelic miuTiTebs ojaxis simtkiceze da SeiZleba
saqarTveloSi SeimCneva ZiriTadi demografiuli maCveneblebis
gamoyenebul iqnes am movlenis saTanado analizisaTvis.
gaumjobeseba.
mosaxleobis bunebriv moZraobasTan erTad statistika
Seiswavlis, agreTve, migracias, anu mosaxleobis meqanikur
gadaadgilebas erTi qveynidan (regionidan) meore qveyanaSi
(regionSi). erTmaneTisagan ansxvaveben Siga (erTi qveynis an
regionis farglebSi) da gare (erTi qveynidan an regionidan
meoreSi) migracias. mosaxleobis moZraoba SeiZleba iyos ori
mimarTulebis: qveyanaSi an regionSi Camosvla (imigracia) da
14 15

qveynidan an regionidan wasvla (emigracia). maT Soris sxvaoba mosaxleobis perspeqtiuli ricxovnobis gaangariSebis
warmoadgens migraciis saldos, romelic gansazRvravs mosaxleobis meTodebi
meqanikur matebas an klebas mocemul regionSi.
mosaxleobis zemoTmotanili statistikuri maCveneblebi
weli gare migraciuli saldo axasiaTebs mimdinare da wasul periodSi mosaxleobis moZraobis
(aTasi kaci) suraTs. amasTan erTad biznesis, menejmentis da mTeli ekonomikis
1991-1998 -790.2 ganviTarebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba mosaxleobis
perspeqtiuli ricxovnobis gaangariSebas. mosaxleobis
1999 -36.1
perspeqtiuli ricxvonobis dasadgenad gvaqvs eqstrapolaciisa da
2000 -35.2 asakgadanacvlebis meTodebi. eqstrapolacia gulisxmobs warsul
2001 -32.6 periodSi mosaxleobis ricxovnobis cvalebadobis tendenciebis
2002 -27.8 gavrcelebas momavalze. aq SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes iseTi
2003 -27.5 maCveneblebi, rogoricaa mosaxleobis saSualowliuri zrdisa da
2004 5.5 matebis tempebi da sxv.
2005 76.3 mosaxleobis perspeqtiuli ricxovnoba saSualowliuri
absoluturi matebis gamoyenebiT SeiZleba gaangariSebul iqnes
2006 -12.1
formuliT:
2007 -20.7
2008 -10.2 St  S0  t 
2009 34.2 xolo saSualowliuri zrdis tempis gamoyenebiT:
St  S0 K
rogorc cxrilidan Cans saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis gare sadac,
migraciis saldo bolo wlebSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesda, rac
S t - mosaxleobis perspeqtiuli ricxovnobaa;
uTuod metyvelebs cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebaze.
migraciis maCveneblebi aris absoluturi (CamosulTa da S0
wasulTa ricxvi) da SefardebiTi. es ukanaskneli gaiangariSeba - sawyisi ricxovnoba perspeqtiuli periodis
absoluturi maxasiaTeblebis SefardebiT mocemul teritoriaze dasawyisisaTvis:
mcxovrebTa saSualo wliur ricxvTan da 1000-ze gadamravlebiT.  - mosaxleobis saSualowliuri absoluturi mateba
TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba gaviangariSoT migraciis mizezebis warsul periodSi;
(axali mSeneblobisaTvis muSaxelis organizebuli Segroveba,
axalgazrdobis saswavleblad wasvla da sxv.), sqesis, asakis,
K - saSualowliuri zrdis tempi;
erovnebisa da sxva niSnebis mixedviT. t - perspeqtiuli periodis xangrZlivoba wlebSi.
asakgadanacvlebis meTodi gulisxmobs TiToeuli asakobrivi
jgufisaTvis Sobadobis da sikvdilianobis koeficientebis
safuZvelze momdevno asakis mqone mosaxleobis ricxvis dadgenas.
16 17

mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis statistika uzrunvelyofda mosaxleobis keTildReobis ganzogadebuli

maCveneblebis formirebasa da praqtikaSi damkvidrebas.
mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis Seswavlisas statistikis ramdenime wlis winaT, gaeros ganviTarebis programaSi (1995w.)
winaSe dgas oTxi ZiriTadi amocana: 1) cxovrebis donis arsebuli mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis erTiani agregatuli maCveneblis
suraTis daxasiaTeba; 2) cxovrebis donis struqtura (adamianTa gaangariSebis nimuSis saxiT SemoTavazebul iqna adamianis
calkeuli kategoriebis, socialuri jgufebis, regionebis, agreTve, potenciuri ganviTarebis indeqsi (apgi), romelic Seadgens krebsiT
qalaqis, soflis da sxva niSnebis mixedviT); 3) mosaxleobis indeqss da moicavs 3 ZiriTad maCvenebels, romlebic asaxaven
cxovrebis donis dinamika qronologiuri TariRebis (Tve, kvartali, cxovrebis donis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs:
weli) mixedviT; 4) cxovrebis doneze moqmedi faqtorebis analizi. 1. axalSobilTa mosalodneli sicocxlis saSualo
ekonomikur literaturaSi ar arsebobs ”mosaxleobis xangrZlivobis maCvenebeli;
cxovrebis donis” erTmniSvnelovani ganmarteba, amasTan 2) ganaTlebulobis miRweuli donis maCvenebeli;
dakavSirebiT sadiskusioa sakiTxi, Tu romeli maCveneblebis 3) erT sul mosaxleze mTliani Sida produqciis (mSp)
gamoyenebaa mizanSewonili mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis realuri moculobis (dolarebSi, myidvelunarianobis
adekvaturi statistikuri asaxvisaTvis. analizis sawarmoeblad paritetis safuZvelze) maCvenebeli.
gaiangariSeba mTeli rigi maCveneblebi, romlebic Semdeg ZiriTad qvemoT ganvixilavT adamianis potenciuri ganviTarebis
blokebSia dajgufebuli: indeqsis (apgi) Semadgeneli TiToeuli maCveneblis indeqsi
_ mosaxleobs Semosavlebis maCveneblebi; gaiangariSeba Semdegi formuliT:
_ mosaxleobis gasavlebis, materialuri keTildReobisa da
momsaxurebis moxmarebis maCveneblebi; X i  X imin.
_ danazogebi; Ii 
_ dagrovili qonebis maCveneblebi da mosaxleobis binebiT X imaqs.  X imin.
,
uzrunvelyofa;
sadac
X i  i aris maCveneblis faqtobrivi mniSvneloba.
_ mosaxleobis Semosavlebis diferenciaciis, siRaribis donisa
da sazRvrebis maCveneblebi; X imin X imaqs.
_ socialur-demografiuli maxasiaTeblebi; da - Sesabamisad i – maCveneblis minimaluri
_ mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis Semajamebeli maCveneblebi. da maqsimaluri mniSvnelobebi.
mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis Sesafaseblad zemoT moyvanili kerZod:
statistikur maCvenebelTa sistemis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis 1. axalSobilTa mosalodneli sicocxlis saSualo
(Semosavali, moxmareba) gamoyeneba ver uzrunvelyofs Seswavlili xangrZlivobis maCveneblis indeqsis gamosaangariSeblad, sicocxlis
movlenebis Sesaxeb srul warmodgenas. aqedan gamomdinare, xangrZlivobis minimalur maCveneblad aiReba 25 weli, xolo
samecniero wreebSi mimdinareobs diskusiebi erTiani Semajamebeli maqsimalur maCveneblad _ 85 weli. maSin ”sicocxlis” indeqss
maCveneblis gaangariSebis meTodologiis SemuSavebis Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT gamoiangariSeben:
mizanSewonolobisa da aucileblobis Sesaxeb, romelTa Seqmnas X 1  25
I1 
mravali mecnieri skepticizmiT uyurebs. bunebrivia, es ar aris 85  25 .
erT-erTi urTulesi problema, romlis gadawyvetac
18 19


2. ganaTlebulobis miRweuli donis indeqsi ganisazRvreba gamoyenebiT. Tu
X X
3 3 , maSin realuri mSp-s moculobis
rogorc ori sub-indeqsis Sewonili saSualo ariTmetikuli: 1) indeqsis gaangariSebisas aiReba am maCvenebelTa faqtobrivi
mniSvneloba. mSp-s realuri moculobis minimalur maCveneblad erT
i21) 2
srulasakovan mosaxleobaSi ganaTlebulobis indeqsi ( 3 sul mosaxleze aiReba 100 dolaris myidvelobiTunariani pariteti
wiliT da 2) moswavleTa erToblivi wilis (dawyebiT, saSualo, (mup), xolo maqsimaluri diskontirebuli mniSvneloba aiReba 5448
dolaris myidvelobiTunariani pariteti.
i22 ) 1 maSasadame, erT sul mosaxleze mTliani Sida produqciis
umaRles saswavlo dawesebulebebSi) indeqsi ( 3 wiliT,
kerZod, realuri moculobis indeqsi gamoiangariSeba Semdegi maCvenebliT,
kerZod:
I 2  i21 2  i22 1 X 3  5448
3 3. roca dolarze, maSin
X 3  100
”codnis” indeqsis gamosaangariSeblad srulasakovan I3 
X imin. mniSvnelobad aiReba ”0”, 5448  100
mosaxleobaSi (15 wlisa da meti)
X imaqs.  100% X 3  5448 dolarze, maSin
. b) roca
moswavleTa erToblivi wilis indeqsi gamoiangariSeba 24 X 3'  100
welze naklebi pirebisaTvis, xolo wilis sazRvriTi mniSvneloba I3 
aiReba rogorc ”codnis” indeqsis gamoangariSebisas (e.i. 0 da 5448  100
100%).
3. erT sul mosaxleze mSp-is realuri moculoba gaiangariSeba zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, adamianis potenciuri
dolarebSi myidvelobiTi unarianobis protestis gaTvaliswinebiT ganviTarebis indeqsi (apgi) Seadgens
(mup), romlis koreqtirebac xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu qveyanaSi
faqtobrivi Semosavali 1 sul mosaxleze metia vidre sawyisi I1  I 2  I 3
I ad.p.gan.  .
maCvenebeli, romelic msoflioSi aRiarebulia rogorc saSualo 3
suladobrivi maCvenebeli. es maCvenebeli dReisaTvis Seadgens 5448 adamianis potenciuri ganviTarebis maCveneblis gaangariSebis
X3  meTodologia mudmiv srulyofas ganicdis. masSi jer kidev bevri
dolars, (e.i. 5448 dolari aris msyidvelobiTunarianobis
sadiskusio sakiTxia. sxvadasxva qveynebSi es sakiTxebi
paridetis safuZvelze gaangariSebuli erT sul mosaxleze mSp-is
sxvadasxvanairad wydeba, ase magaliTad amerikis SeerTebuli
realuri moculoba. Tu mocemul qveyanaSi faqtobrivi Semosavali
Statebis cxovrebis donis maCvenebelTa sistema 13 ganyofilebas
 
X3 X3 X3  X3 moicavs. esenia: garemomcveli sfero, demografiuli situacia,
( ) metia mis sawyis doneze ( ), e.i Tu maSin
dasaqmeba, Sromis pirobebi, TviT cxovrebis makroekonomikuri
gadametebis diskontirebas awarmoeben Sesabamisi formulebis
maCveneblebi (mTliani Sida produqti, erovnuli produqti da
sxva), socialuri uzrunvelyofa, jandacva, ganaTleba, sabinao
20 21

pirobebi, kultura, dasveneba da garToba, satransporto RirebulebaTa jami mosaxleobis erT sulze zogadad kargad
uzrunvelyofa, erovnuli Tavdacva, moqalaqeTa samarTlebrivi axasiaTebs cxovrebis dones. aseTnairad SeiZleba, agreTve
dacva. cxovrebis done, zogadad, qveynis masStabiT davaxasiaTod mTliani
amJamad yvela qveynisaTvis rekomendebulia gamosayeneblad erovnuli Semosavlis mixedviT mosaxleobis erT sulze.
gaeros mier SemuSavebuli maCvenebelTa sistema, romelic moicavs: cxovrebis Rirebulebis indeqsi SedarebiT Zveli maCvenebelia
1. mosaxleobis demografiul maxasiaTebels (Sobadoba, da mas amJamad zomaven samomxmareblo fasebis harmoniuli indeqsiT:
sikvdilianoba da sxva); 2. sanitarul-higienur pirobebs; 3.
sasursaTo saqonlis moxmarebas; 4. sabinao pirobebs; 5. ganaTlebasa
da kulturas; 6. Sromis pirobebsa da dasaqmebas; 7. mosaxleobis
Semosavlebsa da danaxarjebs; 8. sacxovreblis Rirebulebas da I
q p1 1

1
samomxmareblo fasebs; 9. satransporto
uzrunvelyofas; 10. dasvenebis organizacias; 11. socialur
saSualebebiT
iq p 1 1

uzrunvelyofas; 12. adamianis Tavisuflebas.

gaeros mierkve gamoyofilia sainformaciao ekonomikuri
maCveneblebi, romlebic uSualod cxovrebis dones ar axasiaTeben,
magram gamoiyeneba am ukanasknelTa gasaangariSeblad. maT sadac q1 - samomxmareblo saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
ganekuTvneba: erovnuli Semosavali, mTliani Sida produqti fizikuri moculobaa saangariSo periodSi;
mosaxleobis erT sulze, socialuri momsyaxurebis raodenoba da p1 - samomxmareblo saqonlis an momsaxurebis erTeulis
saxeebi, mosaxleobis simWidrove, kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebi, sabazro fasi an tarifia saangariSo periodSi;
beWdviTi sityva da sxva. i - calkeuli saxis samomxmareblo saqonlis fasis an
zemoT CamoTvlili maCveneblebidan SeiZleba gamovyoT zogadi
da kerZo indikatorebi. zogads SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT: 1. mTliani momsaxurebis tarifis individualuri indeqsia.
Sida produqti an mTliani erovnuli Semosavali mosaxleobis erT samomxmareblo saqonelSi gaerTianebulia ori jgufis
sulze; 2. cxovrebis Rirebulebis indeqsi; 3. mosaxleobis saqoneli: sasursaTo da arasasursaTo. pirvel jgufSi Sedis puri
msyidvelobiTi unarianobis indeqsi; 4. mosaxleobis potencialuri da puris produqtebi, xorci da xorcis produqtebi, rZe da rZis
ganviTarebis indeqsi; es maCveneblebi mTlei qveynisa da misi produqtebi, Tevzeuli, kartofili, xoli, bostneuli da sxva,
calkeuli regionebis mixedviT zogadad axasiaTeben mosaxleobis xolo meore jgufSi - fexsacmeli, tansacmeli, kulturul-
cxovrebis dones, xolo kerZo maCveneblebi (saSualo xelfasi, sayofacxovrebo da sameurneo saqoneli, msubuqi avtomanqanebi,
saSualo Semosavlebi, saSualo danaxarjebi, kvebis produqtebis aveji da sxva.
momsaxurebaSi Seitaneba satransporto, sabinao-komunaluri,
moxmareba, jandacvis, ganaTlebis, kulturis, iuridiuli
samarTlianobis) calkeuli indikatorebis mixedviT axasiaTeben kavSirgabmulobis, jandacvis, ganaTlebis da sxva uamravi saxis
cxovrebis donis ama Tu im mxares. mTliani Sida produqti, momsaxurebani.
romelic sabazro fasebSi gamosaxuli qveynis mocemul magaliTi. davuSvaT mocemul qveyanaSi, regionSi, qalaqSi da
teritoriaze warmoebuli produqciisa da momsaxurebis sxva teritoriul erTeulSi saangariSo periodSi gayiduli
Rirebulebaa Sualeduri moxmarebis gareSe anu damatebul
saqonlis da momsaxurebis saerTo Rirebulebam q p 1 1
Seadgina
22 23

406 aTasi lari. maT Sorisaa sasursaTo saqonelbrunvis moculoba saqoneli da momsaxureba SeiZinos. esec cxovrebis saerTo donis
- 200,0 aTasi, arasasursaTo - 180,0 aTasi, xolo momsaxurebis daqveiTebaze mianiSnebs.
Rirebuleba - 26,0 aTasi lari. sasursaTo saqonelze zemoT CamoTvlili maCveneblebis garda, gaeros eqspert-
samomxmareblo fasebi gaizarda 5%-iT, arasasursaToze - 20%-iT, specialistebi sxvadasxva qveynebis cxovrebis donisa da sxva
xolo momsaxurebis tarifebi ar Secvlila. rogor Seicvala miznebisaTvis, gvTavazoben integralur, sinTezur maCveneblebad
cxovrebis Rirebulebis indeqsi? gamoviyenoT erovnuli Semosavali, 50 wlis zemoT asakSi
gardacvlilTa wili gardacvlilTa saerTo ricxovnobaSi da

I
q p 1 1

200.0  180.0  26.0 
SinameurneobebSi sursaTze danaxarjebis xvedriTi wili.
sociologiur gamokvlevebSi Zalian xSirad iyeneben e.w.
1  1   1   1 
i q p 1 1  200.0    180.0     26.0   ,,daZabulobis~ indikators, romelsac sami ZiriTadi maCvenebliT
 1.05   1.20   1.0  angariSoben. esenia: samomxmareblo saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT
adamianTa moTxovnis dakmayofilebis xarisxi, danaSaulobaTa done,
1.105 social-politikuri, ekonomikuri, ekologiuri da sxva sakiTxebiT
ukmayofilo adamianTa wili. am maCvenebelTa (koeficientebis saxiT)
martivi saSualo ariTmetikulis gaangariSebiT adgenen
maSasadame, saangariSo periodSi sabaziso periodTan
,,daZabulobis indikatoris~ koeficientebs. Tu es koeficienti 0,4-
SedarebiT samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsma Seadgina 1,105, rac
0,8 farglebSia, eqspertebis azriT arsebobs socialuri
mianiSnebs cxovrebis Rirebulebis 10,5%-iT gaZvirebaze.
daZabuloba, 0,9-dan 1,4-mde, lokaluri konfliqtebia, 1,4-dan 2-mde
mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi unarianobis indeqsi
- regionSi socialuri afeTqeba, Tu 2-ze metia, maSin es
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis Sebrunebuli sididea da ase
metyvelebs masobriv socialur afeTqebaze.
gamoisaxeba:
mosaxleobis Semosavlebi da xarjebi
1
 i q1 p1 cxovrebis donis erTerTi mniSvnelovani
Semosavlebi, maTi struqtura da dinamika.
indikatoria
I
 q1 p1 mosaxleobis Semosavlebi aris is maqsimaluri Tanxebi,
romlebic garkveul periodSi SeiZleba daixarjos moxmarebaze da
imave dros periodis bolosaTvis SenarCunebul iqnas periodis
dasawyisSi arsebuli raodenobis kapitali.
Cvens zemoT motanil magaliTSi :
amJamad, statistika aRricxavs da aanalizebs Semdegi saxis
Semosavlebs: daqiravebuli Sromidan (xelfasi, premia, erTjeradi
1 daxmarebani da sxv.), TviT dasaqmebidan (mogeba da sxv.), soflis
I  0.904
1.105 meurneobis produqciis gayidvidan (sakuTar mamulSi moweuli
soflis meurneobis produqciis realizaciidan), qonebidan (qonebis
rac imas niSnavs, rom mosaxleobas fulis imave raodenobiT gaqiravebidan, procenti anabridan, wilidan, dividendebi aqciebidan,
saangariSo periodSi SeuZlia mxolod 9,6%-iT naklebi raodenobis procenti obligaciebidan, qira sakuTrebis gaqiravebidan da sxva).
24 25

ucxoeTidan miRebuli gzavnilebani (fuladi da arafuladi),

qonebis gayidvidan (binis, agarakis, sayofacxovrebo teqnikis,
saSualo Tviuri Semosavlebis ganawileba erT Sinameurneobaze wlebis mixedviT
manqanebis, miwis, pirutyvis da sxvaTa gayidvidan), axloblebisagan
lari
miRebuli fuli, pensiebi, stipendiebi, daxmarebani, fulis sesxeba
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
an danazogebis gamoyeneba, arafuladi Semosavlebi (sakuTari
fuladi Semosavlebi
moxmarebisaTvis warmoebuli, humanitaruli daxmarebis an da transfertebi 130,5 152,1 171,9 190,2 224,4 257,1 297,6 378,4
axloblebisagan miRebuli produqtebis Rirebuleba). daqiravebuli
cxovrebis doneze kargad metyvelebs saSualo Semosavlebi Sromidan 52,7 57,5 60,4 67,4 87,5 107,2 132,9 166,1
mosaxleobis erT sulze (gaiangariSeba mTliani Semosavlebis TviTdasaqmebidan
24,3 28,9 32,2 36,6 39,5 40,7 42,5 52,8
SefardebiT mosaxleobis ricxovnobaze), misi struqtura
soflis meurneobis
(gaiangariSeba Semosavlebis TiToeuli saxelobis moculoba produqciis
SefardebiT saSualo suladobriv maCvenebelze da 100-ze gayidvidan 21,4 28,9 30,8 34,3 32,1 32,2 27,2 30,4
gadamravlebiT, da dinamika (gaiangariSeba dinamikis SefardebiTi
qonebidan(gaqiravebidan,
sidideebis gamoyenebiT). procenti anabridan)
Sinameurneobis saSualoTviuri suladobrivi Semosavlebi (lari) 1,6 1,0 1,6 2,3 3,3 1,4 3,9 3,4
pensiebi, stipendiebi,
saqarTveloSi daxmarebebi 12,3 12,2 8,3 15,6 25,6 32,5 41,3 63,0
ucxoeTidan miRebuli
gzavnilebi 8,5 10,8 18,5 12,5 13,8 14,8 17,3 19,3
axloblebisagan
miRebuli fuli 9,6 12,8 20,1 21,6 22,7 28,2 32,7 43,4
arafuladi
Semosavlebi 92,8 92,4 88,0 87,5 79,1 81,7 74,1 86,7
Semosavlebi, sul 223,3 244,4 259,9 277,7 303,5 338,7 371,8 465,1
sxva fuladi
saxsrebi 18,6 44,4 41,7 42,7 43,2 46,7 50,4 72,2
qonebis gayidva 7,0 8,8 8,3 9,3 5,3 6,9 5,8 10,4
fulis sesxeba an
danazogis gamoyeneba
11,5 35,6 33,4 33,4 37,9 39,8 44,7 61,8
fuladi saxsrebi, sul 149,0 196,5 213,6 232,9 267,6 303,7 348,1 450,6
fuladi da
arafuladi saxsrebi,
sul 241,8 288,8 301,6 320,4 346,7 385,4 422,2 537,4
fuladi Semosavlebis
xvedr.wili % 58.43 62.2 66.2 68.5 73.9 75.9 80.06 81.35
arafuladi Semosavl.
xvedr.wili % 41.57 37.8 33.8 31.5 26.1 24.1 19.94 18.65
26 27

am maCveneblebis Sedareba saarsebo minimumTan gvaZlevs

warmodgenas cxovrebis doneze. Tu am absoluturi
maCveneblebiT gaviangariSebT struqturas, miviRebT, rom fulad
Semosavlebs saerTo SemosavlebSi eWira 2001 wels 58.43%, saSualo Tviuri xarjebis ganawileba erT Sinameurneobaze wlebis mixedviT
lari
xolo 2009 wels 81.35 % amave wesiT dadgindeba arafuladi
Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili. miviRebT Sesabamisad 41,57% 2001 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

w. 18,65% - 2009 w. am safuZvelze SeiZleba gavakeToT daskvna samomxmareblo

fuladi xarjebi
imis Sesaxeb, rom izrdeba fuladi Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili 201,8 216,7 219,8 245,7 265,4 289,6 322,6 386,2

da mcirdeba arafuladi Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili sursaTze, sasmelze,

Tambaqos nawarmze
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis saSualosuladobriv Tviur 106,7 113,0 116,8 131,6 133,9 146,6 155,7 177,5
tansacmelsa da
SemosavlebSi, rac saqarTveloSi sabazro movlenebis fexsacmelze 12,2 12,4 13,3 14,5 14,9 15,1 15,3 17,7
ganviTarebiT aixsneba. dinamikis SefardebiTi sididis saojaxo moxmarebis
gamoyenebiT 2001-2009 wlebSi Semosavlebi saqarTvelos saqonelze 25,6 7,6 7,6 9,1 9,7 10,3 12,3 13,8
SinameurneobebSi gaizarda 465.1/223.3=2.08 -jer anu 208 %-iT. janmrTelobis dacvaze 11,5 15,7 13,8 15,3 19,5 23,4 27,6 38,2
saTbobsa da
es ki metyvelebs cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebaze. eleqtroenergiaze 17,1 20,0 20,0 21,8 26,1 29,9 36,3 46,6
SemosavlebTan erTad cxovrebis dones axasiaTebs, agreTve, transportze 12,4 25,7 22,2 23,5 27,0 26,8 30,0 39,5
mosaxleobis danaxarjebi, maTi struqtura da dinamika.
ganaTleba, kulturasa
mosaxleobis xarjebSi Tanamedrove periodSi aRiricxeba, da dasvenebaze
7,3 13,3 6,2 6,6 7,9 9,4 12,8 13,5
rogorc fuladi (sursaTis, sasmelis, Tambaqos nawarmis, sxva samomxmareblo
tansacmlis, fexsacmlis, saojaxo momsaxurebis, jandacvis, xarjebi 9,2 9,1 19,9 23,1 26,5 28,1 32,6 39,3
saTbobisa da eleqtroenergiis, transportis, ganaTlebis, arafuladi xarjebi 92,8 92,4 88,0 87,5 79,1 81,6 74,1 86,6
samomxmareblo xarjebi,
kulturisa da dasvenebis, transfertis, danazogis, sasoflo- sul 294,6 309,1 307,8 333,2 344,6 371,2 396,8 472,8
sameurneo qonebis SeZenis), ise arafuladi (naturiT
arasamomxmareblo
momsaxurebis) xarjebi. fuladi xarjebi
27,2 50,1 49,7 45,9 38,0 42,1 46,6 62,9
xarjebis moculoba mosaxleobis erT sulze, misi sasoflo-sameurneo
struqtura da dinamika metyvelebs cxovrebis doneze. xarjebi 5,8 7,1 6,6 6,5 7,3 6,8 8,5 9,3
transfertebze 0,7 5,7 9,1 9,4 9,4 10,3 12,4 12,6
dazogvaze an gasesxebaze 20,6 23,2 26,1 22,7 13,7 19,1 21,3 31,5
qonebis SeZenaze
0,0 14,2 7,9 7,4 7,6 6,0 4,4 9,5
fuladi xarjebi, sul 228,9 266,8 269,5 291,6 303,4 331,7 369,2 449,0
xarjebi, sul 321,7 359,1 357,5 379,1 382,6 413,4 443,4 535,7
28 29

saqarTvelos SinameurneobebSi erT Sinamerneobaze

Tviuri danaxarjebi 2001-2008 wlebSi gaizarda mTlianad
K   pi qi 1   pi 1qi
294.6 laridan 472.8 laramde anu 1,605-jer (60.5%-iT).
zemoT CamoTvlili maCveneblebi axasiaTeben cxovrebis pi
dones saerTod qveyanasa da mis calkeul regionebSi. magram sadac: im mosaxleobis xvedriTi wilia (nazardi
isini warmodgenas ver gviqmnian calkeuli fenebis cxovrebis koeficientebis saxiT), romlebsac gaaCniaT mocemuli i -uri
doneTa Soris gansxvavebebze. amitom statistika swavlobs jgufis araumetes maqsimaluri mniSvnelobis toli Semosavali;
Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis diferenciaciis anu cxovrebis qi
doneebis (mdidrebis, saSualo macxovreblebis, Raribebisa da -uri jgufis Semosavlebis xvedriTi wilia
Ratakebis) mixedviT am indikatorebis gansxvavebulobis mosaxleobis mTlian SemosavlebSi (nazardi koeficientebis
process. saxiT).
gansxvaveba ekonomikurad metad da naklebad
uzrunvelyofili mosaxleobis cxovrebis doneTa Soris
kontrastuli rCeba, agreTve, ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis magaliTi (cifrebi pirobiTia).
mqone qveynebSic. amJamad, mdidarTa 20%-is Semosavlebis
moculoba naklebad uzrunvelyofili mosaxleobis 20%-is saSualoTviuri mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili
Semosavlebs aWarbebs TurqeTSi 16-jer, avstraliaSi, axal Semosavlebi erT ricxvi %
zelandiasa da portugaliaSi - 8-9-jer, amerikis SeerTebul sulze (lari) mln. kaci
StatebSi, italiaSi, safrangeTSi, fineTsa da daniaSi - 300 -mde 1.9 42.22
saSualod 7-jer, belgiaSi, iaponiaSi, niderlandebSi, did
300-350 1.4 31.11
britaneTsa da espaneTSi - saSualod 5-jer da ufro metad.
saqarTveloSi mdidrebis bolo deciluri jgufis 350-400 0.9 20.00
Semosavlebi da danaxarjebi daaxloebiT 40-jer aWarbebs 400-zevi 0,3 6.67
Raribebis pirveli deciluri jgufis Sesabamis maCvenebels. es sul 4.5 100,0
imas niSnavs, rom jerjerobiT saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis
mdidarTa ekonomikuri mdgomareoba Seudareblad gansxvavebulia
RaribTa mdgomareobisagan. SevadginoT saangariSo cxrili.
mosaxleobis Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis
diferenciaciis gasazomvad msoflio statistikur mecnierebaSi
mravali indikatoria SemuSavebuli. aqedan yvelaze
gavrcelebulia koncentraciis korado jinis koeficienti. is
gaiangariSeba formuliT:
30 31

mosaxleobis Semosavlebisa da ricxovnobis xvedriTi izrdeba 2005 w.-0,44 2006 w.-0,45 2007 w.-0,46 da 2008
wilebis nazardi jamebi w.-0,48 rac cxadia cxovrebis uTanabrobaze metyvelebs.
saSualo- mosaxleobis xvedriTi wilebis cxovrebis donis maCveneblebidan mniSvnelovania, agreTve,

Semosavlebis
xvedriTi wili
Tviuri mTliani nazrdi jami siRaribis indikatorebi. maTgan aRsaniSnavia siRaribis done,
ricxvimln. kaci

xvedriTi wili
Semosavlebi Semosavlebi mosaxl. Semosavle-
siRrme da simwvave.
mosaxleobis

ricxovnobis
erT sulze jgufebis da ricxvis bis
(lari) saerTo mixedviT mixedviT siRaribis maCvenebelTa garkvevamde, saWiroa vicodeT

mosaxl.
ricxovnobis cneba sasursaTo minimumi (kalaTa), samomxmareblo minimumi
mixedviT (kalaTa) da sacxovrebeli minimumi anu saarsebo minimumi,
lari
275.0 1.9 522.5 0.42 0.36 0.42 0.36
medialuri da modaluri moxmareba. am ukanaskneli
325.0 1.4 455.0 0.31 0.32 0.73 0.68 aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi msoflio ekonomikur-statistikur
375.0 0.9 337.5 0.20 0.23 0.93 0.91 literaturaSi siRaribis cnebis mravalnairi ganmarteba
425.0 0.3 127.5 0.07 0.09 1.0 1.0 ganixileba. aqedan yvelaze gavrcelebulia ganmarteba, romelic
sul 4.5 1442.5 1.0 1.0 - -
siRaribis qveS ara marto materialur, aramed sulier
faqtorebsac gulisxmobs.
maSasadame
p1  0.42 p2  0.73 p3  0.93 am safuZvelze ganmarteba SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT:
siRaribe aris Semosavlebis (fuladi da arafuladi) ukmarisoba
p4  1.0 adamianis fiziologiuri da sulieri arseboba-ganviTarebisaTvis
q1  0.36 q2  0.68 q3  0.91 q4  1.0 saWiro minimalurad aucilebel materialur RirebulebaTa da
CavsvaT zemoT motanil formulaSi miRebuli sidideebi. momsaxurebis moxmarebisaTvis.
gveqneba am ganmartebidanac Cans, rom siRaribe SefardebiTi
kategoriaa da gansxvavebulia qveynebis mixedviT. magaliTad,
msoflio bankis monacemebiT, Raribad iTvleba pirovneba,
K   pi qi1   pi1qi  romelsac dReSi 4 dolarze naklebi Semosavali gaaCnia.
0.42  0.68  0.73  0.91  0.93 1.0  saqarTveloSi ki amJamad aseTi Semosavali didad aWarbebs
saarsebo minimums da saTanado pirovnebac saSualo
0.73  0.36  0.93  0.68  1.0  0.91  0.075 macxovreblad iTvleba.
sasursaTo minimumi (kalaTa) ewodeba kvebis produqtebis
jinis koeficienti (Semosavlebis koncentraciis im nakrebs, rac fiziologiuri normebis, maTi kaloriulobisa
maCvenebeli) gviCvenebs Semosavlebis faqtobrivi ganawilebis da sabazro fasebis mixedviT, minimalurad mainc saWiroa
gadaxras maTi Tanabari ganawilebis xazidan. Tanabari adamianis fizikuri arsebobisa da sicocxlisunarianobis
ganawilebisas jinis indeqsi nulis tolia, absoluturi SesanarCuneblad. kvebis produqtebze anu sursaTze (puri da
uTanabrobisas ki – erTis. puris produqtebi, xorci da xorcis produqtebi, rZe da rZis
saqarTveloSi ukanasknel periodSi jinis koeficienti produqtebi, Saqari, xili da baRCeuli) moxmarebis
mTliani Semosavlebis (da agreTve mTliani xarjebis) mixedviT fiziologiur normebs gansazRvravs samedicino samecniero-
32 33

kvleviTi institutebi mocemul qveyanaSi adamianTa asakobrivi, es koeficientia 0,84. amis msgavsad gvaqvs bavSvebisaTvis,
sqesobrivi, cxovrebis bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis, zne- moxucebisaTvis da a.S. am indikatorebis safuZvelze dgindeba,
Cveulebebis, tradiciebis, kulturisa da sxvaTa agreTve, sxvadasxva suladobis ojaxebis saarsebo minimumebi.
gaTvaliswinebiT. sasursaTo minimumis (kalaTas) mimatebuli amis garda siRaribis gasazomvad gamoiyeneben, agreTve,
arasasursaTo saqonlis moxmareba da gaweuli momsaxurebis medianur da modalur moxmarebasac, romlebsac siRaribis
Rirebuleba Seadgens samomxmareblo kalaTas (minimums), xolo SefardebiT zRvars uwodeben.
amas damatebuli sxvadasxva gadasaxadebi da Sesatanebi, miviRebT medianuri moxmareba moxmarebis sididea, romlis zemoT
sacxovrebel anu saarsebo minimums. saarsebo minimums xSirad moxmareba gaaCnia mosaxleobis 50%-s, xolo qveviT, agreTve,
siRaribis absolutur zRvarsac uwodeben. 50%-s.
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri moxmarebis modaluri - yvelaze gavrcelebuli moxmarebaa mocemuli
fiziologiuri normebis safuZvelze, pirvel rigSi, angariSobs qveynis mosaxleobaSi.
sasursaTo minimums, xolo danarCens saarsebo minimums siRaribis statistikuri maCveneblebia: siRaribis done,
(arasasursaTo saqonlis, agreTve, momsaxurebis, gadasaxadebis siRrme da simwvave.
da sxvaTa moculobas) adgens im Tanafardobidan gamomdinare, siRaribis done ewodeba Raribi mosaxleobis xvedriTi
romelic ukve praqtikulad Camoyalibebulia mocemul wils mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnobaSi. es SeiZleba
periodSi. magaliTad, dRes saqarTveloSi sursaTisa da sxva gaviangariSoT formuliT:
samomxmareblo RirebulebaTa Soris Tanafardoba saqarTveloSi
Seadgens 0,4 : 0,6-s. es imas niSnavs, rom SinameurneobaTa q
SerCeviTi gamokvlevebiT mosaxleobis mTliani danaxarjebis K
40% sursaTze modis. magaliTi: Tu sasursaTo kalaTis
n
Rirebulebam Seadgina TveSi 100 lari, maSin danarCeni
Rirebulebis moculoba saarsebo minimumamde, gaiangariSeba K - siRaribis done anu RaribTa xvedriTi wilia mTels
martivi proporciiT: mosaxleobaSi;
0,4 - 100 lari q - Raribebis ricxovnoba;
0,6 - X lari
n - mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnoba;
100  0.6 amasTan Raribad iTvleba mosaxleobis is kategoria,
X  150 lars romelsac saarsebo minimumze naklebi Semosavali aqvs.
0.4 siRaribis done zogadad axasiaTebs mocemul qveyanaSi
aqedan cxadia, rom saarsebo minimumi Seadgens
RaribTa xvedriT wils. magram Raribebis mTeli kontigentidan
100+150=250 lars.
yvela erTnairi cxovrebis donis araa. zogierTi maTgani
aseTnairad, pirvel rigSi, angariSoben Sromisunariani
axlosaa Tavisi SemosavlebiT siRaribis zRvarTan. isini
mamakacis saarsebo minimums, xolo danarCeni kategoriisaTvis
SesaZlebelia sul mokle xanSi gadascildes mas da saSualo
gamoiyeneba Sromisunariani mamakacis mimarT dadgenili
macxovrebelTa zonaSi gadavidnen. amitom statistika
normativebi koeficientebis mixedviT. magaliTad, qalebisaTvis
34 35

angariSobs, agreTve, siRaribis siRrmes. es maCvenebeli 2

1 q  z  yi 
axasiaTebs siRaribis zRvridan (saarsebo minimumidan)
Semosavlebis mixedviT Raribebis daSorebis saSualo manZils
p2    
da gaiangariSeba formuliT:
n i 1  z 

q siRaribis ufro Rrma analizisaTvis am maCveneblebs

 z  y  i
angariSoben ara marto saarsebo minimumis anu siRaribis
absoluturi zRvris mimarT, aramed medianuri moxmarebis
p1  i 1
(SefardebiTi zRvris) 60 da 40 procentis mimarT. es
nz ukanasknelni gviCvenebs RaribTa qveda fenebis (Ratakebis)
ekonomikur mdgomareobas, rac socialuri politikis
sadac
gatarebis safuZvelia.
p1 - siRaribis siRrme;
z - saarsebo minimumia mocemul periodSi;
siRaribis statistikis maCveneblebi saqarTveloSi
yi i
- Raribi mosaxleobis -iuri wevris moxmarebis (an siRaribis maCveneblebi %
Semosavlis sidide); 2005 2006 2007 2008
n - mosaxleobis ricxovnoba mocemul qveyanaSi, siRaribis done
medianuri moxmarebis 40 %-is 24.1 23.3 21.3 22.1
regionSi. mimarT
formulis mricxveli asaxavs Raribebis moxmarebis medianuri moxmarebis 60 %-is 10.1 9.4 9.2 9.5
saerTo moculobas, rac maT saarsebo minimumamde anu siRaribis mimarT
zRvramde misaRwevad sWirdebaT, xolo mniSvneli - mTeli siRaribis siRrme
medianuri moxmarebis 40 %-is 7.6 7.2 6.9 7.0
mosaxleobis saarsebo minimumis donis saerTo moxmarebaa.
mimarT
es maCvenebelic araa srulyofili indikatori, imdenad, medianuri moxmarebis 60 %-is 3.1 2.8 2.7 2.7
ramdenadac gamokvlevis miRma rCeba TviT RaribTa Soris mimarT
cxovrebis donis gansxvavebuli suraTi. amsitom statistikis siRaribis simwvave
Teoriasa da praqtikaSi SemoRebulia mesame maCvenebeli - medianuri moxmarebis 40 %-is 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.2
mimarT

siRaribis simwvave
p2 is gaiangariSeba Semdegi formuliT:
medianuri moxmarebis 60 %-is 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2
mimarT

saqarTveloSi 2005-2008 wlebSi, rogorc, siRaribis

saerTo done aseve siRaribis siRrme da siRaribis simwvave
36 37

medianuri moxmareba 40%-is da 60%-is mimarT SesamCnevad momnelebeli organoebis daavalebebi, agreTve, ubeduri
klebulobs. rac niSnavs cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas. SemTxvevebi da mowamlva, infeqciuri da parazituli daavadebebi
da sxva) mWirdro urTierTkavSirSi. ganixileba TiToeuli
daavadebis mixedviT gardacvlilTa ricxvi, maTi dinamika
jandacvis (samedicino) statistika wlebis mixedviT da struqtura calkeuli mizezebis mixedviT.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom saerTaSoriso statistikis mixedviT 1
cxovrebis donisa da siRaribis portretis maCvenebelia, wlamde bavSvTa asakis kontigentSi CaiTvleba yvela bavSvi
agreTve, janmrTelobis dacvis mdgomareoba qveyanasa da mis (miuxedavad wonisa, sigrZisa da dedis fexmZimobis
calkeul regionebSi. zogjer samedicino statistikas xangrZlivobisa), romelmac dedis organizmidan sruli
sanitarul statistikasac uwodeben. statistikis es dargi mocilebis Semdeg gamoavlina sicocxlisunarianobis Tvisebebi
samedicino movlenebisa da procesebis raodenobriv mxares (ara marto sunTqva, aramed sicocxlis yovelgvari sxva niSnebi:
Seiswavlis Tvisebriv mxaresTan mWidro kavSirSi konkretul guliscema, pulsacia da sxva). bavSvTa asakSi sivdilianobis
drosa da sivrceSi. mis amocanebSi Sedis mosaxleobis mizezebSi statistika sxva saerTo faqtrebTan erTad gamoyofs,
daavadebaTa, sikvdilianobis, invalidobis, adamianis fizikuri agreTve, anomaliurad dabadebulebs da ganixilavs maT rogorc
ganviTarebis, jandacvis dawesebulebebisa da samedicino saerTo ricxovnobis, agreTve, struqturisa da dinamikis
kadrebis moculobis, struqturis, dinamikisa da maTze moqmedi mixedviT.
faqtorebis statistikuri Seswavla. amisTvis statistika samedicino statistikis erTerTi mniSvnelovani ubania
iyenebs mis xelT arsebul mosaxleobis janmrTelobis, jandacvis, samedicino momsaxurebis, sawarmoo travmatizmisa da
jandacvis, klinikuri statistikis, garemo samyaros klinikuri procesebis raodenobrivi Seswavla. jandacvasa da
mdgomareobisa da sxva maCveneblebs. samedicino momsaxurebas axasiaTebs samedicino momsaxurebasTan
mosaxleobis jandacvis mdgomareobas axasiaTebs rogorc dakavSirebuli Semosavlebi da danaxarjebi, samedicino
demografiuli (sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba, mokvdaobis momsaxurebiT mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa da samedicino
saerTo da specialuri koeficientebi da sxv.), ise sakuTriv dawesebulebebis gamoyenebis maCveneblebi. maCvenebelTa pirvel
avadobis maCveneblebi. amJamad sicocxlis mosalodneli jgufSi Sedis jandacvaze gaweuli danaxarjebis moculoba,
saSualo xangrZlivoba saqarTveloSi Seadgens mamakacebisaTvis maTi Sefardeba mTlian Sida produqtTan da mosaxleobis
69, xolo qalebisaTvis 75 wels, rac garkveulwilad adamianTa ricxovnobasTan, samedicino personalis xelfasi, danaxarjebi
janmrTelobis mdgomareobaze metyvelebs. samedicino samedicino aparaturis SeZena-eqsploataciaze da a.S.
statistika gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs 1 wlamde maCvenebelTa meore jgufs ganekuTvneba stacionaluri
bavSvebisa da 1-14 wlebSi mozardTa sikvdilianobis Sesawvlis (saavadmyofoebis, sawolTa raodenobis, eqimTa raodenobis)
(sikvdilianobis anu mokvdaobis absoluturi da SefardebiTi dawesebulebebiT, agreTve, ambulatoriul-poliklinikuri
maCveneblebis gaangariSebis meTodebi ukve cnobilia wina (dawesebulebebis saerTo raodenoba, maTi Sefardeba
masalidan). samedicino statistika mokvdaobis saerTod da mosaxleobis ricxovnobasTan, am dawesebulebebSi eqimTa
kerZo maCveneblebs ganixilavs sikvdilianobis mizezebTan raodenoba, maT mier avadmyofebis miReba da a.S.) momsaxurebiT
(sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis, sasunTqi gzebis, saWmlis mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofis xarisxi. maCvenebelTa mesame
38 39

jgufs axasiaTebs jandacvis dawesebulebebSi avadmyofTa movla narkotikuli nivTierebebisa da alkoholuri sasmelebis
da mkurnaloba (hospitalizebul avadmyofTa saSualowliuri moxmarebis SemTxvevebs. mniSvnelovani amocanebi dgas, agreTve,
ricxovnoba, stacionarSi avadmyofis yofnis xangrZlivoba, klinikuri statistikis winaSe, romelic korelaciur-
poliklinikuri mkurnalobisaTvis avadmyofTa saSualowliuri regresiuli analizis safuZvelze miznad isaxavs daadginos
ricxvi da sxva). statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris mkuvrnalobis Catarebuli cdebi ramdenad sakmarisia miRebuli
informaciia: Sedegebis mixedviT kanonzomierebaTa dasadgenad da Sesabamisi
meTodis gasavrceleblad.
janmrTelobis dacvis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi
saqarTveloSi moraluri statistika

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 cxovrebis doneze metyvelebs, agreTve, moraluri
eqimebis ricxovneba 21.0 21.4 20.3 20.6 20.0 20.3 statistikis maCveneblebic. igi Seiswavlis rogor sasamarTlo
(aTasi kaci) (danaSaulebani, samoqalaqo an administraciuli
mosaxleobis 10000 48.4 49.6 46.6 46.7 45.5 46.3 samarTaldarRvevebi, kanondarRvevebi da sxv.), ise
kacze samarTalgareSe, moraluri movlenebis (alkoholizmi,
saavadmyofoTa ricxvi 248 246 242 244 245 244 narkomania, prostitucia da sxv.) raodenobriobas Tvisebriv
saavadmyofoSi 18.2 17.8 17.1 16.5 14.6 14.1 mxaresTan mWidro kavSirSi konkretul drosa da sivrceSi.
sawolebis moraluri statistikis amocanebia Seiswavlos yvela
ricxvi (aTasi) samarTlebrivi, agreTve, arasamarTlebrivi-moraluri
erTi avadmyofis 9.2 8.6 7.7 7.4 7.3 6.8 movlenebisa da procesebis saerTo raodenoba, maTi struqtura
saavadmyofoSi danaSaulobaTa an adamianTa socialuri jgufebis mixedviT,
yofnis xangZlivoba dinamika da ganviTarebis kanonzomierebani, agreTve, moraluri
(dRe) movlenebis sxva movlenebTan urTierTkavSiri.
poliklinikebis ricxvi 1100 1113 1123 1124 1140 1090 moraluri statistikis amocanebSi Sedis ganixilos
poliklinikebSi erT 94.4 94.3 92.1 88.0 84.8 87.4 moraluri movlenebis ara marto negatiuri (danaSaulobani,
cvlaSi avadmyofTa kanondarRvevani da a.S.), aramed pozitiuri (Sromis, ojaxur-
miRebis ricxvi (aTasi) sayofacxovrebo, samSoblos dacvis, sponsoruli daxmarebisa
da sxva sferoebSi) gavlenis statistikuri maCveneblebi.
samedicino statistika swavlobs, agreTve, warmoebaSi moraluri statistikis amocanaTa gadawyvetis mizniT
profesionalur daavadebaTa raodenobas mizezebis mizedviT, farTod gamoiyeneba absoluturi da SefardebiTi sidideebi,
warmoebaSi ubedur SemTxvevebs momuSaveTa 1000 sulze saSualo sidideebi, SerCeviTi dakvirveba, variaciis
gaangariSebiT da a.S. amasTan statistika daavadebaTa mizezebis maCveneblebi, dinamikis mwkrivebi, korelaciur-regresiuli
kvlevisas aanalizebs ara marto warmoebis kulturas da mavne analizis meTodebi da sxva. aucilebelia, magaliTad, iseTi
pirobebs, aramed avadmyofTa qcevis wesebs da maT mier Tambaqos, mZime sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulobani, rogoricaa mkvleloba,
40 41

gaupatiureba, yaCaRoba, qurdoba, sxeulis mZime dazianeba da aseTive WrilSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT pozitiuri
sxva ganvixiloT ara marto saerTo raodenobis, aramed moraluri movlenebi da procesebi. magaliTad, sponsoroba
SefardebiT mosaxleobis 10000 sulze, dinamikaSi mosaxleobis socialurad daucveli fenebis dasaxmareblad
qronologiuri TariRebis mixedviT, maT gamomwvev mizezebTan unda ganvixiloT rogorc saerTo raodenobis, ise calkeulis
(SurisZieba, siZulvili, anerviuleba, xulignoba, wakamaTeba, moculobis, agreTve, SefardebiT donori organizaciebisa da
Cxubi da sxv.) mWidro kavSirSi. es maCveneblebi saSualebas socialurad daucveli mosaxleobis ricxovnobis mimarT (10000
iZleva am danaSaulTa mixedviT erTmaneTs SevadaroT sxvadasxva sulze gadaangariSebiT) da a.S.
regioni, qveyana, wlebi da gavakeToT saTanado daskvnebi amasTan moraluri statistika gaiangariSebs rogorc
saxelmwifos mier Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gasatareblad individualur, ise krebsiT maCveneblebs. magaliTad, Tu
kriminologiuri situaciis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT. samarTlebrivi statistika TiTeuli sisxlis an samoqalaqo
samarTlis danaSauls ixilavs individualurad misi
registrirebuli danaSaulebi saqarTveloSi gaxsnadobis procentis, saerTo raodenobis, mosaxleobis
ricxovnobis an kidev calkeuli asakobrivi (mcirewlovanebSi,
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 mozardebSi da a.S.), sqesobrivi (mamakacebi, qalebi) da sxva
sul registrirebuli 17397 24856 43266 62283 54746 44644
jgufebis 100000 sulze, maSin saqme gvaqvs individualur
danaSauli statistikur maCveneblebTan. magram Tu gaviangariSebT ama
maT Soris: Tu im saxis maCvenebels (gaxsnadobis procenti, mcirewlovanTa
mZime danaSauli 10326 17833 24320 29249 13158 13028
asakSi an mozrdilebSi, qalebSi an mamakacebSi) yvela
ganzrax mkvleloba 499 538 697 640 741 653
danaSaulis mixedviT, gveqneba krebsiTi maCvenebeli, romelic
janmrTelobis mZime 253 371 368 271 157 200
gviCvenebs rogoria regionSi, qalaqSi an mxareebSi mdgomareobis
dazianeba saerTo suraTi.
gaupatiureba 52 62 141 167 156 100 danaSaulTa gaxsnis procenti (gaxsnil danaSaulTa
Zarcva 556 1316 2087 2751 1615 1167 raodenoba Sefardebuli registrirebul danaSaulTa ricxvze
yaCaRoba 1013 1733 1925 2160 1208 1008 da gamravlebuli 100-ze) an kidev damnaSaveobis koeficienti
qurdoba 5593 10634 16256 27657 18586 14814 calkeul danaSaulTa mixedviT aris individualuri, xolo
narkotikebis Senaxva 1945 1941 2074 3542 8493 8699 yvela danaSaulis mixedviT - krebsiTi statistikuri
gasaReba maCveneblebi. amasTan krebsiT maCvenebels angariSoben saSualo
avtoavariebi, romlebmac 308 385 445 499 511 551 Sewonili ariTmetikulis gamoyenebiT, sadac wonebad
gamoiwvia dazaralebulTa gamoyeneulia registrirebul danaSaulTa ricxvi. qveyanaSi da
sikvdili calkeul regionebSi damnaSaveobis dasaxasiaTeblad sasamarTlo
arasrulwlovanTa mier 617 557 755 997 674 759 statistika iyenebs kriminogenurobis koeficients, rasac
Cadenili danaSauli angariSoben gamovlenil damnaSaveTa ricxvis SefardebiT 14-dan
60 wlamde (qalebisaTvis) da 65 wlamde (mamakacebisaTvis)
mosaxleobis ricxovnobasTan da 100000-ze gadamravlebiT. Tu,
42 43

magaliTad is Seadgens 500-s, niSnavs imas, rom yoveli 100000 movitanoT statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris informacia
kacidan mocemul teritoriaze 500 damnaSavea. maSasadame, am saqarTveloSi studentTa ricxvis Sesaxeb dargebis mixedviT
maCveneblis gadideba mianiSnebs kriminogenuri situaciis
gauaresebaze da piriqiT.
ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da kulturis bakalavriati magistratura umaRlesi
statistika da profesiul
mosaxleobis cxovrebis done aisaxeba, agreTve, rezidentura i
ganaTlebis, mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da kulturis sistemaSi. sul studenti: 74900 9664 9073
ganaTleba TavisTavad saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa farTo maT Soris:
pedagogiuri 2407 361 57
sistemas moicavs. maT Sorisaa skolamdeli asakis bavSvTa
humanitaruli da 17618 1865 781
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi (baga, baRi, baga-baRi da sxv.),
xelovneba
romelTa ZiriTadi movaleobebia aRzardos da moamzados 3-6(7) biznesi 30820 5002 1137
wlebis bavSvebi skolisa da cxovrebisaTvis, zogadi da samarTalmcodneoba
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi (dawyebiTi skolebi, saSualo sabunebismetyvelo 6488 845 673
skolebi, liceumebi, gimnaziebi, skola-internetebi da sxv.), mecnierebani
saSualo da umaRlesi profesionaluri ganaTlebis saswavlo sainJinro 6672 1233 1702
dawesebulebebi. saSualo specialuri profesionaluri soflis meurneoba 3754 130 141
ganaTlebis sistema moicavs sxvadasxva saxis saswavleblebs, samedicino 7141 228 4582
teqnikumebs, kolejebs. umaRlesi saswavleblebi sxvadasxva
specialobis bakalavrebs, magistrebsa da doqtorantebs kulturisa da xelovnebis statistika swavlobs
amzadeben. aqedan gamomdinare ganaTlebis statistikis xelovnebisa da kulturis (muzeumebis, Teatrebis,
maCvenebelTa pirveli jgufi axasiaTebs ganaTlebis sistemis biblioTekebis, klubebis, dawesebulebebis) raodenobas,
dawesebulebaTa raodenobas, struqturas da dinamikas wlebis Semadgenlobas, dinamikas da sxva maCveneblebs.
mixedviT, agreTve, maT raodenobas 10000 macxovrebelze
gaangariSebiT, rac ganaTlebis Seqmnil pirobebze metyvelebs
mocemul qveyanasa da mis calkeul regionebSi.
ganaTlebis sistemis statistikur maCvenebelTa meore
jugfi axasiaTebs moswavle axalgazrdobis kontigentis saerTo
raodenobas, maT struqturas ganaTlebis saxeebis mixedviT da
dinamikas.
ganaTlebis statistikis krebsiTi maCveneblebia calkeul
specialobaTa mixedviT umaRles damTavrebulTa raodenoba
mosaxleobis 10,0 aTas macxovrebelze, maTi struqtura da
dinamika.
44 45

Tema 2. SromiTi resursebisa da Sromis bazris resursebis ZiriTad wyaros, magram garkveuli nawili
statistika (warmoebisagan mowyvetiT moswavle axalgazrdoba, diasaxlisebi,
CvilbavSviani dedebi, saSinao meurneobaSi dasaqmebulni da sxv.)
SromiTi resursebisa da Sromis bazris statistika ar monawileobs warmoebaSi. amitom Sromisunariani asakis mqone
ekonomikuri statistikis erT erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia, mosaxleobisagan unda ganvasxvaoT e.w. dasaqmebuli mosaxleoba,
romelic Seiswavlis SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobisa da romelic moicavs meurneobaSi momuSave Sromisunarian, agreTve,
Semadgenlobis , dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis, SromisanazRaurebis sapensio asakis mqone adamianTa erTobliobas, I da II jgufis
donisa da dinamikis, momuSaveTa Sromis pirobebis sakiTxebs. invalidebs da gamonaklisis saxiT arasrulwlovanebs,
produqciis warmoebisa da momsaxurebis sferoSi mudmivad romelTaTvisac dawesebulia araumetes 4 saaTiani samuSao dRe.
funqcionirebs sami ZiriTadi elementi: Sroma, ZiriTadi rogorc Cans, SromiTi resursebis raodenobrivi da
kapitali, anu Sromis iaraRebi da sabrunavi kapitali (Sromis xarisxobrivi Semadgenloba damokidebulia ara marto
sagnebi). aqedan mTavaria Sroma da masTan dakavSirebuli Sromis mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnobaze, aramed mis asakobriv,
bazari. am sferoebSi moizideba muSaxelis ZiriTadi nawili da sqesobriv da sxva struqturaze. aseTi niSnebis mixedviT
aq SemuSavdeba personalis marTvis ekonomikuri biznesmenuri da statistikam unda Seiswavlos SromiTi resursebis
menejmenturi politika SromiTi resursebis maRalefeqtiani Semadgenloba da moZraoba, gamoyenebis efeqturoba,
gamoyenebis mimarTulebiT. Sromis saerTaSoriso standartebis perspeqtiuli ricxovnoba, ganlageba qveynis calkeuli
mixedviT, Sromis bazarSi ganixileba aqtiuri mosaxleoba, teritoriuli erTeulebisa da regionebis mixedviT da a.S.
dasaqmeba da umuSevroba, mosaxleobis klasifikacia statusis SromiTi resursebis ricxovnoba da Semadgenloba
mixedviT, samuSao Zalis moZraoba, Sromis nayofiereba, samuSao xasiaTdeba rogorc absoluturi, aseve SefardebiTi da
Zalis Rirebuleba, SromiTi konfliqtebi. saSualo sidideebiT.
biznes garemos mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs SromiTi absoluturi maCveneblebia: SromiTi resursebis
resursebis, ekonomiurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis, dasaqmebulebis, ricxovnoba mimdinare da perspeqtiuli periodisaTvis (yoveli
agreTve umuSevrobis situaciuri movlenebi da procesebi wlis dasawyissa da bolosaTvis), absoluturi mateba,
qveyanasa da mis calkeul regionebSi. gamouyenebeli SromiTi resursebi, migraciis saldo.
SromiTi resursebi mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli SromiTi resursebis gaangariSebis amosavali baza
Sromisunarian mosaxleobasTan. Sromisunariani mosaxleoba Sromisunariani mosaxleobaa, risTvisac saWiroa Sromisunariani
Sromisunariani asakis, fizikurad janmrTel adamianTa asakis mqone mosaxleobis ricxovnobas gamovakloT imave asakis
erTobliobaa. Sromisunariani asaki wesdeba Sromis mqone araSromisunariani pirebis (I da II jgufis invalidebi,
kanonmdeblobiT. saerTaSoriso statistikaSi Sromisunarian SeRavaTiani sapensio asakis mqoneni) ricxvi.
asakad iTvleba 15-dan 65 wlamde asakis mqone mosaxleoba. SromiTi resursebis absoluturi mateba miiReba sxvaobiT
Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleoba iyofa or nawilad: periodis (Cveluberivad aiReben wels) bolosa da periodis
Sromisunariani da araSromisunariani (fizikurad dasawyisis absolutur monacemTa Soris. es sxvaoba
arajanmrTeli adamianebi, invalidebi da sxv.) mosaxleoba. gamowveulia rogorc bunebrivi, aseve meqanikuri moZraobiT.
swored Sromisunariani mosaxleoba warmoadgens SromiTi bunebriv moZraobas TavisTavad gansazRvravs bunebrivi mateba da
46 47

kleba. bunebrivi matebaa SromiTi resursebis Sevseba mozardi

Taobis gadasvliT Sromisunarian asakSi, xolo kleba sadac Nt - mosaxleobis ricxovnobaa perspeqtiuli
ganpirobebulia Sromis unariani asakidan gamosvliT, periodis bolosaTvis;
dainvalidebiT, saSeRavaTo pensiaze gadasvliTa da
sikvdilianobiT.
N 0 - mosaxleobis ricxovnoba amosavali wlis
meqanikur matebasa da klebas gansazRvravs Sesabamisad dasawyisisaTvis;
Sromisunariani mosaxleobis imigracia (Camosvla) da emigracia K bunebr. - mosaxleobis bunebrivi matebis koeficienti;
(wasvla). t - perspeqtiuli periodis welTa raodenoba;
gamouyenebeli SromiTi resursebis ricxovnoba
d Sr.asak - Sromisunariani asakis mqone mosaxleobis
ganisazRvreba, rogorc sxvaoba Sromisunariani mosaxleobis
(potencialuri SromiTi resursebis) da dasaqmebulTa xvedriTi wili mosaxleobis mTlian ricxovnobaSi;
ricxovnobas Soris. igi Seswavlil unda iqnes mizezebisa da K Sr.Sr.asak
- Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili
faqtorebis mixedviT, rac statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobaSi.
amocanaa.
SromiTi resursebis ricxovnobis saSualo
migraciis saldo, anu sxvaoba CamosulTa da wasulTa
maCveneblebidan ZiriTadia SromiTi resursebis saSualowliuri
Soris, teritoriuli erTeulebisa da regione:bis mixedviT
ricxovnoba. igi gaiangariSeba mosaxleobis saSualowliuri
metad mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia SromiTi resursebis moZraobis
ricxovnobis gaangariSebis msgavsad da gamoiyeneba SromiTi
dasaxasiaTeblad.
resursebis zrdisa da matebis tempebis dasadgenad.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa aRniSnuli maCveneblebis
SromiTi resursebis kvlavwarmoebis dasaxasiaTeblad
gaangariSeba Sromisunariani asakobrivi jgufebis (magaliTad 16-
gamoiyeneba specialuri SefardebiTi maCveneblebi. maT
25, 25-50, 50-59) mixedviT. SromiTi resursebis yvelaze
ganekuTvneba:
mniSvnelovani nawilia 25-50 wlis Sromisunariani mosaxleoba,
a) SromiTi resursebis bunebrivi matebis koeficienti
radgan igi iTvleba kvalificiurad pirvel jgufTan da meti
energiis mqoned mesame jgufTan SedarebiT. N bun.mat.
romelic iangariSeba wlis ganmavlobaSi SromiTi
mimdinare periodisaTvis, am absoluturi maCveneblebis  abs.mat.
dadgena warmoebs mosaxleobis aRweris, mimdinare statistikis resursebis absoluturi matebis SefardebiTi SromiTi
(mosaxleobis bunebrivi da meqanikuri moZraobis) masalebis T Sr.r.
resursebis saSualowliur ricxvTan gamosaxuls
gamoyenebiT. SedarebiT rTulia SromiTi resursebis dadgena
promilebSi:
perspeqtiuli periodisaTvis. mas miaxloebiT angariSoben
(mTeli qveynis masStabiT migraciis saldos
gauTvaliswineblad) Semdegi formuliT:  ab.mat.
K bun.mat.   1000
T Sr.r.
N t  N 0 (1  K bunebr) t d Sr.asak.  K Sr.Sr.asak .
48 49

TavisTavad bunebrivi mateba miiReba SromiTi resrusebis mkacri kriteriumebiT ganisazRvreba 15 da meti wlis asakis
bunebrivi Sevsebisa da bunebrivi klebis sxvaobiT. aqac mqone im mosaxleobis raodenobiT, romlebic gamosakvlevi
mosaxleobis Sobadobisa da sikvdilianobis, koeficientebis kviris ganmavlobaSi ar eweva ekonomikur saqmianobas, mzad aris
msgavsad SeiZleba dadgindes SromiTi resursebis bunebrivi daiwyos muSaoba da eZebs samuSaobs, xolo Serbilebuli
Sevsebisa da bunebrivi klebis koeficientebi promilebSi. kriteriumiT - gansxvavebiT mkacri kriteriumisagan, ar eZebs
b) SromiTi resursebis meqanikuri moZraobis samuSaos, radgan xeli aqvs Caqneuli da imedi ara aqvs
koeficientebi (meqanikuri Sevsebis klebisa da matebis samuSaos Sovnisa.
koeficientebi). es SafardebiTi maCveneblebi calkeuli statistika umuSevrobis dones (rogorc Serbilebuli
regionebisa da teritoriuli erTeulebisaTvis dgindeba, ise mkacri kriteriumiT) swavlobs Sesabamisi kategoriis
vinaidan aq adgili aqvs mosaxleobis migracias. umuSevarTa ricxovnobis SefardebiT ekonomikurad aqtiuri
g) Sromisunariani asakis mqone mosaxleobis xvedriTi mosaxleobis ricxovnobasTan.
wili mosaxleobis mTlian ricxovnobaSi; bizness garemos mimzidvelobas didaT gansazRvravs
d) Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili samuSao Zalis ricxovnoba, Semadgenloba, moZraobisa da
Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis ricxovnobaSi. gamoyenebis situacia qveyanasa da mis calkeul regionebSi.
e) mosaxleobis dasaqmebulobis koeficienti, romelic farTo gagebiT samuSao Zala adamianis Sromis unaria,
SeiZleba dadgindes ekonomikaSi dasaqmebulTa SefardebiT xolo viwro gagebiT - SromiTi resursebis nawilia, rac
mosaxleobis mTlian ricxovnobasTan gamosaxuls promilebSi. dasaqmebulia warmoebaSi. magram SromiTi resursebis
didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Sromis bazarze ganisazRvros dasaqmebuli nawili, samuSao Zala ar niSnavs am ukanasknelis
ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis ricxovnoba. srulyofilad efeqturad gamoyenebas. amitom samuSao Zalis
ekonomikurad aqtiuria 15 da meti wlis mosaxleoba, gamoyenebis efeqturobis dasaxasiaTeblad statistikur
romelic dasaqmebulia ekonomikuri saqmianobiT an umuSevaria. praqtikaSi SemoRebulia samuSao dro. samuSao drois raodenoba
statistika angariSobs ekonomikurad aqtiuri warmoadgens potencialuri SromiTi resursebisa da samuSao
mosaxleobis xvedriT wils mTels mosaxleobaSi ama Tu im Zalis gamoyenebis mniSvnelovan maCvenebels. samuSao Zala
konkretuli momentisaTvis. pirvel yovlisa dasaqmebulobis statusis mixedviT
dasaqmebuli ewodeba 15 da meti xnis mosaxleobas, Seiswavleba. amisaTvis iyenebs mosaxleobis ekonomikurad
romelic dakavebulia ekonomikuri saqmianobiT. amasTan aqtiuri nawilis (dasaqmebulebi da umuSevrebi) saerTaSoriso
pirovneba miekuTvneba dasaqmebuls Tu saangariSo periodSi is klasifikacias.
erTi saaTiT mainc iyo dakavebuli ekonomikuri saqmianobiT. gamoiyofa ori msxvili saklasifikacio jgufi:
statistika angariSobs dasaqmebulTa xvedriT wils 15 da daqiravebulebi da TviTdasaqmebuli. daqiravebulia muSakTa is
meti asakis mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnobis mimarT (zogierT kategoria, romlebTanac kapitalisa da sxva aqtivebis
qveyanaSi Zalian maRalia araSromisunarian asakSi dasaqmebulTa mflobelebs gansazRvruli samuSaos Sesrulebis mixedviT
ricxovnoba. amitom dasaqmebulTa xvedriT wils angariSoben, saTanado anazRaurebaze gaformebuli aqvs SromiTi
agreTve 10 da meti asakis mosaxleobis saerTo ricxovnobis xelSekruleba. TviTdasaqmebulebia pirebi (samuSaos mimcemi,
mimarTac). Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis mier umuSevroba individualurad momuSaveni, koleqtiuri sawarmoebis wevrebi,
50 51

araanazRaurebad samuSaoebze momuSave Sinameurneobis muSakebi), 5. momsaxurebis sferos (vaWrobis, sabinao-komunaluri da

romlebic iReben sammarTvelo gadawyvetilebebs an am funqciebs sxv.) muSakni;
andoben (delegireba) sxva pirovnebebs. daqiravebulni 6. soflis meurneobis, xetyis da samonadiro meurneobis
TavisTavad daiyofa samoqalaqo da samxedro samuSao Zalad (am kvalificiuri muSakni;
ukanasknelSi ar aRiricxeba miliciis, saSinao jarebisa da 7. samrewvelo, samSeneblo, satransporto,
iusticiis samxedro nawilebi), agreTve, mudmiv, droebiT, kavSirgabmulobis, samxatvro, geologiuri da wiaRiseuli
sezonur muSakebad. sawarmoebis kvalificiuri muSakni;
TviTdasaqmebulebi, rogorc zemoTaa naCvenebi, sxvadasxva 8. operatorebi, memanqaneebi da sxv.;
kategoriisaa. maT Soris: 9. kvalificiuri muSebi;
1. samuSaos mimcemni is muSaknia, romlebic mudmivad 10. samxedro Zalebi.
muSaoben sakuTar sawarmoSi da iyeneben daqiravebul Sromas; esaa dasaqmebulTa dargobrivi klasifikacia. amasTan
2. individualurad momuSaveni (erTi ojaxis an erTad sawarmoebisa da organizaciebis doneze gamoiyofa
Sinameurneobis wevrebi), garkveuli Semosavlis miRebis mizniT xelmZRvanelebis (marTvis Tanamdebobis pirni), specialistebis
muSaoben mudmivad TavianT sawarmoSi da, rogorc wesi, ar (sainJinro-teqnikuri, ekonomikuri da sxva msgavsi samuSaoebis),
iyeneben daqiravebul Sromas (cxadia, saWiroebisa da momsaxureebis (dokumentebis gamformeblebis, informaciis
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi SeuZliaT gamoiyenon daqiravebuli momzadebis, aRricxva-kontrolis da sxv.) da muSebis (uSualod
Sroma sezonur an SemTxveviT samuSaoebze); sawarmoo, satransporto, teqnologiuri operatorebis
3. koleqtiuri sawarmos wevrebi (daqiravebuli muSakebis Semsrulebelni da sxv.) kategoriebi.
garda) is pirnia, romlebic rogorc koleqtiuri sawarmos statistika Seiswavlis, agreTve, samuSao Zalis
mewileebi, muSaoben mocemul koleqtiur sawarmoSi; moZraobas, Semadgenlobas sqesis, asakis, profesiebis,
4. araanazRaurebad samuSaoze momuSaveni, romlebic ganaTlebisa da sxva niSnebis mixedviT.
Sromas ewevian naTesavebis ojaxur meurneobebSi. samuSao Zalis moZraobasa da gamoyenebas axasiaTebs
amis msgavsad xdeba, agreTve, umuSevrebis statusis siobrivi, saSualo siobrivi, samuSaoze gamocxadebulTa,
gansazRvra wina periodSi ukanaskneli dasaqmebis xasiaTis faqtobrivad momuSaveTa ricxvi, cvladobis, cvlis reJimis
mixedviT. gamoyenebis, samuSao Zalis brunvis intensivobis koeficientebi.
amis garda 1988 wlidan arsebobs, agreTve, ekonomikaSi siobriv ricxvSi Seitaneba samuSaoze erT dReze meti
dasaqmebulTa saerTaSoriso standartuli klasifikacia (dssk- xniT miRebuli yvela (mudmivi, sezonuri da droebiTi)
88), romelic gamoyofs momuSaveTa 10 saklasifikacio jgufs. momuSave. amrigad, am siaSi moxvdeba rogorc samuSaoze
es kategoriebia: gamocxadebulni, aseve sxvadasxva mizeziT (mivlineba,
1. marTvis organoebis xelmZRvanelebi; avadmyofoba) samuSaoze aragamocxadebulebi, sxva sawarmodan
2. umaRlesi donis kvalifikaciis specialistebi; mivlinebulni da a.S.
3. saSualo donis kvalifikaciis specialistebi; siobrivi ricxvi ganisazRvreba drois ama Tu im
4. mosamsaxureebi (aRricxvisa da momsaxurebis, momentisaTvis, magaliTad 1 ianvrisaTvis. raodenobrivad igi
informaciis momwodeblebi, gamformeblebi da sxv.); dadgindeba Semdegnairad: wina dRis siobriv ricxvSi myofT,
52 53

mimatebuli mocemul dRes siobriv ricxvSi CarTuli da brunvis koeficientebs Sesabamisad miRebisa da daTxovnis
gamoklebuli siobrivi ricxvidan amoRebuli. mixedviT. samuSaodan wasulTa erTi nawili (samxedro
saSualo siobrivi ricxvi ganisazRvreba saangariSo Tvis savaldebulo samsaxurSi, saswavlebelSi wasvla da a.S.)
yvela kalendaruli dRis siobrivi jamis (gamosasvlel da uqme gansazRvravs aucilebel brunvas, xolo meore (sakuTari
dReebSi siobriv ricxvad CaiTvleba wina samuSao dRis siobrivi nebasurviliT, Sromis disciplinis darRveviT,
ricxvi) gayofiT Tvis kalendarul dReTa ricxvze (28, 29, 30 kvalifikaciisadmi SeufereblobiT da sxv.) - zedmet brunvas
an 31). aseTi meTodi gamoiyeneba maSinac, roca sawarmo axalia anu denadobas. Tu zedmeti brunvis ricxvs SeufardebT
da ar umuSavnia srul Tves. saSualosiobriv ricxvs, miviRebT denadobis koeficients. misi
magram aseTi wesiT gaangariSebuli saSualosiobrivi gadideba metyvelebs kadrebian arasakmao muSaobaze da iwvevs
ricxvi ar gamogvadgeba saSualo xelfasisa da Sromis mraval urayofiT movlenas.
nayofierebis gaangariSebisaTvis, vinaidan masSi moxvda is didi mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve kadrebis mudmivobisa da
pirebic, romlebic xelfass ar Rebuloben mocemul sawarmoSi cvalebadobis maCveneblebis gaangariSebas biznesSi. samuSao
(damatebiT SvebulebaSi myofi dedebi, studentebi, romlebic Zalis erTi nawili mudmivad muSaobs mTeli saangariSo
imyofebian sawarmoo praqtikaze da sxv.), amitom aseTi periodis ganmavlobaSi. Tu maT ricxvs gavyofT saSualo
kategoriis muSakebi unda gamoiTiSnon siobrivi ricxvidan da siobriv ricxvze, miviRebT mudmivobis koeficients. samuSao
Semdeg imave wesiT davadginoT saSualosiobrivi ricxvi. Zalis meore nawili cvalebadia. Tu miRebis raodenobas
Tveebis mixedviT saSualosiobrivi ricxvis safuZvelze gamovaklebT wasulTa raodenobas da gavyofT saSualosiobriv
(martivi saSualo ariTmetikulis gamoyenebiT) ganisazRvreba ricxvze, miviRebTa kadrebis cvalebadobis koeficients. am
kvartalis an wlis saSualosiobrivi ricxvi. koeficientis gadideba dadebiTad moqmedebs sawarmos muSaobaze,
samuSao Zalis gamoyenebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani vinaidan sawarmos rekonstruqcia-gafarToeba moiTxovs axali
maCvenebelia cvladobis koeficienti. igi gaiangariSeba samive samuSao Zalis miRebis aucileblobas da saTanadod aisaxeba
cvlaSi namuSevari (Tu muSaobis reJimi samcvliania) produqciis gamoSvebis gadidebaSi.
kaccvlebis ricxvis gayofiT umaRles cvlaSi gamomuSavebuli kadrebis moZraobas Tvis, kvartlisa da wlis
kaccvlebis ricxvze (rogorc wesi umaRlesia pirveli cvla, ganmavlobaSi asaxavs samuSao Zalis balansebi. balansi moicavs
romelSic yvelaze meti muSa gamodis samuSaoze). Tu samuSao Zalis raodenobas periodis dasawyisSi, mis matebasa da
cvladobis koeficients SeufardebT cvlis reJimiT dawesebuli klebas periodis ganmavlobaSi da raodenobas periodis bolos.
cvlebis raodenobas, miviRebT cvlis reJimis gamoyenebis amasTan, mateba da kleba unda gaiSifros wyaroebisa da
koeficients. mizezebis mixedviT. matebis wyaroebia: organizebuli Segroveba,
samuSao Zalis brunvis intensivobas gansazRvravs samuSao umaRlesi da saSualo specialuri saswavleblebidan miRebulni,
Zalis brunva miRebisa da daTxovnis mixedviT, denadobis sxva sawarmodan gadmoyvanili da a.S. klebas gansazRvravs
koeficienti, kadrebis mudmivobisa da cvalebadobis gaTavisufleba xelSekrulebis vadis gasvlis gamo, samxedro
koeficientebi. Tu samuSaoze miRebulTa da samuSaodan savaldebulo samsaxurSi wasvla da sxv.
daTxovnilTa ricxvs cal-calke SevufardebT mocemul balansis TiToeul muxlSi SeiZleba gamoiyos sqesi,
periodSi saSualosiobriv ricxvs, miviRebT samuSao Zalis asaki, kvalifikacia, staJi, ganaTleba da sxva niSnebi.
54 55

soflis meurneobaSi samuSao Zalis balansebi moicavs samuSao drois balansebi moicavs, rogorc sasargeblo
mozardebs 12-11 wlamde, sapensio asakis mqone da sxva pirebs, muSaobas, aseve danakargebs. es maCveneblebi unda Seudardes
romlebic muSaoban agrofirmebSi. amitom am balansebSi samuSao gegmurs da miviRebT samuSao drois gamoyenebis maCvaneblebs.
Zalis raodenoba ara marto fizikur erTeulebSi gamoisaxeba, amisaTvis xSirad angariSoben erTi muSis an muSakis mier
aramed pirobiT srul Sromis unarianTa raodenobaSic. gamomuSavebuli dReebis raodenobas mocemul periodSi.
samuSao Zalis statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani magaliTad, Tu weliwadSi mTlianad gamomuSavebulia 22000
maCvenebelia kadrebis momzadeba da kvalifikaciis amaRleba. kacdRe da saSualosiobrivma ricxvma Seadgina 1000 kaci, maSin
kadrebis momzadeba sawarmoebSi warmoebs, rogorc erT kacze modis 220 dRe. Tu gegmuri maCvenebeli Seadgenda
individualuri ise brigaduli formiT, agreTve kvalifikaciis 260 dRes, maSin samuSao drois gamoyeneba udris:
amaRlebis skolebSi da a.S. statistikam unda daadginos 220
momzadebuli kadrebis ricxvi profesiebis momzadebis  100  84.6%
260
wyaroebis, kvalifikaciisa da sxva niSnebis mixedviT.
analizisaTvis mniSvnelovania, agreTve, biznesSi samuSao
sawarmoebSi muSaTa kvalifikaciis doneze msjeloben saSualo
dRis saSualo xangrZlivobis maCvenebeli, romelsac
Tanrigis mixedviT. mas angariSoben saSualo Sewonili
angariSoben mocemul periodSi gamomuSavebuli kacsaaTebis
ariTmetikulis gamoyenebiT, sadac variantebis mniSvnelobaa
SefardebiT erTi muSis mier faqtobrivad namuSevari dReebis
Tanrigebi, xolo wonebi - TiToeuli Tanrigis muSaTa
ricxvze. es maCvenebeli gaiangariSeba ori wesiT. Tu
raodenoba. saSualo Tanrigis amaRleba niSnavs kvalifikaciis
mxedvelobaSi miviReT, rogorc ganakveTuri, ise zeganakveTuri
donis amaRlebas biznesSi, rac ganapirobebs Sromis
saaTebis raodenobas, maSin gaangariSebuli maCvenebeli
nayofierebis zrdas.
warmoadgens samuSao dRis srul xangrZlivobas, xolo Tu
samuSao Zalis gamoyenebas axasiaTebs samuSao drois,
gamovTiSavT sazeganakveTo saaTebs, maSin ganakveTuri samuSao
agreTve, Sromis pirobebisa da maTi dacvis statistika.
dRis xangrZlivobas. swored es ukanaskneli unda SevudaroT
arsebobs kalendaruli, satabelo, maqsimalurad SesaZlebeli,
Sesabamis gegmur xangrZlivobas da miviRebT samuSao dRis
gamocxadebuli da faqtiurad namuSevari drois fondebi.
gamoyenebis koeficients, romlis gadideba Sromis nayofierebis
samuSao drois balanss biznesSi aqvs Semdegi tolobis
amaRlebisa da TviTRirebulebis Semcirebis erT-erTi
forma:
mniSvnelovani faqtoria.
a) muSaobis faqtobrivi drois fonds + mTliani
samuSao Zalis statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
mocdenebi = gamocxadebuli muSaobis drois fonds;
maCvenebelia biznesSi Sromis pirobebisa da dacvis
b) gamocxadebuli muSaobis drois fonds +
statistikuri maxasiaTeblebi. is moicavs Sromis meqanizaciisa
aragamocxadebani = maqsimalurad SesaZlebeli muSaobis drois
da muSebis spectansacmliT, specfexsacmliT, profilaqtikuri
fonds;
miznebisaTvis sawarmoebis xarjze muSebis kvebis produqtebiT
g) gamocxadebuli muSaobis drois fonds + morigi
(rZe, qoni da sxv.) momaragebas, travmatizmis, daavadebaTa
Svebulebani = satabelo drois fonds;
gavrcelebis Sesabamis maCveneblebs. magaliTad, travmatizmis
d) satabelo drois fonds + gamosasvleli da uqme
Seswavlis mizniT statistika adgens sikvdilianobis, droebiT
dReebi = kalendaruli drois fonds.
Sromis unaris dakargvis, mudmivad dainvalidebis da sxvaTa
56 57

SemTxvevebs 1000 kacze procentobiT momuSaveTa mocdenebs da drois sxva danakargebs. amitom is Sromis
saSualosiobrivi ricxvis mimarT da a.S. nayofierebis yvelaze zusti maCvenebelia.
daavadebaTa Seswavla mizezebis mixedviT miuTiTebs dRiuri Sromis nayofiereba gaizomeba gamoSvebuli
sanitarul-higienuri pirobebis doneze biznesSi, rac Sromis produqciis SefardebiT muSebis mier gamomuSavebuli
dacvis pirobebis gaumjobesebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kacTdReebis raodenobasTan. am maCveneblebze ukve gavlenas
winapirobaa. axdens Sigacvlis mocdenebi.
biznesSi samuSao Zalis gamoyenebis erT-erTi Tviur Sromis nayofierebas angariSoben TveSi
mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia Sromis nayofiereba. is konkretuli gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobis gayofiT muSebis (miiReba
Sromis Sedegianobaa, romlis amaRlebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs erTi muSis Sromis nayofiereba) an muSakTa (miiReba erTi
sameurneo mSeneblobisa da mravali socialur-ekonomikuri muSakis Sromis nayofiereba) saSualosiobriv ricxvze. es
amocanis gadasaWrelad. misi gadideba gulisxmobs muSis maCvenebeli ukve damokidebulia Tvis ganmavlobaSi samuSao
(muSakis) mier gamomuSavebuli produqciis erTeulze drois gamoyenebaze. gaangariSebis msgavsi meTodi gamoiyeneba
daxarjuli drois Semcirebas. saSualokvartaluri da saSualowliuri Sromis nayofierebis
statistika swavlobs biznesSi Sromis nayofierebis gasaangariSeblad.
dones, dinamikas, maszed moqmed faqtorebs raodenobrivi Sromis nayofierebis dinamika izomeba naturaluri,
TvalsazrisiT da sxva sakiTxebs. SromiTi da RirebulebiTi indeqsebiT.
Sromis nayofierebis done gaizomeba drois erTeulSi naturaluri indeqsi gamoiyeneba biznesSi erTsaxeliani
gamoSvebuli produqciis moculobiT an piriqiT, gamoSvebuli produqciis warmoebis SemTxvevaSi. igi aris cvalebadi,
produqciis erTeulze daxarjuli drois raodenobiT. Tu fiqsirebuli da struqturuli Semadgenlobis.
gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobas aRvniSnavT q -iT, statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa gaarkvios
calkeuli faqtoris (am SemTxvevaSi TiToeuli firmis
daxarjuli drois raodenobas T -iT, Sromis nayofierebis done
Sromisnayofierebisa da xvedriTi wilis anu struqturuli
q
 cvalebadobis) gavlena saerTo maCveneblis cvlilebaze.
 gamoisaxeba Semdegi formuliT: T swored am amocanis gadasawyvetad gamoiyeneba
T statistikaSi cvalebadi, fiqsirebuli da struqturuli
t Semadgenlobis indeqsebi.
sadac
q produqciis erTeulis Sromatevadobaa. Sromisnayofierebis gaangariSebis zogadi principi
erTimeorisagan asxvaveben saaTobriv, dRiur, Tviur, erTnairia meurneobis yvela dargSi. magram gamoSvebuli
kvartalur da wliur Sromis nayofierebas. produqciisa da Sesrulebuli samuSaos gazomvis specifika
saaTobrivi Sromis nayofiereba gaiangariSeba mocemul ganapirobebs Sromisnayofierebis donisa da dinamikis dadgenis
periodSi gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobis SefardebiT amave Taviseburebebs mrewvelobaSi, soflis meurneobaSi,
periodSi ZiriTadi da damxmare muSebis mier daxarjuli mSeneblobaSi, transportsa da vaWrobaSi.
kacsaaTebis raodenobasTan. es maCvenebeli ar moicavs gacdenebs,
58 59

mrewvelobaSi Sromis nayofiereba SeiZleba gaangariSebul maSasadame, Sromis nayofierbis indeqsi soflis
iqnes warmoebuli an realizebuli sabazro produqciis T0
Rirebulebis mixedviT.
T
meurneobaSi gaizomeba Sromatevadobisa 1 da mosavlianobis an
soflis meurneobaSi Sromis nayofierebis gaangariSebis
specifika isaa, rom aq cocxali Sroma ixarjeba ara ubralod q
mza produqciis Seqmnaze, rogorc mrewvelobasa da produqtiulobis 1 indeqsebis namravliT.
q0
mSeneblobaSi, aramed miwis, mravalwliani nargavebisa da
pirutyvis movlaze. amitom aq jer iangariSeba Sromis mSeneblobaSi gamoSvebuli produqcia da Sromis
nayofierebis arasruli maeCveneblebi - cocxali Sromis nayofierebac izomeba Sesrulebuli samSeneblo-samontaJo
samuSaoebis saxarjTaRricxvo RirebulebiT.
danaxarjebi erTi ha naTes farTobze an erT sul pirutyvze T
transportSi Sromis nayofierebis gasazomad gadaziduli
da Semdeg sruli maCveneblebi (1 ha naTesi farTobidan an 1
tvirTi (tona-kilometrebi) da gadayvanili mgzavrebi (mgzavr-
suli pirutyvidan miRebuli produqciis moculobaze q
kilometrebi) gadaiyvaneba erT pirobiT - naturalur
gayofiT): erTeulSi. gadayvanisaTvis praqtikaSi miRebulia, rom 1 t/km
tolia erTi mgzavr-kilometrisa. gansxvavebulia mxolod
T sahaero transportze, sadac 1 t/km-is TviTRirebuleba etoleba
t 11,12 mgzavr/kilometrs. yvela saxis transportis muSaobis
q
moculoba, gadayvanili pirobiT naturaluri zomis erTeulSi
gaiyofa muSakTa saSualo ricxvze da miiReba Sromis
sadac t produqciis erTeulis Sromatevadobaa. nayofierebis done. am doniT xdeba, agreTve, misi dinamikis
maSasadame, Sromis nayofierebis dinamika soflis gazomvac.
meurneobaSi gaiangariSeba sabaziso periodis Sromatevadobis vaWrobaSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos moculoba gamoisaxeba
T0 T1 saqonelbrunviT (realizacia, Sesyidva an miwodeba) naturalur
q 0 SefardebiT saangariSo periodis Sromatevadobaze q1 an RirebulebiT zomis erTeulebSi. am maCvenebliT gaizomeba
Sromis nayofierebis done da dinamika wlebis mixedviT.
T T T q
j 0 : 1  0  1
q 0 q1 T1 q 0
60 61

samuSao Zalaze danaxarjebisa da SromiTi konfliqtebis anazRaurebis sidide gamoSvebuli produqciis an Sesrulebuli
statistika samuSaos erTeulisaTvis ar icvleba. sanardo-premiulis dros
amasTan erTad miRweuli xarisxobrivi maCveneblebisaTvis
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi biznesmenebs da menejerebs gaicema premiac. sanardo-progresulis SemTxvevaSi winaswar
ainteresebT ara marto xelfasis, aramed samuSao Zalis dadgenili gamomuSavebis normis gadaWarbebiT Sesrulebis
daqiravebaze mTliani danaxarjebis moculoba, struqtura da TiToeuli procentisaTvis Sefaseba anu anazRaureba
dinamika. Sromis statistikosebis me-11 saerTaSoriso produqciis, an Sesrulebuli samuSaos erTeulisaTvis
konferenciis rezoluciaSi Cawerilia: ,,samuSao Zalaze progresulad diddeba. akordulis dros Sesrulebuli
danaxarjebi aris samuSao Zalis daqiravebasa da Senaxvaze samuSaosaTvis anazRaureba gaicema winaswari SeTanxmebis
gaweuli xarjebi, kerZod: mixedviT, xolo akordul-premiulis dros, garda amisa emateba
1. pirdapiri xelfasi premiebic xarisxobrivi maCveneblebisaTvis.
2. gamoumuSavebuli drois anazRaureba (Svebuleba, sanardo anazRaureba 2 saxisaa: individualuri da
sadResaswaulo dasvenebis dReebi) koleqtiuri anu brigaduli. individualuris dros TiToeuli
3. premiebi da fuladi jildoebi muSakis anazRaureba damokidebulia piradad misi Sromis
4. kveba, sawvavis xarji da sxva naturaluri Sedegebze, xolo brigadulis pirobebSi - brigadis, koleqtivis
danaxarjebi Sromis saerTo Sedegebze. es ukanaskneli misi efeqturobis
5. binis danaxarjebi gamo ufro met gavrcelebas poulobs Tanamedrove pirobebSi.
6. danaxarjebi socialur uzrunvelyofaze droiTi forma gulisxmobs anazRaurebis gacemas
7. profesiuli kvalifikaciis amaRlebisTvis swavlis gamomuSavebuli droisa da kvalifikaciis mixedviT. mas ori
xarjebi sistema gaaCnia: martivi droiTi da droiTi premiuli. martivi
8. kulturul-sayofacxovrebo xarjebi droiTi xelfasis pirobebSi anazRaurebis moculoba
9. da sxva. ganisazRvreba satarifo ganakveTiTa (ama Tu im kvalifikaciis
10. gadasaxadebi, rogorc Sromis Rirebuleba. muSis erTi saaTis anazRaureba) da namuSevari drois
amitom statistikam unda Seiswavlos zemoT CamoTvlili namravliT, xolo droiTi premiulis SemTxvevaSi masTan erTad
danaxarjebis moculoba, struqtura da dinamika, rac gaicema premiebic raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi
biznesmenebs, ekonomistebs, menejerebs miscems swori maCveneblebisaTvis.
strategiisa da taqtikis SemuSavebis saSualebas adamianTa firmebSi, sawarmoebsa da dawesebulebebSi aRiricxeba
resursebis marTvis saqmeSi. xelfasis saaTobrivi, dRiuri da Tviuri fondebi.
Sromis anazRaureba firmebSi, organizaciebsa da saaTobriv fondSi Sedis anazRaureba satarifo
dawesebulebebi warmoebs ori formiT: droiTi da sanardo. ganakveTebis mixedviT, premiebi, anazRaureba ZiriTadi
sanardo formis dros anazRaurebis sidides gansazRvravs Sefasebebis mixedviT, danamatebi monarde muSebisaTvis
Sesrulebuli samuSaos an momsaxurebis moculoba da xarisxi. progresuli SefasebebiT, danamatebi Ramis saaTebSi
misi sistemebia: pirdapiri sanardo, sanardo-premiuli, sanardo- muSaobisaTvis, danamatebi brigadirobisaTvis da sxva.
progresuli, akordul-premiuli. pirdapiri sanardos pirobebSi
62 63

saaTobrivi fondi SeiZleba gaangariSebul iqnes Tviurad, da saSualoTviur xelfass. pirveli gaiangariSeba xelfasis
kvartalurad da wliurad. saaTobrivi fondis SefardebiT namuSevari kacsaaTebis ricxvTan,
dRiur fondSi Seitaneba saaTobrivi fondi da agreTve, meore - xelfasis dRiuri fondiT SefardebiT namuSevari
CvilbavSviani dedebis anazRaureba damatebiTi SvebulebisaTvis, kacdReebis raodenobasTan, xolo mesame - xelfasis Tviuri
cvlisSiga mocdenebisaTvis muSisagan damoukidebeli mizezebiT, fondis gayofiT muSakTa saSualosiobriv ricxvze. am
zeganakveTuri muSaobisaTvis da sxv. maCveneblebis mixedviT SeiZleba gaizomos saSualo xelfasis
Tviuri fondi moicavs dRiur fonds da agreTve, dinamikac.
anazRaurebas kvalifikaciis asamaRleblad mivlinebulTaTvis, Sromisa da anazRaurebis pirobebis gauareseba biznesSi
morigi damatebiTi SvebulebisaTvis, warmoebisgan mowyvetiT Zalian xSirad iwvevs SromiT konfliqtebs damqiravebelTa da
moswavle axalgazrdebisaTvis, ufaso komunaluri momsaxurebis daqiravebulTa Soris. amitom statistikam unda Seiswavlos,
Rirebulebas da sxvas. agreTve, SromiTi konfliqtebis raodenoba, struqtura da
xelfasis analizi warmoebs absoluturi da SefardebiTi dinamika. am SeswavlaSi unda gaiTvaliswinos 1993 wlis Sromis
maCveneblebiT. statistikosTa saerTaSoriso konferenciis mier miRebuli
absoluturi gadaxra (gadaxarjva an ekonomia) normebi.
gamovlindeba faqtobrivad daricxuli xelfasis donis statistikosebi Seiswavlian biznesSi konfliqtebis
SedarebiT absolutur fondTan. magram es maCvenebeli ar iZleva (warmoebis SeCerebiTa da SeCerebis gareSe), gaficvlebis,
xelfasis fondis xarjvis swor suraTs. es gamowveulia imiT, lokautebis (ramdenime samuSao adgilis sruli an nawilobrivi
rom xelfasis absoluturi fondi mocemulia produqciis 100- daxurva) saerTo raodenobas mizezebis (xelfasis, premiis
iT Sesrulebis pirobebisaTvis. magram faqtobrivad daricxuli Semcireba, Tavisdroze gaucemloba, Sromis pirobebis Secvla
xelfasi Seesabameba sawarmoo davalebaTa Sesrulebis sxva muSebisadmi mxardaWera da a.S.) mixedviT, warmoebis
faqtobriv maCveneblebs. amasTan, produqciis gadaWarbebiT danakargebs, konfliqtSi monawileTa xvedriT wils da sxva
gegmis Sesrulebis 1%-ze ar ixarjeba xelfasis 1%, vinaidan maCveneblebs, rac biznesmenebisa da menejerebisaTvis
yvela kategoriis muSakTagan mxolod erTi nawilis (sanardo aucilebeli informaciaa biznesis marTvis saqmeSi.
anazRaurebaze myofi muSakis an sxv. kategoriis) xelfasi statistikaSi ganasxvaveben SromiTi konfliqtebis Semdeg
diddeba produqciis gamoSvebis pirdapirproporciulad. es saxeobebs:
garemoebani gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas biznesSi xelfasis 1. samuSaoebis Sewyvetis gareSe SromiTi konfliqtebi. aseT
analizis dros. SemTxvevaSi sakonfliqto mxareebis mier wamoyenebuli
Sromis anazRaurebis statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani moTxovnebis gadawyvetas molaparakebiT axorcieleben an
maCvenebelia Sromis saSualo anazRaureba. warmarTaven iseT saqmianobas arasamuSao drois monakveTSi,
Sromis saSualo anazRaurebis gasaangariSeblad saWiroa romlebic uzrunvelyofen konfliqtis mogvarebas.
gaviTvaliswinoT, rogorc xelfasi, aseve sxva saxis 2. samuSaoebis SewyvetiT SromiTi konfliqtebi, romelTa
gacemulobani. wliurad maTi jamis Sefardeba muSakTa or saxeobas gamoyofen:gaficvebi da lokautebi.
saSualowliur ricxvTan mogvcems saSualowliur anazRaurebas. gaficvebi aris mSromelTa erTi an ramdenime jgufis mier
erTimeorisagan ansxvaveben saSualo saaTobriv, saSualodRiur samuSaoebis droebiTi Sewyveta Tavis moTxovnebis SeTavazebis
64 65

mizniT, an win aRudgebian, gamoxaton TavianTi ukmayofileba dadgena, konfliqtebis raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT,
administraciis gadawyvetilebaze an mxari dauWiron danarCeni mosaxleobis ricxovnoba, romlebic monawileobdnen
mSromelebis moTxovnebsa da ukmayofilebas. konfliqtebSi, samuSao drois danakargebis raodenoba, erTi
lokauti moicavs warmoebis gaCerebas da xelfasebis gaficvis saSualo xangrZlivoba da a.S. es maCveneblebi
gacemis Sewyvetas, raTa profesiuli kavSiri iZulebuli gaxdes muSavdeba calkeuli dargebis, regionebisa da qveynis masStabiT.
daTanxmdes damqiraveblis (administraciis) mier SeTavazebul SromiTi konfliqtebis saerTaSoriso SedarebebisaTvis
pirobebs. rekomendebulia Semdegi maCveneblebis gamoyeneba:
statistikis praqtikaSi gamoyofen konfliqtebis or fgufs: 1. yovel 1000 muSakze konfliqtebis Sedegad samuSao
konfliqtebis pirvel jgufs miakuTvneben konfliqtebs, drois danakargebi:
romlebic warmoiSvnen koleqtiuri SromiTi xelSekrulebis
SedgenisaTvis, mewarmeebis warmomadgenlebsa da mSromelTa konfliqtebis Sedegad dakarguli samuSao dro
profesiul organizaciebs Soris warmarTuli molaparakebis 1000;
muSakebis saSualo siobrivi ricxovnoba
procesSi, Semdegi sakiTxebis ganxilvisas:
- dasaqmebuloba(sakadro politika, personalis
gadaadgileba, sawarmos daxurva, personalis kvalifikacia),
2. mSromelTa konfliqtSi monawileTa ricxvi yovel 1000
- xelfasebi, premiebi da Sromis anazRaurebis danarCeni
mSromelze:
sakiTxebi,
- Sromis pirobebi (samuSao drois xangrZlivoba, Sromis
mSromelTa konfliqtSi monawileTa ricxvi
organizacia da Sromis usafrTxoeba), 1000.
- profesiuli kavSirebis saqmianoba. muSakebis saSualo siobrivi ricxovnoba
- mSromelTa sxva jgufebisadmi mxardaWera samuSaos
momcemTaTvis moTxovnebis wayenebis gareSe, rogorc analizi uCvenebs, Cvens qveyanaSi gaficvebs da sxva
- mTavrobis ekonomikuri da socialuri politikisadmi saxis samuSaos Sewyvetis procesebs ara aqvT masStaburi
protestis gamoxatva an politikuri moTxovnebis wamoyeneba, xasiaTi, es im azrs adasturebs, rom saqarTvelos ekonomika
- danarCeni mizezebi, romlebmac molaparakebani CixSi jerjerobiT muSaobs arasruli dasaqmebis reJimSi, miuxedavad
moamwyvdies da sxva. amisa, mSromelTa mxridan ukmayofilebis gamoxatvis mizezad
meore jgufis konfliqtebi warmoSobilia ara koleqtiuri rCeba Sromis anazRaurebis gadaxdis vadebis uxeSi darRvevebi,
SromiTi xelSekrulebis Sedgenisas, aramed Sromis fasebis zrdis pirobebSi Semosavlebis indeqsebis
anazRaurebis pirobebiT (Sromis anazRaurebis vadebis darRveva, gamouyenebloba, xelfasebis dabali done da a.S.
xelfasis gadideba, inflaciebi).
SromiTi konfliqtebis Sesaxeb informaciebs agroveben
yovelTviurad. maTi detaluri analizis sawarmoeblad
monacemebis dajgufebas awarmoeben Semdegi mimarTulebebiT:
SromiT konfliqtebSi monawileTa jgufebis ricxovnobis
66 67

Tema 3. sabanko da sadazRvevo statistika I 1 - safinanso nakadebis moculobis indeqsia mocemul

qveyanaSi an regionSi;
ekonomikuri Teoriis ganmartebiT krediti (laT.
Credirum sesxi, vali) droebiT Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebis I 2 - safinanso nakadebis koncentraciis indeqsia;
an saqonlis gacema valad gansazRvruli vadiT fiqsirebuli I 3 - bankebis an filialebis raodenobis indeqsia;
procentis safasurad.
ganasxvaveben moklevadian (erT wlamde), saSualovadian I 4 - arasafinanso operaciebis xvedriTi wilis indeqsi;
(erTi wlidan sam wlamde) da grZelvadian (sam welze meti I 5 - realuri aqtivebis dinamikis indeqsi.
xangrZlivobiT) kreditebs. sakredito urTierTobebs bankebi
(ZiriTadad komerciuli) awarmoeben kreditorebTan. amitom formulaSi motanili pirveli indeqsi gviCvenebs sabanko
statistika sabanko-sakredito saqmianobas swavlobs qveyanaSi an saqmianobisaTvis saWiro fuladi resursebis dinamikas (Tu
regionSi bankebis saWiroebis, TviT bankebis funqcionirebis da izrdeba indeqsi, mimzidveloba matulobs an piriqiT). safinanso
bankebis sakredito maCveneblebis mixedviT. nakadebis koncentracia anu moculoba erT moqmed bankze an
bankebis saWiroebis statistikuri maCveneblebis filialze bankTaSorisi konkurenciis maCvenebelia imdenad,
safuZvelze gaiangariSeba mocemul qveyanaSi biznesis da ramdenadac dabali koncentraciis SemTxvevaSi bankTaSorisi
mewarmoebis ganviTarebis mixedviT organizaciebisa da konkurencia maRalia, xolo maRali koncentraciis SemTxvevaSi
mosaxleobis Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebis nakadis saerTo sabanko saqmianobisadmi mimzidvelobis xarisxi dabalia da
moculoba. am maCveneblisa da erTi bankis momsaxurebis konkurenciac klebulobs.
moculobis safuZvelze SeiZleba dadgindes bankebis saWiro mesame indeqsi gviCvenebs bankebis raodenobis zrdis an
raodenoba mocemul periodSi. aq gaiangariSeba, agreTve, klebis tendencias (zrdis SemTxvevaSi - mimzidveloba izrdeba,
bankebisa da maTi filialebis saerTo qselis sidide, maTi xolo klebis SemTxvevaSi - mcirdeba).
raodenoba 100,0 aTas macxovrebelze da Sefardeba bankebis meoTxe indeqsi arasafinanso operaciebis anu sxva saxis
siWarbe an nakleboba mocemul regionSi. sxvadasxva biznesiT (samrewvelo, samSeneblo da a.S.) bankis dakavebuloba
statistikur maCvenebelTa safuZvelze angariSoben sabanko amcirebs bankebis zrdisadmi interess anu mimzidvelobas.
saqmianobis pirobebis SefardebiTi mimzidvelobis indeqss bolos realuri aqtivebis zrda adidebs sabanko biznesisadmi
Semdegi formulis daxmarebiT: mimzidvelobis xarisxs.
aqve saWiroa ganvmartoT ra aris realuri aqtivebi.
sabanko aqtivebisa da pasivebis absoluturi anu normaluri
moculoba ver daaxasiaTebs srulyofilad bankebis gaxsnisadmi
1 mimzidvelobis xarisxs. amitom statistikaSi gamoiyeneba
I  5 I1  I 2  I 3   I5 realuri aqtivebi. zemoT motanili mizidulobis indeqsis
I4
safuZvelze biznesmenebsa da moqalaqeebs SeuZliaT airCion esa
Tu is banki regionSi da masTan awarmoon urTierTobani.
sadac I - sabanko saqmianobis pirobebis SedarebiTi
mimzidvelobis indeqsia;
68 69

sakredito Tanxebis gamoyenebis maCveneblad statistikaSi da mcirdeba brunvadoba dReebSi, umjobesdeba kreditis
cnobilia sami ZiriTadi indikatori: gamoyenebis efeqtianoba.
kreditis brunvis ricxvi ( K ), kreditis brunvadoba magaliTi. komerciuli bankis sakredito davalianebam
dReebSi ( t ), produqciis gamoSvebis moculoba sakredito 2009 wlis pirveli ianvrisaTvis Seadgina 9.2 mln lari,
xolo wlis bolos anu 2010 wlis dasawyisSi 12,8 lari.
resursebis erT larze. brunvaTa ricxvi ( K ) ganisazRvreba
kreditis brunvam dabrunebadobis mixedviT Seadgina 40,0 mln
Semdegi formuliT:
lari.
Q
K amoxsna
S saSualowliuri sakredito naSTebi Seadgens:
sadac, K - brunvaTa ricxvia mocemul periodSi (Tve, 9.2  12.8
S  11 mln lars.
kvartali, weli); 2
Q- kreditis brunva gacemis an dafarvis mixedviT; Q 40.0
brunvadobis koeficienti: K
  3.64
S - kreditis saSualo naSTebi. S 11
kreditis saSualo naSTi TveSi ganisazRvreba Tvis T 360
dasawyissa da Tvis bolos sakredito davalianebaTa jamis orze brunvadoba dReebSi: t   99 dRe
SefardebiT, saSualokvartaluri naSTi sami Tvis saSualos, K 3.64
xolo saSualowliuri - oTxi kvartlis saSualos mixedviT. Tanamedrove sabanko sistemaSi erTerTi mniSvnelovani
Tu gvaqvs mocemuli ramdenime Tvis dasawyisisaTvis sakredito adgili uWiravs mosaxleobis Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebis
davalianebaTa naSTebi, maSin saSualoTviuri naSTi gaiangariSeba mobilizacias da miznobriv gamoyenebas. amis garda bankebi
saSualo qronologiuris daxmarebiT. awarmoeben, agreTve, sakredito operaciebs, mosaxleobidan
kreditis dReebSi brunvadobis gasaangariSeblad saWiroa sabinao qiris, sayofacxovrebo da kavSirabmulobis momsaxurebis
mocemuli periodis kalendaruli dReebis ricxvis ( T ) gadaxdisa da sxva operaciebs, rac afarToebs maTi moqmedebis
Sefardeba brunvadobis koeficientTan: sferos da pasuxismgeblobas Tavisufali fuladi Tanxebis
efeqturad gamoyenebis saqmeSi.
T
t mosaxloebis Tavisufali fuladi saxsrebi, rac bankebSi
K Seitaneba anabrebis saxiT, SeiZleba iyos mokiTxvamde, vadiani
sadac, T - kalendaruli dReebis ricxvia mocemul da momgebiani, xolo gacemuli krediti SeiZleba iyos rogorc
periodSi. gacemuli kreditis erT larze damatebiT moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani.
gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenoba gaiangariSeba gamoSvebuli statistika calkeuli regionebis mixedviT bankebis
produqciis (gacemuli kreditis gamoyenebis xarjze) saerTo qseliTa da maTi raodenobiT mosaxleobis saSualo
SefardebiT gacemuli kreditis moculobasTan. Tu izrdeba am wliuri ricxovnobis 1000 sulze, axasiaTebs macxovrebelTa
maCveneblisa da agreTve, brunvadobis koeficientis mniSvneloba uzrunvelyofis xarisxs saSemnaxvelo saqmis organizaciiT,
xolo meanabreTa saerTo ricxviT, maTi struqturiT qalaqisa
70 71

da soflis mcxovrebTan, agreTve, socialuri niSnebiT, wlis manZilze saSemnaxvelo bankSi sabrunavi uwyisiT
axasiaTebs anabrebis ganawilebas da a.S.
TviT anabrebs statistika swavlobs maTi saSualo
cnobilia anabrebis ukan dabrunebis Tanxa (  S ). Tu am Tanxas
sididiT erT meanabreze (naSTebis jami gayofili meanabreTa SevufardebT anabrebis saSualo naSTs ( S ), miviRebT
ricxvze) anabrebis saSualo sididiT erT mcxdovrebze, wlebis brunvadobis koeficients.
mixedviT anabrebis absolutur matebas, zrdisa da matebis Tu wlis manZilze kalendaruli dReebis raodenobas
tempebsa da sxva. SevufardebT brunvadobis koeficients, miviRebT brunvadobas
saanabro operaciebs statistika axasiaTebs Senatanebis dReebSi.
(mokiTxvamde, vadiani, momgebiani) saerTo brunvis, anabrebis periodis ganmavlobaSi anabrebis Semosvlasa da gasvlas
raodenobis, anabrebis naSTebis, dinamikis, mogebaTa raodenobis, Soris sxvaoba anabrebis mozidvis absolituri maCvenebelia.
maTi Rirebulebis, Senaxvis saSualo vadis, brunvaTa ricxvis, miTi SefardebiT periodis dasawyisSi anabrebis naSTan miReba
anabrebis mozidvisa da Cawolis koeficientebisa da sxva anabrebis mozidvis koeficienti, xolo periodis ganmavlobaSi
maCveneblebis mixedviT. anabrebis SemosavlobaTa jamTan - anabrebis Cawolis xarisxi.
am maCvenebelTa statistikur gaangariSebebSi anabrebis Cawolis koeficientisa da Senaxvis vadis mixedviT
mniSvnelovania anabrebis saSualo naSTis gaangariSeba. SeiZleba vimsjeloT mosaxleobis danazogebis stabilurobaze,
statistika mas angariSobs saSualo qronologiuris rac cxovrebis donis erTerTi statistikuri maCvenebelia.
0.5S1  S 2  S 3  0.5S n biznesisa da menejmentis saqmianobaSi mniSvnelovani
daxmarebiT. S adgili uWiravs aradeterminirebul, SemTxveviT, stoqastur
n 1 movlenebsa da procesebs. amaTgan garkveuli nawili (stiqiuri
sadac S1 , S 2 , S 3 ,S n - qronologiuri periodebis ubedurebani, avadmyofobani, avariebi, travmatizmi, ubeduri
dasawyisSi anabrebis naSTebia, xolo n qronologiuri SemTxvevebi, sikvdilianoba, mousavlianoba gvalvebis gamo da
periodebis ricxvi. sxva) zogjer masobriv xasiaTs Rebulobs.
Tu Senatanebi wlis manZilze Zalian mkveTrad icvleba, amitom qveyanaSi arsebobs sadazRvevo sistema, romelic
maSin umjobesia gamoviyenoT saSualo Sewonili ariTmetikulis iTvaliswinebs calkeuli pirebis socialuri dacvisa da qonebis

formula: S
 Sf anazRaurebis safinanso uzrunvelyofas. statistika, rogorc
masobrivi socialur-ekonomikuri movlenebisa da procesebis
f raodenobriobis Semswavleli mecniereba, farTod gamoiyeneba am
tipis safinanso-ekonomikur urTierTobaTa Seswavlis saqmeSiac.
sadac S - larebis raodenoba, romlebic inaxeboda ama dazRvevis sistema SeiZleba iyos saxelmwifoebrivi da
Tu im periodiT; kerZo. orive maTgani SeiZleba moicavdes socialur, pirad da
f - Senaxvis periodis dReebis ricxvi. qonebriv dazRvevas.
Tu am formulas SevabrunebT, miviRebT Senaxvis saSualo sazogadoebaSi yvelaze adre warmoiSva qonebrivi
vadas. dazRveva, rac Tavidanve dakavSirebuli iyo avariebTan, stiqiur
ubedurebasTan da qurdobasTan. statistika Seiswavlis am
72 73

movlenebis raodenobriobas rogorc absoluturi, ise travmatizmis SemTxvevaTa koeficienti (am mizezebiT gamowveul
SefardebiTi maCveneblebiT. absoluturi an moculobiTi araSromisunarianTa ricxvi 10000 momuSaveze), daavadebis
maCveneblebia: saerTo sadazRvevo Tanxa, sadazRvevo mindori, sirTulis koeficienti (erTi daavadebis saSualo
sadazRvevo obieqtebis ricxvi, dazaralebuli obieqtebis xangrZlivoba), daavadebis da travmatizmis saSiSroebis
ricxvi, sadazRvevo SemTxvevaTa raodenoba da sxva. saerTo koeficienti (daavadebiT an travmatizmiT dakargul dReTa
sadazRvevo Tanxa ganisazRvreba avariebis, stiqiuri ubedurebisa raodenoba 10000 momuSaveze) da a.S.
da qurdobis albaTobis mixedviT. vinaidan dazRvevis erTerTi saxeobaa agreTve, piradi dazRveva.
urTierTdamoukidebeli SemTxveviTi sidideebia, amitom maTi piradi dazRvevis saxeebia ubeduri SemTxvevebisa sicocxlis
albaTobis jami udris calkeuli SemTxveviTi sididis dazRveva. ubeduri SemTxvevebi (sikvdili an Sromisunarianobis
albaTobaTa jams; dakargva) savsebiT albaTur xasiaTs atarebs da dazRvevis
soflis meurneobaSi qonebrivi dazRveva xSirad gadaxda warmoebs maSin, Tu SemTxvevebi moxda afeTqebiT,
vrceldeba mousavlianobis SemTxvevebze (setyva, gvalva, transportSi iaraRis gamoyenebiT, sidamwvris, daxrCobis,
stiqiuri ubedureba da sxva). Tu magaliTad, dazRveva 50%- cxovebis Tavdasxmisa da sxva SemTxvevebiT. ubeduri
iania, maSin saxelmwifo aanazRaurebs saSualo saheqtaro da SemTxvevebis dazRveva umTavresad erTi wlis vadiT xdeba.
faqtiur mosavlianobaTa Soris sxvaobis naxevars da a.S. 2009 wlis 31 dekembris mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos
yvelaze gavrcelebuli da didmasStabiania socialuri sadazRvevo bazarze moqmedebda 14 sadazRvevo kompania.
dazRveva. saxelmwifo institucionaluri erTeulebis mzRvevelebis mier mowodebuli monacemebidan gamomdinare,
miznobrivi socialuri anaricxebis xarjze qmnis biujets, moziduli premiis mixedviT, romelic sadazRvevo
romelsac Semdeg iyenebs moqalaqeTa dazRvevisaTvis xelSekrulebebSi dafiqsirebul jamur sadazRvevo premias
avadmyofobis, travmatizmis, sapensio, mSobiarobis, Cvili warmoadgens, sadazRvevo bazris koncentracia 83.6 procentiT
bavSvebis da sxvaTa uzrunvelsayofad. statistika Seiswavlis xuT sadazRvevo kompaniaze modis.
araSromisunarianTa saerTo ricxovnobas, maT struqturas, 2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaformda 1,832,453 sadazRvevo
sqesis, asakis, socialuri da sxva niSnebis mixedviT, polisi. moqmedi polisebidan 116,568 Seadgenda fizikur pirebze
daavadebaTa saerTo ricxovnobas, dedebis da Cvili bavSvebis gacemul polisebs, 2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi dazRveuli
saerTo ricxovnobas, romelsac gaeweva ufaso samedicino saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebaTa raodenoba 29,936
momsaxureba, daxmarebani fexmZimobisa da mSobiarobis dros, Seadgens, xolo sahaero da mcuravi satransporto saSualebaTa
Svebulebis anazRaureba, Seiswavlis pensionerTa saerTo raodenoba, Sesabamisad 43-is da 17-is tolia.
ricxovnobas da maT struqturas moxucebulobis, avadmyofobis, statistikuri angariSgebis mixedviT 2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi
marCenalis dakargvis gamo, invalidobis da sxva niSnebis mozidulma jamurma premiam 372.4 mln lari Seadgina, xolo
mixedviT. aqve gamoiyofa invalidebi 100%-iani (I jgufi). 50%- mzRvevelebis mier sakuTari riskebis gadanawilebis mizniT
iani (II jgufi) da 25%-iani (III jgufi) Sromis unarianobis gaformebuli gadazRvevis xelSekrulebebis Sesabamisma
dakargviT. gadazRvevis premiam 48.6 mln lari Seadgina. moziduli jamuri
statistika angariSobs agreTve, socialuri dazRvevis premia 2008 wlis Sesabamis maCvenebels 34 procentiT, xolo
SefardebiT maCveneblebs. aqedan mniSvnelovania daavadebaTa da 2007 wlis maCvenebels 213 procentiT aRemateba. rogorc
74 75

monacemebidan Cans, 2009 wels moziduli premiebis zrdis zaralebSi 6.5 procentiT mniSvnelovani wili uWiravs
tendencia Semcirebulia 2008 welTan SedarebiT, radgan 2008 saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebaTa dazRvevas, aseve SeiZleba
wlis moziduli premia 135 procentiT aRemateboda 2007 wlis gamovyoT valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis dazRveva 1.5 procentiT.
monacems. aRniSnuli maRali zrdis tempi mniSvnelovanwilad
ganapiroba janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxelmwifo programis Ffulis Rirebulebis zrda procentis daricxvisas.
amoqmedebam, romelsac sadazRvevo bazarze sakmaod didi wili
uWiravs. 2009 wels wina welTan SedarebiT zogierT saxeobaSi investirebuli an nasesxebi fuli warmoadgens anabris an
SeiniSneboda moziduli premiis Semcirebac (sicocxlis valis ZiriTad Tanxas da mas uwodeben prinsipals.
dazRveva, tvirTebis dazRveva, qonebis dazRveva, saxmeleTo investirebuli fuli sargeblis saxiT gamoimuSavebs
satransporto saSualebaTa dazRveva), Tumca saerTo jamSi, procents, anu mas ericxeba procenti, romelsac investori
bazris moculoba 1/3-iT aris gazrdili. aRniSnuli zrda iRebs da piriqiT, nasesxeb fulze msesxebeli ixdis procents.
didwilad ganapiroba martivi procentis SemTxvevaSi, wlis ganmavlobaSi
samedicino dazRvevis saxeobaSi (54 procenti) moziduli procentis saxiT daricxuli Tanxa ar emateba ZiriTad
premiis zrdam, radgan es saxeoba ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens kapitals (prinsipals.) mag: 100 l.-ze gadasaxdeli (an
jamur monacemebSi da misi cvlileba mniSvnelovnad aisaxeba misaRebi) 15%-iani martivi saprocento ganakveTis SemTxvevaSi
saerTo monacemebze. daricxuli Tanxebi pirvel, meore da mesame wels Sesabamisad
moziduli jamuri premiis maCveneblebis mixedviT SeiZleba iqneba 15 l., 30 l, da 45 l.
gamovyoT qonebis (8.2 procenti), saxmeleTo satransporto martivi procentis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi
saSualebaTa (7.6 procenti) da valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis (5.4 formulebi:
procenti) dazRveva. dazRvevis sxva saxeobebi metnaklebad PRT 100 I 100 I
Tanabari TanafardobiT monawileoben mozidul premiaSi. aqve
I p  T
100 an RT an PR
unda gamovyoT dazRvevis 2 saxeoba, sadac saqmianoba saerTod
sadac:
ar ganxorcielebula, es saxeobebia: sarkinigzo satransporto
P = prinsipali (ZiriTadi Tanxa)
saSualebaTa dazRveva da iuridiuli xarjebis dazRveva. 2009
R = wliuri saprocento ganakveTi %
wlis sadazRvevo Semosavlis 77.9 procents samedicino
T = dro (wlebis raodenoba)
dazRveva Seadgens, xolo 8.1 procentiT meore adgilze
I = procentis saxiT dagrovili Tanxa
saxmeleTo satransporto saSualebaTa dazRveva modis. aseve
magaliTi:
dazRvevis sxva saxeobebidan sadazRvevo SemosavalSi SedarebiT
pirovneba yoveli wlis pirvel ianvars awarmoebs 160l.-
maRali wiliT SeiZleba gamovyoT qonebis (3.7 procenti) da
is investicias, xolo 31 dekembers investirebul Tanxas
valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis (3.2 procenti) dazRveva.
wliuri 12%-iana ganakveTiT ericxeba sargebeli, romelic
sadazRvevo kompaniebis 2009 wlis sadazRvevo zaralis
grovdeba calke angariSze. mas, Tavis mxriv, ar ericxeba
odenoba 173.1 mln lars Seadgens. aqedan 155.1 mln lari
aranairi procenti. gamoTvaleT mTliani Tanxa, romelic
samedicino dazRvevaze modis. sxva saxeobebTan SedarebiT
investors unda daubrundes 31 dekembers mexuTe 160 l.-is
sadazRvevo
Setanis Semdeg.
 76 77

2. 1100 10 1100+110=1210
weli(1 ianvari) investireba (l.) procenti (31 dekemberi)  1100  110
100
1. 160 12
160  19.20 lari 3. 1210 10 1210+121=1331
100  1210  121
100
2. 160+160=320 12
 320  38.40 lari 4. 1331 10 1331+133.1=1464.1
100  1331  133.1
3. 160+320=480 100
12
 480  57.60 lari
100 amocanis amoxsnis alternatiuli Canaweri iqneba:
4. 160+480=640 12
 640  76.80 lari weli prinsipali(l) mTliani Tanxa(l)
100
5. 160+640=800 1. 1000 1000(1+0.1)=1100
12
 800  96.00 lari
100 2. 1000(1+0.1) 1000(1+0.1)(1+0.1)=1000(1+0.1)2=1210

3. 1000(1+0.1)2 1000(1+0.1)2(1+0.1)=1000(1+0.1)3=1331
sul mTliani Tanxa mexuTe wlis 31 dekembrisaTvis =
(800+288) l. (prinsipali da martivi procenti jamSi) = 1088
4. 1000(1+0.1)3 1000(1+0.1)3(1+0.1)=1000(1+0.1)4=1464.1
lars

rTuli procentis SemTxvevaSi, yovelwliurad daricxuli

amrigad, rTuli procentis SemTxvevaSi, mTliani (A) Tanxa
procenti emateba ZiriTad Tanxas da momdevno wells procentis
n_uri wlis bolosaTvis gamoisaxeba formuliT:
daricxva warmoebs jamur Tanxaze.
magaliTad, 1,000l-ze daricxuli 10%-iani wliuri, rTuli A  P(1  r )n
saprocento ganakveTis SemTxvevaSi oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi sadac 100r = procentis (%) saxiT warmodgenil wliur
dagrovili Tanxa gamoiTvleba Semdegnairad: saprocento ganakveTis (sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, am formulaSi
procenti warmodgenilia aTwiladis saxiT. magaliTad, 12%-s
formulaSi CavwerT, rogorc 0,12).
weli prinsipali(l) procenti(l) mTliani Tanxa(l) rTuli procentebi, ZiriTadad, gxvdeba Semnaxvel anabrebze.
1. 1000 10 1000+100=1100
 1000  100 momavali Rirebuleba gviCvenebs mocemuli momentisaTvis
100 investirebuli Tanxis Rirebulebas momavalSi.
 78 79

magaliTi magaliTi
a) gamoTvaleT 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi procentis saxiT mocemulia xuTwliani anuiteti yovelwliurad 100l-is
dagrovili Tanxa, Tu wliuri rTuli saprocento ganakveTi = 4%-s, gadaxdiT. anuitetis saprocento ganakveTi Seadgens 10%-s. ra iqneba
ZiriTadi Tanxa = 624l. am anuitetis saboloo anu momavali Rirebuleba? (am anuitetis
b) gansazRvreT is Tanxa, romlis investireba saWiroa dRes koeficienti cxrilidan = 6.1051).
5%-iani wliuri, rTuli saprocento ganakveTiT imisaTvis, rom 10 anuitetis momavali Riurebuleba formulis saSualebiT
wlis mere miviRoT 10,000l. Semdegnairad gamoiTvleba: FV(momavali Rirebuleba) me-5 wels =
amoxsna 100l x 6.1051 = 610.51l
a) gamoviyenoT A  P(1  r ) formula, sadac: P=624l, r=0.04
n
moyvanil magaliTebSi procentebis daricxva simartivisaTvis
da n=10
xdeboda weliwadSi erTxel. magram, SesaZlebelia, procentis
maSin: A=624(1+0.04)10=624(1.04)10=923/67
daricxva xdebodes yovelkvartalurad, yovelTviurad da
amrigad, dagrovili rTuli procenti = (923.67-624)l =
yoveldRiuradac ki. am SemTxvevebSic igive formula gamoiyeneba,
299.67l.
mxolod erTmaneTisagan unda ganvasxvavoT wliuri da nominaluri
b) A  P(1  r )n formulaSi SevitanoT A=10000l, r=0.05 da saprocento ganakveTebi.
n=10 finansuri institutebi, ZiriTadad, iyeneben or saprocento
gveqneba: ganakveTs: pirvelia – nominaluri ganakveTi, xolo meore – wliuri
10000 (moqmedi) saprocento ganakveTi da aRiniSneba (APR) simboloTi.
10000=P(1+0.05)10 P P=6139.13l.
(1.05)10 magaliTi
amrigad, 6,139.13 aris investirebisTvis saWiro Tanxa. sakredito baraTebiT operaciebis warmoebisaTvis kompania
yovelTviurad iRebs sakomisios 3.5%-is odenobiT. davuSvaT, rom
klientma sakredito baraTiT SeiZina 100l-is Rirebulebis saqoneli
anuiteti – aris yovelwliurad erTi da imave Tanxebis da mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi ar gadaixada sakomisio. gamoTvaleT
regularulad miReba (gadaxda). anuiteti fuladi nakadia. anuitetis klientis davalianeba wlis bolosaTvis da wliuri saprocento
momavali Rirebuleba (anu gadaxdisas dagrovili mTliani Tanxa) ganakveTi (APR).
SegviZlia gamovTvaloT Semdegi formuliT:
P(1  r ) n  1 amoxsna
momavali Rirebuleba n-uri wlisaTvis  12 Tvis bolosaTvis davalianebis Tanxa iqneba:
r
n
anuitetis amocana SegviZlia amovxsnaT formulis gamoyenebis  r 
gareSec anuitetis cxrilebis saSualebiT. cxrilebSi mocemulia a  P1  
koeficientebi anuitetis saprocento ganakveTisa da gadaxdis  100 
periodebis mixedviT. sadac:
P=sawyisi Tanxaa
 80 81

r=saprocento ganakveTia Tanxebis gadavadebis, TavisTavad, axlavs riski SesaZloa

n=drois periodia fondma, sadac investireba ganxorcielda, ver aanazRauros Tanxebi
a=dagrovili Tanxaa periodis bolosaTvis erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi.
12 100l-is tolia Tanxis miRebiT dRes, Sansigvaqvs miviRoT am
 3.5 
amrigad, 100  1    151.11 Tanxaze sargebeli procentis saxiT. magaliTisaTvis, usafrTxoa
 100  sabanko depozitze Tanxis ganTavsebis Semdeg, erTi wlis vadaSi,
APR,Sesabamisad, gamoiTvleba Semdegi formuliT: procentis saxiT miviRebT10l. xolo Tu Cven erTi wlis Semdeg
 r  miviRebdiT 100l, Cvens davkargavdiT procentebs,romlebic SegveZlo
100  1    151.11 migveRo sabanko depozitidan.
 100  inflacia amcirebs 100l-is Rirebulebas.sxva sityvebiT rom
aqedan: 100l-iT dRes SevisyidiT ufro met produqts,vidre imace TanxiT
 r  erti wlis Semdeg.
100   51.11 r=51.11% APR=51.11% gansxvavebul situaciebSi fuls gaaCnia gansxvevebuli droiTi
 100  Rirebuleba. magaliTad: is, visTvisac fulis droiT Rirebulebas
arsebobs formulebi martivi da rTuli procentebis
didi mniSvneloba aqvs, ar daTanxmdeba 100l-is miRebis gadavadebas,
gamosaTvlelad.
Tu sargebeli misgan ar eqneba maRali, dauSvaT 50l erTi wlis
ganmavlobaSi. sxvisTvis, visTvisac fulis droiT Rirebulebas
fuladi nakadebis diskontirebisas mxedvelobaSi miiReba maTi
arsebiTi mniSvneloba ara aqvs, SesaZlebelia misaRebi iyos wlis
droiTi Rirebuleba. diskontirebis procesSi momavali fuladi
ganmavlobaSi mxolod 1l-iani sargeblis miRebac ki. am meorisTvis
nakadebis Rirebuleba daiyvaneba axlandel Rirebulebaze, rac
fulis droiTi Rirebuleba dabalia. pirvelisTvis dRevandeli 100l-
TavisTavad niSnavs Semdegs: ra Rirs dRes is Tanxa, romelsac
is Rirebuleba tolia 150l-is erTi wlis Semdeg, xolo meorisaTvis
miviRebT momavalSi.
101l-is. Tumca orive SemTxvevaSi 150l-is da 101l-is mimdinare
ori sainvesticio proeqtis Sedarebis umartives meTods
Rirebuleba erTi da igivea da tolia 100l.
warmoadgens maTi fuladi nakadebis Sedareba. upiratesoba mieniWeba
fulis droiTi Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba fuladi nakadebis
im proeqts, romelsac gaaCnia ufro didi sufTa fuladi nakadi
diskontirebiT.
(yvela amonagebisa da xarjis gaTvaliswinebiT). Tumca, es martivi
diskontirebis meTodi, romelic fundametnaluria fuladi
meTodi ar iTvaliswinebs fulis droiT Rirebulebas.
nakadebis mimdinare Rirebulebis daTvlisas, warmoadgens rTuli
cxadia, investirebuli Tanxis miReba umjobesia moxdes droSi
procentis gamoTvlis piruku meTods.
adre, xolo nasesxebi Tanxis dabruneba _droSi gvian. dro
magaliTi
gansazRvravs fulis droiTRirebulebas.
klientma bankSi Seitana anabari 2,000l-is odenobiT, 5%-iani
martivad rom vTqvaT, visurvebdiT migveRo 100l axla vidre
wliuri rTuli saprocento sargebelis ganakveTis sargeblis qveS.
erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. amis asaxsnelad SeiZleba ramdenime mizezi
mogeTxovebaT, gamoTvaloT:
arsebobdes:
a) Tanxa, romelic dagrovili iqneba klientis angariSze
erTi wlis Semdeg
 82 83

ori wlis Semdeg 1

sami wlia Semdeg Px1.05=2,500l P  2,500x  2.380.95 l
b) Tanxa, romelic saWiroa depozitze Sesatanad, rom miviRoT
1.05
2,381l-is investireba wliuri 5%-is SemTxvevaSi mogvcems
2,500l
119.05l, rac jamSi udris 2,500l)
erTi wlis Semdeg
me-2 wlis Semdeg rom miviRoT 2,500l dRes unda moxdes
ori wlis Semdeg
Semdegi Tanxis investireba:
sami wlia Semdeg
1
amoxsna Px1.052=2,500l P  2,500x  2.267.57 l
a) dagrovili Tanxa 1.052
cxadia, momavalSi misaRebi Tanxebi SeiZleba davadginoT (Semowmeba advilia, radgan 2,267.57 ori wlis Semdeg
ariTmetikuli gamoTvlebis saSvalebiT, magram ufro mosaxerxebelia procentebis daricxvis Sedegad gaizrdeba 2,500l-mde)
formulis gamoyeneba: me-3 wlis Semdeg 2,500l-is misaRebad dRes gvWirdeba:
sabolood dagrovili Tanxa S  P(1  r )
n
1
P  2,500  2.159.59
sadac, 1.053
P = prinsipali zemoT moyvanili magaliTis b) punqtSi gamovTvaleT momavali
r = wliuri saprocento ganakveTi (warmodgenili aTwiladis Tanxebis mimdinare Rirebulebebi. axla ukve Segvizlia gavakeToT
saxiT) aseTi daskvna: 5%-iani investirebisas, 1 wlis Semdeg miRebuli Tanxa-
n= wlebis raodenoba, romlis ganmavlobaSic deponirebulia 2,500l ekvivalenturia DdRevandeli 2,380.95l-isa, miuxedavad imisa,
prinsipali rom es Tanxebi sididiT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan. 2,380.95 l-s
1-li wlis Semdeg S=2,000lx(1.05)=2,100l ewodeba 2,500l-is mimdinare Rirebuleba erTi wlis vadiTa da 5%-
me-2 wlis Srmdeg S=2,000lx1.05x1.05=2,000lx1.052=2,205l iani ganakveTiT.
me-3 wlis Semdeg S=2,000lx 1.053= 2,315.25l fuladi nakadebis Semcveli produqtis Sesafaseblad
B aucilebelia ganisazRvros gasuli da Semosuli fuladi nakadebis
( romelTac momavalSi eqneba adgili) mimdinare Rirebulebebi.
b) momdinare Rirebuleba Cven mier zemoT ganxiluli diskontirebis analiziT
am SemTxvevaSi saboloo Tanxa, S cnobilia da unda vipovoT ganisazRvreba, ramdenad SesaZlebelia proeqtebSi Tanxebis investireba
prinsipali P. kvlav viyenebT formulas, saidanac gvaqvs: an sesxad aReba, procentebis miReba an gadaxda, amave dros fulis
S droiTi Rirebulebac.
P Tu gasul fulad nakadebs aviRebT uaryofiTi niSniT, xolo
(1  r ) n
Semosul nakadebs dadebiTi niSniT, maSin proeqtis wminda mimdinare
1-li wlis Semdeg rom miviRoT 2,500l, dRes unda moxdes Rirebuleba (NPV) iqneba fulis yvela nakadis diskontirebul
Semdegi Tanxis investireba: RirebulebaTa jami.
 84 85

r wliuri saprocento ganakveTis (diskontirebis ganakveTi) xolo Tavad koeficientebi warmoadgenen fulis erTeulis
pirobebSi, n raodenobis wlis Sermdeg misaRebi S Tanxis mimdinare diskontirebul Rirebulebebs, Sesabamisi procentiTa da
Rirebuleba PV gamoiTvleba formuliT: vadiT.magaliTad: cxrilSi 10% wliuri diskontirebis ganakveTis da
1 2 wlis Sesabamisi koeficienti tolia 0.826-is. es niSnavs, rom ori
PV  S  wlis Semdeg 10 %-iani diskontis ganakveTisas misaRebi 1l-is
(1  r ) n mimdinare Rirebuleba tolia 0.826l-is. mimdinare Rirebulebis
koeficientebis cxrilebi msgavsia anuitetis koeficientebis
ipoveT qvemoT moyvanili Tanxebis mimdinare Rirebulebebi: cxrilebisa.
a) 1,000l-is, romelsac miviRebT 1 wlis Semdeg
diskontirebis 10%-iani ganakveTisas. magaliTi
b) 4,000l-is, romelsac miviRebT 2 wlis Semdeg
ganixileba danadgaris Sesyidvis sakiTxi imavdroulad sakiTxi
diskontirebis 5%-iani ganakveTisas.
1.5 mln l-is gadaxdis pirobiT. mosalodneli Semosavali iqneba: 0.9
g) 10,000l-is, romelsac miviRebT 5 wlis Semdeg
mln l pirveli wlis bolos, 0.6 mln l meore wlis bolos da 0.5
diskontirebis 8%-iani ganakveTisas.
mln l mesame wlia bolos. gamoiyeneT diskontirebis koeficientebis
mimdinare Rirebulebis moZebna rTuli procentis cxrilebi da gamoTvaleT am proeqtis wminda mimdinare Rirebuleba.
gamoTvlis Sebrunebuli procesia. amoxsna
NPV(000l)= -1,500+[900x0.909]+[600x0.826]+[500x0.751]=189
1
a) PV  1000  909.09
1.10 rogorc ukve avRniSneT, aniuteti- aris yovelwliurad
(dRevandeli 909.09l tolfasia erTi wlis Semdeg erTidaigive Tanxebis regularuli gadaxda.
misaRebi 1,000l-is. xolo wlis ganmavlobaSi procentis
saxiT daricxuli Tanxa tolia 90.91l) magaliTi
1 diskontirebis 10%-iani ganakveTisas sami wlis ganmavlobaSi
b) PV  4000  3628.12 (SeamowmeT Tavad, rom warmoebs 500l-is toli Tanxebis gadaxda yovelwliurad. ipoveT
1.052
3,628.12l rTuli, 5% daricxviT ori wlis Semdeg mogvcems mocemuli anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba.
4,000l-s) mimdinare (diskontirebuli) Rirebuleba PV SegviZlia
1 davTvaloT rogorc 500l-is diskontirebul RirebulebaTa jami sami
g) PV  10000  6806 sxvadasxva periodis mixedviT:
1.085
 1   1   1 
PV  PV  500    500    500  
sainvesticio proeqtebis SefasebisaTvis saWiro gaangariSebis  (1.10)   (1.10) 2   (1.10) 3 
gasamartiveblad Seqmnilia mimdinare Rirebulebis koeficientebis
(diskontirebis koeficientebi) cxrilebi. sadac koeficientebi
 455  413  376  1244
miTiTebulia proeqtis vadisa da saprocento ganakveTebis mixedviT,
 86 87

SevniSnoT, rom diskontirebisas mimdinare momenti Seesabameba magaliTi

drois nulovan periods. maSin, drois pirveli periodi Seesabameba 5,000l-is mimdinare Rirebuleba, romelic yovelwliurad
mimdinare momentidan aTvlil pirveli wlis bolos da ase Semdeg. 5000
vTqvaT erTi da igive fuladi nakadisaTvis wminda mimdinare miiReba diskontirebis 8%-iani ganakveTiT, udris: 62500
Rirebuleba diskontis 12%-iani ganakveTisaTvis aris uaryofiTi _
0.08
97l, xolo 8%-iani ganakveTisas, dadebiTi+108l. am faqtis axsna
mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
Tema 4. monetaruli da fiskalur-sagadasaxado
sesxi 12%-iT rom yofiliyo aRebuli, saprognozo varaudi
statistika
iqneba, rom investori dakargavs daaxloebiT 97l-s.
sesxi 8%-iT rom yofiliyo aRebuli, saprognozod ivaraudeba,
rom investori gamoimuSavebs damatebiT daaxloebiT 108l-s. fuli da fuladi mimoqceva
amrigad, proeqtis wminda mimdinare Rirebulebis dadebiTi Tanamedrove ekonomikur sistemaSi fuladi nakadebi
mniSvneloba miuTiTebs proeqtis momgebianobaze. fulis raodenoba aqtiur rols TamaSoben da iTvlebian mTeli
zogjer saWiroa iseTi anuitetis mimdinare Rirebulebis ekonomikuri procesebis mTavar regulatorad.
gamoTvla, romelic droSi usasrulod didxans grZeldeba, anu saqarTvelos realobaSi istoriulad Camoyalibda da
Tanxebis gadaxda warmoebs ganusazRvreli drois ganmavlobaSi. aseT erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT ganmtkicda fuladi mimoqcevis
anuitets ewodeba usasrulo anuiteti. mimdinare Rirebuleba n-uri organizaciis forma, romelsac Tanamedrove terminologiiT
raodenoba wlebis ganmavlobaSi gadaxdili A anuitetisa r ewoda fuladi sistema, xolo aRniSnuli sistemis Semadgeneli
diskontirebis ganakveTisas moicema Semdegi formuliT: elementebia: fuladi erTeuli, fulis emisiis sesxebi da
Tanmimdevroba. Cveni qveynis mTavroba yvelanairad uwyobs xels
1 1 
mimdinare Rirebuleba  A  1   mimoqcevaSi fulis raodenobis regulirebas, ayalibebs
r  (1  r )n  saxelmwifos fulad-sakredito politikas, romelic SeiZleba
ra moxdeba,Tu am formulaSi n gaxdeba usasrulod didi? ganvixiloT or aspeqtSi.
roca n miiswrafvis usasrulobisken, maSin (1+r)n-is mniSvnelobac farTo gagebiT fulad- sakredito politikis
1 funqciaSi Sedis: fuladi reformis gatareba, naRdi fulis
miiswrafvis usasrulobisaken da maSin wiladi miiswrafvis emisia, mTavrobis mier sxvadasxva obligaciebis gamoSveba, xolo
(1  r) n viwro gagebiT fulad-sakredito politika moicavs fulis
nulisken. aqedan gamomdinare, diskontirebis koeficienti miiswrafvis mimoqcevaze mxolod iribi zedamxadvelobis normebs. fuladi
1 reforma tardeba fuladi mimoqcevis mosawesrigeblad da igi
sken.
r iTvaliswinebs fuladi sistemis srul an nawilobriv
uwyveti A anuitetis mimdinare Rirebuleba r gardaqmnas.
xolo rac Seexeba uSualod fulisa da fuladi
A
diskontirebis ganakveTisas, gamoisaxeba formuliT: PV  . mimoqcevis statistikas, igi warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes
R meqanizms radgan swored misi meSveobiT xdeba fuladi
88 89

mimoqcevis sferoSi mimdinare masobrivi movlenebis fulis mimoqcevis siCqare;

raodenobrivi mxaris Sefaseba. fulis realuri masa;
Cveni qveynis fulad-sakredito sistemaSi fuladi nominaluri da realuri fuladi masebis indeqsi;
mimoqcevis statistikis obieqtad iTvleba fuladi sistemis fulis brunvis siCqaris indeqsi;
obieqtebi: oficialuri fuladi erTeuli, fulis emisiis ekonomikis monetarizaciis done;
saxeebi da Tanmimdevroba, fuladi mimoqcevis organizaciis fulis msyidvelobiTi unari;
formebi da regulirebis meTodebi. fulis saxeebis bloki ki moicavs:
fulisa da fuladi mimoqcevis statistikis mizania naRdi fuli mimoqcevaSi;
fulad-sakredito sistemis maregulirebeli organoebis naRdi fuli ara sabanko sistemaSi;
uzrunvelyofa Sesabamisi utyuari informaciiT, fuladi naRdi fuli sabanko salaroebSi;
sistemis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. unaRdo fulis masa;
fuladi mimoqcevis statistikis ZiriTadi amocanebia: fuladi multiplikatori;
fuladi masis zomebis, struqturis da dinamikis fuladi baza;
gamoTvla, da misi ganawileba regionebSi da mosaxleobis fasiani qaRaldebi fulad mimoqcevaSi;
jgufebSi; msoflio fuli;
naRdi da unaRdo emisiis parametrebis gansazRvra; fuladi masis maCveneblebis bloki axasiaTebs
naRdi fulis kupiurebis gansazRvra; fulis masis gamoTvlis sxvadasxva tipis midgomas da Seicavs:
im raodenobrivi parametrebis gamovlineba, romlebic fuladi agregatebis tradiciul sistemas:
asaxaven fulis mimoqcevis gavlenas ekonomikaze da inflaciis M0
doneze. fuladi agregati
fulisa da fuladi mimoqcevis statistikis fuladi agregati
M1
maCveneblebi Seadgenen sam urTierTdakavSirebul bloks:
makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis bloks, romelic fuladi agregati
M2
gansazRvravs fulisa da fuladi mimoqcevis kavSirs ekonomikis
realur seqtorTan. fuladi agregati _ es aris iseTi likviduri
fulis saxeebis bloki; finansuri aqtivebis moculobis maCvenebeli, romelic
fulis masis maCveneblebis bloki anu fuladi gamoiyeneba fulis nacvlad. maCveneblebis nacionaluri sistema
agregatebis bloki. Seicavs Semdegi saxis fulis agregatebs:
am blokebidan TiToeuli Seicavs maCvenebelTa M
garkveul nakrebs. fulis agregati 0 _ Seicavs absoluturad
makroekonomikuri bloki moicavs Semdeg likvidur aqtivebs, naRd fuls mimoqcevaSi.
maCveneblebs : fuladi agregati
M 1 (saxsrebi romlebic arsebobs
fulis nominaluri masa; dawesebulebebis da organizaciebis angariSebze) + (saxelmwifo
fulis brunva; dazRvevis saxsrebi) + (mosaxleobis depozitebi Semnaxvel
90 91

bankebSi moTxovnamde) + (mosaxleobis da sawarmoebis

depozitebi komerciul bankebSi) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
1521.6 1924.9 2689.9 4027.5 4305.1 4656.8
fuladi agregati M2 mosaxleobis vadiani
farTo fuli M3
fulis masa M 2 847.2 1071.0 1392.8 2149.3 1862.5 2139.5
depozitebi Semnaxvel bankebSi. aRniSnuli agregati M 2 aris
bankebs gareT 616.0 736.3 827.4 1152.1 1082.6 1186.8
ZiriTadi maCvenebeli statistikaSi. arsebuli
M M2 + naRdi fuli M0
fuladi agregati 3 = (depozituri
serTifikatebi) + (saxelmwifo obligaciebi). sadepoziti 231.2 334.8 565.5 997.2 779.9 1035.8
valdebulebebi
M3 (erovnul valutaSi)
agregats xSirad uwodeben “erTobliv fulad
masas.” Anu farTo fuli. sadepoziti 674.4 853.9 1297.0 1878.2 2442.6 2517.3
amasTanave ssf-is meTodologiis Tanaxmad fuladi valdebulebebi
(ucxour valutaSi)
masis dasaxasiaTeblad miRebulia Semdegi agregatebi: 79.8 75.8 66.7 61.0 69.3 57.5
agregati “fuli” – moicavs bankebis da moTxovnamde M 0 -is wili M 2 -Si
anabrebis gareT arsebul fuls. e.i. igi warmoadgens faqtiurad %
55.7 55.6 51.8 53.4 43.3 45.9
qveynis gankargulebaSi arsebul mTel fulad saxsrebs da igi M 2 -is wili M 3 -Si
M 1 -is analogiuria. %
lari mimoqcevaSi 676.2 811.4 929.5 1310.5 1290.7 1457.9
agregati “kvazi fuli” – warmoadgens fuladi
sistemis likvidur depozitebs da moicavs vadian da Semnaxvel
depozitebs, aseve depozitebs ucxour valutaSi. cxrilidan Cans, rom Zalian swrafi tempebiT gaizarda
agregati “farTe fuli” – es aris “fuli” da “kvazi fulis masa saqarTveloSi 2004-2009 wlebSi, gaizarda
fuli” agregatebis jami. sadepozito valdebulebebi erovnul valutaSi, xolo
agregatebis aseTi klasifikacia saSualebas iZleva SedarebiT naklebi tempebiT gaizarda sadepozito
gakontroldes da gaanalizdes ekonomikaSi fulis wyaroebis valdebulebani ucxour valutaSi. Semcirda bankebs gareT
miwodebis struqtura da dinamika. arsebuli naRdi fulis wili fulis masaSi, rac miuTiTebs
saqarTvelosi sabanko sistemis ganviTarebaze.
saqarTveloSi erovnuli bankis monacemebiT agregatebis fulis ZiriTadi masa qveyanaSi mimoiqceva sabanko
mixedviT (milion larebSi) fulis masis dinamika 2004-2008 sistemis meSveobiT. amitom saxelmwifo sabanko kreditis
wlebSi Semdeg suraTs iZleva: statistikur Seswavlas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis
sabanko politikis SemuSavebis saqmeSi. sabazro ekonomikis
pirobebSi sakredito operaciebs bankebis orsafexuriani sistema
92 93

anxorcielebs. am sistemis pirvel safexurze dgas qveynis arsebobs biujetis sxvadasxva saxeebi. maT Sorisaa naerTi
mTavari, erovnuli banki, xolo meoreze - komerciuli bankebi. (konslidirebuli) biujeti, saxelmwifo biujeti da
teritoriuli erTeulebis biujetebi. naerTi biujti moicavs
fiskaluri ekonomikuri politikis statistika saxelmwifo da teritoriuli erTeulebis biujetebs. Tavis
mxriv, saxelmwifo biujeti moicavs centralur biujetsa da
saxelmwifo banki qveyanaSi atarebs ekonomikis specialuri saxelmwifo fondebis biujetebs. ekonomikuri
regulirebis fulad-sakredito politikas. amisaTvis awesebs Teoriis mixedviT biujetis Semsavlebis xuTi wyaroa
komerciuli bankebisaTvis moziduli Tanxebis savaldebulo dasaxelebuli: gadasaxadi Semosavalze, gadasaxadi moxmarebaze,
rezervebis normebs, maT mier gacemuli kreditebisaTvis da gadasaxadi sakuTrebaze, arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi da sxva
fasiani qaRaldebis SeZenisaTvis saWiro da savaldebulo gadasaxadebi.
normativebs. saxelmwifo banki gascems, agreTve, kreditebs amis garda Semosavlebi moicavs, agreTve, oficialur
saerTod da komerciuli bankebis refinansirebisaTvis. transpertebsac, romlebic aris araanazRaurebadi,
saxelmwifo sabanko politikis meSveobiT anxorcielebs, aradabrunebadi, araaucilebeli Semosavlebi.
agreTve, qveyanaSi sakredito urTierTobaTa regulirebas da maT gaaCniaT nebayofobiTi xasiaTi Cuqebis, reparaciebis
amiT xels uwyobs erovnuli valutis kursis ganmtkicebas. (gamarjvebuli qveynis mier omiT miyenebuli zaralis
saxelmwifo, safinanso ekonomikuri politikis erTerTi anazRaureba damarcxebuli qveynisaTvis), subvenciebis
Semadgeneli nawilia, agreTve, fiskaluri ekonomikuri, anu (centraluri organoebis mier miznobrivi dafinansebisaTvis
sabiujeto-sagadasaxado politika, rasac is anxorcielebs qvemdgomi organoebisaTvis Tanxebis gamoyofa) da sxvaTa saxiT.
fiskaluri statistikis meSveobiT. saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier rekomendirebulia
fiskaluri statistika Seiswavlis sabiujeto saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis Semdegnairi klasifikacia:
Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis (maT Soris sagadasaxado I. saerTaSoriso Semosavlebi da miRebuli oficialuri
Semosavlebis) dones anu moculobas, struqturas, dinamikas da transpertebi (II + VII);
maTze moqmedi faqtorebis korelaciur-regresiul analizs. II. saerTaSoriso Semosavlebi (III + V);
sityva biujeti inglisuri warmoSobisaa (Budget) da III. mimdinare Semosavlebi (IV + V);
niSnavs CanTas. cnobilia, rom me-17 saukunis inglisSi lordTa IV. sagadasaxado Semosavlebi (maT Soris: saSemosavlo,
palatis winaSe moxsenebiT gamomsvlel xazinis kanclers win mogebis, kapitalis sabazro Rirebulebis gadidebis,
fuliT savse tomara edo, romelsac tribunis nacvlad socdazRvevis anaricxebis, xelflasis fondisa da samuSao
dasayrdnoblad iyenebda. ase warmoTqvamda kancleri sityvas Zalis, sakuTrebis, saqonlisa da momsaxurebis, sagareo
qveynis finansebis wyaroebisa da xarjebis Sesaxeb, romelsac vaWrobisa da sagareo operaciebis da sxva gadasaxadebi);
,,biujets~ uwodeben. amis Semdeg dRemde biujeti yvela qveynis V. arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi;
fuladi resursebis warmoqmnisa da ganawilebis gegmis saxiTaa VI. Semosavlebi kapitalis operaciebidan;
cnobili da centralur adgils iWers fiskaluri politikis VII. miRebuli oficialuri transpertebi.
SemuSavebis saqmeSi. arsebobs, agreTve, sabiujeto xarjebis saerTaSoriso
klasifikaciebi. maT Soris ZiriTadi funqcionaluri
94 95

(saxelmwifos Sesasrulebeli funqciebis mixedviT) sabiujeto fondebi) Semosavali, arasagadasaxado Semosavlebi (Semosavlebi
xarjebis klasifikaciaa, romlis mixedviTac gamoiyofa: privatizaciidan da sxv.) da grantebi.
1. saerTo xasiaTis saxelmwifo momsaxurebis xarjebi;
2. Tavdacvis xarjebi; 2001-2007 wlebSi saqarTvelos naerTi biujetis
3. saxelmwifo wesrigisa da usafrTxoebis xarjebi; mixedviT Semosavlebi Semdeg suraTs iZleva:
4. ganaTlebis xarjebi; saqarTvelos naerTi biujetis Semosavlebi (mln lari)
5. jandacvis xarjebi;
6. socdazRvevisa da socuzrunvelyofis xarjebi; 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
7. sabinao-komunaluri xarjebi; Semosavlebi da 739.7 817.4 933.1 1773.7 2607.8 3773.2 5158.6
8. dasvenebis organizaciis, kulturisa da religiis grantebi
xarjebi; Semosavlebi 691.6 794.8 884.6 1649.0 2503.3 3579.2 4935.1
9. saTbob-energetikuli kompleqsis xarjebi; sul:
10. soflisa da xe-tyis meurneobis, TevzWerisa da maT Soris:
samonadireo xarjebi; sagadasaxado 630.5 722.6 806.6 1322.1 1836.0 2633.1 3732.6
11. samTomopovebuli mrewvelobisa da sasargeblo Semosavlebi
wiaRiseulis (saTbobis gamoklebiT), gadamamuSavebeli arasagadasaxado 61.1 72.1 78.1 259.9 280.4 482.5 753.4
mrewvelobisa da mSeneblobis xarjebi; ucxouri 48.1 22.6 48.4 124.7 104.5 194.0 223.5
12. transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis xarjebi; grantebi
13. sxva saxis momsaxurebis xarjebi, romlebic
dakavSirebulia ekonomikis saqmianobasTan;
14. xarjebi, romlebic ar miekuTvneba ZiriTad jgufebs. cxrilSi mocemuli absoluturi sidideebi TavisTavad
biujetis Semosavlebsa da danaxarjebs Soris sxvaoba ver axasiaTeben raime kanonzomierebas.
gvaZlevs deficits (xarjebi Warbobs Semosavlebs) an amitom saWiroa struqturis, dinamikis da sxva saxis
proficits (xarjebi naklebia Semosavlebze). saerTaSoriso SefardebiTi sidideebis gaangariSeba. 2001 wels naerTi
savaluto fondis mier rekomendirebulia deficitis Sesavsebad biujetis mTlian SemosavlebSi sagadasaxado Semosavlebs eWira
saSinao (Tanxebi miRebuli saxelmwifos sxva seqtoridan) da 630.5
sagareo (Tanxebi miRebuli ucxoeTidan) dafinanseba.  100  85.2%
saqarTvelos biujetis Semosavlebi da xarjebi agebulia 739.7
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis rekomendaciebis mixedviTa da arasagadasaxado Semosavlebs
adgilobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. SemosavlebSia 61.1
 100  8.3%
sagadasaxado (saSemosavlo, mogebis, damatebuli Rirebulebis, 739.7
aqcizis, sabaJo da sxva gadasaxadebi), saxelmwifo fondebis xolo grantebs
(dasaqmebis, socuzrunvelyofis, sagzao da sxva saxelmwifo
96 97

48.1 romliTac uSualod pirdapir ibegreba gadamxdelis Semosavali

 100  6.5% da qoneba (saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, miwis gadasaxadi,
739.7 socialuri dazRveva, ekologiuri gadasaxadi da sxv.)
2007 wels es maCveneblebi Seadgenda Sesabamisad 72.4 %-
arapirdapiri, romelic wesdeba saqonlis fasze, agreTve
s, 14.6 %-s, 4.3 %-s, rogorc Cans, Semcirda sagadasaxado
momsaxurebis tarifze wanamatis saxiT da romlis uSualo
Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili da gaizarda arasagadasaxado
gadamxdelia momxmarebeli. magram vinaidan is fasSi Sedis,
SemosavlebiT xvedriTi wili. es niSnavs qonebis privatizaciis
biujetSi gadaixdeba gamyidvelis mier (damatebuli
tempebis daCqarebas saqarTveloSi.
Rirebulebis gadasaxadi, saaqcizo gadasaxadi, sabaJo
Semosavlebis dinamika 2001-2007 gviCvenebs, rom mkveTrad
gadasaxadi, saqmianobis monopoliur saxeebze gadasaxadi da
gaizarda biujetis Semosavlebi vardebis revoluciis Semdgom
sxv.).
periodSi, rac gadasaxadebis amoRebis administrirebis
gamoyenebis niSniT gadasaxadebi ori saxisaa: saerTo (Tavs
gaZlierebasa da Crdilovani ekonomikis Semcirebaze mianiSnebs.
iyris erTian saxelmwifo xazinaSi da gamoiyeneba saerTo
miznebis dasafinanseblad) da specialuri (socialuri
saxelmwifos fiskaluri ekonomikuri politikis
dazRvevis Tanxa, sagzao fondi, da sxv.), romlis Tanxebi
gatarebis ZiriTadi instrumenti sagadasaxado sistemaa.
miznobrivia da gamoiyeneba mxolod specialuri daniSnulebiT.
ekonomikuri Teoriis ganmartebiT gadasaxadi savaldebulo
sagadamxdelo ganakveTebis mixedviT SeiZleba gvqondes
mosakrebia, romelsac mTliani erovnuli produqciis
fiqsirebuli (dabegvris erTeulze dawesebuli myari,
ganawilebisa da gadanawilebis gziT qveynis iuridiuli da
fiqsirebuli sagadasaxado ganakveTi, romelic ar icvleba
fizikuri pirebi uxdian saxelmwifos, Sesabamisi
dabegvris obieqtis cvalebadobasTan dakavSirebiT), progresuli
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili sagadasaxado ganakveTebis mixedviT.
(progresulad izrdeba sagadasaxado ganakveTebi) da
iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebia sawarmoebi, firmebi,
regresiuli (dabegvris obieqtis gadidebasTan erTad ki ar
organizaciebi da moqalaqeebi, romlebic ewevian ama Tu im saxis
diddeba, aramed mcirdeba sagadasaxado ganakveTebi) gadasaxadebi.
saqmianobas. arsebobs saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi da adgilobrivi
sagadasaxado statistikis amocanebia gadasaxadebis
gadasaxadebi. saerTo-saxelmwifoebrivi gadasaxadebi, romlebic
moculobis, struqturis, dinamikis, gadasaxadebze moqmedi
amoiReba centraluri sagadasaxado organoebis mier da avsebs
faqtorebis Seswavla da prognozireba.
federaluri (centraluri) biujetis saSemosavlo nawils.
sagadasaxado statistikis winaSe arsebuli amocanebis
aseTia: saSemosavlo gadasaxadi, mogebis gadasaxadi, damatebuli
gadawyvetisaTvis aucilebelia gadasaxadebis amosavali xazis
Rirebulebis gadasaxadi, aqcizi, sabaJo gadasaxadi, socialuri
Seswavla, rasac safinanso-sagadasaxado mecniereba iZleva.
gadasaxadi.
aseTia gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi, dabegvris obieqti da
adgilobrivia gadasaxadi, romelic amoiReba adgilobrivi
sagadasaxado ganakveTebi. marTlac SeuZlebelia sagadasaxado
organoebis mier da avsebs adgilobrivi (municipaluri)
statistikam Seiswavlos gadasaxadebis moculoba, struqtura
biujetis saSemosavlo nawils. aseTia qonebis gadasaxadi da
sxvadasxva niSnebis mixedviT da maT Soris gadamxdelebis
saTamaSo biznesis gadasaxadi.
mixedviTac, an kidev gadasaxadebis dinamika, zemoTaRniSnuli
ekonomikuri Teoria gadasaxadebis klasifikacias
parametrebis codnis gareSe.
awarmoebs sxvadasxva niSnebiT. maT Soris gamoiyofa: piradpiri,
98 99

rogorc saqarTvelos sagadasaxado moqmedi kodeqsiTaa yovelTviuri daubegravi minimumis jamis, winaT dabegrili
dafiqsirebuli saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi arian dividendebisa da procentebis Semosavlis gamoklebiT).
rezidenti da ararezidenti fizikuri pirebi. saSemosavlo gadasaxadis ganakveTia 25%.
moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsiT ganmartebulia, rom saSemosavlo gadasaxadisagan Tavisufalia ucxoeTis
,,rezidentad iTvleba fizikuri piri, romelic faqtobrivad diplomatis an sakonsulos TanamSromlis daqiravebuli Sromis
imyofeba saqarTvelos teritoriaze 182 dReze met xans Sedegad miRebuli Semosavali, granti, saxelmwifo pensia,
nebismier 12-Tvian periodSi, romelic mTavrdeba sagadasaxado memkvidreobamde miRebuli qonebis realizaciiT miRebuli
wels, an igi sagadasaxado wlis ganmavlobaSi imyofeba Semosavali, alimenti da sxv.
ucxoeTSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo samsaxurSi~. amave mogebis gadasaxadis gadamxdelebia saqarTvelosa da
sagadasaxado kodeqsiT ganmartebulia, rom saqarTveloSi ucxouri sawarmoebi. dabegvris obieqtia mogeba, romelic
yofnis dRed iTvleba dRe, romlis ganmavlobaSiac fizikuri ganisazRvreba gadamxdelis mTlian Semosavalsa da am
piri imyofeboda saqaraTvelos teritoriaze, miuxedavad am Semosavlis miRebasTan dakavSirebul xarjebs Soris sxvaobiT
yofnis xangrZlivobisa. fizikur pirs ar miekuTvneba (garda aqtivebis Rirebulebisa, romelSiac Seitaneba ZiriTadi
diplomatiuri statusis mqoneni da maTi ojaxis wevrebi, ucxo saSualebebis SeZenis, damontaJebisa da sxva kapitaluri
qveynis saxelmwifoSi myofi pirebi da maTi ojaxis wevrebi xarjebi, agreTve garda im xarjebisa, romlebic dakavSirebuli
(saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis garda), saqarTvelos teritoriaze ar aris ekonomikur saqmianobasTan: fizikuri piris mier piradi
ucxoeTis erTi saxelmwifodan meoreSi gamvleli piri. moxmarebisaTvis gaweuli xarjebi, maT Soris xelfasis saxiT
ararezidenti aris piri, romelic ar aris saqarTvelos miRebuli Semosavali, garTobaze gaweuli xarjebi finansTa
rezidenti. saministros normis zeviT da a.S.). aq ar unda gavigoT ise, rom
saSemosavlo gadasaxadis dabegvris obieqtad, moqmedi ZiriTadi saSualebebis Rirebulebis nawili ar gamoiqviTeba
sagadasaxado kodeqsis mixedviT, miCneulia Semosavali, romelic mTliani Semosavlidan amortizaciis saxiT. piriqiT,
miiReba erTobliv (mTlian) Semosavlebsa da sagadasaxado amortizaciis Rirebuleba mTliani Rirebulebidan gamoiqviTeba
kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebul gamoqviTvebs Soris sxvaobiT. normatiuli procentebis saxiT. amasTan amortizacia ar
mTliani Semosavlebi rezidentisaTvis moicavs rogorc daericxeba araamortizirebad saSualebebs, rogoricaa miwa,
saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT miRebul Semosavlebs, xelovnebis nimuSebi da sxv.
xolo ararezidentisaTvis saqarTvelos wyaroebidan miRebul sawarmos mogebis sagadasaxado ganakveTi moqmedi
Semosavlebs. maT miekuTvneba ekonomikuri saqmianobiT miRebuli kodeqsiT Seadgens 15%-s
yvela Semosavali, maT Soris xelfasi, premia, samewarmeo damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi, rogorc
saqmianobiT saqonlis realizaciidan an momsaxurebis, arapirdapiri gadasaxadi, aris ,,saqarTvelos teritoriaze
samewarmeo saqmianobisaTvis gamoyenebuli aqtivebis saqonlis, samuSaos, momsaxurebis, warmoebisa da mimoqcevis
realizaciis, agreTve arasamewarmeo saqmianobiT miRebuli procesSi Seqmnili Rirebulebis nawili, agreTve saqarTvelos
Semosavlebi (dividendebi, procentebiT miRebuli Semosavlebi, teritoriaze Semotanili yvela dasabegri saqonlis
qonebis ijariT gacemis, valebis CamoweriT da sxva Semosavlebi Rirebulebis nawilis biujetSi savaldebulo Senatani.
100 101

damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi saqarTveloSi 1992 da nayid naxevarfabrikatebs, medikamentebs, kvebis produqtebs,
wlidan dainerga (1958 wels pirvelad frangebma SemoiRes da spectansacmels, sakancelario sagnebs da a.S.
Semdeg swrafad gavrcelda sabazro ekonomikis qveynebSi). b) sxva sawarmoebisa da pirebis mier Sesrulebuli
ekonomikuri statistikis ganmartebiT damatebuli samuSaosa da gaweuli momsaxurebis anazRaureba (transportiT
Rirebuleba aris ,,warmoebuli saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxureba, remonti, kavSirgabmulobisa da gamoTvliTi
momsaxurebis Rirebulebasa da warmoebis procesSi mTlianad centrebis momsaxureba, komunaluri momsaxureba,
moxmarebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis (Sualeduri moxmareba) konsultaciebis, iuristebis, bankebis, reklamisa da sxvaTa
RirebulebaTa Soris sxvaoba. momsaxureba da a.S.);
amasTan warmoebuli saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis v) samivlinebo Tanxebis anazRaureba.
RirebulebaSi Seitaneba: aqedan cxadia, rom damatebuli Rirebulebis
a) yvela saxis saqoneli maTi gamoyenebis miuxedavad, maT gadamxdelebad iTvleba yvela pirovneba, vinc eweva raime saxis
Soris sxva momxmareblebisadmi miwodebuli, aseve TviT saqmianobas, romelsac moaqvs Sesabamisi Rirebuleba, xolo
mwarmoeblis mier sakuTari saboloo moxmarebis, agreTve dabegvris obieqtad unda miviCnioT ara ,,dasabegri operacia da
dagrovebisa da materialuri saSualebebis maragTa SevsebisaTvis dasabegri importi~, rogorc es saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
gankuTvnili; kodeqsSia aRniSnuli, aramed damatebuli Rirebuleba da
b) sxva institucionaluri erTeulebisaTvis, kerZod importi, romelic warmoiSoba Sesabamisi ekonomikuri
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebis da komerciuli saqmianobiT.
organizaciebisaTvis gaweuli arasabazro momsaxureba; damatebuli Rirebulebis sagadasaxado ganakveTebi
v) SinamosamsaxureTa mier anazRaurebadi momsaxureba gansxvavebulia qveynebis mixedviT. misi ganakveTebi metwil
(ojaxis wevrebis mier urTierTaraanazRaurebadi) momsaxureba, qveynebSi meryeobs 20-30%-is farglebSi. igi Seadgens,
rogoricaa sarecxis recxva, kerZebis momzadeba da sxv. ar magaliTad, aaS-ebSi 11%-s, inglisSi 15%-s, gfr-Si daaxloebiT
Seitaneba produqciisa da momsaxurebis saerTo RirebulebaSi. 6%-s, SvedeTSi 7%-s, safrangeTSi 8%-s, saqarTveloSi Tavidan
ekonomikuri statistika miuTiTebs agreTve, Sevides 28%-s Seadgenda, SemdegSi 14%-mde davida, amJamad 18%-ia.
warmoebis moculobaSi Crdilovani ekonomikis (arakanonieri), aqcizi, rogorc arapirdapiri gadasaxadi wesdeba iseTi
agreTve, kanonieri, magram gadasaxadebisagan Tavis aridebis masobrivi moxmarebisa da ganusazRvreli raodenobiT
mizniT maluli ekonomikis (maluli warmoeba) mier warmoebuli realizebad produqtebze, rogoricaa, Saqari, Cai, marili,
produqciisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis Rirebulebac. benzini, asanTi, Tambaqo da alkoholuri sasmelebi. aqciziT
Sualeduri moxmareba, romelic gamoiyeneba damatebuli saxelmwifo anxorcielebs optimalur-fiskalur politikas,
Rirebulebis gasaangariSeblad, aris saqonlisa da sabazro zogjer zRudavs zogierTi saqonlis moxmarebas da xels
momsaxurebis Rirebuleba (ZiriTadi fondebis gamoklebiT), uwyobs antimonopoluri kanonis qmediTunarianobas. zogierT
romelic mocemul periodSi gamoyenebul iqna sxva saqonlisa qveyanaSi aqcisze modis sagadasaxado Semosavlebis 20-25%.
da momsaxurebis sawarmoeblad. is moicavs: saqarTveloSi aqcizuri gadasaxadi arc Tu didi xnis
a) Sromis sagnebs (nedleulsa da ZiriTad masalebs), winaTaa SemoRebuli, Tumca misi moqmedebis areali
eleqtroenergias, saTbobs, Tesls, sakvebs, sakuTari warmoebisa TandaTanobiT farTovdab.
102 103

aqcizis gadamxdelebia aqcizuri saqonlis mwarmoeblebi Senoba-nagebobani an maTi nawilebi, xolo sagadasaxado
an importiorebi saqarTveloSi. aqciziT dabegvris obieqtia ganakveTia maTi sabuRaltro Rirebulebis 0,1 procenti.
aqcizuri saqonlis miwodeba saqarTveloSi ar sawyobidan sawarmoTa qonebis gadasaxadis gadamxdelebia sawarmoebi
gatana (maT Soris damkveTis nedleuliT damzadebuli) an (maT Soris samamulo da ucxouri, agreTve, maTi damoukidebel
importi ucxoeTidan. angariSze myofi da bankSi angariSsworebis angariSis mqone
aqcizis sagadasaxado ganakveTebi wesdeba rogorc filialebi da organizaciebi, romelTa qonebis nawili
individualuri wesiT, mtkice odenobiT saqonlis erTeulze, gamoiyeneba ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis). sawarmoTa qonebis
ise universaluri anu procentobiT saqonlis Rirebulebisadmi. gadasaxadis dabegvris obieqtia sawarmos balansze ricxuli
saqarTveloSi moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsiT, magaliTad, ZiriTadi saSualebebi, daumontaJebeli mowyobiloba,
msubuqi avtomobilebisadmi dawesebulia 15%-iani aqcizi, xolo daumTavrebeli dabandebani da aramaterialuri aqtivebi.
yurZnis 1 litra Rvinoze fiqsirebuli 50 TeTri erT litrze dasabegravi Rirebuleba gaiangariSeba CamoTvlili aqtivebis
da a.S. narCeni saSualowliuri Rirebulebis 1 procentiani ganakveTiT.
sabaJo gadasaxadis gadamxdelebia iuridiuli da saTamaSo biznesis gadasaxadis gadamxdelebad iTvlebian
fizikuri pirebi, romlebic awarmoeben eqsport-importis pirebi, romlebic ewevian sawarmeo saqmianobas latariebiT,
operaciebs. misi sagadasaxado bazaa eqsport-importis kazinoebiT, azartuli da sxva saTamaSo miznebiT. dabegvris
moculoba, xolo ganakveTi 12%. obieqtia latariis bileTebis realizaciidan miRebuli
socialuri gadasaxadi, gankuTvnilia socialuri amonagebi, TamaSebisaTvis gamoyenebuli magidebi, saTamaSo
uzrunvelyofisaTvis, romelsac gadasaxadis gadamxdelebi aparatebi, totalizatorebi, bingos salaroebi da sxv.
ixdian Sromis anazRaurebisa da masTan gaTanabrebul Tanxebze. sagadasaxado ganakveTebia latariis bileTebis
aseTi saxis gadasaxadis gadamxdelia damqiravebeli realizaciidan miRebuli amonagebis ara umetes 20%-isa,
mewarme, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic Sromas kazinos, samorines TiToeuli magididan TveSi 5000-dan 10000
unazRaureben daqiravebulebs da TviT daqiravebuli pirebi, laramde, totalizatoris, bingos, lotos salaroebze TveSi
dasabegravi obieqtia mewarmesa da raime saqonlis mqone 300-dan 600 laramde da a.S. axal sagadasaxado kodeqsSi,
Semosavali da daqiravebulebis xelfasi. romelic amJamad ganxilvis procesSia ormagdeba
ukanasknel periodamde misi ganakveTi iyo 20%. amJamad es totalizatoris, kazinoebis da bingos gadasaxadi.
gadasaxadi gauqmebulia da dawesebulia erTiani 25%-iani sagadasaxado politikis gatarebisaTvis saWiroa gvqondes
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi. Semosavlebis indikatorebis statistikuri suraTi, rac iZleva
qonebis gadasaxadi ori saxisaa: fizikuri pirebis qonebis am movlenebisa da procesebis droSi ganviTarebis
gadasaxadi da sawarmoTa qonebis gadasaxadi. fizikuri qonebis kanonzomierebebs.
gadasaxadis gadamxdelebia qonebis gadasaxadiT dasabegravi
obieqtebis mesakuTre fizikuri pirebi, dabegvris obieqti
saqarTvelos urbanul teritoriaze arsebuli, xolo
araurbanul teritoriaze ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis
gamoyenebuli iseTi uZravi qoneba (miwis garda), rogoricaa
104 105

Tema 5. fasebisa da inflaciis statistika sabazro fasebi qveyanaSi yalibdeba moqmedi fasebis
bazaze. maT Sorisaa gamyidvelis, myidvelisa da ZiriTadi
fasi aris saqonlis Rirebulebis fuladi gamoxatuleba. sacalo fasebi, momsaxurebis fasebi da tarifebi.
gegmuri ekonomikis pirobebSi fasi warmoadgenda produqciisa gamyidvelis fasi ewodeba im fass, romliTac gamyidveli
da momsaxurebis Rirebulebis fulad sazom indikators. yidis saqonels da momsaxurebas. gamyidvelis fasis erTerTi
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi mas gansazRvravs ara produqciisa nairasaxeobaa mwarmoeblisa da ZiriTadi fasebi. mwarmoeblis
da momsaxurebis warmoebaze gaweuli danaxarjebi da aqedan fasia is fasi, romelsac Rebulobs mwarmoebeli produqciis an
gamomdinare Rirebuleba, aramed bazarze arsebuli moTxovna- momsaxurebis erTi erTeulis gayidviT. is moicavs
miwodeba. amitom sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi fasi SeiZleba TviTRirebulebas anu warmoebisa da momsaxurebis danaxarjebs
ganisazRvros Semdegnairad: fasi aris yidva-gayidvis procesSi (nedleuli da ZiriTadi masalebi, saTbobi da eleqtroenergia,
saqonlis (produqciis) an momsaxurebis erTeulisaTvis, naxevarfabrikatebi, ZiriTadi kapitalis amortizacZia, xelfasi,
moTxovna-miwodebis Sesabamisad, gadasaxdeli Tanxa. fasebi socdazRvevis anaricxebi socdazRvevaze da sxv.), gadasaxadebs
Tavad moqmedebs moTxovna-miwodebis regulirebaze, gamoiyeneba (aqcizis, damatebuli Rirebulebis da importze gadasaxadebis
makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis (mTliani Sida produqtis, garda) produqtebze da importze subsidiebis gamoklebiT.
erovnuli Semosavlis, erovnuli sisdidris da sxva) ZiriTadi fasi aris mwarmoeblis mier produqciisa da
gasaangariSeblad, mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi unarianobis, momsaxurebis erTeulze miRebuli fasi, produqtebze yvela
cxovrebis donis dasadgenad da sxva mravali makroekonomikuri saxis gadasaxadis gamoklebiT da subsidebis CaTvliT (garda
problemis gadasaWrelad. biznesSi, menejmentSi, marketingSi da importze subsidisa).
sxva sferoebSi is adamianTa yoveldRiuri saqmianobis mZlavri aqedan cxadia, rom mwarmoeblis fassa da ZiriTad fass
instrumentia. Soris aseTi damokidebula aris:
yvela am sferoSi fasebi asrulebs saaRricxvo mwarmoeblis fasi - mwarmoeblis fasSi CarTuli
(produqciisa da momsaxurebis moculobis, mogebisa da produqtebze gadasaxadebi + produqtebze subsidiebi = ZiriTad
rentabelobis dadgena da sxv.), mastimulirebel (maRali fasis fass.
produqciisa da momsaxurebis meti raodenobis warmoeba, myidvelis fasi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saboloo
nedleulis, saTbobis, masalebis, eleqtroenergiis da sxva moxmarebis fasia, romelic moicavs mwarmoeblis fass, agreTve,
danaxarjebis ekonomia da a.S.) da ganmanawilebel (mis satransporto-savaWro daTbobas da wminda gadasaxadebs
SemadgenlobaSi ara marto danaxarjebis, aramed saxelmwifo (mwarmoeblis fasSi gaTvaliswinebuli gadasaxadebis gareSe).
biujetSi gadasaxadebis da sxvaTa gaTvaliswineba) funqciebs. sabiTumo fasi ewodeba im fass, romliTac samomxmareblo
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi fasebi aris sxvadasxva saxis. saqoneli biTumad gadaecema msxvili partiebiT mwarmoeblidan
amaTgan qveyanaSi dominirebs sabazro fasebi. sabazro fasebi savaWro qsels an teqnikuri daniSnulebis nawarmi - uSualo
aris Tavisufali fasebi, romlebic yalibdeba bazarze moTxovna- momxmarebels.
miwodebis, agreTve, myidvelisa da gamyidvelis interesebis rogorc wesi, sabiTumo fasSi SeaqvT warmoebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. igi moicavs, agreTve, damatebuli danaxarjebi da mogeba. masSi ar Seitaneba aqcizisa da
Rirebulebisa da aqcizis gadasaxadebs. damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi.
106 107

sacalo fasebi ewodeba im fasebs, romliTac saqoneli da fasebis dinamikis maCveneblebi

momsaxureba uSualod mieyideba mosaxleobas. masSi Seitaneba
sabiTumo fasi, savaWro daTboba (mimoqcevis xarjebi da mogeba),
agreTve, damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadi da aqcizi. samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi
momsaxurebis fasebi da tarifebi gamoiyeneba momsaxurebis
(satransporto, kavSirgabmulobis, sabinao-komunaluri, samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi (sfi) asaxavs fasebis
sanitaruli da sxv.) sferoebSi. saSualo cvlilebas saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fiqsirebul
sabazro, Tavisufali fasebis garda zogierT gardamavali kalaTaze, romelsac moxmarebisaTvis SeiZens qalaqis
ekonomikis qveyanaSi moqmedebs, agreTve, saxelmwifo fasebi, mosaxleoba. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fasebi, romlebic
romlebic wesdeba im dargebis produqtebze, romlebsac gamoiyeneba samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsis gamosaTvlelad,
monopoliuri mdgomareoba uWiravT bazarze (eleqtroenergia, grovdeba saqarTvelos xuTi qalaqis (Tbilisi, baTumi, quTaisi,
airi da sxv.) saxelmwfio fasi SeiZleba iyos zRvruli gori, Telavi) sacalo vaWrobisa da momsaxurebis obieqtebSi –
(magaliTad, saafTiaqo medikamentebze) fasi, romlis zeviT ar maRaziebSi, bazrebSi, benzingasamarT sadgurebSi, vaWrobisa da
SeiZleba dawesdes fasi, fiqsirebuli (saxelmwifos mier momsaxurebis sxva obieqtebSi. samomxmareblo kalaTaSi Semavali
mkacrad gansazRvruli fasi mosaxloebisaTvis) da 282 dasaxelebis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Sewonvis
regulirebadi (romelic SeiZleba saxelmwifos mier Seicvalos struqtura Camoyalibebulia SinameurneobaTa gamokvlevis
calkeuli regionebisa da periodebis mixedviT). safuZvelze sfi-is gaangariSebis bazaa 2006 wlis dekemberi.
fasebis statistikis winaSe dgas Semdegi amocanebi: samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi iTvleba mniSvnelovan
bazarze saqonlisa da momsaxurebis fasebze dakvirveba. ekonomikur maCveneblad, romelic axasiaTebs inflaciis dones
fasebis klasifikacia da gamoiyeneba ekonomikaSi fasebis cvlilebis donesTan
fasebis struqturis analizi dakavSirebuli procesebis analizisa da prognozirebisTvis.
fasebia variaciis analizi
mosaxleobis cxovrebios doneze fasebis moqmedebis samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi gaiangariSeba laspeiresis
gazomvis maCvenebelTa sistemis SemuSaveba da gaangariSeba indeqsiT:
inflaciis donis gansazRvris meTodebis SemuSaveba da
misi gavlenis Seswavla ekonomikis ganviTarebaze.
I
pq 1 0
fasebis statistikis winaSe dasmuli amocanebis
realizeba xorcieldeba Sesabamisi maCvenebelTa sistemis
p q 0 0

safuZvelze, romelic SeiZleba ase CamovayaliboT:

fasebis donis maCveneblebi
sadac:
p 1 - konkretuli saqonlis (momsaxurebis) fasia
fasebis struqturis maCveneblebi
fasebis variaciis maCveneblebi (tarifia) saangariSo periodSi.
fasebis elastiurobis maCveneblebi
108 109

p0 - konkretuli saqonlis (momsaxurebis) fasia rogorc cxrilidan Cans samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi yovel
(tarifia) sabaziso periodSi periodSi. wels wina welTan SedarebiT umniSvnelod izrdeba, xolo 1995
welTan SedarebiT Zalzed didia zrda.
q0 - konkretuli saqonlis (momsaxurebis) fizikuri
ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÀ ÒÈÖËÉ ÓÏÝÉÀËÖÒ-ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒÉ ÊÀÔÄÂÏÒÉÀÀ. ÉÂÉ,
ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÀ, ÃÉÃÉ áÀÍÉÀ ÀÒÓÄÁÏÁÓ. ÌÀÒÈÀËÉÀ, ÌÉÓÉ
moculobaa sabaziso periodSi.
ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉÓ ÆÖÓÔÉ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÉ ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ ÀÒ ÓÀáÄËÃÄÁÀ,
procentuli cvlileba wina TvesTan gaiangariSeba ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÈÉÈØÌÉÓ ÚÅÄËÀ ÌÊÅËÄÅÀÒÉ ÈÅËÉÓ, ÒÏÌ ÉÂÉ ÃÀÀáËÏÄÁÉÈ ×ÖËÉÓ
formuliT: ÛÄÌÏÙÄÁÉÓ ÐÄÒÉÏÃÓ ÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀ. ÈÅÉÈ „ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ“ ÝÍÄÁÀ ßÀÒÌÏÛÏÁÉËÉÀ
I t  I t 1 ËÀÈÉÍÖÒÉ inflatio-ÓÀÂÀÍ, ÒÀÝ ÍÉÛÍÀÅÓ ÂÀÁÄÒÅÀÓ. ÅÀÒÀÖÃÏÁÄÍ, ÒÏÌ ÐÉÒÅÄËÀÃ
I t   100 ÔÄÒÌÉÍÉ „ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÀ“ áÌÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÏÅÉÃÀ ÜÒÃÉËÏÄÈ ÀÌÄÒÉÊÀÛÉ 1861-1865
I t 1 ßËÄÁÛÉ ÃÀ ÉÂÉ ÀÙÍÉÛÍÀÅÃÀ ÉÓÄÈ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÓ, ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÉßÅÄÅÃÀ ÁÒÖÍÅÀÛÉ
ÀÒÓÄÁÖËÉ ØÀÙÀËÃÉÓ ×ÖËÉÓ ÌÏÝÖËÏÁÉÓ ÆÒÃÀÓ, ÞÉÒÉÈÀÃÀÃ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÓ
I t ÓÀÌáÄÃÒÏ áÀÒãÄÁÉÓ ÃÀ×ÉÍÀÍÓÄÁÀÓÈÀÍ. ÈÖÌÝÀ, ÞÍÄËÉÀ ÉÌÉÓ ÌÔÊÉÝÄÁÀ, ÒÏÌ
sadac: aris sfi-is procentuli cvlileba wina ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÖÒ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÀÃÒÉÍÃÄË ÐÄÒÉÏÃÛÉ ÀÒ äØÏÍÃÀ ÀÃÂÉËÉ. ÀÌÉÓ
I I ÓÀ×ÖÞÅÄËÓ ÉÞËÄÅÀ XVII ÓÀÖÊÖÍÉÓ ÓÀ×ÒÀÍÂÄÈÛÉ ØÀÙÀËÃÉÓ ×ÖËÉÓ ÛÄÌÏÙÄÁÀ,
TvesTan, t - saangariSo Tvis sfi, t 1 - wina Tvis sfi. ÒÏÌÄËÉÝ ÓÖË ÌÏÊËÄ ÃÒÏÛÉ ÃÀÌÈÀÅÒÃÀ ÌÏÖÈÏÊÀÅÉ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÈ ÃÀ ØÅÄÚÍÉÓ
ÓÀ×ÉÍÀÍÓÏ-ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒÉ ÓÉÓÔÄÌÉÓ ÌÏÛËÉÈ. ÀÙÓÀÍÉÛÍÀÅÉÀ, ÒÏÌ „ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ“
saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris ÊÀÔÄÂÏÒÉÀ ÜÒÃÉËÏÄÈ ÀÌÄÒÉÊÉÃÀÍ ÈÀÍÃÀÈÀÍÏÁÉÈ áÌÀÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÛÄÌÏÅÉÃÀ
informaciiT, samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi 2002-2008 wlebSi ÄÅÒÏÐÉÓ ØÅÄÚÍÄÁÛÉ ÃÀ, ÖÐÉÒÅÄËÄÓ ÚÏÅËÉÓÀ, ÃÉÃ ÁÒÉÔÀÍÄÈÓÀ ÃÀ
ase gamoiyureba. ÓÀ×ÒÀÍÂÄÈÛÉ. ÈÀÅÃÀÐÉÒÅÄËÀà ÀÙÍÉÛÍÖËÉ ÊÀÔÄÂÏÒÉÀ ÂÀÌÏÉÚÄÍÄÁÏÃÀ
ÁÀÍÊÉÒÄÁÉÓÀ ÃÀ ×ÉÍÀÍÓÉÓÔÄÁÉÓ ßÒÄÛÉ, áÏËÏ ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒ ËÉÔÄÒÀÔÖÒÀÛÉ
samomxmareblo 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 ×ÀÒÈÏà ÌÉÓÉ ÂÀÌÏÚÄÍÄÁÀ ÓÀÈÀÅÄÓ ÉÙÄÁÓ XX ÓÀÖÊÖÍÉÓ ÃÀÓÀßÚÉÓÉÃÀÍ.
fasebis indeqsi
×ÀØÔÏÁÒÉÅÀà ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÖÒÌÀ ÐÒÏÝÄÓÄÁÌÀ ×ÀÒÈÏ ÂÀÓÀØÀÍÉ ÌÉÉÙÏ ÐÉÒÅÄËÉ ÃÀ
ÌÄÏÒÄ ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏ ÏÌÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÃÄ ÃÀ ÓßÏÒÄà ÀÌ ÃÒÏÉÃÀÍ ÉßÚÄÁÀ ÌÉÓÉ
saSualo 105.6 104.8 105.7 108.2 109.2 109.2 110.0
wliuri wina ÓÉÙÒÌÉÓÄÖËÉ ÌÄÝÍÉÄÒÖËÉ ÊÅËÄÅÀ, ÈÖÌÝÀ ÉÂÉ ãÄÒ ÊÉÃÄÅ ÀÒÀÀ
wlis ÓÒÖËÚÏ×ÉËÀà ÛÄÓßÀÅËÉËÉ ÃÀ ÌÉÓÉ ÌÈÄËÉ ÒÉÂÉ ÈÄÏÒÉÖË-
saSualo ÌÄÈÏÃÏËÏÂÉÖÒÉ ÀÓÐÄØÔÄÁÉ ÃÙÄÓÀÝ ÃÉÓÊÖÓÉÉÓ ÓÀÂÀÍÓ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ.
wliurTan
dekemberi wina 105.4 107.0 107.5 106.2 108.8 111.0 105.5 ÌÓÏ×ËÉÏ ÂÀÌÏÝÃÉËÄÁÀ ÂÅÉÜÅÄÍÄÁÓ, ÒÏÌ ×ÖËÀÃÉ ÌÀÓÉÓ ÌÀÔÄÁÀ
wlis ÀÖÝÉËÄÁËÀà 2-3 ÈÅÉÓ ÛÄÌÃÄ ÉßÅÄÅÓ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ ÆÒÃÀÓ. ÌÀÂÀËÉÈÀÃ, 1988-
dekemberTan 1992 ßËÄÁÛÉ ÀÛÛ-ÛÉ ×ÖËÀÃÉ ÌÀÓÉÓ ÓÀÛÖÀËÏßËÉÖÒÉ ÆÒÃÉÓ ÔÄÌÐÉ
saSualo 211.9 222.0 234.6 253.9 277.2 302.8 333.1 ÛÄÀÃÂÄÍÃÀ 5,4 ÐÒÏÝÄÍÔÓ, áÏËÏ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ ÆÒÃÉÓ ÓÀÛÖÀËÏßËÉÖÒÉ ÔÄÌÐÉ
wliuri 1995 - 4,9%. ÓÀ×ÒÀÍÂÄÈÛÉ ÛÄÓÀÁÀÌÉÓÀà 10,6 ÃÀ 2,9%, ÉÀÐÏÍÉÀÛÉ - 5,6 ÃÀ
wlis saSualo 2,2%. ÒÖÓÄÈÛÉ 1993 ßÄËÓ ßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÃÀÝÄÌÉÓ ÐÉÒÏÁÄÁÛÉ ×ÖËÉÓ ÌÀÓÉÓ
wliurTan ÆÒÃÀÌ 17,3%-ÉÈ ÂÀÌÏÉßÅÉÀ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ ÔÄÌÐÉÓ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÖÒÉ ÆÒÃÀ 20-
110 111

25 ÐÒÏÝÄÍÔÉÈ. ÀÍÀËÏÂÉÖÒ ÊÀÍÏÍÆÏÌÉÄÒÄÁÀÓ äØÏÍÃÀ ÀÃÂÉËÉ inflaciuri movlenebi mravali, sxvadasxva niSniT
ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÛÉ 1992-1995 ßËÄÁÛÉ. SeiZleba davajgufoT anu movaxdinoT maTi klasifikacia. am
niSnebidan yvelaze mTavaria inflaciis siswrafe. am niSniT
ÈÀÍÀÌÄÃÒÏÅÄ ÂÀÂÄÁÉÈ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ ÀÒÓÉ ÌÃÂÏÌÀÒÄÏÁÓ ÄÒÏÅÍÖËÉ
inflacia SeiZleba iyos ,,mcocavi~ (mJRavndeba fasebis
ÅÀËÖÔÉÓ ÂÀÖ×ÀÓÖÒÄÁÀÛÉ ÓÀØÏÍËÉÓ, ÌÏÌÓÀáÖÒÄÁÉÓ ÃÀ ÖÝáÏÖÒÉ ÅÀËÖÔÄÁÉÓ
TandaTanobiT zrdaSi xangrZlivi periodis manZilze),
ÌÉÌÀÒÈ. ÌÀÂÒÀÌ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÉÓ ÛÉÍÀÀÒÓÛÉ ÌÀÉÍÝ ÌÈÀÅÀÒÉÀ ×ÀÓÄÁÉ, ÌÉÓÉ ÓÀÄÒÈÏ
,,Wenebadi~ (mJRavndeba fasebis naxtomisebur zrdaSi) da
ÃÏÍÉÓ ÆÒÃÀ. ÈÖÌÝÀ, ÒÏÂÏÒÝ ÖÊÅÄ ÀÙÉÍÉÛÍÀ, ×ÀÓÄÁÉÓ ÆÒÃÀ ÚÏÅÄËÈÅÉÓ
hiperinflacia (berZnuli hnper - zeviT) (mJRavndeba fasebis
ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÀÓÈÀÍ ÀÒÀÀ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ. ×ÀÓÄÁÉÓ ÆÒÃÀ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ ÂÀÌÏßÅÄÖËÉ
Zalze maRali zrdis tempebSi). miRebulia, rom TveSi 50%-mde
ÉÚÏÓ ÓÀØÏÍËÉÓ ÌÏÈáÏÅÍÉÓ Ö×ÒÏ ÌÀÙÀËÉ ÃÏÍÉÈ ÌÉßÏÃÄÁÀÓÈÀÍ ÛÄÃÀÒÄÁÉÈ.
ÀÓÄÈÉ ÃÉÓÐÒÏÐÏÒÝÉÀ ÌÈÄË ÒÉ ÛÄÌÈáÅÄÅÀÛÉ ÀÒ ßÀÒÌÏÀÃÂÄÍÓ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÀÓ. fasebis zrda Wenebadia, xolo 50%-ze zeviT hiperinflaciaa.
ÃÀÌÏÖÊÉÃÄÁËÀà ×ÖËÀÃÉ Ó×ÄÒÏÓÀÂÀÍ, ÓÀØÏÍÄËÆÄ ×ÀÓÄÁÉ ÛÄÉÞËÄÁÀ amis garda inflacia SeiZleba iyos Ria (romelic kargad Cans
ÛÄÉÝÅÀËÏÓ ÛÒÏÌÉÓ ÍÀÚÏ×ÉÄÒÄÁÉÓ ÀÌÀÙËÄÁÉÓ, ÝÉÊËÖÒÉ ÃÀ ÓÄÆÏÍÖÒÉ samomxmareblo saqonelsa da sawarmoo resursebze fasebis
ÒÚÄÅÄÁÉÓ, ÊÅËÀÅßÀÒÌÏÄÁÉÓ ÓÉÓÔÄÌÀÛÉ ÓÔÒÖØÔÖÒÖËÉ ÞÅÒÄÁÉÓ, ÁÀÆÒÉÓ zrdiT) da daxuruli (rac gamowveulia sasaqonlo deficitiT
ÌÏÍÏÐÏËÉÆÀÝÉÉÓ, ÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÉÓ ÓÀáÄËÌßÉ×ÏÄÁÒÉÅÉ ÒÄÂÖËÉÒÄÁÉÓ, da Cans arapirdapir, warmoebis danaxarjebis gadidebiTa da
ÂÀÃÀÓÀáÀÃÄÁÉÓ ÀáÀËÉ ÂÀÍÀÊÅÄÈÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÌÏÙÄÁÉÓ, ×ÖËÀÃÉ ÄÒÈÄÖËÉÓ mogebis TandaTanobiTi SemcirebiT biznesSi).
ÃÄÅÀËÅÀÝÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÒÄÅÀËÅÀÝÉÉÓ, ÁÀÆÒÉÓ ÊÏÍÉÖØÔÖÒÉÓ ÝÅËÉËÄÁÉÓ, inflaciis sidides (dones) statistikaSi zomaven
ÓÀÂÀÒÄÏÄÊÏÍÏÌÉÊÖÒÉ ÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÉÓ ÆÄÂÀÅËÄÍÉÓ, ÓÔÉØÉÖÒÉ ÖÁÄÃÖÒÄÁÉÓ ÃÀ ÓáÅÀ procentulad saangariSo da sabaziso periodebis
×ÀØÔÏÒÄÁÉÓ ÆÄÌÏØÌÄÃÄÁÉÓ ÛÄÃÄÂÀÃ. ÝáÀÃÉÀ, ÒÏÌ ×ÀÓÄÁÉÓ ÚÏÅÄËÂÅÀÒÉ ÆÒÃÀ samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsebis safuZvelze Semdegi
ÀÒÀÀ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÀÓÈÀÍ ÃÀÊÀÅÛÉÒÄÁÖËÉ, ÀÌÉÔÏÌ ÂÀÍÓÀÊÖÈÒÄÁÉÈ ÌÍÉÛÅÍÄËÏÅÀÍÉÀ formulis gamoyenebiT:
ÌÊÀ×ÉÏà ÂÀÌÏÉÊÅÄÈÏÓ ÉÍ×ËÀÝÉÖÒÉ ÌÏÅËÄÍÄÁÉÓ ÂÀÌÏÌßÅÄÅÉ ×ÀØÔÏÒÄÁÉ ÃÀ
ÌÉÆÄÆÄÁÉ. I p1  I p0
Iinfl.  100
inflacias iwvevs fulis mimoqcevis arxebis Warbi, I p0
zedmeti fulis masiT avseba Sesabamisi sasaqonlo
uzrunvelyofis anu sasaqonlo masis adeqvaturi zrdis gareSe.
Sedegad izrdeba fasebi rogorc samomxmareblo, ise sawarmoo Iinfl.
daniSnulebis saqonelze, Zvirdeba mosaxleobis saarsebo sadac - inflaciis done procentulad;
saSualebebi, biznessa da menejmentSi produqciisa da
momsaxurebis TviTRirebuleba, ecema mogeba. mTavroba rig I p1
- saangariSo periodis fasebis indeqsi;
SemTxvevebSi, iZulebulia gaataros dezinflaciuri
RonisZiebani mimoqcevidan fulis masis amoRebis politika I p0
gadasaxadebis gazrdis, Sromis anazRaurebis Semcirebis, - sabaziso periodis fasebis indeqsi.
sakredito restriqciis anu sakredito Tanxebis Semcirebis, mocemuli formala asedac SeiZleba Caiweros:
saxelmwifo biujetidan ekonomikis, agreTve, socialur-
kulturuli RonisZiebebis dafinansebis Semcirebisa da sxva
RonisZiebebis gatarebis gziT.
112 113

amisaTvis msoflio statistikur Teoriasa da praqtikaSi

 Ip 
Iinfl.   1  1 100
gamoiyeneba e.w. deflilirebis meTodi. deflilireba ewodeba
 Ip  ekonomikuri maCveneblebidan inflaciis gavlenis gamoTiSvis
 0  process, romlis ganxorcielebis miznebisaTvis gamoiyeneba
deflatorebi.
magaliTi. rogorc zemoT mocemuli cxrilidan Cans, deflatori (laT. deflecto) ewodeba koeficients,
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsma saqarTveloSi 2007 wels romelic gamoiyeneba fulad gamosaxulebaSi gaangariSebuli
ekonomikuri maCveneblebis gadasaangariSeblad, wina periodis
I  9.2
p0 p1 I  10.0 donesTan maTi saerTo mniSvnelamde dayvanis mizniT.
Seadgina: , xolo 2008 wels
ricxobrivad igi udris fasebis zrdis indeqss. msoflio
cxadia am periodSi inflaciis done Seadgens: statistikur Teorias da praqtikaSi defliatirebis procesis
sami ZiriTadi meTodia gamoyenebuli.
I p1  I p0 10.0  9.2 erTmagi defliatirebis, ormagi defliatirebisa da
Iinfl.  100  100  8.7% ekonomikuri maCveneblis fizikuri moculobis dinamikis
I p0 9.2 defliatirebis meTodi.
erTmagi deflirebis procesSi defliatorebad gamoiyeneba
e.i. saqarTveloSi inflaciis procenti 2007-2008 samomxmareblo fasebis an mTliani Sida produqtis indeqsi
wlebSi Seadgenda: 8.7 % (mTliani Sida produqtis indeqsia am maCveneblis saangariSo
cxadia, inflaciis es maCveneblebi asaxulia Sesabamisi periodis anu mimdinare fasebiT gamosaxuli sididisa da imave
wlebis mixedviT gaangariSebuli iseTi mniSvnelovani maCveneblis sabaziso periodis fasebSi gamosaxuli sidideebis
makroekonomikuri indikatoris sidideebSi, rogoricaa mTliani ganayofi). samomxmareblo saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
Sida produqti. 2003 w., magaliTad, saqarTveloSi mTliani Rirebulebis indeqs-defliatorisagan gansxvavebiT, mTliani
Sida produqtis Rirebulebam mimdinare fasebSi (nominaluri Sida produqtis indeqs-defliatori asaxavs, agreTve, Sromis
sidide) Seadgina 8564 mln lari, xolo 2007 da 2008 wlebSi, anazRaurebis, ZiriTadi kapitalis amortizaciis da wminda
Sesabamisad 16994 mln da 19070 mln lari. maSasadame 2008 gadasaxadebis nominaluri masis cvalebadobas, rac gamowveulia
wels saqarTveloSi nominaluri mTliani produqti gaizarda fasebis cvalebadobiT.
2007 wlis mimarT 1,12-jer anu 12%-iT, xolo 2003 wlis indeqs-defliatori mTels msoflioSi iangariSeba paaSes
mimarT 2,23-jer, anu 123%-iT. magram es maCveneblebi araa fasebis indeqsiT:
realuri, vinaidan maTi nawili gadidebulia ara realurad
qveyanaSi warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis, aramed
inflaciis xarjze. rogor gamovTiSoT inflaciis gavlena Idefl. 
pq 1 1
makroekonomikur maCveneblebze da davadginoT maTi dinamikis
realuri suraTi?
p q 0 1
114 115

sadac, wiladis mricxveli mTliani Sida produqtis mixedviT warmoebs rogorc produqciisa da momsaxurebis
Rirebulebaa saangariSo periodis fasebiT, xolo mniSvneli mTliani gamoSvebis, aseve Sual3gamoSvebisaTvis defliatorad
igive mTliani Sida produqtis Rirebulebaa sabaziso periodis gamoiyeneba mTliani gamoSvebis fasebis paaSes indeqsi, xolo
fasebiT. Sualeduri moxmarebisaTvis - moxmarebuli nedleulis,
nebismieri ekonomikuri maCveneblis (am SemTxvevaSi masalebis, saTbobis, naxevarfabrikatebisa da sxvaTa fasebis
mimdinare fasebiT gamosaxuli mTliani Sida produqtis defliatori).
deflireba) warmoebs mimdinare periodSi amave mimdinare maSasadame, pirvel etapze ekonomikis calkeuli dargebis
periodis fasebiT gamosaxuli nominaluri sididis indeqs- mixedviT gaiangariSeba gamoSveba Sesadaris fasebSi (mimdinare
deflatorze gayofiT fasebSi mTliani gamoSvebis fasebis indeqsze anu defliatorze
gayofiT), meore etapze - Sualeduri moxmareba Sesadaris

 q p  I
fasebSi (Sualeduri moxmareba mimdinare fasebSi gayofili
qp 1 1 Sualeduri moxmarebis elementebis fasebis defliatorze anu
1 0 indeqsze), xolo mesame etapze - maTi sxvaobiT (gadafasebul
defl.
mTlian gamoSvebas gamoklebuli gadafasebuli Sualeduri
moxmareba) miiReba damatebuli Rirebuleba sabazro periodis
magaliTi. saqarTveloSi mTliani Sida produqtis fasebiT. dargebis mixedviT gaangariSebul damatebul
Rirebulebam, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, 2003 wels Seadgina RirebulebaTa jami gvaZlevs mTliani Sida produqtis realur
8564 mln lari, xolo 2008 wels 19070 mln lari. zrdam Rirebulebas.
222.7%, anu moimata 122.7%-iT. am wlebSi samomxmareblo defliatirebis mesame meTodi gulisxmobs sabaziso
fasebi gaizarda 1,05-jer, rac SeiZleba gamoviyenoT indeqs- periodis damatebuli Rirebulebis

q p
defliatorad. maSasadame 2008 wlis mTliani Sida produqti
2003 wlis fasebSi Seadgens: 0 0
eqstrapoliacias produqciisa da momsaxurebis fizikuri
 q1 p1 19070 moculobis indeqsis gamoyenebiT.
q p
1 0 
I defl.

1.05
 18161.9 mln. lars es ase SeiZleba Caiweros:

 q1 p0  q p q p
1 0

q p
0 0
0 0
sadac,
maSasadame, am wlebSi mTliani Sida produqtis realuri
moculoba gaizarda 2,12-jer.
ormagi defliatirebis meTodi gulisxmobs mTliani Sida
q p 1 0
produqtis sawamroo meTodiT gaangariSebis kvalobaze TviT produqciis damatebuli Rirebulebaa Sesadaris fasebSi;
warmoebis doneze ekonomikis dargebis mixedviT. dargebis
116 117

q p 1 0
წლიური ინფლაცია

q p 0 0
წლიური ინფლაცია
(სამომხმარებლო ფასების საშუალო წლიური
produqciis fizikuri moculobis indeqsia; ინდექსის პროცენტული ინფლაცია (12 თვის

q p
ცვლილება წინა წლის საშუალო), %
შესაბამის თვესთან), %
0 0
sabaziso periodis damatebuli Rirebulebaa. იანვარი-96 42,9 127,6
inflaciuri movlenebi da procesebi ekonomikisaTvis იანვარი-97 11,8 36,3
damaxasiaTebeli inerciis kanonebis ZaliT didxans inarCuneben
იანვარი-98 6,7 6,7
ganviTarebis Camoyalibebul tendenciebs. amas kargad
iTvaliswineben biznesmenebi da awarmoeben nedleulis, saTbobis, იანვარი-99 13,2 4,1
eleqtroenergiis, naxevarfabrikatebis an mTlian mza იანვარი-00 8,5 18,6
produqciis winaswar Sesyidvas, riTac fasTasxvaobiT იანვარი-01 4,9 3,8
Rebuloben mogebas. aseT mogebas dasavleTis ekonomistebi იანვარი-02 4,7 4,7
holdingur mogebas uwodeben. aseTi saqmiTaa dakavebuli ara
იანვარი-03 5,5 5,6
marto calkeuli biznesmenebi, aramed specialuri msxvili
holdinguri kompaniebic da korporaciebic. es kompaniebi, იანვარი-04 5,2 4,8
umetes SemTxvevebSi, ar floben raime saxis TavianT sawarmoo
იანვარი-05 9,3 6,1
potencials da holdinguri operaciebiT mniSvnelovani wili
uWiravT calkeuli firmebis aqciaTa sakontrolo paketSi. იანვარი-06 5,2 7,9
saqarTvelos statiatikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT
inflaciis maCvenebeli Semdeg suraTs iZleva: იანვარი-07 10,4 9,6

იანვარი-08 10,7 9,3

იანვარი-09 4,4 9,4

იანვარი-10 2,7 1,6

თებერვალი-10 5,6 1,9
მარტი-10 5,8 2,2
აპრილი–10 5,6 2,6
მაისი–10 4,0 2,7
ივნისი-10 3,7 2,8
118 119

44 aTasi adamiani, romlebic mudmivad emsaxurebian 5 milion

Tema 6. safondo birJebis da fasiani qaRaldebis klients.
statistika bazarze arsebuli fasebis moZraobis tendenciebis
mixedviT ganasxvaveben
fasiani qaRaldebiT vaWroba mimdinareobs saerTaSoriso xarebis an daTvebis bazars.
safinanso bazrebze, iseTi msxvili finansuri centrebis xarebis bazars (Bull Market) adgili aqvs, rodesac
birJebze, rogoricaa niu-iorki, londoni, parizi, frankfurti, fasebi izrdeba aqciebis aqtiuri Sesyidvis Sedegad.
tokio, ciurixi. SegaxsenebT, rom garda safondo (savaluto) daTvebis bazris (Bear Market) dros, aqciebis fasebi
birJebisa (Stock Exchanges) arsebobs aseve sasaqonlo birJebi iklebs am aqciebze dabali moTxovnis arsebobis gamo, rac
(Commodity Exchanges),sadac mimdinareobs vaWroba garkveuli niSnavs, rom SeTavazebuli aqciebi ar gaiyideba fasis daklebis
saqonliTa da produqtebiT (feradi liTonebiT, bambiT, SaqriT gareSe.
da a.S.). rodesac vsaubrobT birJebze, fasiani qaRaldebiT
birJebi viTardebian ramdenime aswleulis ganmavlobaSi. pirveli vaWrobaze, unda vicodeT ramdenime terminis mniSvneloba.
maTgani safondo birJa — organizacia, romlis wevrebsac aqvT
Camoyalibda antverpenSi 1531 wels, Semdeg londonSi 1561 ufleba iyidon da gayidon fasiani qaRaldebi sxva pirebisaTvis.
wels, niuiorkSi uol tritze 1792 wels. birJa uol stritze sasaqonlo birJa — specializirebulia operaciebze,
niu-iorkSi warmoadgens kerZo sazogadoebas, romelic erTianebs romelic dakavSirebulia Zvirfas liTonebTan, saTbobTan,
daaxloebiT 1500 wevrs. am birJis romelime wevris sikvdilis ucxour valutasTan da
SemTxvevaSi, ms adgils yidian auqcionze masze, vinc mets sasoflo-sameurneo produqciasTan (marcvleuli,
gadaixdis. dasavleTis yvela qveyanaSi birJebs akontrolebs saqoneli,
specialuri saxelmwifo organo, agaliTad, aSS-Si — safondo Saqari)
birJebis saqmeebisa da fasiani qaRaldebis komisia. ResdReobiT marJa — (marJiT vaWroba) es aris aqciebis yidva fuliT,
msoflios udidesi birJa tokioSia. masSi xdeba 1520 sawarmos romlis nawilic
qciis kotireba. sesxis saxiT aRebulia brokerTan.
fasiani qaRaldebiT vaWroba warmoebs e.w. sabirJo dros, marJis ganakveTi winaswar aris gansazRvruli (magaliTad,
magaliTad, niuiorkis birJaze: 8—12-mde da 13.30—16 saaTamde. aSS-Si is ganisazRvreba federaluri sarezervo sistemiT).
myidvelisa da gamyidvelis saxiT birJaze SeiZleba fuli, romelic
mogvevlinos mxolod brokeri makleri) (Broker), romelic brokerTan iyo aRebuli sesxis saxiT, ukan unda
asrulebs Tavisi kllientebis SekveTebs da amisaTvis Rebulobs daubrundes
brunvidan garkveul procents. mas procentebiT. marJiT nayidi aqciebi brokerTan inaxeba
arsebobs e.w. sabrokero firmebi an samaklero kantorebi. garantis saxiT.
amerikuli firmebidan msxvilesia — `meril linCi~, romlis aqciis danawevreba— rodesac aqcionerebs erTi aqciis magivrad
qonebac Sefasebulia 55 miliard dolarad. masSi dasaqmebulia aZleven 2 da met aqciebs. magaliTad, Tu I-is aqcia Rirda 150
dolari, xolo
120 121

firmam moaxdina aqciis danawevreba 5—1-Tan mimarTebaSi, kurss. aqciebis kotirebis indeqsi warmoadgens birJaze
maSin I-is erTi aqciis mflobeli avtomaturad gaxdeba 5 klimatis Tavisebur indikators.
aqciis mflobeli. magram erTi aqciis Rirebuleba iqneba ara sabirJo indeqsebi warmoadgenen safondo vaWrobisa da calkeul
150 dolari, aramed 30 dolari. umTavresad es keTdeba imis dargebSi mdgomareobis statistikuri ganzogadebis, kvlevisa da
gamo, rom investorebs gauadvildeT mTliani lotis (100 prognozirebisaTvis sakvanZo maCvenebels. zogierTi maTgani
aqciis) SeZena. warmoadgens aqciis kursis cvlilebis ubralo saSualo
loti — romelime kompaniis 100 aqcia. ariTmetikuls, zogi ki warmoadgens indeqss am sityvis
jeradi loti — aqciaTa partia, romelic aris 100-is jeradi. tradiciuli mniSvnelobiT, anu saSualo Sewonil sidides.
diversifikacia — ewodeba process, romlis drosac kapitalis bevri indeqsi gamodis, rogorc safondo vaWrobis
Cadeba xdeba sxvadasxva faseulobebSi (Cvens SemTxvevaSi, fasian damoukidebeli obieqti: am indeqsebis mixedviT formdeba
qaRaldebSi), fiuCersuli
raTa SevamciroT investiciis riski. magaliTad, investorma kontraqtebi, gamoiwereba ofcionebi da ofcionebi fiuCersul
SeiZleba Cados Tavisi kapitalis 30% swrafad zrdad aqciebSi, kontraqtebze. dou-jonsis indeqsi Seqmnes 1884 wels Carlz
romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia maRali riski. kidev 30% doum (Charles Dow) da eduard jonsma (Eduard Jones)
konservatorul saxelmwifo obligacieb- Si. 15% — (aqedan Semoklebulia dou-jonsi). Tavdapirvelad maT aiRes
Semosavlian aqciebSi, xolo danarCeni Tanxa ganaTavsos bankSi imdroindeli 11 mTavari korporaciis aqciebis Rirebuleba. maT
gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebisaTvis da SemdgomSi ufro kargi Sekribes am aqciaTa fasi da gayves 11-ze. indeqsi modernizebuli
(perspeqtiuli) fulis ganTavsebis (investiciis) iqna 1928 wels. igi ganisazRvreba dRis ganmavlobaSi
molodiniT. imis gamo, rom kapitalis gadanawileba xdeba yovel saaTSi. arsebobs dou-jonsis oTxi indeqsi:
sxvadasxva seqtorebSi, misi mTlianad dakargvis albaToba 1. dou-jonsis samrewvelo indeqsi ( DJIA) — aris 30
dayvanilia minimumamde. investiciuri strategiis es tipi, msxvili samrewvelo korporaciis aqciebis kursis cvlilebis
rogorc wesi, iwodeba investiciuri strategiis portfelad. saSualo maCvenebeli (maT Soris ori kompania — `ameriken
hedjireba — investicia, romelic icavs investors eqspres~ da `ameriken telefon end telegraf~ ar SeiZleba
danakargebisagan sxva CaiTvalos samrewvelod, magram isini Sedian am indeqsSi).
investiciaze. hedjireba aris umniSvnelovanesi instrumenti, dou-jonsis samrewvelo indeqsi warmoadgens safondo bazrebis
raTa Seamciron TavianTi riskebi mwarmoeblebma, yvela maCvenebelTa Soris yvelaze Zvelsa da yvelaze metad
gadamamuSaveblebma gavrcelebuls. misi Semadgenloba ar aris ucvleli, misi
da gamyidvelebma, radgan sufTa saxiT hedjireba niSnavs komponentebi SeiZleba Seicvalos aSS-s ekonomikisa da bazarze
saqonlisa da produqciis yidvas da gayidvas fiuCersul msxvili samrewvelo korporaciis mier dakavebuli poziciidan
bazarze — mimdinare situaciidan da samomavlo moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, Tumca Tanamedrove pirobebSi aseTi SemTxvevebi
gamomdinare. iSviaTia.
aqciebis kotirebis (kursis) indeqsi (Quotation Index) McDonald’s Corporation aris pirveli sacalo vaWrobis
— es aris birJebze umniSvnelovanesi kursis maCvenebeli. is, firma, romelic vaWrobs kvebis produqtebiT da moxvda dou-
rogorc wesi, aerTianebs umsxvilesi sawarmoebis aqciebis jonsis samrewvelo indeqsSi
122 123

im 30 kompaniis aqciaTa CamonaTvali, romelic CarTulia dou- korporaciebis mier gamoSvebuli yvela aqciis sabazro
jonsis samrewvelo indeqsSi Rirebulebis mixedviT. pirvelad igi gamoqveynebuli iyo 1973
Alcoa, Exxon-Mobil, McDonald's, American Express, wels da 1983 wlis ivlisamde aerTianebda
General Electric, Merck, AT&T Corp, General Motors, 100 punqts. 1993 wlis ivlisSi moxda misi kotireba. igi
Microsoft, Boeing, Hewlett-Packard, MN Mining moicavs komponentebis saxiT 800 gamoSvebis aqciebs). rodesac
Manufacturing (3M), Caterpillar, Home Depot, Morgan vsaubrobT fasian qaRaldebsa da safondo birJebze, aucileblad
JP, Citigroup, Honeywell, Philip Morris, Coca Cola, IBM, unda vaxsenoT NASDAQ-i.
Procter & Gamble, Disney, Intel, SBC Communications, aSS-is safondo birJebis Sesaxeb 1934 wels miRebul kanonSi
DuPont, International Paper, United Technologies,
1938 wels Setanili iqna sayovelTaod cnobili e.w. melonis
Eastman Kodak, Johnson & Johnson, Walmart.
Sesworebebi, romlis Sesabamisad, daarsda fasiani qaRaldebis
2. dou-jonsis satransporto indeqsi ( DJTA)
dilerTa nacionaluri asociacia (NASD)
aris saSualo maCvenebeli, romelic axasiaTebs 20
NASD-s zedamxedvelobs fasiani qaRaldebisa da birJebis
satransporto korporaciis (aviakompaniis, sarkinigzo
komisia. igi aris uzarmazari TviTregulirebadi organizacia,
korporaciisa da saavtomobilo gzebis kompaniis) aqciebis
romlis wevrebs aqtiurad warmoadgenen aSS-s yvela is broker-
fasebis moZraobas.
dilerebi, romlebic dakavebulni arian fasiani qaRaldebis
3. dou-jonsis komunaluri indeqsi ( DJUA) — saSualo
biznesiT.
maCvenebeli, romelic axasiaTebs gazisa da
NASDAQ-is aqciebis bazari aris yvelaze ufro mowinave
eleqtromommaragebeli 15 kompaniis aqciebis kursis
fasiani qaRaldebis bazari, romelic imarTeba da regulirdeba
cvlilebebs.
NASD-is mier. igi warmoadgens uzarmazar eleqtronul,
4. dou-jonsis krebiTi indeqsi (The Dow Jones Composite)
demonstrirebul (ekranul) aqciebis bazars. iyenebs ra mowinave
(cnobilia agreTve dasaxelebiT indeqs-65) — maCvenebeli,
kompiuterul da telekomunikaciur teqnologiebs, sadac
romelic dgeba samrewvelo, satransporto da komunaluri
CarTulni arian monawileebi, NASDAQ-i aZlevs uflebas
indeqsebis bazaze.
monawile firmebs sakuTari da investorebis xarjze realur
dou-jonsis indeqsis garda aSS-Si gavrcelebulia iseTi
droSi Seasrulon garigebebi. NASDAQ-i tradiciuli
indeqsebi, rogoricaa: indeqsi `sTendard end fuarz-500~
birJebisagan gamoirCeva bazris Semqmnelebis (Market Makers)
(warmoadgens 500 korporaciis aqciebis sabazro Rirebulebis
saSualo Sewonils. masSi Sedis 400 samrewvelo korporacia, mravalferovnebiT, romlebic Ria konkurencias uweven
20 satransporto, 40 safinanso da 40 komunaluri kompania), erTmaneTs investorebis davalebebis Sesrulebaze. daarsda ra
indeqsi `sTendard end fuarz-100~, niu-iorkis safondo birJis 1970 wels, dResdReobiT NASDAQ-ze xdeba amerikis bazarze
indeqsi, amerikis safondo birJis ZiriTadi sabazro indeqsi aqciebiT Sesrulebuli garigebebis naxevarze meti da igi
(warmoadgens 20 wamyvani samrewvelo korporaciis aqciebis warmoadgens msoflioSi meore bazars vaWrobis moculobiT.
NASDAQ-Si ufro meti adgilobrivi da sazRvargareTuli
fasis
cvlilebis saSualo maCvenebels), amerikis safondo birJis kompaniaa listingSi Setanili, vidre aSS-is yvela sxva fasiani
sabazro Rirebulebis indeqsi (warmoadgens maCvenebels, qaRaldebis bazarze erTad aRebuli. yovelwliurad NASDAQ-
romelic ganisazRvreba masSi komponentebis saxiT CarTuli ze aqciebis wliuri brunva miaxloebiT Seadgens 100- 102
124 125

miliard cals, rac Tanxobrivad udris 2,4-2,5 trilion Sesaxeb” da `fasiani qaRaldebis bazris Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos
dolars. aqciebis saSualo dRiuri brunva Seadgens 400-402 kanonebis Sesabamisad. misi sruli saxelwodebaa: qarTulad _
milion cals, xolo Tanxobrivad — 9,4-9,6 miliard dolars. saaqcio sazogadoeba `saqarTvelos safondo birJa~; inglisurad
NASDAQ-is listingSi CarTulia miaxloebiT 5200 kompaniis – GSE.
aqciebi da registrirebulia miaxloebiT 520 bazris Semqmneli.
sxva qveynebis indeqsebidan aRsaniSnavia inglisSi: bolo dros ganviTarebulma movlenebma (finansuri krizisi,
agvistos movlenebi) mkveTrad Seamcira aqtivoba safondo
`FT-30~ — uZvelesi indeqsia inglisSi (1935 w.); bazarze da Seaferxa mimdinare ganviTarebis procesebi.
`FT-100~ — yvelaze popularuli indeqsi inglisSi, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa safinanso zedamxedvelobis saagento
iangariSeba 100 kompaniis aqciis kursidan; saangariSo periodSi ganagrZobda aqtiur TanamSromlobas
`FT-250~ — gamoiTvleba saSualo sididis kompaniebis aqciebis bazris monawileebTan da atarebda RonisZiebebs bazris
kursidan, es is Semdegi 250 kompaniaa, `FT-100~-Si Semaval ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis.
kompaniebs rom mosdevs.
`FT-350~ — aerTianebs indeqss `FT-100~ da `FT-250~. birJis saqmianobis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens saqarTveloSi
saerTo indeqsi FT did britaneTSi yvelaze ufro momcveli fasiani qaRaldebis gamWvirvale da likviduri organizebuli
indeqsia, iangariSeba 750 kompaniis aqciaTa kursis mixedviT bazris Camoyalibeba, sicocxlisunariani savaWro meqanizmis
dReSi erTxel. Seqmna da misi funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofa. birJis
iaponiis ZiriTadi indeqsebia: saqmianobis sagania:
nikei (Nikkei) 1950 wlidan iangariSeba tokios birJis erTi a) fasiani qaRaldebisa da sxva finansuri instrumentebis
seqciis 225 aqciis bazaze dou-jonsis indeqsis msgavsad. yidvisa da gayidvis Sesaxeb winadadebebis Segroveba;
klasikuri indeqsi TOPIX 1968 wlidan iangariSeba tokios b) fasiani qaRaldebis sajaro vaWrobis organizeba sabirJo
birJis erTi seqciis yvela aqciidan. wesebis da procedurebis Sesabamisad;
germaniaSi ZiriTadi safondo indeqsia DAX — iangariSeba 30 g) sabirJo vaWrobebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb da safondo bazarTan
aqciis bazaze. iangariSeba agreTve kompozituri indeqsi CDAX dakavSirebuli sxva informaciis gavrceleba.
— 320 aqciis bazaze. safrangeTSi ZiriTadi safondo indeqsi d) kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sxva saqmianoba. birJis sawesdebo
CAC-40 da generaluri indeqsi CACGeneral, igive SBF 250. kapitali Seadgens 30 000 (ocdaaTi aTas) lars.
CAC-40 iangriSeba safrangeTis birJebis sazogadoebis sawesdebo kapitali dayofilia 3 000 000 (sam milion) cal
mier 40 umsxvilesi kompaniis aqciebis bazaze. aqciad, romelTagan TiToeulis nominaluri Rirebuleba
1993 wlidan `uol sTriT jornel~ aqveynebs `dou- Seadgens 0.01 (erT meased) lars.
jonsis~ msoflio indeqss, (Dow Jones World Stock
Index), romelic iTvleba 13 qveynis 2200 kompaniis aqciebiT. GSX indeqsi (SemdgomSi - `indeqsi~) warmoadgens birJis
fasiani qaRaldebis bazari saqarTveloSi jer kidev savaWro sistemis oficialur indikators da misi gaangariSeba
ganviTarebis Canasaxobriv stadiaSia. “saqarTvelos safondo da gamoqveyneba xdeba qvemoT moyvanili wesebis mixedviT.
birJa~ aris saaqcio sazogadoeba da moqmedebs “mewarmeTa indeqsis portfeli, an indeqsis baza warmoadgens fasiani
126 127

qaRaldebis nusxas, romlis safuZvelzec dgeba indeqsi. mln lari. dafiqsirebul garigebaTa saerTo moculobaSi
indeqsis bazaSi, ZiriTadad, Sedis savaWro sistemis listingSi registratorebis mier birJaze dafiqsirebul garigebaTa
arsebuli fasiani qaRaldebi. moculobas 98.3 procenti, xolo Rirebulebas 94.1 procenti
uWiravs (moculobiT 2,9 mlrd cali, RirebulebiT _ 90.1 mln
lari). sabrokero kompaniebis mier birJaze dadebul da
dafiqsirebul garigebaTa raodenobam Seadgina 3,186, fasiani
qaRaldebis moculobam _ 126.1 mln erTeuli, xolo
Rirebulebam _ 17.6 mln lari.
fasiani qaRaldi ewodeba fulad an sasaqonlo dokuments,
romelic mflobels gansazRvruli qonebis an fuladi
Semosavlis miRebis uflebas aZlevs.
misi saxeebia:
obligacia (obligatio) niSnavs valdebulebas da
erTerTi gavrcelebuli fasiani qaRaldia. obligaciis
mflobelma Seitana fuladi saxsrebi mocemuli fasiani
qaRaldis SesaZenad da obligaciis gamomSvebi (anu emitenti),
rogorc emisioneri, valdebulia warmodgenisTanave gaanaRdos
is nominaluri Rirebulebis mixedviT, rasac dafarvas uwodeben.
aqcia (action) - fasiani qaRaldia, romelic adasturebs
misi mflobelis mier wilis Setanas aqcioneruli sazogadoebis
sawesdebo kapitalSi. aqcioners ufleba aqvs miiRos
saqarTvelos fasiani qaRaldebis bazari 2009 wlisTvis aqcioneruli sazogadoebidan wili dividendis saxiT an kidev
warmodgenili iyo bazris Semdegi licenzirebuli monawileebis gayidos safondo birJaze Sesabamisi saaqcio kursis mixedviT.
saxiT: 1 safondo birJa, 1 fasiani qaRaldebis centraluri Tamasuqi (wechsel gacvla) grZelvadiani fasiani
depozitari, 10 sabrokero kompania da 8 registratori. qaRaldia, romelic Sedgenilia werilobiTi formiT. Tamasuqi,
saqarTvelos safondo birJis mier mowodebuli am fasiani qaRaldis mflobels aZlevs kanoniT aRiarebul
informaciiT, 2009 wlis 31 dekembris monacemebiT saqarTvelos uflebas, miiRos fuladi vali gasazRvruli pirobebiT
safondo birJis sistemaSi daSvebuli iyo 146 emitentis fasiani dafiqsirebuli vadis ganmavlobaSi.
qaRaldi. mocemuli periodisTvis fasiani qaRaldebis garigebaTa depozituri sertifikati (depoziti warmoSobilia
saerTo moculobam Seadgina: 98.9 mln laris Rirebulebis 3 laTinuri sityva depositum-isagan, rac niSnavs Sesanaxad
mlrd cali fasiani qaRaldi. aqedan birJis savaWro sesiaze datovebuls, magaliTad, fuladi anabrebi bankSi - sabanko
dadebul garigebaTa moculobaa 12.7 mln erTeuli, depozitebi, xolo sityva sertifikati laTinuri sityva
RirebulebiT _ 3.1 mln lari, xolo birJis gareT dadebul certifico-isaganaa warmoSobili da niSnavs ,,vamowmeb~) fasiani
garigebaTa moculoba _ 3 mlrd erTeuli, RirebulebiT _ 95.8
128 129

qaRaldi, romelic adasturebs serTifikatis mflobelis mier fasiani qaRaldebis gayidvebisagan miRebuli amonagebi
fuladi saxsrebis bankSi Cadebas. ganisazRvreba gayiduli fasiani qaRaldebis raodenobis maT
Ceki dadgenili formis fuladi fasiani qaRaldia. is faqtiur fasebze gadamravlebiT.
upiro gankargulebaa imis Taobaze, rom Cekis mlobelze biujetSi gayidvebisagan moziduli Tanxebi ganisazRvreba
(pirovnebaze, romelzedac gaica Ceki) Sesabamisma sakredito mTliani saxelmwifos mier gamoSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebis
dawesebulebam unda gasces Sesabamisi Tanxa. ,,bankSi es Tanxa gayidvis Rirebulebasa da dafarvis Tanxebis Soris sxvaobiT.
Camoiwereba Cekis gamcemis saCeko angariSebidan da gadaigzavneba statistika Seiswavlis, agreTve, TviT safondo birJis
an uSualod gaicema bankis mier Cekis mflobelze. aseTi saCeko muSaobis safinanso-ekonomikur rogorc moculobriv, ise
operacia winaswaraa gaTvaliswinebuli saCeko xelSekrulebaSi xarisxobriv maCveneblebs.
banksa da Cekis gamcems Soris~. safondo birJis, rogorc organizebuli erTeulis
statistika safondo birJasa da fasian qaRaldebs saerTo xasiaTis safinanso-ekonomikuri maCveneblebi iseTivea,
Seiswavlis rogorc moculobiTi, ise xarisxobrivi rogoricaa Cveulebrivi rogorc safinanso ise arasafinanso
maCveneblebiT. TiToeuli maTgani ganixileba fasiani qaRaldebis seqtoris maCvenebelTa sistema (gamoSvebuli produqciis an
pirveladi da meoradi bazrebis mixedviT. momsaxurebis saerTo moculoba, momuSaveTa ricxovnoba,
pirvelad bazarze xdeba fasiani qaRaldebis emisia ZiriTadi da sabrunavi kapitali, mogeba-zarali, rentabeloba da
(gamoSveba) da maTi ganTavseba safondo birJaze, xolo meoard sxv.). safondo birJis specifikuri ekonomikur-statistikuri
bazarze - garigebani da gayidvebi. maCveneblebia:
orTave bazarze moqmedebs rogorc saxelmwifo, ise kerZo birJis tevadoba, likviduroba, koncentracia,
biznesi da menejmenti. saxelmwifo uSvebs, magaliTad, ,,Sefasebadoba~, struqtura, Semosavlianoba da sxv.
saxelmwifo moklevadian obiligaciebs da federaluri sesxebis birJis tevadoba anu bazris moculoba aris listing
obligaciebs. fasiani qaRaldebi SeuZlia gamouSvas, agreTve, gavlili emitetentebisa (aqciebis, obligaciebis da sxv.) da
adgilobrivi, municipaluri TviTmmarTvelobis organoebmac. kapitalizaciis (bazris masStabis - aqciebis Rirebulebis)
pirveladi bazris moculobiTi statistikuri saerTo moculoba. am maCvenebliT SeiZleba SevadaroT
maCveneblebia: fasiani qaRaldebis gamoSvebis (emisiis) erTmaneTs sxvadasxva qveynis safondo birJebi. msoflioSi
moculoba, bazarze ganTavsebis moculoba, gayidvidan amonagebis gamoirCeva yvelaze didi tevadobis 10 safondo birJa.
moculoba, saxelmwifo biujetSi (Tu es exeba saxelmwifosa da maT Sorisaa:
adgilobrivi organoebis mier gamoSvebul fasian qaRaldebs) niu-iorkis (aSS) (10,0 trilion dolarze meti
Tanxebis mozidvis moculoba. moculobis)
emisiis anu gamoSvebis moculoba ganisazRvreba nasdakis (aSS) (5,0 trilionze meti tevadobis)
gamoSvebuli fasiani qaRaldebis gadamravlebiT nominalur anu tokio (iaponia) (2,4 trilionze meti tevadobis)
sabazro Rirebulebaze. londonis (inglisi) (2,3 trilionze meti tevadobis)
fasiani qaRaldebis bazarze ganTavsebis saerTo moculoba germaniis (1,0 trilionze meti)
ganisazRvreba auqcionebze investorebis raodenobis parizis (safr.) (991,0 mlrd dolarze meti)
gadamravlebiT nominalur fasze. Sveicariis (689,0 mlrd dolarze meti)
130 131

amsterdamis (603,0 mlrd dolarze meti) cvalebadi, fiqsirebuli da struqturuli Semadgenlobis

italia (569 mlrd dolarze meti) indeqsebi. struqturuli cvalebadobani gavlenas axdens birJis
toronto (543,0 mlrd dolarze meti) safinanso-ekonomikuri maCveneblebis cvalebadobaze (maRali
birJis likviduroba niSnavs birJis mTliani sabrunavi mogebis fasiani qaRaldebis xvedriTi wilis gadideba saerTo
kapitalis gadaqcevis siswrafes fulad kapitalSi, anu garigebaTa moculobaSi adidebs birJis Semosavlianobasa da
vaWrobis siswrafes. misi pirdapiri maCveneblebia brunvadobis mogebas, an kidev piriqiT).
koeficienti K da brunvadobis dReebi t safondo birJis saerTo Semosavlebi Semosavlis sami
sxvaobiT ganisaRzvreba:
Q
K 1. Semosavlebi safondo birJis saerTo momsaxurebidan
S (fasiani momsaxurebis gavrceleba, sakliringo da sadepozito
momsaxureba, sawevro Senatanebi da sxv.);
sadac, Q
2. treidingis gadasaxadebi. treideri (ing. trade-
- birJaze garigebaTa mTliani Rirebuleba
vaWroba) pirovnebaa, romelic monawileobs sabrokero da
sabazro fasebSi;
sadilero vaWrobaSi birJaze. treidingis gadasaxadebSi Sedis
S - birJaze sabrunavi kapitalis (fasiani qaRaldebis) sabirJo mosakreblebi sabirJo garigebaTa mixedviT, saarendo
saSualo naSTi mocemul periodSi: terminalebiT momsaxureba da sxv.
T 3. listingze gadasaxadebi. listingi (ingl. list-sia)
t niSnavs kompaniis aqciebis siaSi Setanas. aqciebis siaSi
K Seitaneba is aqciebi, romelTa kotireba warmoebs mocemul
birJaze. kotireba fasebis dadgenas gulisxmobs fasiani
sadac, T - kalendaruli dReebis ricxvia mocemul qaRaldebze, valutasa da sxva saqonelze birJaze moqmedi
periodSi. sakanonmdeblo wesebisa da normebis mixedviT. sruli kotireba
safondo birJis koncentraciis maCvenebelia birJis gulisxmobs fasebis dadgenas, romelsac sTavazoben birJis
kapitalis xvedriTi wili saerTo sabirJo kapitalis gamyidvelebi da myidvelebi.
moculobaSi qveyanaSi da msoflioSi. magaliTad, zemoTmotanili ukanaskneli periodis monacemebiT saSualod msoflios
10 msxvili safondo birJidan niu-iorkis birJas uWiravs safondo birJebze swrafad izrdeba treidingidan Semosavlebis
24,0%-ze meti, nasdakis birJas 22,0%-ze meti da a.S. xvedriTi wili (31,2%-dan 42,7%-mde) da mcirdeba listingisa
safondo birJis ,,Sefasebadobas~ angariSoben aqciis da saerTo momsaxurebidan safondo birJebis Semosavlebis
sabazro fasis SefardebiT mogebasTan da msjeloben aqciis xvedriTi wili.
kursis cvalebadobaze mogebasTan mimarTebaSi.
safondo birJis mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia, agreTve, biznesmenebi, investorebi da menejerebi safondo birJaze
struqtura fasiani qaRaldebis mixedviT. aq CvenTvis cnobili fasiani qaRaldebis yidva-gayidvis garkveuli qcevis wesebsa da
struqturis SefardebiTi sidideebis gamoyenebiT gaiangariSeba struqturas emorCilebian. pirvel yovlisa, gaiTvaliswineba
fasiani qaRaldebis xvedriTi wili da am safuZvelze birJis bankebis depozitebze sabanko procenti, romelsac isini
132 133

miiReben Tavisufali fuladi Tanxebis bankebSi ganTavsebisas. fasi nominalur Rirebulebaze dabalia da amboben, rom
cxadia, fasiani qaRaldis yidvisas biznesmenma, investorma da obligacia iyideba diskontiT;
menejerma unda miiRos meti ekonomikuri sargebeli, vidre am b) Tu piriqiTaa, K  E maSin obligaciis fasi ufro
Tanxis bankebSi depozitebze ganTavsebis pirobebSi miiReben. maRalia, vidre misi nominaluri Rirebuleba da amboben, rom
amitom statistikaSi dadgenilia meTodologia, romliTac obligacia iyideba premiiT. aqedan ekonomikuri daskvna:
gaiangariSeba fasiani qaRaldebidan Semosavlis sidide.
Tu refinansirebis ganakveTi ( E ) mcirdeba, obligaciidan
magaliTad, obligaciisagan mosalodneli Semosavlebi ori
miRebuli Semosavlebi diddeba da aWarbebs im Tanxebs,
nawilisagan Sedgeba: obligaciis arsebobis mTliani periodis
romlebic SeiZleboda biznesmenebs mieRoT am Tanxebis bankebSi
manZilze procentuli Semosavlebi da sesxis (anu obligaciis
sadepozito angariSebze ganTavsebiT, amitom aseT SemTxvevaSi
nominalis ganaRdebis Tanxa). ama Tu im periodSi obligaciis
investorebi upiratesobas aniWeben obligaciebis SeZenas.
Rirebulebas gansazRvraven Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT:
n
analogiuri gaangariSebani SeiZleba vawarmooT aqciis
Q Q1
P  fasis gansazRvrisaTvis. sabolood miviRebT, rom aqciis fasi
t 1 1  E 
t
1  E N pirdapirproporciulia dividendisa da ukuproporciulia
aqciis Semosavlianobis procentisa anu igive refinansirebis
sadac t , t -iuri sakupone procentuli gadaxdis
nomeria; (kuponi fasiani qaRaldis nawilia mosaxevi talonis koeficientisa ( E ), rac Cven gamoviyeneT obligaciis
saxiT, romelic saTanado dros moexeva fasian qaRalds da Rirebulebis gansazRvrisaTvis.
banks gadaecema gasanaRdeblad)
n - sakupone gadaxdebis raodenoba; savaluto gacvliTi kursi ewodeba erTi qveynis valutis
fass, rac gamosaxulia sxva qveynis valutiT anu fuladi
E - mimdinare saganakveTo kursia, romelsac uwodeben, erTeulebiT.
agreTve, ganTavsebis ganakveTs da Cveulebrivad refinansirebis ase xdeba, magaliTad, ucxouri investiciebis dabandebisas
(axali fasiani qaRaldebis gamocemis) ganakveTis tolia; sxva qveyanaSi, saerTaSoriso kreditebis miRebisas,
Q1 - obligaciis nominaluri Rirebulebaa; saerTaSoriso savaWro garigebisas turistuli da samivlinebo
mogzaurobisas da sxv.
N - obligaciis dafarvamde darCenili wlebi;
savaluto bazari ewodeba savaluto birJaze an birJis
Q - sakupone Semosavali anu procentuli gareT bankTaSorisi da savaluto jixurebis meSveobiT valutis
gadasaxdelebi; yidva-gayidvis urTierTobebs. valuta, romelic gamodis da
mimoiqceva bazarze, SeiZleba iyos konventirebadi an
QQ K
( 1 , sadac K - sakupone ganakveTia). arakonvertirebadi. rTuli konventirebadi ewodeba valutas,
obligaciis gamoSvebis momentSi sakupone da mimdinare romlis mixedviT sabazro garigebebs araviTari winaRobani ar
saganakveTo kursebi erTmaneTs emTxveva. amasTan rogorc gaaCnia, xolo arakonvertirebadi valutis mimarT TiTqmis
formulidan Cans: yvela operaciazea dawesebuli garkveuli sakanonmdeblo
a) Tu K  E maSin obligaciis SezRudvebi. arsebobs, agreTve, nawilobriv konvertirebadi
134 135

valuta, romlis mixedviT mxolod zogierT operaciazea 1 aSS dolari = 1,863 lars,
dawesebuli garkveuli SezRudvebi. 1 aSS dolari = 28.936 rusul maneTs,
msoflioSi arsebobs rogorc regionaluri (evropaSi - 28.936
londonis, ciurixis, frankfurtis, aziaSi - tokios, hinkongis, 1 rusuli maneTi =  15.532 lars.
singapuris, amerikaSi - niuiorkis, losanJelesis, Cikagos) ise
1.863
forvarduli kursi ewodeba arasabirJo garigebidan,
erovnuli savaluto bazrebi. regionalur bazrebze warmoebs
saswrafod ori samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi angariSsworebas.
msoflios ZiriTadi savaluto erTeulebis kotireba, xolo
gamyidvelis kursi aris is kursi, romliTac banki hyidis
erovnul bazrebze rogorc Tavisufali konvertirebadi
valutas, xolo myidvelis kursi - romliTac banki yidulobs
msoflio valutis ise erovnuli valutebis operaciebi.
valutas.
savaluto kotireba ewodeba valutis kursis dadgenas
saerTaSoriso saxelmwifoebriv da biznesmenur
savaluto bazrebze (sityva kotireba warmoSobilia franguli
saqmianobaSi erTob mniSvnelovania valutis gacvliTi kursi.
sityva koter-isagan), rasac awarmoeben Sesabamisi kotirebis
gacvliTi kursi aris ori sxvadasxva qveynis valutris is
komisiebi da aqveyneben biuletenebSi. savaluto kursi
raodenoba, romliTac SeiZleba iyido saqonlisa da
savaluto bazarze yalibda moTxovna-miwodebis mixedviT. amas
momsaxurebis erTnairi moculoba.
ewodeba Tavisuflad mcocavi savaluto kursi. xSir
magaliTi. 1 kg. Zroxis xorci = 9,5 lars,
SemTxvevaSi aseTi stiqiuri procesis mosawesrigeblad
1 kg. Zroxis xorci = 90 maneTs.
erovnuli bankis meSveobiT TviT mTavroba axdens intervencias
9.5
bazarze, ris Sedegadac yalibdeba SedarebiT gawonasworebuli, aqedan cxadia, rom 1 maneTi =  0.1055 lars.
gamoTanabrebuli savaluto kursebi. swored aseTi kursebis 90
formirebis proceduraa savaluto kotireba. maSasadame, Tu Cveulebrivi kursis mixedviT 1 maneTi
savaluto kursi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis: 0,0519 lars Seadgens, zemoTmotanili magaliTis mixedviT
pirdapiri, Sebrunebuli, kros-kursi, forvarduli, fiuCersuli, Zroxis xorcis gacvliTi kursis 1 maneTi = 0,1055 lars.
myidvelis, gamyidvelis, gacvliTi da sxv. sxvagvarad amas uwodeben valutis msyidvelobiTi unarianobis
pirdapiri kursi ewodeba mocemuli qveynis savaluto paritets.
erTeulze sxva qveynis savaluto erTeulebis raodenobriobas, saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi msyidvelobiTi unarianobis
xolo arapirdapiri, Sebrunebuli, ki piriqiT, sxva qveynis paritets angariSoben ara mxolod erTi saxis saqonlis, aramed
savaluto erTeulis gamosaxvaa ama Tu im qveynis valutis saqonelTa jgufebisa da mTeli sasaqonlo nomenklaturis
raodenobiT. mixedviT. msyidvelobiTi unarianobis paritetis indeqsi aseTi
magaliTad, 2010 wlis pirveli ivlisisTvis 1 larze saxisaa:
modioda 0,537 aSS dolari (pirdapiri kursi), xolo 1
dolarze - 1,863 lari (Sebrunebuli kursi).
kros - kursi or savaluto erTeulTa Soris I msy.unar.p arit. 
qp
a a

urTierTSefardebaa, rac gansazRvrulia maTi mesame savaluto q p

a b
erTeulTan SefardebiT. magaliTad, 2010 wlis 1 ivlisisTvis:
136 137

sadac, qa - aris ,,a~ qveynis saqonlis jgufis an mTeli niSnavs, aSS dolari paritetulia 1,75 larisa, xolo 1 lari
400
sasaqonlo produqciis fizikuri moculoba;  0.571 dolarisa.
pa da pb - Sesabamisad ,,a~ da ,,b~ qveynebis fasebia 700
mocemul periodSi. es sxva araferia Tu ara samomxmareblo aseTi gacvliTi kursiT iwarmoebs savaluto
kavSirurTierTobani amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da
fasebis teritoriuli indeqsi.
ase angariSoben, magaliTad, kvebis produqtebis saqarTvelos Soris.
arsebobs gacvliTi kursis sxvadasxva saxeobani. maT
moxmarebas fiziologiur normebis mixedviT jer ,,a~ qveynis
Sorisaa nominaluri savaluto gacvliTi kursi, realuri
fasebiT, Semdeg ,,b~ qveynis fasebiT da Sefardeba gvaZlevs
savaluto gacvliTi kursi, realuri efeqturi gacvliTi kursi
msyidvelobiTi unarianobis paritetis indeqss kvebis
da nominaluri efeqturi gacvliTi kursi.
produqtebis mixedviT.
magaliTad, saqarTveloSi 2004 wlamde moqmedebda kvebis
nominaluri savaluto gacvliTi kursi araa
produqtebze Semdegi odenobis moxmarebis fiziologiuri
normebi (saSualowliuri moxmareba kg-obiT erT sulze). damokidebuli inflaciur procesebze, xolo danarCeni - asaxavs
inflaciuri procesebis zemoqmedebas savaluto gacvliT
puri da purproduqtebi 115
kursze. nominalur gacvliT kurss sxvagvarad SeiZleba
kartofili 53
bostneuli da baRCeuli 107 vuwodoT faqtiuri gacvliTi kursi.
xili, kenkra, yurZeni 90
Saqari 40 ოფიციალური ყოველდღიური გაცვლითი კურსები ვალუტების
xorci da xorcis produqtebi 78 მიხედვით – წარმოადგენს ეროვნული ბანკის მიერ წინა დღეს
rZe da rZis produqtebi 405 დადგენილ კურსებს, რომლებიც მოქმედებაშია მოცემული
kverci (calobiT) 210 თარიღისათვის.
aseT normativebs amravleben Sesyidvis anu sabazro
fasebze, gamosaxuls jer erovnuli valutiT, Semdeg ki im რეალური გაცვლითი კურსები (RExR) გაანგარიშებულია
qveynis valutiT, romlis mimarT undaT daadginon mocemuli შესაბამისი ნომინალური გაცვლითი კურსების ინდექსების (In)
qveynis valutis paritetuli kursi da jamSi Rebuloben შებრუნებული სიდიდის გამრავლებით საქართველოსა და
mocemuli saxis kvebis produqtebis mixedviT sasursaTo შესაბამისი პარტნიორი j ქვეყნის სამომხმარებლო ფასების
kalaTis Rirebulebas. vTqvaT, saqarTvelosa da aSS qveynebis ინდექსების (CPIgeo და CPIj) შეფარდებაზე:
mixedviT davuSvaT, rom qarTul valutaSi (larobiT) aseTi
saxis kvebis produqtebze sasursaTo kalaTis Rirebulebam
CPIgeo
Seadgina 700 lari, xolo aSS dolarobiT - 400 dolari. RExR  1 
In CPIj
700
maSasadame  1.75 lari erTi dolaris mimarT. es imas
400
138 139

რეალური ეფექტური გაცვლითი კურსი – ასახავს ლარის wi

NEER    1 
12
გაცვლითი კურსის ინდექსის ცვლილებას საქართველოსა და
 ei 
,
მის ძირითად სავაჭრო პარტნიორ ქვეყნებში, სამომხმარებლო i 1 

ფასების ინდექსებს შორის თანაფარდობის ცვლილების

გათვალისწინებით. იგი გაიანგარიშება როგორც საქართველოსა სადაც ei არის ლარის ნომინალური გაცვლითი კურსი i
და მის 12 ძირითად სავაჭრო პარტნიორ ქვეყანაში პარტნიორი ქვეყნის ვალუტის მიმართ, wi - i ქვეყნის წონა
(აზერბაიჯანი, აშშ, გაერთიანებული სამეფო, გერმანია, საქართველოს საგარეო სავაჭრო ბრუნვაში. ნომინალური
თურქეთი, იტალია, ნიდერლანდები, რუსეთი, საფრანგეთი, ეფექტური
სომხეთი, უკრაინა, შვეიცარია) რეალური გაცვლითი კურსების
შეწონილი საშუალო გეომეტრიული: magaliTi. saqarTveloSi laris nominalurma kursma 2010
wlis ianvarSi Seadgina 1,8125, anu 1 aSS dolari udrida 1,8125
wi lars. 2010 wlis ivnisis bolos Seadgina 1,7430.
P 
  1 
12
REER    , 1.7430
i 1  Pi  ei  zrdis tempi: In   0.9617
1.8125
სადაც ei არის ლარის ნომინალური გაცვლითი კურსი i anu daiklo (1-0,9617)X100=3.83 procentuli punqtiT.
პარტნიორი ქვეყნის ვალუტის მიმართ, wi - i ქვეყნის წონა magaliTi. saqarTveloSi nominaluri gacvliTi kursis
საქართველოს საგარეო სავაჭრო ბრუნვაში, P და Pi - indeqsma 2010 wlis ivnisis bolos Seadgina 142,1.
samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsebma saqarTveloSi 220,3%,
სამომხმარებლო ფასების ინდექსი საქართველოში და i
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi 142,2%.
პარტნიორ ქვეყანაში.

CPIgeo 1 220.3
რეალური ეფექტური გაცვლითი კურსის ინდექსის ზრდა RExR  1     0.0109023
ნიშნავს ეროვნული ვალუტის რეალურ გამყარებას და
In CPIj 142.1 142.2
ექსპორტის კონკურენტუნარიანობის დაქვეითებას, ხოლო anu 109.02 %
შემცირება – პირიქით.
es maCvenebeli ianvris TvesTan SedarebiT gaizarda
ნომინალური ეფექტური გაცვლითი კურსი – წარმოადგენს 9.02%-iT.
maSasadame, Tu saqarTveloSi laris nominaluri gacvliTi
პარტნიორი ქვეყნების მიმართ (აზერბაიჯანი, აშშ,
kursi aSS dolaris mimarT Semcirda 3.83%-iT, realuri,
გაერთიანებული სამეფო, გერმანია, თურქეთი, იტალია,
piriqiT - gaizarda 9.02%. es gamoiwvia iman, rom inflaciis
ნიდერლანდები, რუსეთი, საფრანგეთი, სომხეთი, უკრაინა,
tempebi ufro maRali iyo saqarTveloSi, vidre amerikis
შვეიცარია) ლარის ნომინალური გაცვლითი კურსის SeerTebul StatebSi.
ინდექსების შეწონილ საშუალო გეომეტრიულს:
140 141

Tema 7. mewarmeobis statistika sawarmo SeiZleba iyos individualuri (fizikuri) an

iuridiuli piri. saqarTvelos kanoni „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“
saqarTvelos kanoni „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ samewarmeo gansazRvravs sawarmos organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis
saqmianobas gansazRvravs rogorc marTlzomier da araerTjerad Semdeg tipebs:
saqmianobas, romelic orientirebulia mogebaze da xorcieldeba • individualuri sawarmo (fizikuri piri);
damoukideblad da organizebulad. sawarmo aris ekonomikuri • solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba;
erTeuli, romelic awarmoebs saqonels an eweva momsaxurebas, • komandituri sazogadoeba;
damoukideblad iRebs ekonomikur gadawyvetilebebs sakuTari • SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba;
resursebis ganawilebis Sesaxeb (flobs gadawyvetilebaTa • saaqcio sazogadoeba;
miRebaSi Tavisuflebis gansazRvrul xarisxs). • kooperativi.
sawarmo axorcielebs erT an ramodenime saqmianobis individualuri sawarmos mflobeli aris fizikuri piri,
saxes, erTi an meti adgilmdebareobis mixedviT. praqtikaSi, romelsac aqvs samewarmeo wesiT mowyobili organizacia,
subieqtTa umravlesoba dakavebulia Sereuli xasiaTis mowesrigebuli sakaso da sabuRaltro saqme. samarTlebriv
saqmianobiT (erTdroulad axorcielebs erTze met saqmianobis urTierTobebSi igi gamodis Tavisi saxeliT.
saxes). Sesabamisad ganasxvaveben: ZiriTadi saqmianoba solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba aris sazogadoeba,
warmoadgens saqmianobas, romelic gamoirCeva konkretuli romelSic ramdenime fizikuri piri erToblivad, erTiani
ekonomikuri safirmo saxelwodebiT eweva samewarmeo saqmianobas da
subieqtis mier mTliani damatebuli Rirebulebis SeqmnaSi partniorebi sazogadoebis valdebulebebisaTvis kreditorebis
udidesi wiliT. winaSe pasuxs ageben rogorc solidaruli movaleebi: uSualod,
amgvarad, ar aris aucilebeli ZiriTadi saqmianobis wilad pirdapir mTel valdebulebebze, SeuzRudavad mTeli Tavisi
modiodes ekonomikuri subieqtis mier Seqmnili mTliani qonebiT. solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebis
damatebuli Rirebulebis 50 procenti an meti. damxmare partniorebi SeiZleba iyvnen mxolod fizikuri pirebi.
saqmianoba warmoadgens saqmianobis saxeebs, romlebic qmnian komandituri sazogadoeba aris sazogadoeba, romelSic
pirobebs subieqtis mier ekonomikuri saqmianobebis (ZiriTadi da ramdenime piri erToblivad, erTiani safirmo saxelwodebiT
araZiriTadi) gansaxorcieleblad (sabuRaltro aRricxva, eweva samewarmeo saqmianobas. amasTan, erTi an ramdenime
transportireba, Senaxva, yidvebi, reklama, remonti da partnioris (komanditebi) pasuxismgebloba Semoifargleba
teqnikuri ekonomikuri saqmianobis saxeebi gansazRvrulia sazogadoebis kreditorebis winaSe gansazRvruli sagarantio
saqarTvelos erovnul klasifikatorSi `ekonomikuri Tanxis gadaxdiT, xolo sxva partniorebis (personalurad
saqmianobis saxeebi~ (sek 001-2004), romelic efuZneba pasuxismgebeli partniorebi – komplementarebi)
ekonomikur saqmianobaTa saxeebis evropul klasifikators pasuxismgebloba SezRuduli ar aris. komplementarebi SeiZleba
NACE (Nomenclature des Activities de Communaute iyvnen mxolod fizikuri pirebi.
Europeenne) [damtkicebulia 2004 wlis 22 dekembers, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba aris sazogadoeba,
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ministris brZanebiT]. romlis pasuxismgebloba misi kreditorebis winaSe
Semoifargleba mTeli Tavisi qonebiT, xolo partnioris
142 143

pasuxismgebloba - sawesdebo kapitalSi misi wilis odenobiT. erTeulis mier ganxorcielebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
aseTi sazogadoebis dafuZneba SeuZlia erT pirsac. gayidvis moculobas. brunva moicavs yvela gadasaxadsa Tu baJs
saaqcio sazogadoeba aris sazogadoeba, romelsac aqvs erTi da saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze (garda dRg-isa da brunvasTan
igive nominaluri Rirebulebis mqone aqciebad dayofili pirdapir kavSirSi myofi sxva gadasaxadebisa). masSi CairTveba
sawesdebo kapitali. sawesdebo kapitali unda Seadgendes sul agreTve yvela xarji (satransporto, SefuTvis da a.S.),
mcire 15000 lars. romlebic daekisreba myidvels. fasTa daweva, fasdaklebebi Tu
kooperativi aris wevrTa SromiT saqmianobaze dafuZnebuli fasdaTmobebi, agreTve dabrunebuli taris Rirebuleba SeiZleba
sazogadoeba, romlis mizania wevrTa interesebis dakmayofileba gamoiricxos brunvidan (naRdi angariSsworebisas mxolod
da igi mimarTuli ar aris upiratesad mogebis miRebaze. fasdaklebebis
sawarmoebi zomis mixedviT daiyofa Semdegnairad: gamoricxviT). brunvaSi ar CairTveba ZiriTadi kapitalis
msxvili, saSualo da mcire. mcire da saSualo sawarmoebs gayidva, agreTve subsidiebi warmoebaze, romlebic miRebulia
ganekuTvneba yvela organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis saxelmwifo organoebidan.
sawarmo, romelSic dasaqmebulTa saSualo wliuri raodenoba produqciis gamoSveba gansazRvravs ekonomikuri erTeulis mier
da romlis wliuri brunva ar aRemateba Semdeg zRvrul faqtobrivad warmoebuli produqciis raodenobas da
odenobebs: realizebuli produqciis moculobas, gadayidvisaTvis SeZenili
• mcire sawarmoebisaTvis - 20 dasaqmebulsa da 0.5 milion saqonlisa da momsaxurebis, agreTve materialuri sabrunavi
lars; saSualebebis maragebis cvlilebebis CaTvliT.
• saSualo sawarmoebisaTvis - 100 dasaqmebulsa da 1.5 milion gamoSvebuli produqcia ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad:
lars; brunva
• msxvil sawarmoebs ganekuTvneba sawarmo, sadac dasaqmebulTa + kapitalizebuli saqoneli da momsaxureba
raodenoba aRemateba 100 kacs da wliuri brunvis moculoba 1.5 + usasyidlod gacemuli sakuTari warmoebis mza produqcia
milion lars. sawarmoTa zemoT aRniSnuli gradacia moqmedebs + Sromis anazRaureba, romelic gaica dasaqmebul personalze
2002 wlidan. naturaluri saxiT
iuridiul pir sawarmos miekuTvneba: solidaruli - gadasayidad gankuTvnili saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvebi
pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, komandituri sazogadoeba, +/- daumTavrebeli warmoebis moculobis cvlileba (+ zrda, -
SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, saaqcio sazogadoeba kleba)
da kooperativi. +/- mza produqciis maragebis cvlileba (+ zrda, - kleba)
ekonomikur saqmianobad iTvleba nebismieri saqmianoba, +/- gadasayidad gankuTvnili saqonlis maragebis cvlileba (+
romelic warimarTeba mogebis, Semosavlis an kompensaciis zrda, - kleba)
misaRebad, miuxedavad aseTi saqmianobis Sedegebisa. ekonomikuri = gamoSvebuli produqcia
saqmianobis saxeebi gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos erovnuli kapitalizebuli produqcia (sakuTari sargeblobisaTvis
klasifikatoris mixedviT. warmoebuli produqcia) gulisxmobs im saqonlis Rirebulebas,
brunva aris saangariSi periodSi ekonomikuri romelic warmoebulia sakuTari ZalebiT da rCeba mwarmoeblebs
saqmianobis maCvenebeli, romelic Seesabameba mocemuli sakuTari saboloo moxmarebisa Tu investirebisaTvis.
144 145

ukanasknelSi moiazreba rogorc ZiriTadi materialuri, ise Sualeduri moxmareba ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad:
aramaterialuri aqtivebis (programuli uzrunvelyofis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvebi
Seqmna da a.S.) warmoebas. sakuTari sargeblobisaTvis Seqmnili - saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvebi ucvlel mdgomareobaSi
produqcia is produqciaa, romelic ar iyideba da misi gadayidvisaTvis
Rirebuleba Sefasdeba ZiriTadi fasebis mixedviT, romelic +/- nedleulis da masalebis, sxva Sromis sagnebis maragebis
arsebobs msgavs produqciaze. Tu es SeuZlebelia, maSin cvlileba
Sefaseba moxdeba warmoebis xarjebis mixedviT. unda aRiniSnos, ..........................
rom kapitalizebuli saqoneli SeiZleba CarTuli iqnes = Sualeduri moxmareba
investiciebSic. wliuri mogeba an zarali warmoadgens sawarmos saqmianobis
damatebuli Rirebuleba ZiriTad fasebSi eyrdnoba buRaltruli balansis Sedegs. igi gvevlineba rogorc
gamoSvebul produqcias, romelsac emateba subsidiebi warmoebiTi, finansuri da eqstraordinaruli saqmianobebidan
produqtebze, akldeba saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvebi miRebuli mogebebis an zaralis jami, romlis gaangariSebisas
(garda ucvlelad gadayidvisaTvis SeZenili produqtisa), gaiTvaliswineba gadaxdili gadasaxadebi da RirebulebiTi
agreTve akldeba an emateba nedleulis, masalebisa da sxva koreqtirebebi.
Sromis sagnebis maragebis cvlileba. aRniSnuli sidide mTliani mogeba warmoadgens mogebas, romelic miiReba sawarmos
warmoadgens damatebul Rirebulebas, romelic Sefasebulia saqmianobis Sedegad, moicavs mTlian mogebas warmoebidan da
ekonomikuri erTeulis warmoebiTi saqmianobis sxvadasxva mogebas finansuri operaciebidan. mTliani mogeba warmoadgens
faqtoruli xarjebis Rirebulebis mixedviT. damatebuli sawarmos rentabelobis maCvenebels da gamoiyeneba wliuri
Rirebuleba ZiriTad fasebSi ganisazRvreba Semdegnairad: mogebis an zaralis gamosavlenad.
brunva mTliani mogeba gaiangariSeba Semdegnairad:
- saqonlisa da momsaxurebis yidvebi mTliani mogeba warmoebidan
+/- saqonlisa da momsaxurebis maragebis cvlileba + finansuri Semosavlebi
+ kapitalizebuli produqcia (anu sakuTari sargeblobisaTvis - finansuri xarjebi
warmoebuli produqcia) + sxva Semosavlebi warmoebiTi saqmianobidan
+ subsidiebi produqtebze - sxva warmoebiTi xarjebi
.......................... ..........................
= damatebuli Rirebuleba ZiriTad fasebSi = mTliani mogeba
Sualeduri moxmareba ganisazRvreba rogorc im saqonlisa da mTliani mogeba warmoebidan warmoadgens mogebas, romelic
momsaxurebis moculoba, romelic moxmarebulia danaxarjebis miiReba warmoebiTi saqmianobidan Sromis faqtoruli
saxiT warmoebis procesSi. am SemTxvevaSi gamoricxulia danaxarjebis anazRaurebis Semdeg.
ZiriTadi kapitali, romlis moxmareba ganixileba rogorc Sromis mwarmoebluroba, kapitalis mwarmoebluroba,
ZiriTadi kapitalis moxmareba. saqoneli da momsaxureba kapitalaRWurviloba gansazRvraven ama Tu im saqmianobis
warmoebis procesSi SeiZleba iqnes gamoyenebuli an ekonomikur efeqturobas.
transformirebuli.
146 147

Sromis mwarmoebluroba (erT dasaqmebulze) = produqciis mewarmeobis statistikam unda aRweros ekonomikuri
gamoSveba / saqmianobiT dakavebuli subieqtebi da mogvces maTi saqmianobis
dasaqmebulTa raodenoba. statistikuri maCveneblebi.
kapitalis mwarmoebluroba = produqciis gamoSveba / ZiriTadi statistikis amocanebi samewarmeo saqmianobis ekonomikis,
kapitali. biznesisa da menejmentis sferoSi mdgomareobs samewarmeo
kapitalaRWurviloba = ZiriTadi kapitali / dasaqmebulTa saqmianobis moculobis, struqturis, dinamikisa da movlenebs
raodenoba. Soris korelaciur-regresiuli urTierTkavSiris SeswavlaSi.
ZiriTadi kapitali (fiqsirebuli aqtivebi) ganisazRvreba mewarmeoba, biznesi da menejmenti moicavs ekonomikuri
rogorc warmoebiTi aqtivebi, romlebic mravaljer an saqmianobis TiTqmis yvela sferos. saqarTvelos erovnuli
xangrZlivad (erT welze meti xnis ganmavlobaSi) gamoiyeneba klasifikatori, romelic saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli
warmoebis procesSi. samsaxuris mieraa SemuSavebuli, ekonomikuri saqmianobis
ZiriTadi kapitali moicavs ara mxolod mowyobilobebs, Semdeg ZiriTad seqciebs ganixilavs: saqmianobis saxeebis
manqanebs, nagebobebs, aramed rogorc zrdad aqtivebs, rogoricaa mixedviT, 2010 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT.
cxovelebi da mcenareebi, romlebic mravaljer da xangrZlivad
qmnian produqtebs (xili Tu rZis produqtebi); aseve
warmoebaSi gamoyenebul iseT aramaterialur aqtivebs,
rogoricaa programuli uzrunvelyofa da mxatvrul
nawarmoebTa originalebi.
dasaqmebulebad iTvlebian is pirebi, romlebic muSaoben
konkretul sawarmoSi (igulisxmeba momuSave mesakuTreebic,
regularulad momuSave partniorebic da saojaxo sawarmoTa
araanazRaurebadi muSakebic), agreTve is pirebi, romlebic
muSaoben am sawarmos gareT, magram miekuTvnebian mas da
Sesabamisad anazRaurebasac misgan iReben (e. i. savaWro
warmomadgenlebi, momwodeblebi, SekeTebis (saremonto) da
saeqsploatacio brigadebi).
erTiani saxelmwifo registri aris saqarTveloSi mTavari
kompleqsuri registri, romelic identifikaciis erTiani
principebis safuZvelze afiqsirebs qveynis teritoriaze
sazogadoebrivi an samewarmeo saqmianobiT dakavebul yvela
iuridiul da fizikur pirs da Seicavs reglamentirebul
cnobebs maT Sesaxeb. monacemebi ZiriTadad efuZvneba
adgilobrivi sagadasaxado samsaxurebis monacemebs.
148 149

ekonomikuri saqmianobis yvela saxis mewarmeoba da

საქმიანობის სახე სუბიექტების რაოდენობა Sesabamisi sawarmoebi SeiZleba dajgufdes kapitalis
kuTvnilebadobis niSniT. es niSani miuTiTebs Tu vis ekuTvnis
სულ 307628
mewarmeobis Sesabamisi sawarmoo erTeulis (sawarmos anu
სოფლის მეურნეობა, ნადირობა და სატყეო
3896
damoukidebeli meurne-subieqtis, romelic awarmoebs saqonels,
მეურნეობა momsaxurebas, asrulebs samuSaoebs, eweva sxvadasxva saxis
თევზჭერა, მეთევზეობა 173 ekonomikur saqmianobas) sawarmoo kapitali, qoneba, aqtivebi da
სამთომოპოვებითი მრეწველობა 569
Semosaval-gasavali. am niSniT gamoiyofa saxelmwifo,
municipaluri, koleqtiuri, kerZo da kerZo Sereuli
დამამუშავებელი მრეწველობა 15061
sawarmoebi.
ელექტროენერგიის, აირისა და წყლის წარმოება და
541
saxelmwifo sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalis 50 %-ze meti
განაწილება saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia, misi xelmZRvaneloba iniSneba
მშენებლობა 5761 saxelmwifo organoebis mier, dafinansebac biujeturi
saxsrebidan warmoebs da amitom maT zogjer saxazino
ვაჭრობა, ავტომობილების, საყოფაცხოვრებო
ნაწარმისა და პირადი მოხმარების საგნების 235397 sawarmoebsac uwodeben.
რემონტი municipaluri sawarmos (municipaliteti - germanuli
munizipaliacet - adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis sistemaSi
სასტუმროები და რესტორნები 4643
arCeviTi organo. municipalitets ufleba aqvs SemoiRos
ტრანსპორტი და კავშირგაბმულობა 7973 adgilobrivi gadasaxadebi da sakuTrebaSi iqonios kanoniT
საფინანსო შუამავლობა 1777 daSvebuli municipaluri qoneba; mTeli kapitali municipaluri
ოპერაციები უძრავი ქონებით, იჯარა და
sakuTrebaa.
8309 koleqtiuri sawarmos qoneba sxvadasxva pirTa
მომხმარებლისათვის მომსახურების გაწევა
koleqtiuri sakuTrebaa. koleqtiuri sawarmoebis tipuri
სახელმწიფო მმართველობა 1989
formebia saaqcio sazogadoeba, erToblivi sawarmoebi
განათლება 2545 (sxvadasxva qveynis firmebis erTiani, saerTo sawarmo, romelic
ჯანმრთელობის დაცვა და სოციალური Seqmnilia sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ganlagebul organizaciaTa
3328
მომსახურება ZalisxmeviT produqciis warmoebis, momsaxurebisa da
კომუნალური, სოციალური და პერსონალური realizaciis warmarTvis mizniT), korporaciebi, kooperativebi
15649
მომსახურების გაწევა da sxv.
სხვა 17

TiToeuli seqcia moicavs qveseqciebs, dargebsa da

qvedargebs.
150 151

kerZo piri aris ekonomikuri subieqti, romlis საკუთრების ფორმების მიხედვით

sawesdebo kapitalis 50 %-ze meti kerZo piris sakuTrebaSia,
sawarmoebis qoneba ekuTvnis erT an ramdenime kerZo pirs. misi
(2010 წლის 1 აპრილის მდგომარეობით)
nairsaxeobaa nebismieri individualuri sawarmo, romlebic
kerZo kapitaliT awarmoeben raime saxis Rirebulebas
საკუთრების ფორმა სუბიექტთა რაოდენობა
(produqcias an momsaxurebas, ewevian markentingul da sxva
saxis saqmianobas), kerZo, ojaxuri mewarmeoba da sxv. სულ 307628
kerZo Sereuli aris subieqti, romlis sawesdebo
კერძო პირები 287646
kapitalSi saqarTvelos moqalaqisa da ucxoeli kerZo piris
wilobrivi monawileobaa. კერძო პირი-საქართველოს მოქალაქე 282390
sabazro ekonomikaze gardamavalma, Seuqcevadma procesebma უცხოელი კერძო პირი 2777
mniSvnelovani biZgi misca mewarmeobis ganviTarebas კერძო შერეული 2479
saqarTveloSi. oficialuri statistikuri monacemebiT 2003-
2009 wlebSi mniSvnelovnad amaRlda samewarmeo saqmianoba. სახელმწიფო 7776
brunva gaizarda 5523.0 mln laridan 2003 wels, 16475,7 მუნიციპალიტეტი 1493
2238,6 mln laramde 2009 wels, anu gaizarda 198.3%-iT, საკუთრების სხვა ტიპი 10713
gamoSvebuli produqcia gaizarda 156.5 %-iT, dasaqmebulTa
saSualo Tviuri anazRaureba gaizarda 139,4 laridan 564.9
laramde, anu 305.2 %-iT.
152 153

ბიზნეს სექტორი gamokvlevebi. specialuri gamokvlevebidan farTod gamoiyeneba

SerCeviTi dakvirvebani.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
saqonelwarmoebis dargTa produqcia
ბრუნვა, მლნ.ლარი 5523.0 7248.4 10076.3 13090.3 17544.4 19650.7 16475.7

saqonelwarmoebis dargTa produqcia ewodeba TiToeuli

გამოშვებული
3492.6 4374.8 5838.3 7412.6 9645.4 10248.4 8960.1 dargis saqmianobis pirdapir da sasargeblo Sedegs.
პროდუქცია, მლნ.ლარი esaa mrewvelobaSi samrewvelo-sawarmoo saqmianobis
pirdapiri da sasargeblo Sedegi, soflis meurneobaSi -
დამატებული sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoo saqmianobis pirdapiri da
ღირებულება,
1773.3 2238.6 2796.8 3479.4 4541.8 5162.6 … sasargeblo Sedegi, mSeneblobaSi - saamSeneblo-sawarmoo
მლნ.ლარი saqmianobis pirdapiri da sasargeblo Sedegi. rogorc Cans
TiToeuli dargis produqcia xasiaTdeba sami ZiriTadi niSniT
შუალედური მოხმარება, da amitom sxva, ara am dargis profilis saqmianobis Sedegi ar
1719.3 2136.2 3041.5 3933.1 5103.7 5085.8 …
მლნ.ლარი
CaiTvleba mocemuli dargis produqciis saerTo moculobaSi.
magaliTad, nebismieri organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis
ფიქსირებული აქტივები, sawarmoSi mxolod samrewvelo-sawarmoo da ara sasoflo-
4364.8 4942.8 5415.1 6040.5 7935.9 9257.1 … sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegebi CaiTvleba mrewvelobis dargis
მლნ.ლარი
produqciad, agreTve, mxolod sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoo
saqmianobis Sedegebi CaiTvleba sasoflo-sameurneo poroduqciad
დასაქმებულთა
რაოდენობა, da a.S.
297795 322779 388946 360987 361209 349250 316553
TiToeuli dargis produqciaSi CaiTvleba, saqmianobis ara
კაცი arapirdapiri Sedegebi (narCenebi da sxv.), aramed pirdapiri
Sedegebi, agreTve ara wundebuli, anu arasasargeblo
დასაქმებულთა
produqcia, aramed mxolod vargisi produqcia. aqedan
საშუალო თვიური gamomdinare TiToeuli dargis produqciis saerTo moculoba
139.4 161.6 204.5 285.8 381.6 519.8 564.9
ganisazRvreba ara marto am dargSi, aramed sxva ara am dargis
შრომის ანაზღაურება,
ლარი
profilis sawarmoTa Sesabamisi Sedegebis SejamebiT. magaliTad,
mrewvelobis produqciis RirebulebaSi Seitaneba rogorc TviT
mrewvelobis, ise sxva dargebis, agreTve SinameurneobaTa
statistikuri informaciis mopovebis miznebisaTvis samrewvelo-sawarmoo saqmianobis pirdapiri da sasargeblo
saqarTveloSi tardeba mewarmeobis rogorc specialuri Sedegebi, soflis meurneobis produqciaSi - rogorc TviT
(erTjeradi, perioduli), ise mimdinare (yovelwliuri) soflis meurneobaSi, aseve, ara sasoflo-sameurneo dargebSi
154 155

ganxorcielebuli sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoo saqmianobis gamocdilebis gaziarebis miznebisaTvis sayuradReboa

pirdapiri da sasargeblo Sedegebi da a.S. evrokavSiris qveynebis praqtika. am qveynebSi soflis meurneobis
samrewvelo produqciis SemadgenlobaSi aRiricxeba: produqciis moculobas angariSoben e.w. ,,erovnuli fermis~
1. realizebuli produqciis Rirebuleba; meTodiT. am meTodiT qveynis soflis meurneoba ganixileba
2. Tavisi ZiriTadi kapitalis kapitaluri remonti da rogorc erTiani erovnuli ferma da amitom misi produqciis
arasamrewvelo dawesebulebaTaTvis (magaliTad, sabavSvo baga- Rirebulebiadan unda gamoiTiSos produqciis fermebs Sorisa
baRebisaTvis, dasasvenebeli saxlebisaTvis) gadacemuli da fermis Sida urTierTmiwodebani. aqedan gamomdinare soflis
samrewvelo saqoneli; meurneobis produqciaSi unda aRiricxos:
3. Tavisi muSa-mosamsaxureebisaTvis Sromis 1. savaWro organizaciebisadmi soflis meurneobis mza
asanazRaureblad gadacemuli produqciis Rirebuleba; produqciis miwodebani saboloo moxmarebisaTvis
4. sxva sawarmoebisaTvis humanitaruli daxmarebisaTvis mosaxleobisaTvis misasyidad;
gadacemuli produqciis Rirebuleba; 2. sasoflo-sameurneo nedleulis miwodebani samrewvelo
5. daumTavrebeli warmoebis, agreTve, mza produqciis sawarmoebisaTvis gadasamuSaveblad;
naSTebis sxvaoba (mateba+, kleba-). 3. miwodebani eqsportSi;
imisaTvis, rom SevadaroT samrewvelo produqciis 4. fermebis mier saboloo moxmarebani;
moculoba danaxarjebs da gavigoT mogeba-zarali, yvela saxis 5. daumTavrebeli warmoebisa da mza produqciis naSTebis
zemoTCamoTvlili produqciis saxeobani (maT Soris samrewvelo cvlilebani (zrda+, kleba-).
xasiaTis samuSaoebi) aRiricxeba moqmed mimdinare fasebSi. amis soflis meurneobis damatebuli Rirebulebis
garda, produqciis fizikuri moculobis dinamikis dasadgenad, gasaangariSeblad evropis rig qveynebSi gamoiyeneba Semdegi
gamoiyeneba, agreTve, ucvleli anu Sesadari fasebic. saxis sabalanso gaangariSeba: ??
dasavleTis zogierT qveyanaSi, samrewvelo produqciis TiToeuli maCveneblis gasaangariSeblad dgeba
saerTo moculoba, mxolod damatebuli RirebulebiT ekonomikuri angariSebi, romlebic xasiaTdeba sabalanso
ganisazRvreba, rac qveyanaSi iZleva iseTi makroekonomikuri principiT da sabolood gamoiyeneba qveynis masStabiT soflis
maCveneblis gaangariSebis saSualebas, rogoricaa mTliani Sida meurneobis produqciis moculobis dadgenis miznebisaTvis.
produqti. mSeneblobis produqciad iTvleba Senobebisa da
soflis meurneobis produqciis RirebulebaSi aRiricxeba nagebobebis, agreTve, individualuri saxlebis mSeneblobis iseT
memcenareobisa da mecxoveleobis mza produqtebis Rirebuleba, samuSaoTa Rirebuleba, rogoricaa samSeneblo-samontaJo,
agreTve, daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTebis mateba an kleba. es geologiur-saZiebo, saproeqto-saZiebo, miwis sairigacio-
ukanaskneli gaiangariSeba am wlisa da momavali wlis samelioracio samuSaoebi, agreTve, Senobebisa da nagebobebis
mosavlianobis misaRebad gaweuli samuSaoebis RirebulebaTa mimdinare da kapitaluri remonti, individualuri binebis
sxvaobiT memcenareobaSi, xolo mecxoveleobaSi suladobis mSenebloba da sxv.
mixedviT. transportis dargis produqciad iTvleba yvela saxis
rogorc statistikosebi ityobinebia, soflis meurneobis transportis (saavtomobilo, sarkinigzo, sahaero, sazRvao-
produqciis moculobis gaangariSebis mowinave meTodologiuri samdinaro, samilgayvano da sxv.) mier tvirTis gadazidvisa da
156 157

mgzavrebis gadayvaniT miRebuli Semosavlebi, agreTve, sagzao anazRaurebadi da araanazRaurebadi, sabazro da arasabazro da
meurneobaSi gzebis mimdinare da kapitaluri remontis sxva.
samuSaoTa Rirebuleba. materialur momsaxurebas ganekuTvneba manqanebis
vaWrobis produqciis RirebulebaSi aisaxeba rogorc SekeTebani, individualuri samkervalo mewarmeoba, samedicino
saSinao, ise sagareo bazrobebis saqonlis yidva-gayidviT momsaxureba, samrecxaoebi, qimwmenda da sxva, xolo
miRebuli Semosavlebi. es Semosavlebi warmoiqmneba saqonlis aramaterialurs - iuridiuli konsultaciebi, saaudito,
Sesasyid da gasayid fasTa Soris sxvaobiT anu savaWro saganmanaTleblo da sxva saxis momsaxurebani.
daTmobiT da sxva araferia Tu ara mimoqcevis xarjebisa da rogorc materialuri ise aramaterialuri momsaxurebani
savaWro mogebis jami. SeiZleba iyos sawarmoo da arasawarmoo (piradi,
samomxmareblo) momsaxureba. sawarmoo momsaxureba, magaliTad,
momsaxurebis sferos statistika sawarmoTa ZiriTadi kapitalis mimdinare, saSualo da
kapitaluri remonti, xolo samomxmarebloa ganaTleba, radio
mewarmeoba, biznesi da menejmenti Zalian farTodaa da tele momsaxureba da a.S.
fexmokidebuli momsaxurebis bazarze. ra aris momsaxureba? saerTaSoriso statistikuri praqtika da gaerTianebuli
momsaxureba (inglisuri sityva servise-ganaa warmoSobili) erebis organizaciis rekomendaciebiT sabazro anu
SromiTi saqmianobis iseTi sferoa, romlis drosac ar iqmneba (anazRaurebadi) momsaxurebas iseTi saxis momsaxurebas
nivTobrivi produqti, aramed warmoiqmneba raime sasargeblo miakuTvneben, romlebic finansirdeba biujetidan an
efeqti, riTac kmayofildeba adamianis esa Tu is moTxovnileba. sazogadoebrivi da politikuri organizaciebis mier.
momsaxureba Tanamedrove msoflio statistikis Teoriasa rogorc sabazro, ise arasabazro momsaxurebis
da praqtikaSi miCneulia sawarmoo sferod, romlis statistikuri saerTaSoriso klasifikaciebis mixedviT SeiZleba
ganviTarebis did perspeqtivebze isic metyvelebs, rom amerikis gamovyoT Semdegi saxis segmentebi:
SeerTebuli Statebis mTlian Sida produqtSi mas uWiravs sayofacxovrebo, satransporto, kavSirgabmulobis,
75%, inglisSi 64% da a.S. sabinao-komunaluri, kulturuli, turistul-saeqskursio,
fizkulturisa da sportis, samedicino, veterinaluri,
sanitarul-ganmajansaRebeli, samarTlebrivi xasiaTis, sabanko-
momsaxurebis saxeebi safinanso, saganmanaTleblo, savaWro da sxva saxis
momsaxurebani.
momsaxureba sxvadasxva saxisaa. Tanamedrove pirobebSi TiToeuli saxis momsaxureba xasiaTdeba sxvadasxva
momsaxurebis Zveli, tradiciuli dargebis (satransporto, servisiT magaliTad, sabinao-komunaluri momsaxurebis ekonomika
safinanso, samedicino, sayofacxovrebo, kavSirgabmulobis, da biznesi moicavs daqiravebuli da saarendo sacxovrebliT,
savaWro, religiuri, saeklesio da sxv.) gverdiT swrafad Senobebisa da mowyobilobis mimdinare, saSualo, agreTve,
viTardeba axali (sainformacio, kompiuteruli, samecniero, kapitaluri SekeTebis, eleqtroenergiiT, gaziT, wyliT,
sabirJo da sxv.) dargebi. momsaxureba SeiZleba iyos gaTbobiT, sakanalizacio, satelefono, radiosa da teleqseliT
materialuri da aramaterialuri, sawarmoo da samomxmareblo,
158 159

momsaxurebis, agreTve, sanitaruli dasufTavebis biznes- anazRaurebadia xelfasis gadaricxvebi, seifebis arendiT
servisiT uzrunvelyofas. momsaxureba, Zvirfas faseulobaTa Senaxva, valutis gacvla,
turistul-saeqskursio biznesSi Sedis turistTa angariSebis gaxsna da warmoeba, sadazRvevo momsaxureba da sxv.
ganTavsebis, kvebis, satransporto, sayofacxovrebo, araanazRaurebadia sadepozito angariSebis gaxsna, warmoeba da
saeqskursio, kulturul-masobrivi sportuli, gamajansaRebeli sxv.
da sxva servisuli biznes-momsaxureba. am servisul saaudito momsaxurebis biznes-servisma didi gavrceleba
momsaxurebaTa Sesabamisad evrosabWos qveynebSi moqmedebs hpova sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi. auditi (laTinuri sityva
turistul momsaxurebaTa statistikuri klasifikacia. maT audio-msmeneli, Zvel sasuliero saswavleblebSi mowinave,
Sorisaa: sastumroebiT momsaxureba, kvebiT momsaxureba, maRali akademiuri moswrebis moswavleebs andobdnen sxva
sasmelebis gayidviT momsaxureba, sasadilo da binaze mza moswavleebis gamocdas. isini usmendnen maT da Rebulobdnen
sakvebis mitaniT momsaxureba, turistul momsaxurebaTa biuros informacias Tu rogor aiTvises ganvlili saswavlo masala da
mier momsaxureba, kulturis, religiis da organizebuli Seasrules saTanado davalebani. saWiro SemTxvevaSi aseTi
dasvenebis sferoSi administraciuli momsaxureba da sxv. mowinave mowafeebi konsultaciebsac utarebdnen CamorCenil
satransporto-kavSirgabmulobis biznes-servisi moicavs moswavleebs) aris mewarmis, biznesmenis safinanso
yvela saxis satransporto-kavSirgabmulobis transportis angariSgebianobis damoukidebeli eqspertiza sameurneo-safinanso
(sarkinigzo, saavtomobilo, samilgayvano, sazRvao, samdinaro, operaciebis moqmedi kanonmdeblobisadmi, agreTve, sabuRaltro
sahaero gadayvanis da satvirTo gadazidvebis, agreTve, aRricxvianobis sisrulisa da sizustisadmi Sesabamisobis
kavSirgabmulobis) momsaxurebis serviss. am dargis produqcia Sesaxeb. auditi SeiZleba iyos gare (rodesac auditorul
gaizomeba mgzavr-kilometrobiT da tona-kilometrobiT. mewarmeobas, sawarmoebisa da organizaciebis winaswari dakveTis
gamoiyeneba momsaxurebis tarifebi (fuladi anazRaurebis safuZvelze, anxorcielebs gare auditoruli forma, kompania)
ganakveTi satransporto momsaxurebis erTeulisaTvis) an da Sida (rodesac auditorul eqspertizas anxorcielebs TviT
fraxtebi (wylis transportiT gadaziduli tvirTis erTeulis organizaciis, firmis, kompaniis specialuri funqcionaluri
anazRaureba). ganyofileba, biuro, samsaxuri, romlebic administraciulad
kulturisa da sportis samomsaxureo biznes-servisSi emorCilebian mocemuli dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelobas).
Sedis Teatrebis, kinoTeatrebis, filarmoniebis, muzeumebis, saaudito biznes-servisi moicavs sawarmos finansuri
biblioTekebis, samkiTxveloebis, klubebis, kulturis saxlebis, mdgomareobis gacnobas, gasinjvas, Sedarebas moqmedi
sportuli sanaxaobebis, fizkulturisa da sportul- kanonmdeblobisadmi, daskvnas da rekomendaciebs.
gamajansaRebeli organizaciebis samomsaxureo servisi. momsaxurebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi
sasamarTlo momsaxurebis biznes-servisi moicavs statistikuri maCveneblebi qveyanaSi da mis calkeul
sanotaro, saadvokato, sadamcvelo firmebis samosamsaxureo regionebSi ganisazRvreba momsaxurebis bazris socialur-
serviss. ekonomikuri potencialis (SromiTi, finansuri da materialuri
sabanko-safinanso biznes-servisSi Sedis rogorc resursebis moculoba, maTi xarisxi da balansireba),
anazRaurebadi, ise araanazRaurebadi operaciebi. moTxovnisa da miwodebis mdgomareobis (moTxovna, miwodeba,
maTi urTierTSefardeba, tevadoba da momsaxurebiT
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uzrunvelyofa), realizaciis (moculoba, struqtura, dinamika unda movixsenioT bazarTa sxvadasxva saxeobani. maT Soris:
rogorc mTlianad aseve mosaxleobis erT sulze saqonlisa da momsaxurebis bazari, investiciebis bazari, Sromis
gaangariSebiT), fasebisa da tarifebis (fasebisa da tarifebis bazari, fasiani qaRaldebis bazari da sxva. isini mWidro
done, struqtura, fasebisa da tarifebis msyidvelobiTi urTierTkavSirSi arian da erTmaneTs ganapirobeben. maTi
unarianobis indeqsebi), infrastruqturis (momsaxurebis ganviTarebis zogadi kanonzomierebani moTxovna-miwodebis
sawarmoTa ricxvi, maTi struqtura, sawarmoo simZlavre, TvalsazrisiT daaxloebiT erTnairia. amitom aq da SemdgomSic
teqnikuri aRWurviloba, satransporto, kavSirgabmulobisa da ganixileba mxolod saqonlisa da momsaxurebis bazris
da sxva saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa), momsaxurebis gawevis statistika, romelic ganapirobebs sxva saxis bazrebis
ekonomikuri Sedegebis maCveneblebis (realizaciidan amonagebi statistikur maCvenebelTa sistemasac.
anu saoperacio Semosavlebi, mogeba, damatebuli Rirebulebis bazari aris Tavisufali partniorebis, gamyidvelebisa da
gadasaxadi) da efeqturobis (mogeba, resursebis mimarT, myidvelebis yidva-gayidvis urTierTobaTa sistema, rasac
danaxarjebis mimarT, rentabeloba da sxv.) da sxva saxis ZiriTadad gansazRvravs moTxovna-miwodebis raodenobrivi
indikatorebi. Tanafardobani. sabazro statistikam unda Seiswavlos bazris
tevadoba anu moTxovna-miwodebis moculobani, moTxovna-
miwodebis struqtura, dinamika qronologiuri TariRe;bis
marketingis statistika mixedviT da sxva movlenebTan korelaciur-statistikuri
urTierTkavSiri.
sityva marketingi warmoSobilia inglisuri sityva sabazwro statistikis Seswavlis obieqtia bazari, anu
market-isagan da bazars, gasaRebas niSnavs. amitom marketingi sabazro-ekonomikuri movlenebi da procesebi, xolo sagani - am
yovelgvari komerciuli saqmianobis nebismier etapze (warmoeba, movlenebisa da procesebis raodenobrivi mxare Tvisebriv
gacvla, moxmareba) gamoiyeneba da xorcieldeba saqonlisa da mxaresTan mWidro kavSirSi konkretul drosa da sivrceSi.
momsaxurebis gasaRebis, gacvlis ganviTarebis, daCqarebis, winamdebare naSromSi sabazro statistikaSi ganixileba bazris
moTxovnilebis ukeT dakmayofilebisa da saboloo jamSi koniuqturis marketinguli gamokvlevis da sasaqonlo birJis
mogebis miRebis stimulirebisaTvis. marketinguli servisi statistika.
moicavs bazrebis analizs, moTxovna-miwoebis gansazRvras, sityva koniuqtura warmoSobilia laTinuri sityva
bazrebis segmentirebas, fasebis politikas, strategias, conjungo-sagan, rac niSnavs SeerTebas. bazris koniuqtura aris
reklamas da sxv. bazarze arsebuli situacia, romelsac gansazRvravs moTxovna-
bazari sazogadoebis ganviTarebis adreuli miwodebis urTierTSefardebani, maTi ganviTarebis tendenciebi,
safexurebidanve, saqonelwarmoebis ganviTarebasTan erTad, konkretuli brZolis masStabebi, Zala, komerciuli riskis
yovelTvis warmoadgenda adamianTa urTierTobis erTerT done da sxva faqtorebi. maSasadame, koniuqtura am faqtorTa
mniSvnelovan sferos. bazarze upirispirdeboda erTmaneTs urTierTzemoqmedebis SeerTebis saerTo Zalis ganmsazRvreli
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis moTxovna-miwodeba. magram bazris fenomenia, rac erTob saWiroa sabazro ekonomikis marTvisa da
Seswavla rogorc ekonomikurad ise statistikurad regulirebisaTvis. konuqturis Seswavla aucilebeli pirobaa
gansakuTrebul rols sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi iZens. aq marketingisa da komerciuli saqmianobis warmarTvisaTvis,
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agreTve, socialur-ekonomikuri, sagadasaxado da sakanonmdeblo sistematuri xasiaTis masala zogjer ver axasiaTebs
politikis gasatareblad bazris saxelmwifo regulirebis CvenTvis saintereso yvela sakiTxs da ar iZleva koniuqturis
mizniT. prognozirebis saSualebas. es ki aucilebelia sabazro
bazris koniuqtura xasiaTdeba variaciiT, ciklurobiT, ekonomikis marTvisa da organizaciis aqtualuri sakiTxebis
sezonurobiTa da dinamiurobiT. koniuqturis variacias anu gadawyvetisaTvis. amitom saWiro informaciis misaRebad
cvalebadobas gansazRvravs rogorc mudmivad moqmedi ise periodulad awarmoeben bazarze momuSave muSakebis, warmoebis
SemTxveviTi xasiaTis faqtorebi, maT Soris SeiZleba iyos dargTa specialistebis, agreTve, mecnier-eqspertebis
socialur-ekonomikuri, bunebriv-klimaturi, demografiuli, gamokiTxvas. gamokiTxva warmoebs rogorc anketis meSveobiT,
sazogadoebriv-politikuri, organizaciuli da sxva saxis ise intervius saxiT, specialurad Sedgenil kiTxvarebze
faqtorebi. pasuxebis gacemis gziT.
koniuqturis ciklurobas ganapirobebs moTxovnis mTavari maCveneblebi, romlebic erTmaneTs upirispirdeba
(bazarze wayenebuli moTxovnileba, romelsac gansazRvravs bazarze da gansazRvravs koniuqturas aris moTxovna da
adamianTa fuladi Semosavlebi da aqedan gamomdinare miwodeba. momxmarebelTa survili sawonelsa da momsaxurebaze
msyidvelobiTi unarianoba) an miwodebis Semcireba an gadideba, gansazRvravs moTxovnilebas, xolo moTxovnileba fuladi
Semdeg stabilizacia da isev gadideba an Semcireba. sezonur resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT ayalibebs bazarze moTxovnas.
cvalebadobas gansazRvravs saqonlis damzadebis sezonuroba an miwodebas warmoqmnis warmoebisa da momsaxurebis sferos
sxva msgavsi faqtori. ganviTareba. moTxovnisa da mowodebis urTierTSefardebiT
bazari cvalebadia droSi, misi sazRvrebi diddeba an yalibdeba bazarze saqonlisa da momsaxurebis gansazRvruli,
mcirdeba qronologiuri TariRebis mixedviT. aqedan gamomdinare gamawonasworebeli fasebi, romelTa meSveobiT xdeba
koniuqturis statistikam unda Seiswavlos moTxovna-miwodebis konkretuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Sesyidva da
Tanafardobani, koniuqturis cikluroba, sezonuroba, dinamika, momxmarebelTa dakmayofileba. moTxovna SeiZleba iyos
konkurenciuli brZolis, komerciuli riskis, agreTve, bazris potencialuri an daxuruli (yalibdeba saqonlisa da
monopolizaciis xarisxi, bazris regionaluri gansxvavebani, momsaxurebis bazarze gamosasvlelad momzadebis stadiaSi),
koniuqturis saprognozo parametrebi da sxva. Camoyalibebuli (formirdeba moTxovna-miwodebis
bazarze arsebuli situaciis daxasiaTeba da urTierTSefardebiT), alternatiuli (yalibdeba momxmareblis
prognozirebisaTvis gamoiyeneba rogorc sistematuri ise mier sxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenis survilis
perioduli informaciuli masala. sistematuri xasiaTis gamomJRavnebisas), spontanuri (gamomJRavneba uecrad
masalas iZleva e.w. sasignalo informaciebi, romlebic dRiuri, momxmareblis mier bazarze misTvis sasurveli saqonlis an
dekaduri, Tviuri da sxva qronologiuri TariRebis mixedviT momsaxurebis saxeobis aRmoCenisas), gadadebuli (rodesac
moedineba qvemdgomi (samrewvelo, savaWro, samarketingo da sxv.) myidveli fuls TandaTanobiT agrovebs ama Tu im
rgolebidan. es informacia exeba warmoebis, saqonelbrunvisa da moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad), daukmayofilebeli
sasaqonlo maragebis moculobas, fasebs, finansebs, socialur- (rodesac bazarze myidveli ver poulobs Sesabamis saqonels)
demografiul sakiTxebs da sxva saxis masalas. da sxva. TavisTavad moTxovna-miwodebis maCveneblebi SeiZleba
164 165

iyos moTxovnisa da miwodebis moculoba, struqtura, Semcireba. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs dabali
elastiuroba, dinamika da sxva. koniuqturis SemTxvevasTan bazarze.
koniuqturis maCveneblebs miekuTvneba, agreTve, dabali koniuqturis Sesacvlelad saWiroa Sesabamis
proporciuloba (moTxovnisa da miwodebis urTierTSefardeba), marketingul RonisZiebaTa gatareba. TiToeuli marketinguli
bazris struqtura (saqonelbrunvis, gamyidvelebisa da gadawyvetileba garkveuli riskis tolfasia, ris gamo pirvel
myidvelebis, agreTve, regionaluri Wrilisa da sxva rigSi unda Sefasdes riski. riskis Sefaseba damokidebulia misi
maCveneblebis mixedviT), komerciuli riski (sainvesticio riski, saxeobisagan: dabandebuli kapitalis nawilobrivi an mTlianad
marketingul gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis riski da sxv.), dakargvis, gakotrebis, kreditis dakargvis, inflaciis,
koniuqturis cvalebadoba (variaciis maCveneblebi), saqmiani konkurentis mier bazridan gamodevnis da sxva saxeobis riski.
aqtiuroba (dakveTebis portfeli, garigebaTa raodenoba da riskis Sefasebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli meTodia saeqsporto
dinamika da a.S.). es maCveneblebi gansazRvravs bazarze meTodi, rac TavisTavad eyrdnoba koniuqturis Sefasebis
situacias da amiT iZleva Sesabamis marketingul mdidar statistikur masalas.
gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis saSualebas. sabazro statistikis Seswavlis erTerTi mniSvnelovani
sabazro situaciis koniuqturuli Sefasebani warmoebs sakiTxia moTxovnisa da miwodebis elastiurobis anu
xarisxobrivi da atributuli, agreTve, raodenobrivi cvalebadobis raodenobrivi Seswavla. am cvalebadobas
maCveneblebiT. bazarze situacia an keTilmyofeli anu maRali raodenobrivad gamosaxaven elastiurobis koeficientiT.
koniuqturis an kidev arakeTilmyofeli anu dabali konuqturis elsatiurobis koeficienti zogadad gviCvenebs saSedego
SeiZleba iyos. maRali koniuqturuli situaciis niSnebia: faqtoris procentul cvalebadobas faqtoruli niSnis erTi
balansirebuli moTxovna-miwodeba, gawonasworebuli fasebi, procentis cvalebadobisas..
stabiluri an mzardi realizacia da a.S. dabali koniuqturis Tu elastiurobis koeficienti erTze metia, maSin saqme
niSnebia: bazris disproporcia, moTxovnis mkveTri Semcireba, gvaqvs pirdapir kavSirTan da Tanac ultra anu Zlier
saqonlis deficiti, fasebis cvalebadoba, maragebis elastiurobasTan. aseTi kavSiri SeiZleba gamovlindes
gaumarTlebeli zrda da a.S. moTxovnisa da fuladi Semosavlebis urTierTkavSiris analizis
xSirad situacias bazarze axasiaTebs sami saxis pirobebSi. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu erTis toli an erTze naklebia
indikatori: saqonelbrunvis, fasebisa da maragebis indeqsebi. am elastiurobis koeficienti, maSin saqme gvaqvs mcire anu infra
indikatorebis cvlilebas ganixilaven qronologiuri TariRebis elastiurobasTan (unitaruli moTxovna).
dinamikaSi. cnobili dinamikuri mwkrivebis damuSavebis Tu faqtoruli niSnis gadidebisas moTxovna mcirdeba
analizuri xerxebis gamoyenebiT daadgenen indikatorebis (magaliTad, fasebis cvalebadobasTan urTierTkavSirSi), maSin
ganviTarebis tendenciebs. aq rogorc cnobilia, SeiZleba saqme gvaqvs Sebrunebul anu ukukavSirTan. me-19 saukunis 80-ian
gvqondes sami SemTxveva: indikatoris zrdis tendencia, klebis wlebSi germanelma ekonomistma da sociologma e. engelma
tendencia an stabiluri mdgomareoba. Cvens magaliTze anu daadgina, rom ojaxis Semosavlebis zrdasTan erTad mcirdeba
motanili sami indikatoris gamoyenebiT maRali koniuqturis kvebis produqtebze danaxarjebis xvedriTi wili (da ara
maCveneblebia saqonelbrunvis gadideba, fasebisa da maragebis absoluturad) da diddeba fufunebis sagnebze danaxarjebis
xvedriTi wili. es kanoni atarebs engelis kanonis
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saxelwodebas da farTod gamoiyeneba mosaxleobis saojaxo metad arasasurveli movlenebi. amitom, Tavidanve, mowinave
biujetur gamokvlevebSi. maRalganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi,
bazarze moTxovnis elastiurobis ufro dawvrilebiTi mecnierebis winaSe daiasaxa sabazro procesebis ganviTarebis,
daxasiaTebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqonelisa da prognozirebisa da regulirebis gadaudebeli amocanebi. am
momsaxurebis urTierTSemcvlelobis faqtorTa gaTvaliswinebas. amocanebis gadawyvetas emsaxureba sabazro ekonomikis Tanmdevi
fasebis gadidebisas moTxovna ufro metad mcirdeba maRali mecnieruli codnis dargi - marketingi. marketingi nebismieri
xarisxisa da metad ZviradRirebul saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze. moTxovna-miwodebis Seswavlis gziT miznad isaxavs bazris
magaliTad, purze fasebis momatebisas Tavs iCens jifenis marTvisa da regulirebis sistemis SemuSavebas, xolo
paradoqsi: rac ufro Zvirdeba puri, miT metad yidulobs mas marketinguli gamokvleva, rogorc misi erTerTi Semadgenli
momxmarebeli. magram puris moxmarebis struqturaSi mcirdeba nawili - bazris ganviTarebis winaswarSecnobas da am
maRali xarisxisa da ZviradRirebuli puris moxmareba da safuZvelze prognozirebas gulisxmobs.
diddeba dabali xarisxis da SedarebiT naklebfasiani puris marketinguli gamokvlevis ZiriTadi etapebia sakiTxis
moxmareba. aq gamovlindeba nivTis sargeblianobis xarisxi: ekonomikuri dasma, informaciis mopoveba, informaciis
maRali xarisxis saqonlis SedarebiT naklebi raodenobaa damuSaveba da analizi, prognozireba da rekomendaciebis
saWiro adamianis moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad da amitom SemuSaveba. sakiTxis ekonomikuri dasma bazris marTvisa da
misi Semcvleli xarisxis saqonlis meti masa esaWiroeba regulirebis amocanebis gansazRvras gulisxmobs, rasac unda
momxmarebels ama Tu im saWiroebisaTvis. mohyves marketinguli informaciis - cifrebis, faqtebis,
bazarze moTxovnis Seswavlisas vlindeba, agreTve, cnobebisa da sxva saanalizo da saprognozo monacemebis
veblenis paradoqsi, rac imaSi mdgomareobs, rom fufunebis Segroveba. rogorc Cans marketinguli gamokvlevis yvela etapze
sagnebs momxmareblebi iZenen ara imdenad maTi samomxmareblo statistikas, rogorc socialur-ekonomikuri Semecnebis mZlavr
TvisebebisaTvis, ramdenadac socialuri daniSnulebisaTvis iaraRs, gansakuTrebuli roli da niSvneloba eniWeba. mis
(prestiJuloba, moda da a.S.). amitom zogjer jifenis amocanebSia: bazarze moTxovna-miwodebis, konkurenciuli
paradoqss ewodeba - siRaribis efeqti, xolo vebleris brZolisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb utyuari, saimedo, mecnieruli
paradoqss - simdidris. informaciis Segroveba, informaciis damuSaveba da analizi.
elastiurobis zemoTmotanili Teoriuli koeficientis Sesabamisi mecnieruli, statistikuri meTodebiT,
formuliT SeiZleba davadginoT moxmarebis mgrZnobianobis konkurenciuli brZolis, agreTve bazris ganviTarebis
xarisxi maszed moqmedi romelime faqtoris cvalebadobis parametrebis mecnieruli winaswarxedva da Sesabamisi
mimarT mosaxleobis calkeuli jgufebis mixedviT. aseTi sarekomendacio prognozebis SemuSaveba.
jgufebi SeiZleba gamoiyos ojaxis erT sulze Semosavlis sabazro procesebis regulirebisaTvis saWiro cifrebi,
mixedviT. magaliTad, ojaxis raodenoba, romelTagan TiToeul faqtebi, monacemebi unda Segrovdes saqonlisa da momsaxurebis,
ojaxis wevrs TveSi aqvs Semosavali 50-dan 100-laramde da a.S. miwodebis, moTxovnis, realizaciis, fasebis, konkurenciis
bazari Tavisi bunebiT stiqiuri xasiaTisaa, rasac Sesaxeb. am informaciis matarebeli anu wyaroebia momxmareblebi
zogjer kapitalis koncentraciisa da saqonlis masis gadidebis (individualuri, koleqtiuri), mosaxleoba, firmebi, sawarmoebi,
kvalobaze Tan sdevs stagnaciisa da sazogadoebisaTvis sxva, organizaciebi da dawesebulebebi. am monacemebis mopovebisaTvis
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SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas marketinguli samsaxurebi da misi paneli moicavs 60,0 aTas SerCeviT ojaxs, romlebsac evalebaT
calkeuli qveganyofilebani an kidev komerciul sawyisebze sistematurad miawodon informacia statistikis organoebs
Seqmnili specialuri marketinguli firmebi. es ukanasknelni sakuTar biujetze (wliur Semosavlebsa da gasavlebze) da
valdebulni arian saTanado anazRaurebiT moipovon yvela im sakiTxze, rasac moicavs programa. gamoiyeneba, agreTve,
marketinguli informacia, gadaamuSaon, gaukeTon mas saTanado savaWro korespondentebi, romlebic ganlagebulni arian
mecnieruli analizi da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebi warudginon sayrden punqtebSi da sistematurad awvdian bazris Sesaxeb
damkveTs maTi qcevisa da momavalSi gasatarebel marketingul informacias savaWro firmebs.
gadawyvetilebaTa Sesaxeb. mowinave qveynebSi (magaliTad, marketinguli informaciis mopovebisa da SegrovebisaTvis
safrangeTSi da sxv.) saqonlis momxmareblebsa da mwarmoeblebs farTod gamoiyeneba gamokiTxvebi, romlebic SeiZleba iyos
Soris informaciis urTierTgacvla gaTvaliswinebulia zepiri da werilobiTi. gamokiTxvis obieqtia individualuri
Sesabamisi kontraqtebiTa da sakanonmdeblo aqtebiT. am momxmareblebi an msxvili savaWro firmebi. xSirad gamosakiTx
SemTxvevaSi mwarmoebeli Tavis Tavze iRebs, miawodos pirs (respodents) saubars utareben teqstirebis anu
momxmareblebs informacia produqciis warmoebisa da urTierTgamomricxav kiTxvebze pasuxebis lmixedviT.
moxmarebis, agreTve, sakuTari informacia bazris Sesaxeb gamokiTxvisaTvis xSirad iyeneben anketebs, romlebic moicavs
(bazris tevadoba mTlianad calkeuli segmentebis mixedviT, gamokiTxvis miznebsa da amocanebs, respodentis anu
momxmareblis anketirebis monacemebi, bazris koniuqturuli gamosakiTxavi piris Sesaxeb saWiro cnobebs, saprogramo
Sefasebani), demografiuli maxasiaTeblebi, monacemebi kiTxvarebis CamonaTvals bazris Sesaxeb, romlebsac unda gaeces
konkurent-mwarmoebelTa da maTi qmedebis Sesaxeb, sruli pasuxebi da a.S.
informacia SeTavazebul saqonelze (serTifikaciisa da gamokiTxvis erTerTi gavrcelebuli saxeobaa saeqsperto
testirebis monacemebi, konkurentunarianoba da a.S.). gamokvleva, romelSic monawileobs kvalificiuri, didi
momxmareblebi, Tavis mxriv, valdebulni arian miawodon codnisa da gamocdilebis mqone specialistebi. maTi pasuxebis
mwarmoeblebs informacia sacalo momxmareblebis (klienturis), ganzogadeba iZleva bazris marTvisa da regulirebis metad
materialur-teqnikuri bazis (sasawyobo meurneobis, saWiro da saimedo, sarekomendacio masalas. am saqmeSi did
satransporto qselis da sxv.), momxmarebelTa Sexedulebebis, gamoyenebas poulobs saeqsperto SefasebaTa delfis meTodi,
qcevis, reklamis, efeqturobis, adgilobrivi bazris tevadobisa tvinis Setevis meTodi da sxva, romlebsac warmatebiT iyeneben
da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. xSirad araoficialuri monacemebis bazris ganviTarebis prognozirebis saqmeSi.
mosapoveblad ganviTarebuli sabazro ekonomikis qveynebSi mopovebuli informaciis damuSavebis, dajgufebis,
mimarTaven e.w. marketinguli dazvervis gamoyenebas, rac Tavmoyrisa da saanalizo maCveneblebis gaangariSebis Sedegad
uzrunvelyofs konfidencialuri da naxevrad konfidencialuri iqmneba sami marketinguli banki: informaciis banki, romelic
informaciis mopovebas da gadamuSavebas. formdeba cxrilebis, disketebis, magnituri lentebisa da
msxvil marketingul firmebsa da samecniero-kvleviT sxvaTa saxiT, rac warmoadgens sistematizebuli informaciis
organizaciebs, agreTve, saxelmwifo statistikis organoebs Senaxvisa da gamoyenebis saSualebas: statistikuri banki -
gaaCniaT SerCeviTi dakvirvebis gziT miRebuli informaciis monacemebis Tavmoyrisa da dajgufebis, agreTve analizis
saSualebani (panelebi). magaliTad, saxelmwifo statistikis statistikuri meTodebis erToblioba; modelebis banki -
170 171

marketinguli modelebis erToblioba, romlebic iZleva momsaxurebis gadidebas, axali saqonlis warmoebasa da bazarze
optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miRebis saSualebas. es masalebi gatanas, mogebis gadidebas da sxv.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas bazris savaWro firmis strategia bazarze SeiZleba iyos
regulirebisa da marTvis saqmeSi. SeteviTi, TavdacviTi da ukandaxeviTi. strategia ganisazRvreba
marketinguli gamokvleva farTo speqtris praqtikuli da bazarze Zlieri, TavdacviTi - saSualo, xolo ukandaxeviTi -
samecniero xasiaTis samuSaoebs moicavs. amitom mis safuZvlad araxelsayreli, susti poziciebiT. amasTan savaWro firmis
gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva saxis mecnieruli gamokvlevani pozicias gansazRvravs ori jgufis faqtorebi: sabazro da
rogorc raodenobrivi, formaluri (avtorebi: f. kotleri, d. sakuTar SesaZleblobaTa faqtori: bazris situacia da sakuTar
koksi, r. bazeli, f. bikekeri, p. maslovi da sxv.), ise SesaZleblobaTa faqtorebi. bazris situacias gansazRvravs
araformaluri (avtori k. simmondsi da sxv.) analizis saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saerTo moculobis zrdis teompebi,
meTodebi. sasaqonlo maragebi, fasebis cvalebadoba, konkurenciis
marketpnguli gamokvlevis meTodologiaSi farTo adgils intensiuroba, bazris tevadoba, mogebis saSualo norma da sxva.
iWers statistikuri dakvirvebis, dajgufebis, Tavmoyris, sakuTar SesaZleblobebs - firmis xvedriTi wili bazarze,
saSualoebisa da dispersiuli analizis, dinamikuri mwkrivebis, saqonlis konkurentunarianobis done, firmis safinanso-
saindeqso, SerCeviTi dakvirvebis, korelaciur-regresiuli da sakredito potenciali, firmis imiji da a.S. SesaZlebelia am
sxva saxis meTodebi. statistikuri Sefasebis gamoyenebis gareSe faqtorebis mixedviT ganisazRvros mravalganzomilebiani
warmoudgenelia optimalur, marketingul gadawyvetilebaTa saSualo bali calcalke rogorc bazris situaciisaTvis, aseve
miReba da mis safuZvelze bazris marTva da regulireba. savaWro firmis sakuTari SesaZleblobebis, anu
mniSvnelovan gamoyenebas poulobs, agreTve, wrfivi da konkurentunarianobisaTvis. amisaTvis saeqsperto wesiT
arawrfivi programirebis, TamaSTa Teoriis, stoxasturi TiToeul faqtors mianiWeben misi moqmedebis siZlieris
programirebis, masobrivi momsaxurebis, imitaciuri modelirebis mixedviT balur Sefasebas, xolo im rolis mixedviT, rasac is
da sxva meTodebi. imsaxurebs faqtorTa kompleqsSi - rangis mniSvnelobas.
maSasadame, marketingul gamokvlevaSi gamoiyeneba yvela is faqtorTa TiToeuli kompleqsisaTvis ganisazRvreba saSualo
meTodi, romelic uzrunvelyofs gadawyvetilebaTa bali saSualo Sewonili ariTmetikulis gamoyenebiT.
mecnierulobas (mecnierulad dasabuTebuli masalis am reitingis (Tu aseT saSualo balebs gamoviangariSebT
uzrunvelyofa), kompleqsurobas (bazris muSaobis yvela calcalke faqtorTa TiToeuli jgufisaTvis, maSin maTi
aspeqtis gamokvleva), sistemurobas (moqmedebaTa logikuri saSualo geometriuli daaxasiaTebs savaWro firmis reitings)
Tanmimdevroba), operatiulobas (Tavisdroul gadawyvetilebaTa mixedviT (maRali, saSualo da dabali) savaWro firmas SeuZlia
miRebas), perspeqtiulobas (dasabuTebuli, saimedo prognozebis ganaxorcielos Sesabamisad SeteviTi, TavdacviTi an
miReba), efeqturobas (naklebi danaxarjebis maRali saSedego ukandaxeviTi strategia, rac erTob saWiroa gakotrebis Tavidan
maCveneblebis miReba). acilebisa da mdgomareobis gajansaRebis miznebisaTvis. rogorc
marketinguli strategia principul, prioritetul da Cans TavdacviTi strategia firmas SeuZlia airCios or
sabazro gadawyvetilebaTa kompleqsia, rac ganapirobebs savaWro SemTxvevaSi (orive SemTxvevaSi pozicia saSualoa): sabazro
firmis bazarze xvedriTi wilis zrdas, saqonlisa da situacia xelsayrelia, magram firmis konkurentunarianoba
172 173

dabalia an piriqiT - sabazro situacia araxelsayrelia, magram organizaciulad gaformebuli, mudmivmoqmedi, saqonlis biTumad
firmis konkurentunarianoba maRalia. gacvlis garigebaTa bazari, romlis elementebia saqonlisa da
bunebrivia, rom savaWro firmis mier gatarebuli momsaxurebis moTxovna-miwodebis,f asebis, komerciul
marketinguli gadawyvetilebani SeteviTi strategiis dros garigebaTa maRalorganizebuli regulireba. sasaqonlo birJa
iqneba dabali, Tavdacvis dros saSualo, xolo ukandaxeviTi SeiZleba iyos specializebuli romelime saxeobis saqonlis
strategiis dros - maRali riskis matarebeli. xSirad (xorblis, navTobproduqtebis, Saqris, kauCukis, Savi da feradi
statistika bazarze savaWro firmis reitingis dadgenis liTonebis, xe-tyis masalebis da a.S.) da universaluri,
gaangariSebaTa rTul kompleqss amartivebs da mimarTavs sxvadasxva saqonlis yidva-gayidvis garigebaTa sfero.
mxolod firmis xvedriTi wilis gaangariSebas. Tu bazarze sasaqonlo birJaze sabiTumo garigebani SeiZleba iyos
yvela firmis mier realizebuli saqonlis saerTo masaSi realuri saqonliT, forvarduli, fiuCersuli, opcionuri,
izrdeba mocemuli savaWro firmis xvedriTi wili, maSin firmis xejirebuli da spredinguli. realuri saqonlis garigeba
xelmZRvaneloba mimarTavs SeteviT strategias. Tavis dazRvevis gulisxmobs, rom birJas gaaCnia sasawyobo Senobebi, sadac
mizniT, amasTan erTad, aumjobesebs saqonlisa da momsaxurebis arsebul realur saqonelze xdeba sabiTumo garigebani. am saxis
dizainur (nakeTobis esTetikur ier-saxes), stailingur garigebisagan gansxvavebiT forvarduli garigeba marTalia
(stilisa da modisadmi Sesabamisobis xarisxi) da ergonomikur realur saqonelze warmoebs, magram gadaxdis ganvadebas
(produqciis gamoyenebisa da momsaxurebis moxmarebisas gulisxmobs garigebis momentSi arsebuli fasebiT. aseTi
komfortuloba da siamovneba) Tvisebebs. savaWro firmebis garigeba fasebis Semcireba an gadidebazea navaraudevi
marketinguli strategiis SemuSavebis saqmeSi statistika (gamyidveli fiqrobs, rom fasebi mcirdeba da myidveli ki
iTvaliswinebs, agreTve, saqonlis moTxovnisadmi simwifis piriqiT). zemoTCamoTvlili garigebebisagan gansxvavebiT
fazas. rogorc cnobilia saqoneli da momsaxureba sul xuT fiuCersuli garigebisas araa aucilebeli mocemul momentSi
fazas gaivlis: Seqmna, bazarze gatana, zrda, simwife da dacema. realuri saqonlis arseboba. is qaRaldze garigebas gulisxmobs
am fazebis mixedviT statistika agebs mrudebs (abscisTa RerZze sakontraqto wesiT, riTac dafiqsirdeba garkveuli vadis
gadizomeba fazebi xangrZlivobaTa mixedviT da ordinatTa gasvlis Semdeg Sesabamisi nomenklaturisa da asortimentis
RerZze saqonlisa da momsaxurebis realizaciis moculoba) da saqonlis miwodebis aucilebloba.
mis safuZvelze iZleva marketingul gadawyvetilebaTa zemoTCaTmoTvlili garigebani warmoSobs sabirJo
rekomendaciebs. spekulaciis or sxvadasxva variants: sakaso da vadian
garigebas. pirvel SemTxvevaSi pirJis muSakni yiduloben
saqonels fasebis gadidebis imediT da fasTa sxvaobiT moelis
sasaqonlo birJis statistika mogebas, xolo vadiani garigebisas (romlis erTerTi saxeoba
fiuCersuli garigebaa) kontraqti daideba iseT saqonelze,
sabazro statistikis erTerTi mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia romelzedac birJis muSakni fasebis Semcirebas moelian.
sasaqonlo birJis statistika. xejirebuli garigeba igive fiuCersuli garigebaa,
sasaqonlo birJa sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebis mxolod im gansxvavebiT, rom xdeba fasebis mosalodneli
erTerTi mniSvnelovani institutia. is aris iuridiulad da cvlilebis winaswardazRveva. Cveulebrivad, imisaTvis, rom
174 175

saqonlis gamyidvelma daizRvios Tavi da SeinarCunos momavalSi maCvenebelTa mixedviT aigeba rogorc naturaluri, ise
sakaso fasi, SeiZens fiuCersul kontraqts saqonlis gayidvaze. RirebulebiTi maCveneblebi da Sesabamisad naturaluri da
Tu vadiani da sakaso fasebi icvleba erTi mimarTulebiT da RirebulebiTi, individualuri da saerTo (agregatuli)
gansxvaveba maT Soris, e.i. bazisi, ar icvleba, maSin xejireba indeqsebi da a.S. naturaluri indeqsebi gamoiyeneba calkeuli
iqneba idealuri, radgan gamyidveli arc igebs da arc agebs. saxis saqonlis (Saqari, xorbali, Tevzi da sxv.) fizikuri
imave saqonlis Sesyidvaze myidveli SeiZens saqonlis Sesyidvis moculobis dinamikis gasazomavad saangariSo periodSi sabaziso
fiuCersul kontraqts xejirebis mizniT. periodTan SedarebiT, xolo sxvadasxva saxis saqonlis birJaze
opcionuri garigeba ewodeba iseT garigebas, rodesac yidvis an gayidvis saerTo moculobis dinamikis
erTi pirovneba SeuTanxmdeba meores da garkveul periodSi dasaxasiaTeblad gamoiyeneba RirebulebiTi indeqsebi, romlebic
iZens am saqonlis Sesyidvis uflebas fiqsirebuli fasiT. miiReba sxvadasxva saqonlis Sesabamis fasobriv gamosaxulebaSi
risTvisac meore pirovnebas uxdis premiis garkveul Tanxas. gamosaxvis gziT. sabirJo saqmitanobis saqonelbrunvis, fasebis
spredinguli garigeba garigebis specifikuri formaa da (rogorc individualuri, ise saerTo), agreTve saSualo
gulisxmobs sxvadasxva fiqsirebuli garigebisaTvis raime Sewonili, saSualo ariTmetikuli, saSualo harmoniuli da
mogebis miRebas. sxva saxis indeqsebi gaiangariSeba im meTodologiiT, rac
statistikuri amocanebia Seiswavlos sabirJo moTxovna- naCvenebi iyo indeqsebis Sesabamis TavSi.
miwodebis moculoba, struqtura, dinamika, sxva movlenebTan sabirJo saqmianobis situacias anu koniuqturas
urTierTkavSiri, sabirJo koniuqtura da misi cvlilebani axasiaTebs moTxovna-miwodebis, fasebis, garigebaTa da sxva
faqtorTa zemoqmedebiT, garigebaTa raodenoba, maTi struqtura maCveneblebis cvalebadobani drosa da sivrceSi. maT
saxeobaTa mixedviT, dinamika da sxva sakiTxebi. Sesaswavlad farTod gamoiyeneba variaciis, saindeqso,
sabirJo statistikis maCveneblebi uSualod korelaciiT, SerCeviTi dakvirvebis da sxva saxis meTodebi.
gamomdinareobs amocanebidan da moicavs: birJebis saerTo
raodenobas, maT struqturas saxeobaTa mixedviT da dinamikas, saqonelbrunvis statistikis maCveneblebi da maTi
sabirJo saqonelbrunvis saerTo moculobas, saqonelbrunvis daxasiaTeba
struqturas, dinamikas saqonelbrunvaze moqmedi faqtorebis
raodenobriv, korelaciur-regresiul analizs, fasebis dones, saqonelbrunva savaWro samewarmeo saqmianobis erTerTi
dinamikas da urTierTkavSirs moTxovna-miwodebasTan, fasebis ZiriTadi statistikuri indikatoria.
kotirebas, garigebaTa raodenobas, maT struqturas da am erTimeorisagan ansxvaveben ori saxis saqonelbrunvas:
safuZvelze saqmian aqtivobas, sabirJo operaciebis warmoebiT sabiTumos da sacalos. sabiTumo saqonelbrunva ewodeba
birJebis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis maCveneblebs, maT Soris savaWro organizaciebis mier saqonlis Sesyidvas Semdgomi
mogebas, saerTo Semosavals, gadasaxadebs biujetSi da sxva gayivdis mizniT. mas ekuTvnis, agreTve sawarmoebisa da sxva
maCveneblebs. sabiujeto organizaciebisadmi saqonlis miyidva. sacalo
sasaqonlo birJis saqmianobas asaxavs saqmiani aqtiuroba, vaWroba ewodeba saqonlis miyidvas uSualod mosaxleobisadmi.
romlis maCveneblebia ganacxadTa ricxvi, ganacxadTa saSualo sabiTumo da sacalo saqonelbrunvis jams ewodeba
sidide, sabiTumo saqonelbrunva, sabirJo fasebi da sxva. am saerTo saqonelbrunva. es maCvenebeli pirobiTia, vinaidan
176 177

moicavs ganmeorebiT aRricxvas. amitom angariSoben ufro dasaxelebis mixedviT. magram xSirad, gansakuTrebiT
realur maCvenebels, romelsac ewodeba wminda saqonelbrunva. arasasursaTo saqonlis sacalo vaWrobaSi, cnobilia gayidvaTa
mTeli qveynis masStabiT wminda saqonelbrunva emTxveava sacalo raodenoba ara calkeuli nomenklaturuli poziciebis mixedviT,
saqonelbrunvas, xolo calkeuli regionebis da savaWro aramed fulad formaSi. amitom am SemTxvevaSi saqonelbrunvis
organizaciebis mixedviT is amasTan erTad moicavs saqonlis dinamikis gasazomad viyenebT saqonelbrunvis fizikuri
gayidvas regionisa da organizaciis farglebs gareT. moculobis indeqsis sxva formas, kerZod:
saqonelbrunvis erTerTi mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia
rgoladobis koeficienti, romelic gaiangariSeba saerTo 1
saqonelbrunvisa da wminda saqonelbrunvis moculobaTa i q1 p1
urTierTSefardebiT. igi gviCvenebs, Tu ramdenrgoliania I
p

sasaqonlo mimoqceva. amasTan dakavSirebiT icvleba mimoqcevis

xarjebis moculobac. magaliTad, orrgoliani sistemis dros
q p 1 1

gvaqvs sasawyobo sabiTumo saqonelbrunva, rodesac saqoneli

jer Sedis sabiTumo organizaciebis sawyobebSi da Semdeg
sadac, i p - fasebis jgufuri an individualuri indeqsi;
gadaecema sacalo qsels, xolo erTrgoliania - satranzito q1 p1 - calkeuli jgufis saqonlis gayidvaTa raodenoba
sabiTumo saqonelbrunva, roca saqoneli mwarmoeblidan fuladi formiT saangariSo periiodSi.
pirdapir egzavneba sacalo qselis savaWro organizaciebs
mosaxleobaSi sarealizaciod. sasaqonlo maragebis statistikis maCveneblebi
saqonelbrunva icvleba socialur-ekonomikuri,
demografiuli, savaWro-organizaciuli da sxva faqtorebis sasaqonlo maragebi vaWrobaSi saWiroa sasaqonlo
gavleniT. misi Seswavla statistikis erTerTi ZiriTadi mimoqcevis uwyveti msvlelobisaTvis. gamoiyofa mimdinare,
amocanaa. sadazRvevo, sezonuri maragebi. amasTan ZiriTadia mimdinare
saqonelbrunvis saerTo moculoba calkeuli saqonlis maragi, romelic saWiroa yoveldRiuri saWiroebisaTvis,
gayidvaTa jamia. sezonuri maragi iqmneba xilze, kartofilze da sxva saxis
misi sidide gansakuTrebiT mosaxleobis erT sulze produqtze mosaxleobis momaragebisaTvis mTeli sezonis
gaangariSebiT, mosaxleobis materialuri da kulturuli ganmavlobaSi. miwodebis vadebis darRvevis, agreTve navigaciis
cxovrebis donis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia da sezonurobis da sxva faqtorebis gavleniT zogjer Semoizideba
amitomac mis dinamikaSi, wlebis mixedviT Seswavlas didi e.w. sadazRvevo maragi. es maragebi cal-calke ki ar inaxeba,
mniSvneloba aqvs. es amocana wydeba saqonelbrunvis dinamikuri aramed erTad aris savaWro organizaciebSi da qmnian sasaqonlo
mwkrivebis Sedgenisa da maTi korelaciur-regresiuli analizis maragebs.
meSveobiT. saqonelbrunvis dinamikis Seswavla xdeba indeqsebis mimdinare maragebis moculoba damokidebulia saqonlis
gamoyenebiT. cnobilia saqonelbrunvis saerTo da fizikuri realizaciis moculobaze. rac metia realizacia, miT metia
moculobis indeqsebi, isini gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, roca saWiro sasaqonlo maragebi. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,
cnobilia saqonlis realizacia calkeuli jgufebisa da saqonelbrunva unda iyos uzrunvelyofili sasaqonlo
178 179

maragebiT. xSirad es uzrunvelyofadoba gaiangariSeba dReebSi, Tema 8. investiciebis statistika

romlis normativebic arsebobs. igi dgindeba ama Tu im
TariRisaTvis sasaqonlo maragebis gayofiT dRiuri investiciebis qveS igulisxmeba yvela saxis nivTobrivi an
realizaciis moculobaze. sasaqonlo maragebi aRiricxeba inteleqtualuri faseulobani, romlebic mogebis miRebis
periodis ama Tu im momentisaTvis (dasawyisSi da bolosaTvis). mizniT dabandebulia samewarmeo da sxva saxis saqmianobaSi.
garda amisa aucilebelia maTi saSualos gaangariSeba statistikuri Seswavlilobis TvalsazrisiT investiciebis or
(saSualoTviuri, saSualokvartaluri, saSualowliuri). saxeobas gamoyofen.
saSualoTviuri sasaqonlo maragi gaiangariSeba Tvis dasawyisisa finansurs da arafinansurs. finansur investiciebSi
da bolos maragebis jamis orze gayofiT. saSualokvartaluri SeaqvT wminda finansuri dabandebani aqciebis, obligaciebis,
sasaqonlo maragi dadgindeba sami Tvis saSualoTviuri fasiani qaRaldebis, agreTve, sxva sawarmoTa sawesdebo
maragebis saSualos mixedviT. amave gziT, kerZod, oTxi kapitalSi wilis, sabanko serTifikatebis, depozitebis, xolo
kvartlis saSualo maragebis mixedviT gaiangariSeba arafinansurSi materialuri faseulobebis (miwa, Senobebi,
saSualowliuri sasaqonlo maragebi. nagebobani, mowyobiloba da sxv.) SesaZenad.
saSualo maragebis safuZvelze gaiangariSeba investiciebis statistikis amocanebi mdgomareobs
saqonelbrunvis siswrafis maCveneblebi: investiciebis saerTo moculobis, maTi struqturis (calkeul
saxeobaTa mixedviT), investiciebis dinamikisa da maTze moqmedi
brunvadobis koeficienti K da brunvadoba dReebSi ( t )
faqtorebis SeswavlaSi.
investiciuri saqmianoba makroekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT
Q T
K br.  t ekonomikuri ganviTarebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria.
q K br. jer erTi, saxelmwifosa da kerZo seqtoris investiciebi,
moziduli ucxo investiciebi, mosaxleobis SemosavlebTan
sadac, erTad, erToblivi moTxovnis ZiriTadi komponentia. meore,
Q - mocemul periodSi realizebuli saqonlis jamia investiciebi axali teqnologiebis dasanergad
(gansaxorcieleblad) sawarmoebis modernizaciisaTvis
(saqonelbrunva);
ekonomikuri, finansuri da socialuri progresis sawindaria.
T - dReTa raodenoba mocemul periodSi. gardamaval ekonomikaSi investiciebis didi rolisa da
brunvadobis koeficienti gviCvenebs Tu ramdenjer mniSvnelobis gamo, investiciebi statistikuri gamokvlevebis
gadabrunda mocemul periodSi saSualo maragi, xolo mixedviT saqarTveloSi sawarmoTa statistikuri gamokvlevis
brunvadobis dReebSi ki ramdeni dRe sWirdeba erT gadabrunebas. moqmed angariSebiT formaSi, am sakiTxebs specialuri
ganyofileba eZRvneba. aq Seitaneba investiciebi finansur da
arafinansur (ZiriTad da sabrunav) aqtivebSi (sawarmoSi
sakuTari da sxva subieqtebidan moziduli finansuri saxsrebis
an uSaulod sawarmosaTvis qonebis gadacemis formiT
ganxorcielebuli) arafinansuri da finansuri (finansuri
180 181

aqtivebis gazrdis an valdebulebaTa dasafaravad dabandebuli) ტრანსპორტი და კავშირგაბმულობა - 29,3 მლნ აშშ დოლარი
investiciebi, daumTavrebeli warmoebisa da mza nawarmis (მთლიანი ინვესტიციების 5,8 პროცენტი);
maragebis wminda zrda aseve miekuTvneba sawarmos mier sabrunav საბანკო სექტორი - 7,6 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი ინვესტიციების
saSualebebSi ganxorcielebul investiciebs. 1,5
საქართველოს სტატისტიკის ეროვნული სამსახურის პროცენტი);
მონაცემებით, 2009 წელს საქართველოში განხორციელებული სოფლის მეურნეობა, თევზჭერა - 5 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი
პირდაპირი უცხოური ინვესტიციების მოცულობა 759,1 მლნ. აშშ ინვესტიციების
დოლარს შეადგენს. 1 პროცენტი);
2009 წელს საქართველოში განხორციელებული დანარჩენი მომსახურება - 120 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი
ინვესტიციების მიხედვით არაბეთის გაერთიანებული ემირატები ინვესტიციების 23,7 პროცენტი);
ლიდერობს, რომლის მიერ აღნიშნულ წელს განხორციელდა 169,8 საქართველოში განხორციელებული პირდაპირი უცხოური
მლნ. აშშ დოლარის ინვესტიცია. ინვესტიციების ყველაზე დიდი წილი საწარმოებში
საქართველოში განხორციელებული პირდაპირი უცხოური განხორციელებულ ინვესტიციებზე მოდის.
ინვესტიციების მიხედვით, უმსხვილესი ქვეყნებია:
არაბეთის გაერთიანებული საემიროები – 169,8 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saqarTveloSi
(მთლიანი ინვესტიციების 22,4%);
ეგვიპტე – 167,5 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი (22,1%); weli Mmln.aSS dolari
ნიდერლანდები – 105,7 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი (13,9%);
თურქეთი – 89,5 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი (11,8%); 2004 499,1
პანამა – 73,4 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი (9,7%);
გაერთიანებული სამეფო – 63,5 მლნ. აშშ დოლარი (8,4%)
პირდაპირი უცხოური ინვესტიციები სექტორების მიხედვით 2005 449,8
შემდეგნაირად ნაწილდება:
მრეწველობა - 143,9 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი ინვესტიციების 2006 1190,4
28,5 პროცენტი);
უძრავი ქონების სექტორი - 103,6 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი
2007 2014,8
ინვესტიციების
20,5 პროცენტი);
სამშენებლო სექტორი - 65,7 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი 2008 1564,0
ინვესტიციების 13
პროცენტი); 2009 658,4
ენერგეტიკის სექტორი - 30,1 მლნ აშშ დოლარი (მთლიანი
ინვესტიციების 6
პროცენტი);
wyaro: saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri
182 183

pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis moculobam saqarTveloSi

saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli 2007 wels 2014,8 mln. aSS dolari Seadgina, rac 4,5-jer
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi qveynebis mixedviT
metia 2004 wlis maCvenebelze.

qveynebi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009* finansebis roli samewarmeo saqmianobaSi da statistikis
amocanebi
sul 449,785 1,190,375 2,014,842 1,563,963 759,078.6
maT Soris: safinanso statistika farTod gamoiyeneba rogorc
azerbaijani 23,943
66,920.2 77,804.5 41,368.1 24,596.0 mimdinare, ise sainvesticio samewarmeo saqmianobis efeqtianobis
avstria 51,463
14,732.2 10,749.3 11,384.4 14,451.3 SefasebisaTvis.
virjinis
156,847 mewarmeobis finansebi fuladi formis safinanso
k-bi (brit.) 4,900.2 58,586.2 187,815.5 5,691.8
CexeTi urTierTobania saqonlisa da momsaxurebis warmoebis, gacvlisa
1,279.6 15,032.2 227,926.4 34,858 15,057.3
dania da realizaciis mTels procesSi. es urTierTobani warmoiqmneba:
319.0 42,477.8 158,126.2 256 139.8
safrangeTi
1. TviT mewarmeobis Sida saqmianobaSi fulad-safinanso
14,383.3 17,221.7 43,726.0 8,180 11,944.8 resursebis warmoqmnis, ganawilebisa da gamoyenebis procesTan
germania 40,591
5,031.8 20,380.8 56,987.8 3,658.0 dakavSirebiT;
indoeTi 26,998
29.0 54.9 61.9 20,283.9 2. bankebTan urTierTobis procesSi sabanko sesxebis
italia 6,048 miRebis, maTze procentebis gadaxdis da sxva momentebTan
22,833.5 47,219.1 15,228.1 1,172.5
luqsemburgi 5,731 dakavSirebiT;
553.1 261.1 9,245.7 6,206.3
niderlandebi
492.0 18,530.2 299,277.2 135,870 105,679.7 3. sxva mewarmeebTan da sameurneo subieqtebTan eqsport-
norvegia
23,620.9 77,894.8 34,200.1 2,693 1,877.3
importis operaciebis, ZiriTadi da sabrunavi kapitalis, maT
panama -2,470 Soris fasiani qaRaldebis SeZenis saqmeSi da sxva;
- 3,391.6 6,177.7 73,414.1
ruseTi 26,212
4. sadazRvevo kompaniebTan sxvadasxva saxis sadazRvevo
38,737.6 34,210.0 88,996.5 2,049.5
arabeTis fondebis warmoqmnisa da gamoyenebis procesSi da a.S.
gaerTianebuli statistikis amocanebia Seiswavlos safinanso resursebis
emiratebi 280.5 422.6 130,858.7 306,576 169,784.0 moculoba, struqtura, dinamika, warmoqmna, gamoyeneba, agreTve,
TurqeTi
21,812.5 129,727.8 93,871.1 164,526 89,506.3 mogebis, rentabelobis (Semosavlianobis) gansazRvra,
gaerTianebuli
mewarmeobis safinanso-sakredito valdebulebebisa da
samefo 132,925.8 186,824.1 145,474.8 148,908 63,549.2
gadaxdisunarianobis Sefaseba.
samewarmeo ekonomikis, biznesisa da menejmentis
moculobiT safinanso-statistikur indikatorebs ganekuTvneba:
184 185

saoperacio danaxarji (garda gadasayidad gankuTvnili im

saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Sesyidvebze gaweuli danaxarjebisa,
samewarmeo ekonomikis, biznesisa da menejmentis romelic formisa da Tvisebebis Seucvlelad gadaiyida wlis
moculobiTi safinanso-statistikuri indikatorebi ganmavlobaSi damatebuli Rirebulebisa da aqcizis gareSe). es
xarjebia:
a. mimdinare samewarmeo-saqmianobisaTvis: sawesdebo 1. nedleuli da ZiriTadi masalebi, makompleqtebeli
kapitali, TviTRirebuleba, mimoqcevis xarjebi, Semosavlebi, nawarmi da naxevarfabrikatebi;
mogeba-zarali, gadasaxadebi saxelmwifo biujetSi, debitoruli 2. saTbobi, sawvavi da energia;
da kreditoruli davalianebani, sabrunavi saxsrebi, sadazRvevo 3. gare organizaciebis an fizikuri pirebisagan gaweuli
Sesatanebi biujetgareSe saxelmwifo fondebSi, sakuTari da momsaxurebis anazRaurebisaTvis daricxuli xarjebi;
nasesxebi safinanso resursebi da sxv. 4. saijaro qira;
b. sainvesticio dabandebebisaTvis: investiciebis saerTo 5. Sromis anazRaureba dasaqmebul personalze;
moculoba calkeul saxeobaTa mixedviT, Semosavlebi 6. daricxuli socialuri gadasaxadi;
investiciebidan da a.S. 7. mimdinare warmoebaSi gamoyenebuli ZiriTadi kapitalis
sawesdebo kapitali, rogorc safinanso resursebis cveTis amortizacia;
pirveldawyebiTi wyaro, warmoiqmneba mewarmeobis dafuZnebis 8. warmoebis xarjebSi Sesuli gadasaxadebi da
momentSive damfuZneblebis mier Senatanebis aqcioneruli mosakreblebi.
kapitalis, sapaio da sxva xarjze materialuri (ZiriTadi da am xarjebiT SeiZleba Sedges warmoebisa da momsaxurebis
sabrunavi kapitalis) da aramaterialuri (damfuZnebelTa mTliani xarjTaRricxva, sasaqonlo produqciis mTliani
iuridiuli ufleba miwis, inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis, TviTRirebuleba, danaxarjebi sasaqonlo produqciis erT
bunebrivi resursebis, patentebis, licenziebis, savaWro larze da saqonlis (momsaxurebis) erTeulis TviTRirebuleba.
markebis da sxvaTa sargebloba) aqtivebis Sesaqmnelad. sasaqonlo produqcia igive produqciis (saqonlisa da
TviTRirebuleba mniSvnelovani safinanso-ekonomikuri momsaxurebis) gamoSvebaa, rac moicavs saoperacio Semosavlebis
indikatoria, romelic gviCvenebs Tu ra ujdeba mewarmeobas, brunvas mTlianad saqmianobis (rogorc ZiriTadi ise
bizness, menejments, saqonlis momsaxurebis warmoeba da araZiriTadi) yvela saxeobaTa mixedviT. mza produqciis
realizacia. misi Semcireba mewarmeobis, biznesisa da sasaqonlo (igive, produqciis gamoSveba) produqcia
menejmentis mogebis gadidebis, am safuZvelze safinanso- gaiangariSeba mimdinare sabazro fasebSi saerTo saqmianobis
ekonomikuri saqmianobis gajansaRebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani yvela saxeobis mixedviT saoperacio Semosavlebis (produqciis)
faqtoria. saerTo brunvisa da mza produqciis maragebis cvlilebis
TviTRirebuleba (produqciis, saqonlis, momsaxurebis), safuZvelze, gadasayidad gankuTvnili saqonlisa da
rogorc absoluturi safinanso-statistikuri indikatori, momsaxurebis Sesyidvebze gaweuli saoperacio danaxarjebis
gamoiyeneba sawarmoo da samomsaxureo samewarmeo ekonomikaSi, gamoklebiT.
biznessa da menejmentSi. masSi Seitaneba sawarmoTa mTliani TviTRirebuleba Sefardebuli sasaqonlo
statistikuri gamokvlevis formaSi naCvenebi yvela saxis produqciis moculobaze, gvaZlevs iseT metad mniSvnelovan
186 187

indikators, rogoricaa danaxarjebi sasaqonlo produqciis erT menejmentSi. biznesmenebi da menejerebi swored am maCvenebels
larze. Tu es maCvenebeli erTs aWarbebs (magaliTad udris 1,2 udareben saqonlis momsaxurebis fasebs (tarifebs). Sedegad
lars) mewarmeoba zaraliania (sasaqonlo produqciis erT arkveven ekonomika da biznesi momgebiania Tu zaraliani, vinaidan
larze zarali Seadgens 20 TeTrs), xolo Tu erTze naklebia kargad ician, rom gansxvaveba sabazro fassa (tarifs) da
(magaliTad 0,8), mewarmeoba momgebiania (sasaqonlo produqciis TviTRirebulebas Soris aris samewarmeo biznesis mogeba. amitom
erT larze mogeba 20 TeTria). aqedan daproeqtdeba mewarmeobis produqciisa da momsaxurebis erTeulis (1 cali nakeTobis,
regulirebis Sesabamisi ekonomikuri, biznesmenuri da erTi wyvili fexsacmlis, 1 kilovatsaaTi eleqtroenergiis,
menejmenturi RonisZiebani. erTi mgzavris gadayvanis anu mgzavr/kilometris, erTi tona
samewarmeo ekonomikaSi, biznessa da menejmentSi gvaqvs, tvirTis erT km-ze gadazidvis anu t/km-is da sxv.)
agreTve, mTliani gamoSveba anu mTliani Semosavlebi, romelic TviTRirebulebis sworad gaangariSebas didi mniSvneloba
produqciis (saqonlisa da momsaxurebis) gamoSvebasTan erTad eniWeba samewarmeo ekonomikaSi, biznessa da menejmentSi.
moicavs Sromis naturaluri anazRaurebis saxiT, usasyidlod produqciis (saqonlisa da momsaxurebis) erTeulis
an barteruli wesiT gacemuli produqciis Rirebulebas, TviTRirebulebis gaangariSebisaTvis anu kalkulaciisaTvis
kapitalizirebul saqonelsa da momsaxurebas (sakuTari mewarmeobis mTliani danaxarjebi unda davajgufoT
warmoebisaTvis an investirebisaTvis warmoebuli produqciis sakalkulacio muxlebis mixedviT anu ZiriTad da zednadeb
Rirebuleba), grantebsa da Semowirulobebs, daumTavrebeli xarjebad (sawarmoTa statistikuri dakvirvebis formaSi
warmoebis naSTebis cvlilebas (+mateba, -kleba), arasaoperacio xarjebi dajgufebulia mxolod ekonomikuri elementebis
Semosavlebs (saprocento Semosavlebi, dividendebi da sabrunavi mixedviT, rac ar iZleva produqciis erTeulis
kapitalis gayidvidan miRebuli Semosavlebi da sxv.), agreTve, TviTRirebulebis pirdapiri gaangariSebis saSualebas).
subsidiebs warmoebasa da produqciaze. amis Sesabamisad gvaqvs pirdapiri xarjebia nedleulis, ZiriTadi masalebis,
mTliani xarjTaRricxva, romelic moicavs saoperacio xarjebs, naxevarfabrikatebis, teqnologiuri saTbobis, teqnologiuri
agreTve, arasaoperacio da gauTvaliswinebel xarjebs eleqtroenergiis, ZiriTadi xelfasis da sxva danaxarjebi. am
(saprocento xarjebi, mimdinare warmoebaSi gamouyenebel xarjebis mixedviT mewarmeobaSi arsebobs saqonlisa da
ZiriTad kapitalze daricxuli amortizacia, realizebuli da momsaxurebis erTeulze xarjvis normebi, romelTa
Camowerili kapitalis narCeni Rirebuleba da sxv.). Tu mTlian gadamravlebiT sabazro fasze vRebulobT Sesabamis TiToeuli
gamoSvebas (Semosavlebs) gamovaklebT xarjTaRricxvas, miviRebT ZiriTadi danaxarjis moculobas. amis garda mewarmoebaSi
mogebas an zarals. arsebobs zednadebi (saerTo, administraciuli da sxva)
TviTRirebulebis msgavsi maCvenebeli mimoqcevis sferoSi xarjebi, romlebic sxvadasxva saxis ekonomikuri saqmianobis
aris mimoqcevis xarjebi. aseTi mimoqcevis (vaWrobis an sxva Sedegad warmoebuli produqciis erTeulze unda ganawildes
dargis) ZiriTadi kapitalis amortizacia, muSakTa Sromis romelime pirdapiri, ZiriTadi danaxarjis
anazRaureba, transportirebis, garTobis, ganaTebis, SefuTvis, pirdapirproporciulad. Cveulebrivad aseT ZiriTad danaxarjad
daxarisxebis da sxva xarjebi. miiCneven ZiriTad xelfass, romelic produqciis erTeulze
produqciis erTeulis TviTRirebuleba erTerTi mocemulia saTanado Sefasebebis mixedviT.
mniSvnelovani indikatoria samewarmeo ekonomikaSi, biznessa da
188 189

magaliTi. ZiriTadi xelfasis fondi mewarmeobaSi yvela mdgomareobis maCvenebelia da metyvelebs mewarmis, biznesmenis
saxis produqciis warmoebisaTvis Seadgens 100,0 aTas lars gadaxdisuunarobaze.
TveSi, xolo zednadebi xarjebi - 200,0 aTass. am SemTxvevaSi safinanso-statistikur absolutur maCvenebelTa Soris
zednadebi xarjebi orjer metia ZiriTad xelfasze, anu erT-erTi mniSvnelovania, agreTve, mewarmeobis mTliani (da maT
Seadgens 200 %-s. Soris sakuTari da nasesxebi) sabrunavi saxsrebis moculoba da
Tu, magaliTad, mewarmeobaSi sami (,,a~, ,,b~, da ,,g~) saxis struqtura.
produqcia iwarmoeba da TiToeulze moqmedi satarifo sabrunavi saxsrebi Sedgeba sabrunavi fondebis (mimdinare,
sistemiT ixarjeba ZiriTadi xelfasi Sesabamisad 2 lari, 1,5 sadazRvevo, sezonuri, teqnologiuri maragebi, daumTavrebeli
lari da 3 lari, maSin zednadebi xarjebi TiToeul maTganze warmoeba da momavali periodis xarjebi) da mimoqcevis
2  200 1.5  200 fondebisagan (mza produqcia, mza produqcia sawyobSi,
Seadgens 4 lars, 3 lars, da gadagzavnili myidvelebze, gzaSi, da fuladi saxsrebi
100 100 angariSsworebis angariSze bankSi).
3  200 mTlianad sabrunavi saxsrebis Rirebuleba saWiroa
6 lars. sabolood rogorc ZiriTadi ise zednadebi samewarmeo ekonomikis, biznesisa da menejmentis uwyveti
100
funqcionirebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis. amitom im SemTxvevaSi,
xarjebis jami gvaZlevs produqciis erTeulis
roca ar hyofnis ama Tu im momentSi sawarmos sakuTari
TviTRirebulebas.
sabrunavi saxsrebi nedleulis masalebis, saTbobis da sxva
safinanso-statistikur absolutur indikatorTa Soris
mimdinare maragis SesaZenad, agreTve, dasaqmebul pirTaTvis
sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi gansakuTrebul adgils iWers
Sromis asanazRaureblad da sxva miznebisaTvis, mewarmes,
debitoruli da kreditoruli davalianebani.
biznesmensa da menejers SeuZlia gamoiyenos nasesxebi sabrunavi
debitoruli davalianebaa saangariSo davalianeba
saSualebani.
myidvelebTan, biujetTan da sxva debitorebTan. aseTia,
nebismieri samewarmeo biznesisa da menejeruli
magaliTad angariSvaldebul pirTa davalianeba, avansi, romelic
saqmianobis ZiriTadi mizania mogebis miReba. es indikatori
gacemulia mimwodeblebisa da moijarade organizaciebisadmi da
biznesisa da menejmentis yvelaze mTavari absoluturi
a.S. am SemTxvevaSi debitoria is subieqti, iuridiuli an
maCvenebelia.
fizikuri piri, romelic movalea e.i. valdebulia mocemuli
Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi warmoiqmneba
mewarmis mimarT.
mogebis oTxi ZiriTadi saxeoba: produqciis realizaciidan
kreditoruli davalianebis SemTxvevaSi ki piriqiTaa.
miRebuli mogeba, sabalanso mogeba, saerTo da wminda mogeba.
mocemuli mewarme warmoadgens debitors anu valdebuls sxva
produqciis (saqonelisa da momsaxurebis) realizaciidan
iuridiuli an fizikuri pirebisadmi saqonlis an momsaxurebis
miRebuli mogeba ganisazRvreba realicaiidan amonageb Tanxasa
miwodebis, biujetisadmi gadasaxadebis gadaxdis, muSa-
(aqcizis, agreTve, damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis
mosamsaxureebisadmi Sromis anazRaurebis gacemis da sxva
gamoklebiT) da TviTRirebulebas Soris sxvaobiT. cxadia, Tu
urTierTobis dargSi. kreditoruli davalianebebis sistematuri
TviTRirebulebaSi gaTvaliswinebuli danaxarjebi aWarbebs
gadaWarbeba (mxolod droebiTaa dasaSvebi) debitoruli
davalianebisadmi arajansaRi safinanso-ekonomikuri
190 191

produqciis realizaciidan miRebul amonagebs, maSin CamoTvlili absoluturi safinanso-statistikuri

warmoiqmneba zarali, rac mewarmeobis gakotrebis maniSnebelia. maCveneblebis safuZvelze warmoebs samewarmeo ekonomikis,
sabalanso mogeba mTliani mewarmeobis sameurneo- biznesisa da menejmentis funqcionirebis SefardebiTi
safinanso saqmianobis Sedegia, romelic produqciis maCveneblebis gaangariSeba da Sedegebis statistikuri
realizaciidan miRebuli mogebis garda Seicavs qonebis Sefasebani.
gayidvidan da arasarealizacio operaciebidan miRebul
Semosavals (sxvaoba arasarealizacio Semosavlebsa da samewarmeo biznesisa da menejmentis SefardebiTi
danaxarjebs Soris). safinanso-statistikuri indikatorebi
mewarmoebis arasarealizacio Semosavlebia is
Semosavlebi, romlebic miiReba ara produqciis (saqonlisa da samewarmeo ekonomikis, biznesisa da menejmentis mimdinare
momsaxurebis) realizaciidan, aramed sameurneo-sabazro saqmianobis SefardebiT safinanso-statistikur maCvenebelTa
saqmianobis da sxva operaciebidan. aseTia, magaliTad, Soris, Tavisi mniSvnelobiT, gamoiyofa safinanso simtkicis,
sauravoebi, jarimebi, romlebic mocemulma sawarmom daakisra rentabelobis da brunvadobis indikatorebi, xolo
momwodeblebsa da myidvelebs, savaluto kursis dadebiTi sainvesticio saqmianobaSi - investiciebis Semosavlebis
gansxvaveba, aqciebidan da sxva fasiani qaRaldebidan Semosuli koeficientebi.
dividendebi da sxva saxis Semosavlebi, Semosavlebi sxva biznesis, ekonomikisa da menejmentis safinanso-simtkicis
sawarmoTa kapitalSi wilobrivi monawileobisaTvis da sxv. qveS igulisxmeba mewarmoebis materialur da aramaterialur
samewarmeo ekonomikaSi, biznessa da menejmentSi aqtivebSi dabandebuli Tanxebis Tavis droze anazRaurebisa da
arasarealizacio SemosavlebTan erTad arsebobs yvela safinanso valdebulebaTa gadaxdisunarianoba.
arasarealizacio danaxarjebic. maT Sorisaa saarbitraJo da amisaTvis safinanso statistikis msoflio Teoriasa da
sasamarTlo danaxarjebi, ekonomikuri sanqciebiT gamowveuli praqtikaSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba ori indikatori. esenia:
danaxarjebi (jarimebi, sauravoebi da sxv.), ucxouri valutis
operaciebze uaryofiTi sakurso gansxvavebani, mza produqciis, 1. mewarmeobis avtonomiurobis koeficienti:
agreTve, sawarmoo maragebis CamofasebiT miRebuli zarali,
stiqiuri ubedurebiT gamowveuli danaxarjebi, dakonservebuli Qsak.
sawarmoo simZlavreebidan miRebuli zarali da sxv.
K avt.   100
QmTl.
mTliani mogeba igive sabalanso mogebaa, mxolod im
gansxvavebiT, rom misi gaangariSebisaTvis jarimebi da sadac, K avt. - mewarmeobis avtonomiurobis koeficienti,
sauravoebi gaiTvaliswineba mxolod im nawiliT, rac rCeba
procentobiT;
biujetSi da arasabiujeto fondebSi maTi gadaricxvis
gamoklebiT. Qsak. - sakuTari safinanso resursebi;
wminda mogeba miiReba mTliani mogebidan biujetSi
QmTl. - mTliani safinanso resursebi.
gadasaxadebisa da arasabiujeto saxelmwifo fondebSi
sadazRvevo Sesatanebis gamoklebiT.
192 193

Tu es koeficienti dinamikaSi izrdeba, es imas niSnavs, Rirebulebam 1,5 mln lari. amonagebi realizaciidan 1,0 mln.
rom sakuTari safinanso resursebiT mewarmeobis valdebulebaTa lari. aqedan mewarmeobis saerTo rentabeloba udris:
gadaxdisunarianoba umjobesdeba.
0.3 mln. lari
2. saerTo likvidurobis koeficienti:  100  20%
1.5 mln. lari
Qlikv. TviTRirebuleba - 0,8 mln. lari.
K likv.   100 realizebuli produqciis rentabeloba:
Qdav.
1.0 - 0.8
sadac, K likv. -davalianebaTa saerTo likvidurobis  100  25%
koeficientia, procentobiT; 0.8
rentabelobis amaRleba mewarmeobis ekonomikaSi, biznessa
Qlikv. - likviduri Tanxebi (fuladi resursebi fasian da menejmentSi sami ZiriTadi faqtoris zemoqmedebiT
qaRaldebSi, sasaqonlo-materialur faseulobaTa maragebSi ganisazRvreba. esenia: produqciis erTeulis TviTRirebulebis
dabandebuli fuladi resursebi da debitoruli davalianebani): Semcireba, fasebis gadideba da struqturuli Zvrebi. cxadia,
ramdenadac mcirea produqciis danaxarjebi anu erTeulis
Qdav - mewarmeobis moklevadiani davalianebani.
TviTRirebuleba da maRalia fasi, miT metia mogebis
Tu es koeficienti 100-ze naklebia, mewarmeoba absoluturi moculoba da resursebis gamoyenebis efeqtianoba
aragadaxdisunaria, xolo Tu 100-ze metia, safinanso- anu rentabeloba. am ori faqtoris amoqmedeba biznessa da
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mtkicea, vinaidan nebismier dros menejmentSi did winaaRmdegobas awydeba bazrebis
sawarmos SeuZlia gadaixados yovelgvari moklevadiani dapyrobisaTvis konkurenciul brZolaSi, ramdenadac orTave
safinanso valdebulebani da gaagrZelos muSaoba normalur umTavresad sabazro moTxovna-miwodebis kanonebiT yalibdeba da
situaciaSi. bevrad araa damokidebuli biznesmenur da menejerul
rentabeloba mewarmeobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani unarianobaze.
SefardebiTi, xarisxobrivi maCvenebelia. is mogebis procentuli gansxvavebiT am ori faqtorebisagan, rentabelobis
Sefardebaa resursebTan (ZiriTadi da sabrunavi kapitali, amaRlebis mesame faqtori, struqturuli Zvrebi, SedarebiT
aramaterialuri resursebi), romelic resursebis gamoyenebis zustad gamoxatavs mewarmeobis efeqtianobaze biznesmenTa da
efeqtianobas axasiaTebs an produqciis TviTRirebulebasTan menejerTa unaris, gergilianobis zemoqmedebas. swored aq iCens
(axasiaTebs danaxarjTa gamoyenebis efeqtianobas). Tavis biznesmenTa da menejerTa unari erTi da mxolod erTi
magaliTi. wliurma sabalanso mogebam samewarmeo biznesSi metad mniSvnelovani amocanis gadawyvetis (ra vawarmooT,
Seadgina 300,0 aTasi lari, xolo ZiriTadi da sabrunavi rogor vawarmooT da visTvis vawarmooT) efeqtianoba.
kapitalis, agreTve, aramaterialuri aqtivebis saSualowliurma
194 195

magaliTi. firmaSi iwarmoeba sami dasaxelebis produqcia; saangariSo periodSi anu II kvartalSi rentabelobis
,,a~, ,,b~ da ,,g~. erTeulis TviTRirebuleba da fasebi maCveneblebi calkeuli saxis produqciis mixedviT ar
saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi aseT suraTs iZleva: Secvldila anu darCa igive, rac iyo I kvartalSi. Seicvala
mxolod produqciis nomenklaturis anu dasaxelebis mixedviT
struqtura, rac gamoiwvia menejeruli RonisZiebebis gatarebam
yvelaze metad rentabeluri produqciis (,,b~ saxis
produ produqciis) xvedriTi wilis amaRlebis mimarTulebiT.
qciis I kvartali II kvartali
saxeo
I kvartalSi firmaSi ,,b~ saxis produqciis gamoSvebis
bani xvedriTi wili saerTo gamoSvebaSi Seadgenda:
mogeba erTeulze lari
600  10

erTeulis TviTRire
 100  27%
(500  5)  (600  10)  (900  15)
TviTRirebuleba

erTeulze lari
gamoSveba cali

gamoSveba cali

buleba lari
produqccis

produqciis
fasi lari

fasi lari
erTeulis

xolo II kvartalSi

mogeba
lari

1200  10
 100  40%
500 5.0 4.5 0.5 550 5.0 4.5 0.5
(550  5)  (1200  10)  (1000  15)
600 10.0 8.0 2.0 1200 10.0 8.0 2.0
900 15 14.0 1.0 1000 15.0 14.0 1.0 axla vnaxoT aseTma struqturulma Zvrebma anu ,,b~ saxis
nawarmis xvedriTi wilis gazrdam produqciis saerTo
gamoSvebaSi II kvartalSi I kvartalTan SedarebiT, ra gavlena
produqciis calkeul saxeobaTa mixedviT rentabeloba moaxdina firmis mogebis gadidebasa da rentabelobis
(mogeba %-obiT TviTRirebulebisadmi): amaRlebaze. am kiTxvaze, rogorc indeqsebis Teoriidanaa
sabaziso periodSi: cnobili, pasuxs iZleva indeqsebs Soris urTierTkavSiris
0.5 formula:
,,a~ saxis produqciaze  100  11%
4.5
,,b~ saxis produqciaze
2
 100  25% q z1 1

q z  q z
1 0 1 1

q z q z q z
8
0 0 0 0 1 0
1
,,g~ saxis produqciaze  100  7%
14
196 197

anu I qz  I q  I z sadac q1 da q0 TiToeuli saxis

I str. 
q z
1 0

(550  0.5)  (1200  2.0)  (1000  1.0)
produqciis moculobaa saangariSo (II kvartali) da sabaziso (I
kvartali) periodebSi;
q z
0 0 (500  0.5)  (600  2.0)  (900  1.0)
 1.56
z1 da z0 - TiToeuli saxis produqciaze mogeba
Sesabamisad saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi;
I qz - cvalebadi Semadgenlobis indeqsia;
I cval.  I fiqs.  I str.  1.0  1.56  1.56
Iz - struqturuli Zvrebis indeqsi;
Iq - ucvleli Semadgenlobis indeqsi. rac dasturdeba indeqsebs Soris urTierTkavSiris
cvalebadi Semadgenlobis indeqsi gviCvenebs firmaSi formulidan.
saerTo mogebis gadidebas ori faqtoris (produqciis maSasadame, miuxedavad imisa, rom ucvleli darCa rogorc
moculobisa da produqciis erTeulze mogebis) cvalebadobis, fasebi, aseve produqciis erTeulis TviTRirebulebani,
struqturuli Zvrebis indeqsi struqturuli Semadgenlobis struqturuli Zvrebis xarjze anu maRalrentabeluri
anu calkeuli saxis produqciis warmoebis moculobis produqciis (,,b~) gamoSvebis xvedriTi wilis mkveTri amaRlebis
cvalebadobis, xolo ucvleli anu fiqsirebuli Semadgenlobis gziT menejerma miaRwia saerTo mogebis Tanxis gadidebas II
indeqsi - produqciis erTeulze mogebis cvalebadobis xarjze. kvartalSi I kvartalTan SedarebiT 1325 lariT anu 56%-iT.
Cvens mier zemoTmotanili cxrilis monacemebis sabrunavi saxsrebis gamoyenebis SefardebiTi
safuZvelze gamovTvaloT cvalebadi, fiqsirebuli da maCveneblebidan aRsaniSnavia, agreTve, brunvadobis indikatorebi
struqturuli Semadgenlobis indeqsebi. (brunvadobis koeficienti, brunvadoba dReebSi da sabrunavi
saxsrebis datvirTvis koeficienti), romlebic mkiTxvelisaTvis

I cval . 
q z 1 1

(550  0.5)  (1200  2.0)  (1000  1.0) ukve cnobilia sabrunavi saxsrebis statistikis Sesabamisi
Tavisadmi miZRvnili masalidan.
q z 0 0 (500  0.5)  (600  2.0)  (900  1.0) mimdinare saqmianobisgan gansxvavebiT, sainvesticio
 1.56 samewarmeo saqmianobaSi, mimdinare momgebianoba ganisazRvreba

I fiqs. 
q z 1 1

(550  0.5)  (1200  2.0)  (1000  1.0)
SemosavlianobiT. sainvesticio Semosavlianoba ZiriTadad ori
faqtoriT ganisazRvreba. esenia: sainvesticio kapitalze fasTa
q z 1 0 (550  0.5)  (1200  2.0)  (1000  1.0) sxvaoba wlis ganmavlobaSi da dividendebi. fasTa sxvaobas anu
1 holdingur mogebas Tu mivumatebT dividendebs da SevufardebT
wlis dasawyisSi investoris mier dabandebuli investiciebis
moculobas, miviRebT investiciebis Semosavlianobas
procentobiT.
198 199

magaliTi. wlis dasawyisSi korporaciis aqciebi gadazidvebi, ucxouri turizmi da sxva urTierTobebi. aqedan
investorma SeiZina 2500 aSS dolarad. wlis bolos aseTi yvelaze mniSvnelovania, Tavisi moculobiT, laris savaWro-
aqciebis sabazro fasma 3000 aSS dolari Seadgina. wlis ekonomikuri TanamSromloba ucxoeTTan, rac Tavis asaxvas
manZilze dividendis saxiT investorma am aqciebiT miiRo 700 hpovebs sagareo vaWrobaSi. aranaklebi mniSvnelobisaa rogorc
aSS dolari. aseT SemTxvevaSi aqciebis Semosavlianoba yvela qveynis, ise saqarTvelosaTvis samecniero-teqnikuri
procentobiT Seadgens: TanamSromloba ucxoeTTan, rac mniSvnelovanwilad aisaxeba
erToblivi sawarmoebis SeqmniT mrewvelobis, mSeneblobis,
(3000  2500)  700 soflis meurneobis, vaWrobisa da sxva metad mniSvnelovan
 100  48% dargebSi. es dargi amJamad Tavisi moculobiT mcirea, magram
2500 progersulad mzardia da unda vivaraudoT, rom is
perspeqtivaSi erT-erT wamyvan adgils daiWers sagareo-
ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa sferoSi.
Tema 9. sagareo ekonomikur urTierTobaTa statistika sagareo ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobani mravalmxrivia,
romelTa maCveneblebi moicavs mraval ganmartebasa da
nebismieri qveynis ekonomikis aRmavloba yovlad definicias. maT Sorisaa: importi, eqsporti, eqsport-importis
warmoudgenelia sxva qveynebTan produqciisa da saqmianobis saldo, reeqsporti, sagadamxdelo balansi, erTiani sasaqonlo
urTierTgacvlis gareSe. am saqmianobis urTierTgacvla nomenklatura, barteri, ucxouri valuta, garigebis valuta,
nivTobrivad gulisxmobs saqonlis, samuSao Zalisa da savaluto kursi, sagareo vaWrobis brunva, dempingi, kliringi,
kapitalis gacvlas ekonomikurad urTierTxelsayrel pirobebSi. defliatori, defliacia, kompensaciuri SeTanxmebani,
es imas niSnavs, rom arsebobs Sromis saerTaSoriso danawileba, saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi, gadasayvani maneTi, generaluri
romlis safuZvelze calkeuli qveynis xalxebi vaWroba, uxilavi vaWroba, saerTaSoriso tranziti da sxv.
specializebulia maTTvis ekonomikurad iafi da sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa zemoT CamoTvlil
maRalxarisxovani produqciis warmoebaze, gaaCniaT am saqonlis maCvenebelTa statistikaSi gvaqvs importis statistika,
,,Warbi~ maragi da SeuZliaT misi gacvliT monawileoba miiRon eqsportis statistika, reeqsportis statistika, sagareo
saerTaSoriso brunvaSi. nivTobrivad es saqoneli SeiZleba iyos vaWrobis saldos statistika, sagadamxdelo balansis
rogorc warmoebis saSualebani, ise moxmarebis sagnebi da maTi statistika da a.S.
urTierTgacvla warmoadgens TiToeuli qveynis sawarmoo ZalTa importi ewodeba saqonlis Semozidvas sxva qveynebidan,
ganviTarebis ucilobel pirobas. amis garda, ama Tu im qveyanas eqsporti ki samamulo warmoebis saqonlis sxva qveynebSi
SeiZleba hqondes ,,Warbi~ SromiTi resursebi da gadazidvas niSnavs. reeqsporti wina periodSi importirebuli
inteleqtualuri potenciali, risi gacvlad agreTve qveynis saqonlis gatanaa sxva qveynebSi. eqsporti, importi da
ekonomikis ganviTarebis erT-erTi faqtoria. reeqsporti (CaiTvleba eqsportis saerTo moculobaSi) aisaxeba
sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobebSi igulisxmeba: naturalur da RirebulebiT formaSi. RirebulebiT
savaWro-ekonomikuri, samecniero-teqnikuri, safinanso- gamosaxulebaSi maTi Tanxa aisaxeba nacionalur valutaSi -
sakredito, savaluto urTierTobani, agreTve, saerTaSoriso larebSi. larebSi oficialuri kursiT gadaiyvaneba yvela
200 201

sagareo vaWrobis saerTo brunva (eqsport-importis jami). gamoiyeneba eqsport-importis statistikur aRricxvaSi rogorc
eqsportSi ar Seitaneba humanitaruli daxmarebis mizniT erTi, ise ramdenime qveynis farglebSi.
sazRvargareT usasyidlod gaziduli saqonlis Rirebuleba, sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa erT-erTi
gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis (gaeros) teqnikuri maCvenebelia barteri, romelic gulisxmobs saqonlis
daxmarebis fondSi sawevro Sesatanebi, saerTaSoriso urTierTgacvlas sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris fuladi
gamofenebze gatanili saqonlis Rirebuleba, safosto angariSsworebis gareSe.
gzavnilebaTa da sazRvargareT wasul moqalaqeTa piradi bargis ucxouri valuta ucxour saxelmwifoTa sakredito
Rirebuleba da a.S. saSualebaSi (veqsili, Ceki), romlebic gamoiyeneba
eqsport-importis sagareo vaWrobis saldo ewodeba saerTaSoriso urTierTangariSsworebaSi. valuta iyofa sam
sxvaobas eqsportsa da imports Soris. is SeiZleba iyos jgufad: konvertirebadi, nawilobriv konvertirebadi da
aqtiuri (,,plius~ niSniT), roca eqsporti aWarbebs imports da arakonvertirebadi. konvertirebadi anu ukuqcevadi ewodeba
pasiuri (,,minus~ niSniT), roca sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevasTan iseT valutas, romelic Tavisuflad icvleba sxva valutaze.
gvaqvs saqme. nawilobriv konvertirebadi valuta qveynis iseTi fuladi
sagadamxdelo balansi ewodeba urTierTSefardebas erTeulia, romelic savaluto SezRudvebs cvlis ara yvela
mocemul qveyanaSi ama Tu im periodSi sazRvargareTidan savaluto operaciaze, aramed mxolod ucxoeTidan Camosul
savaluto Semosavlebsa da am qveynis sazRvargareT gadaxdebs fizikur da iuridiul ararezident pirTaTvis.
Soris. balansis ZiriTadi elementebia fuladi Semosavlebi da arakonvertirebadi anu araukuqcevadi valuta ewodeba fulad
gadasaxdelebi, rac dakavSirebulia eqsport-importTan, oqros erTeuls, romelic Caketilia erTi qveynis farglebSi da
valutis rezervebis cvlilebani, Semosavlebi da gasavlebi mxolod saSinao mimoqcevaSi gamoiyeneba.
sxvadasxva saxis momsaxurebisaTvis (transporti, turizmi da garigebis valuta is valutaa, romelSiac aisaxeba
sxv.), arasavaWro gzavnilebani, gacemuli da miRebuli sagareo vaWrobis saqoneli, momsaxureba an saerTaSoriso
kreditisaTvis Semosavlebi da gadasaxadebi, sxva qveynebSi kreditis Tanxa.
gacemuli da sxva qveynebidan miRebul investiciebTan savaluto kursi erTi qveynis fuladi erTeulis ,,fasia~,
dakavSirebuli Semosavlebi da gadasaxdelebi da sxv. gamosaxuli sxva qveynis fulad erTeuliT. mas awesebs bankebi
sagadamxdelo balansis Semosavlebsa da gasavlebs Soris da oqros standartiT ganisazRvreba oqros paritetiT anu
sxvaobas ewodeba sagadamxdelo balansis saldo, romelic fulad erTeulTa oqros SemcvelobiT.
sagareo vaWrobis balansis msgavsad SeiZleba iyos aqtiuri sagareo vaWrobis brunva eqsportisa da importis jamia
(Semosavlebi aWarbebs gasavlebs) da pasiuri (gasavlebi metia fulad formaSi gamosaxuli ama Tu im kalendaruli drois
Semosavlebze). monakveTSi.
sagareo vaWrobis erTiani sasaqonlo nomenklatura dempingi ewodeba dabal fasebSi (saqinao saerTaSoriso
sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa erT-erTi fasebTan SedarebiT) saqonlis gadazidvas sxva qveyanaSi. es
mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia. is gulisxmobs, rom mravali warmoebs bazrebis ,,dapyrobis~ mizniT da zarali daifareba
dasaxelebis saqoneli klasificirebulia garkveuli niSnebiT da saqinao bazris maRali fasebis xarjze.
Seqmnilia erTiani sasaqonlo nomenklaturis sistema, romelic
202 203

kliringi qveynebs Soris angariSsworebaa naRdi fuladi qveynis sagareo savaWro organizaciebis mier da miwodebuls
erTeulebis gareSe urTierTmoTxovnaTa CaTvlis gziT. qveynebs uSualod mesame qveynisaTvis; eqsportSi: mocemul qveyanaSi
Soris urTierTdavalianeba daifareba urTierTSemxvedri warmoebul saqonels, wina periodSi mocemul qveyanaSi sabaJo
sagadamxdelo valdebulebebiT (CekebiT, gzavnilebiT da sxv.). kontroliT gadasamuSaveblad Semozidul da mimdinare
defliatori fasebis indeqsia, romelic fasebis periodSi gazidul saqonels (reeqsports) da a.S.
cvalebadobis Tavidan asacileblad gamoiyeneba RirebulebiT ,,uxilavi vaWroba~ gamoiyeneba da asaxavs iseT
maCvenebelTa erTi romelime sabaziso wlis maCveneblebSi gadasaxadebs da Semosavlebs (transportis dazRveva, safosto-
gadasayvanad. satelegrafo da satelefono kavSirebi turizmi, kulturuli
defliacia saxelmwifos mier gayalbebuli fuladi masis gacvlebi, sakomisio operaciebi), romlebsac kavSiri ara aqvT
Semcirebaa gadasaxadebis gadidebis, sabiujeto danaxarjTa eqsport-importis operaciebTan.
Semcirebis, saqonlis fasebis Semcirebis, kreditze moTxovnis saerTaSoriso tranziti iseTi saqonlis gadazidvaa,
Semcirebis da sxvaTa gziT. romlis gamgzavni da mimRebi punqtebi imyofeba mocemuli
sakompensacio SeTanxmebani ewodeba saerTaSoriso qveynis farglebs gareT. Tu saqoneli Semodis sabaJo sawyobSi
ekonomikur urTierTSeTanxmebas, romlis mixedviT erToblivi da aqedan egzavneba mimReb qveyanas, maSin aseT gadazidvas
sawarmoebis mSeneblobisas xdeba manqanebis, mowyobilobis, ewodeba arapirdapiri tranziti, xolo Tu saqoneli ar Semodis
masalebisa da sxvaTa miwodeba, xolo sakompensaciod sabaJos sawyobSi da sabaJos uzrunvelyofiT pirdapir egzavneba
mimwodebeli qveyana miiRebs am mowyobilobiT, masalebiT da sxv. myidvel qveyanas, maSin aseTi gadazidva pirdapiri saerTaSoriso
gamoyenebiT warmoebul produqcias. tranzitia.
saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi sxvadasxva saxelmwifoTa
xelmoweriTa da SeTanxmebiT Seiqmna aSS-ebSi Catarebul 21sagareo vaWrobaSi saqarTvelo iyenebs misi aRricxvis `zogad
saerTaSoriso konferenciaze 1944 wels da miznad isaxavs meTods”, rac niSnavs, rom saqonlis eqsport-importis
saerTaSoriso savaluto TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas am aRricxvis kriteriumia mis mier qveynis sabaJo sazRvris
fondis wevri qveynebis safinanso problemebis gadawyvetis gadakveTa.
dargSi. awarmoebs statistikuri masalebis Segrovebasa da eqsportSi igulisxmeba rogorc erovnuli warmoSobis
damuSavebas kursis, oqros savaluto rezervebis fuladi produqciis gatana, ise importirebuli saqonlis reeqsporti.
mimoqcevisa da sabanko saqmianobis, saerTaSoriso komerciuli importSi igulisxmeba qveyanaSi produqciis Semotana, romelic
ganakveTebisa da sxvaTa Sesaxeb. gamiznulia saboloo moxmarebisaTvis an Semdgomi
generaluri vaWroba saerTaSoriso statistikis eqsportirebisaTvis.
maCvenebelia. es maCvanebeli gamoiyeneba eqsport-importis eqsporti aRricxulia FOB, anu eqsportiori qveynis franko-
gasaangariSeblad sagareo vaWrobis e.w. ,,saerTo~ sistemiT sazRvris fasebSi. importi aRricxulia CIF, anu importiori
aRricxvis pirobebSi. is moicavs importSi: saqonels, qveynis franko-sazRvris fasebSi, rac niSnavs, rom saqonlis
Semoziduls mocemul qveyanaSi gadasamuSaveblad da fasSi CarTulia importiori qveynis sazRvramde misi
moxmarebisaTvis; saqonels, romelic Semozidulia qveyanaSi transportirebisa da dazRvevis xarjebi. informaciis ZiriTadi
gadasamuSaveblad sabaJo kontroliT; saqonels, Sesyiduls wyaroa saqarTvelos finansTa saministros Semosavlebis
204 205

samsaxuris satvirTo-sabaJo deklaraciebi, romlebsac emateba saqonelbrunvaSi mxolod is saqonelia (patentebisa da

monacemebi im saqonlis eqsport-importis Sesaxeb, romlebic ar licenziebis yidva-gayidva, satransporto saSualebaTa remonti,
fiqsirdeba qveynis sabaJo sazRvarze (eleqtroenergia, bunebrivi samSeneblo samuSaoebis xelmZRvaneloba da Catareba da a.S.),
airi). partniori qveynis dadgenis kriteriumebia: importis romlebsac nivTobrivi forma gaaCniaT. amasTan erTad sagareo
dros – gamomgzavni qveyana, eqsportis dros – saboloo vaWrobis saqonelbrunvaSi ar CairTveba is Semoziduli an
daniSnulebis qveyana. saqonlis eqsport-importis gaziduli saqoneli (humanitaruli daxmarebis gziT
aRricxvisaTvis gamoiyeneba `sagareo ekonomikuri saqmianobis usasyidlod saqonlis Semozidva-gazidva, Senatanebi gaeros
sasaqonlo nomenklatura (ses sn)~, romelic agebulia saqonlis teqnikuri daxmarebis fondSi, gamofenebze an gaziduli
aRwerisa da kodirebis harmonizebuli sistemis safuZvelze. saqoneli da sxv.), romelic komerciul xasiaTs ar atarebs, e.i.
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi saerTaSoriso saqmianobis ar icvleba valutaze.
mniSvnelovani kategoriaa, romelic gulisxmobs erTi qveynis statistikam unda Seiswavlos sagareo vaWrobis
ekonomikis rezidenti erTeulis mier sxva qveynis rezidenti moculoba, dinamika da struqtura.
sawarmos marTvaSi kontrolis an mniSvnelovani gavlenis qonas. saqonelbrunvis fulad moculobas axasiaTebs eqsport-
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis monacemTa formireba importis jami gamosaxuli fulad formaSi. amitom
xorcieldeba: sawarmoTa sagareo statistikis amocanaa eqsportisa da importis Sesaxeb
ekonomikuri saqmianobis kvartaluri da wliuri statistikuri Sesabamisi organizaciebidan statistikuri masalis Segroveba,
gamokvlevis, privatizaciisa da saqarTveelos komerciuli damuSaveba da analizi.
bankebis angariSgebis safuZvelze. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris
monacemebiT:
sagareo vaWrobis statistika
sagareo vaWroba ( milioni aSS dolari)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Sromis danawilebis safuZvelze saxelmwifoTa ianvari-
ganviTarebul sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa Soris maisi
wamyvani adgili sagareo vaWrobas uWiravs. sagareo vaWroba საგარეო 3355.4 4613.0 6447.3 7800.0 5500.1 2434.5
eqsport-importis wesiT qveynebs Soris saqonlis სავაჭრო ბრუნვა
urTierTgacvlaa urTierTxelsayrel pirobebSi yidva-gayidvis საქონლის 865.5 936.0 1232.4 1495.5 1130.6 607.5
რეგისტრირებული
gziT.
ექსპორტი (FOB)
sagareo vaWrobis Sedegebi sxvadasxva maCvenebelTa საქონლის 2490.0 3677.0 5214.9 6304.6 4369.5 1827.0
sistemiT gamoisaxeba, romelTagan yvelaze mniSvnelovania რეგისტრირებული
RirebulebiTi maCveneblebi. am, ukanasknels miekuTvneba sagareo იმპორტი (CIF)
vaWrobis saqonelbrunva anu eqsport-importis wesiT gaziduli საგარეო ვაჭრობის -1624.5 -2741.0 -3982.5 -4809.1 -3238.9 -1219.5
da Semoziduli saqonlis Rirebuleba. saqonelbrunvaSi სალდო
CaiTvleba is saqoneli, romelic xasiaTdeba saqonlis
nivTobrivi formiT da fulze gacvlis niSniT. amitom
206 207

2009 wels saqarTvelos sagareo savaWro brunvam 5,500.1 cocxali cxvrebis wliurma eqsportma 2009 wels 17 milioni
mln. aSS dolari Seadgina, rac 2008 wlis Sesabamis aSS dolari Seadgina, rac wina wlis Sesabamis maCvenebelTan
maCvenebelze 29.5 procentiT naklebia. amavdroulad, savaWro SedarebiT 16-jer metia. cxvrebis ZiriTadi wili saudis
deficiti 3,238.9 mln. aSS dolars gautolda, rac wina wlis arabeTSia eqsportirebuli. rac Seexeba msxvilfexa rqosan
maCvenebelze 32.7 procentiT naklebia. saqonlis pirutyvs, 2009 wlis ganmavlobaSi 16.9 milioni aSS dolaris
registrirebuli eqsporti, 1,130.6 mln. aSS dolari, 2008 Rirebulebis saqonelis eqsporti ganxorcielda, umetes wilad
wlis maCvenebels 24.4 procentiT CamorCeba, xolo saqonlis azerbaijanSi.
registrirebuli importi wina wlis maCvenebelze 30.7
procentiT naklebia da 4,369.5 mln. aSS dolars utoldeba. saqonlis importis aRniSnuli ganawileba sakmaod
importirebuli saqonlis 40.7 procenti samomxmarebloa, 12.5 stabiluria bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi. Sualeduri moxmarebis
procenti _ sainvesticio da 45.7 procenti Sualeduri saqonelSi wamyvani adgili uWiravs navTobproduqtebs da
moxmarebis saqoneli. bunebriv airs. mniSvnelovani wili aqvs agreTve samSeneblo
masalebs, xorbals da fqvils. qarTuli eqsportis 42.5
2009 wels eqsportirebul saqonels Soris procenti samrewvelo saqonlisgan Sedgeba, raSic wamyvani
feroSenadnobebi tradiciulad pirvel pozicias ikavebs, Tumca adgili feroSenadnobebs, avtomobilebis reeqsports da
am produqciis eqsporti wina welTan SedarebiT 51.3 procentiT azotovan sasuqebs uWiravs. saqarTvelos sagareo savaWro
naklebi iyo. meore poziciazea oqro, romlis eqsportis brunva 2003 wlidan mudmivad mzardi tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda.
wliuri zrdis tempi 16.1 procents Seadgenda. oqros agvistos saomari moqmedebebis, da Semdgom, msoflio finansuri
eqsportis zrda oqroze saerTaSoriso fasebis matebiT iyo krizisis gavleniT, 2008 wlis mesame kvartalidan dafiqsirda
ganpirobebuli. oqros saeqsporto fasi 2009 wels wina kvartaluri, xolo Semdgom wliuri vardna, rogorc
welTan SedarebiT 38.2 procentiT iyo gazrdili. mesame registrirebuli eqsportis, aseve importis SemTxvevaSi. 2009
pozicia msubuqi avtomobilebis eqsports eWira, romelic wina wels aRdga kvartaluri zrdis tendencia, magram wliuri
welTan SedarebiT 30.8 procentiT Semcirda. 2009 wlis zrdis maCveneblebi kvlav uaryofiTi iyo (gamonaklisi iyo
eqsportSi aRiniSneboda garkveuli pozitiuri tendenciebi. registrirebuli eqsporti 2009 wlis meoTxe kvartalSi sadac
kerZod, Txilis eqsporti 2.2 -jer gaizarda wina welTan dafiqsirda dadebiTi zrdis tempi 22.0 procenti. aqve unda
SedarebiT da meoTxe pozicia daikava. Semdeg poziciaze iyo aRiniSnos, rom wina wlis Sesabamisi periodidan eqsporti
mineraluri sasuqebi. 2009 wels aRsaniSnavia citrusovani sagrZnoblad Semcirebuli iyo). eqsportis vardna 2009 wels,
xilis eqsportis mkveTri zrda. am periodSi gatanili saqonlis msoflio finansuri krizisis gamo saerTaSoriso fasebis
Rirebuleba oTxjer aRemateboda wina wlis eqsports. klebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. fasebi gansakuTrebiT Semcirebuli
citrusebis eqsportis 75 procenti ukrainaSi ganxorcielda, iyo ZiriTad qarTul saeqsporto saqonelze, Sav da ferad
16 procenti _ azerbaijanSi, 7 procenti _ belorusSi, xolo liTonebze. importis klebaze yvelaze didi gavlena msubuqi
danarCeni sxvadasxva qveynebSi. 2008 wlis meoTxe kvartalidan avtomobilebis gayidvebis Semcirebam moaxdina. wina welTan
saqarTvelos eqsportSi dafiqsirda axali dasaxelebebi, SedarebiT msubuqi avtomobilebis importi 64.0 procentiT iyo
cocxali cxovelebi, cxvrebi da msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi. Semcirebuli. gansakuTrebiT daiklo axali, ZviradRirebuli
208 209

avtomobilebis
mniSvnelovani
importma.
wvlili
importis
Seitana
klebaSi agreTve
navTobproduqtebze
saqonelbrunvasTan q 0 p0 sadac p1 da p0 saqonlis
saerTaSoriso fasebis vardnam. navTobproduqtebis importis erTeulis fasia Sesabamisad saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi:
Rirebuleba 2009 wels wina welTan SedarebiT 27.2 procentiT
naklebi iyo, amavdroulad importirebuli saqonlis raodenoba I qp 
q p 1 1

wina wlisas 13.4 procentiT aWarbebda. q p 0 0

sagareo vaWrobis saqonelbrunvis dinamikis
gasazomavad iyeneben indeqsebs. isini gviCvenebs movlenebis rogorc vxedavT saqonelbrunvis saerTo indeqsi asaxavs
ganviTarebas drosa da sivrceSi. Tu movlenebs, am SemxTvevaSi ori faqtoris (saqonlis fizikuri moculoba da saqonlis
sagareo vaWrobis saqonelbrunvas, ganvixilavT droSi, kerZod erTeulis fasi) zemoqmedebis Sedegs.
wlebis mixedviT, indeqsebi gveqneba individualuri, jgufuri saqonelbrunvis mxolod fizikuri moculobis gavlenas
da saerTo. calkeuli saxis saqonlsi (manqanebis, saTbobis, asaxavs fizikuri indeqsi
xorcis, karaqis da sxva) fizikuri moculobis cvalebadobas
eqsportSi an importSi gviCvenebs individualuri indeqsebi,
Iq 
q p1 0
romelic gamoisaxeba formuliT:
q p 0 0
saqonelbrunvis fizikuri moculobis indeqsi SegviZlia
q1 gaviangariSoT, agreTve, saqonlis fizikuri moculobis
iq 
q0 individualuri an jgufuri indeqsebisa da saqonelbrunvis
moculobis safuZvelze, rasac ewodeba saqonelbrunvis
fizikuri moculobis saSualo ariTmetikuli indeqsi:
i q p
sadac iq - ama Tu im konkretuli saqonlis fizikuri
Iq 
q 0 0
moculobis indeqsia;
q1 da q0 mocemuli saqonlis fizikuri moculobaa q p 0 0

Sesabamisad saangariSo da sabaziso wlebSi. sadac, iq - saqonlis fizikuri moculobis

Tu gvaqvs ara erTi saxeobis saqoneli, aramed saqonlis
q1
jgufebi (magaliTad, manqanebi, mowyobilobani da satransporto
individualuri iq  an jgufuri indeqsebia
saSualebebis jgufi an kvebis produqtebis jgufi), maSin maTi q0
fizikuri moculobis dinamika eqsportSi an importSi gaizomeba
jgufuri indeqsebiT.
iq 
q p1 0

saerTo indeqsi I qp gaizomeba saangariSo periodis q p0 0

saqonelbrunvis q p 1 1 SefardebiT sabaziso periodis

210 211

q0 p0 - wona, anu calkeuli saxis saqonlis mixedviT rogorc Cans, mTliani eqsportis saqonelbrunvis
fizikuri moculoba gaizarda 17%-iT.
saqonelbrunva sabaziso periodSi.
sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa mniSvnelovani
Tu saSualoariTmetikul indeqsSi CavsvavT iq -s maCveneblebi eqsporti da importi.
mniSvnelobas miviRebT saqonelbrunvis fizikuri moculobis eqsporti ewodeba samamulo samrewvelo da sasoflo-
indeqss: sameurneo warmoebis nawarmis gazidvas sazRvargareT yidva-
gayidvis gziT. masSi Sedis, agreTve, ucxoeTidan importis
wesiT Semoziduli saqoneli, romelmac gaiara samamulo
q1 q0 p0
 q q p
warmoebiT Sesabamisi gadamuSaveba da isev romelime ucxo
qveyanas mieyida. sagareo vaWrobis statistikaSi saqonlis
 
0 1 0
Iq
q p 0 0 q p 0 0
gadamuSavebad iTvleba iseTi damuSaveba, romlis Sedegad is
Rebulobs axal Tvisebriobas. samamulo saqonels miakuTvneben
mxolod im importul produqcias, romelmac gadamuSavebis
davuSvaT rom, gvaqvs ori jgufis saqoneli, jgufuri Sedegad Rirebuleba moitana Sesasyidi fasis 50%-ze metad,
indeqsebia: I jgufis saqonelze - 1,02, xolo II jgufis amitom statistikurad dafasoeba, SefuTva, garegani saxis
saqonelze - 1,19, es imas niSnavs, rom eqsportSi I jgufis gaumjobeseba da sxva operaciebi gadamuSavebaSi ar CaiTvleba.
saqonlis fizikuri moculoba gaizarda 2%-iT, xolo II eqsportSi Sedis agreTve is importuli saqoneli, romelic
jgufis saqonlis fizikuri moculoba - 19%-iT. jgufuri yovelgvari gadamuSavebis gareSe ,,pirdapiri reeqsportis~
indeqsebis safuZvelze SegviZlia gaviangariSoT saqonelbrunvis saxiT gadis ucxoeTSi gasasyidlad. zogjer ekonomikurad
fizikuri moculobis cvalebadoba saSualoariTmetikuli mizanSewonilia romelime qveyanaSi saqonlis Sesyidva da
indeqsis daxmarebiT: importis gareSe pirdapir im qveynisadmi miwodeba, romlis
winaSe garkveuli valdebuleba gaaCnia mocemul qveyanas. aseTma

I 
i q p
q 0 0
operaciam miiRo ,,arapirdapiri reeqsportis~ saxelwodeba da
Sesabamisi saqonlis Rirebulebac adidebs eqsportis saerTo
q p 0 0 saqonelbrunvis moculobas.
ise, rom Tu sabaziso periodis saqonelbrunvis eqsportis statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa
moculobam eqsportSi I jgufis saqonelze Seadgina 48000 statistikur monacemTa urTierTSesadarisobis uzrunvelyofa.
lari, xolo II jgufis saqonelze 38000 lari, maSin indeqsi gansakuTrebul siZneles warmoadgens eqsportis
miiRebs saxes: jamobrivi maCveneblebis urTierTSedareba. aq mravali qveyana

i q p
sagareo vaWrobaze saerTo moculobis dasadgenad gamoiyenebs
(1.02  48000)  (1.19  38000) or sistemas; ,,specialursa~ da ,,saerTos~. ,,specialuri~
I  
q 0 0

q p 0 0 48000  38000 sistemiT sagareo vaWrobaSi Seitaneba samamulo warmoebis

saqoneli, agreTve, qveyanaSi sabaJo kontrolis qveS
 1.17 gadasamuSaveblad Semoziduli da ,,nacionalizebuli~ saqoneli.
212 213

,,saerTo~ sistemiT sagareo vaWrobis saqonelbrunvis importi ewodeba saqonlis Semozidvas ucxo qveynebidan
gaangariSebisas ,,specialuri~ sistemiT zemoTCamoTvlil yidva-gayidvis gziT. saqonlis imports safuZvlad udevs
saqonels daemateba ,,Tavisufali zonidan gaziduli saqonlis mravali faqtori, romelTagan mniSvnelovania: ekonomikuri
Rirebuleba~. ,,Tavisufali zona~ is teritoriaa, sadac sagareo efeqtianoba, drois mogeba, msoflios masStabiT mecnierebisa da
savaWro operaciebi dasaSvebia sabaJo kontrolis, sabaJo teqnikis miRwevebis danergva samamulo warmoebaSi da sxva.
gadasaxadebis gareSe. importi Sedgeba im saqonlisagan, romelzedac samamulo
statistikis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani amocanaa eqsportis warmoeba an ar arsebobs, an kidev arsebobs, magram misi
dinamikis, anu misi droSi, wlebis mixedviT cvalebadobis warmoebis moculoba ver akmayofilebs moTxovnilebas. importis
gazomva, ra mizniTac iyeneben rogorc individualur, aseve ekonomikuri efeqtianoba gulisxmobs imas, rom Sesabamisi saxis
saerTo indeqsebs. saqonlis xarisxi maRalia da amasTan erTad misi SeZenisa da
individualuri indeqsebiT zomaven calkeuli konkretuli transportirebis xarjebi naklebia samamulo warmoebis
dasaxelebis saqonlis fizikuri moculobis cvalebadobas, saqonlis Sesabamis danaxarjebze. rig SemTxvevebSi am pirobis
xolo saerTo indeqsebidan gvaqvs sami urTierTdakavSirebuli garda unda gaviTvaliswinoT, agreTve, drois faqtori, romlis
indeqsi: eqsportis saerTo Rirebulebis I qp eqsportis mogebasac didi sameurneo mniSvneloba aqvs. es xdeba maSin,
roca ama Tu im saxis produqciaze moTxovnilebis
fizikuri moculobis indeqsi Iq da eqsportis fasebis indeqsi dakmayofilebis aucilebloba da samamulo warmoebis dawyeba
droSi erTmaneTs mniSvnelovnad scildeba. am SemTxvevaSi
Ip samrewvelo da sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis produqciis an
maT Soris kavSiri, rogorc statistikis Teoriidanaa kidev saxalxo moxmarebis saqonlis importi gamarTlebulia da
cnobili, ase gamoisaxeba: mniSvnelovan sameurneo efeqts iZleva drois mogebis
TvalsazrisiT. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba, agreTve, moZvelebuli
I qp  I q  I p da moralurad gacveTili warmoebis saSualebebis Secvlas
importirebuli Tanamedrove, msoflio standartebis Sesabamisi

anu
q p 1 1

q p  q p
1 0 1 1 maRali warmadobis manqana-iaraRebiT, rac mniSvnelovnad

q p q p q p
amaRlebs samamulo warmoebis ekonomikur efeqtianobas da
0 0 0 0 1 0 xalxis Sesabamisi samamulo warmoebis mier gamoSvebuli
saqonliT dakmayofilebis dones.
saqonlis importi SeiZleba gamoiwvios, agreTve,
sadac, q1 da q0 - eqsportSi gagzavnili saqonlis zogierTi, sruliad SemTxveviTi faqtoris zemoqmedebam, rac
iwvevs saqonlis mwvave deficits ama Tu im drois monakveTSi.
fizikuri moculobaa saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi.
aseT faqtorebs miekuTvneba araxelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi
p1 da p0 - saeqsporto produqciis erTeulis fasia pirobebis gamo mousavlianoba sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebze,
saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi. wyaldidobis, xanZari da zogierTi sxva stiqiuri movlena,
politikuri situacia mocemul qveyanaSi da a.S.
214 215

importi warmoiSoba, agreTve, saerTaSoriso statistika importis struqturaSi Semozidul da

specilizaciisa da kooperirebis ganviTarebiT. Sromis gazidul saqonelsa da mimwodebel qveynebs ajgufebs ori
saerTaSoriso danawilebis bazaze mocemul qveyanaSi viTardeba niSniT: ,,qveyana-saqoneli~ da ,,saqoneli-qveyana~. aq kargad Cans,
im produqciis warmoeba, romlisTvisac arsebobs xelsayreli saqonelTa is jgufebi, romelTa mixedviT mocemuli qveyana
bunebriv-klimaturi da ekonomikuri pirobebi. amitom xdeba sxva aris sufTa anu netto-eqsportiori da piriqiT, brutto-
saxis saqonlis importi da Sesabamis moTxovnilebaTa eqsportiori da brutto-importiori. es maCveneblebi
dakmayofileba. gamoiyeneba vaWrobis marTvis, prognozirebisa da regulirebis
statistika swavlobs importis saerTo moculobas, saqmeSi.
struqturas, dinamikas da sxva ekonomikur da araekonomikur
faqtorebTan mWidro urTierTkavSirs. importis moculobas
statistika swavlobs ,,sagareo vaWrobis erTiani sasaqonlo
nomenklaturis~ mixedviT Sesadar fasebSi, ris Sesaxebac sagareo vaWrobis fasebis statistika
saaRricxvo-statistikur informacias agrovebs saTanado
sagareo vaWrobis organizaciebisa da gaerTianebebis meSveobiT. fasi sagareo vaWrobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
importis registracia xdeba ucxo qveynidan saqonlis kategoriaa. is gadamwyvet rols asrulebs qveynis Sromis
sazRvarze gadmotanis momentSi, ris Sedegadac is iTvleba saerTaSoriso danawilebaSi monawileobis maqsimaluri
mocemuli qveynis materialuri simdidris Semadgenel nawilad. efeqitanobis miRwevis amocanis gadawyvetis saqmeSi. fasebis
importis struqtura eqsportis analogiuria. igi done da dinamika sagareo vaWrobis Sesabamis organizaciebis
ganixileba im ucxo qveynebis mixedviT, romelTa bazarzedac yoveldRiuri saqmianobis areSia saeqsporto-saimporto
SeiZineba saqoneli. TiToeuli qveynisaTvis ,,sagareo vaWrobis operaciebis ganxoricielebasTan dakavSirebiT. maTi meSveobiT
erTiani sasaqonlo nomenklatura~ ganixileba mowodebis xdeba sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa organizacia,
kategoriebis (kliringi, Caketili valuta, Tavisufali valuta marTva da regulireba. fasebis meSveobiT wydeba sagareo
da a.S.) mixedviT. yvelaferi es winaswar dadebuli savaWro vaWrobis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gansazRvra, eqsportis,
xelSekrulebebisa da SeTanxmebebis safuZvelze dgindeba importis da maTi RirebulebiT formaSi kontrolis,
rogorc saprognozo ise faqtobrivi monacemebis mixedviT. saqonelbrunvis donis, struqturisa da dinamikis, msoflio
importis struqtura xasiaTdeba sxvadasxva niSnebiT. maT Soris bazris da mis calkeul seqtorebSi saqonlis vaWrobis
statistikaSi gavrcelebulia sasaqonlo (calkeuli saxis momgebianobis da sxva metad mniSvnelovan amocanaTa gadaWra.
saqonlis sasaqonlo gjufebis, sasursaTo da arasasursaTo saqonlis fasebis Sesaxeb yvelaze sarwmuno informaciis
saqonlis da a.S.) struqturis, teritoriuli struqturis da wyaroa sagareo savaWro gaerTianebebsa da ucxour
sxva niSnebis mixedviT importirebuli saqonlis Seswavla kontragentebs Soris savaWro garigebani yidva-gayidvis Sesaxeb
rogorc naturalur-nivTobrivi, ise RirebulebiTi formiT. es (kontraqtebi). magram sakontraqto fasebi xSirad ixreba
ukanaskneli maCvenebeli saSualebas iZleva gaviangariSoT faqtobrivi fasebisagan, rac gamowveulia sakontaqto
importis dinamika (eqsportis saindeqso meTodis msgavsad), misi garigebebsa da faqtobrivad saqonlis warmoebis dros Soris
zrdisa da matebis tempebi wlebis mixedviT. gansxvavebiT. gavrcelebulia erTwliani, xuTwliani, aTwliani
216 217

da meti xnis savaWro garigebani, romlis ganmavlobaSic gadazidvis, an kidev daniSnulebis portamde mitanis xarjebs.
icvleba warmoebis pirobebi da saqonlis fasis Camoyalibebaze saqonelbrunvis donisa da dinamikis Sesadarisobis
moqmedi saSinao da sagareo faqtorebi. amis gamo xSirad uzrunvelsayofad sxvadasxva sabaziso sakontraqto fasebi
mxareTa Soris urTierTSeTanxmebiT wesdeba saqonlis gadaiyvaneba miwodebis erTian bazisSi. praqtikulad fasebi
sakontraqto sabaziso sortis fasi. imave kontraqtiT gadaiyvaneba gamgzavnis an mimRebis franko-sazRvris sabaziso
ganisazRvreba saqonlis xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis sabaziso fasSi, rac sagareo vaWrobis RirebulebiT maCveneblebs xdis
sortisagan gadaxrebis sazRvrebi. amis mixedviT saqonlis urTierTSesadariss. statistika angariSobs sxvadasxva saqonlis
faqtobrivi miwodebisas ganisazRvreba realuri saSualo fass Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT:
saangariSsworebo fasi.
sakontaqto fasebis registraciisas statistika iyenebs
mTliani dakvirvebis saxeobas, rac aucilebelia eqsport- p
 qp
importis
marTvisaTvis.
operaciebis
sakontraqto
regulirebisa
fasebis
da operatiuli
cvalebadobis qveS
q
gulisxmoben mxareTa urTierTmolaparakebis bazaze Zvelis sadac, p - saeqsporto an saimporto saqonlis
nacvlad axali fasebis dadgenas.
erTeulis individualuri fasia;
statistika swavlobs sagareo vaWrobis fasebis dones
(sakontraqto fasebis sidides), maT dinamikas wlebis mixedviT q - eqsportis an importis fizikuri moculobaa,
da misi ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis gavlenis xarisxs.
sagareo vaWrobis fasebis done ganisazRvreba savaWro p - saqonlis saSualo fasia.
garigebebiT da aisaxeba sakontraqto molaparakebebSi. magaliTi: davuSvaT, rom eqsportSi gagzavnili rkinis
sakontraqto fasebis dadgenisas saqonlis myidvelebi da madnis moculobam Sedagina 1000000 tona. es moculoba
gamyidvelebi iTvaliswineben msoflio fasebis dones. saqonlis miewoda sam momxmarebels. pirvels, 300000 tona, meores
msoflio fasis qveS igulisxmeba bazarze realizebuli 500000 tona da mesames 200000 tona. kontraqtis mixedviT
saqonlis internacionaluri Rirebulebis warmoebis pirveli momxmareblis madanSi rkinis Semcveloba Seadgenda
internacionaluri fasi) fuladi gamoxatuleba. amas garda 50%-s, meore momxmareblis madanSi - 55%-s, xolo mesame
fasis done yovelTvis ganisazRvreba miwodebis bazisis myidvelis madanSi 60%-s. momxmarebeli ixdis rkinis
mixedviT. sagareo vaWrobaSi miwodebis bazisi ewodeba saqonlis Semcvelobis erTeulisaTvis 2 lars. maSasadame, pirvelma
miReba-Cabarebis geografiul adgils, sadac saqonelze momxmarebelma erTi tona rkinis madnisaTvis unda gadaixados
sakuTrebis ufleba gamyidvelidan gadadis myidvelze. msoflio 100 lari, meorem 110 lari, xolo mesamem 120 lari. am
sagareo vaWrobis praqtikaSi gavrcelebulia sakontraqt o monacemebis safuZvelze erTi tona rkinis madnis saSualo fasi
fasebis dadgena sxvadasxva bazisze. maT Soris gvaqvs franko- Seadgens:
sazRvari an saqonlis mimwodeblis an mimRebis posti. es imas
niSnavs, rom internacionaluri Rirebulebis garda fasebi
moicavs an gagzavnis, portSi gemis portamde saqonlis
218 219

p
 qp  (300000  100)  (500000  110)  (200000  120) ,vaWrobis pirobebis~ indeqsi
q 300000  400000  300000
statistika swavlobs Tu rogori unda iyos sagareo
 109 vaWrobis pirobebi saangariSo periodSi sabazisosTan SedarebiT.
lars. aseTi pirobebis gasarkvevad angariSoben ,,vaWrobis pirobebis~
indeqss Semdegi formuliT:
sagareo vaWrobis, maT Soris eqsportisa da importis
fasebis dinamika gaizomeba individualuri da saerTo
(agregatuli) indeqsebis gamoyenebiT. individualuri indeqsi I eqsp.saS.f asi
zomavs calkeuli konkretuli dasaxelebis saqonlis erTeulis
I vaWr.pir. 
I imp.saS.fa si
fasis dinamikas Semdegi formulis gamoyenebiT:

p1 sadac, I vaWr.pir. - ,,vaWrobis pirobebis~ indeqsia;

ip 
p0 I eqsp.saS.f asi - eqsportis saSualo fasis indeqsi;

I imp.saS.fa si - importis saSualo fasis indeqsi.

sadac ip - fasis individualuri indeqsia;
mocemul indeqsebze ar moqmedebs sagareo vaWrobis
p1 da p0 - saqonlis erTeulis fasia saangariSo da saldo dadebiTia Tu uaryofiTi. mas ver cvlis, agreTve,
sabaziso periodebSi. valutis kursis cvalebadoba da amitom is Sesadarisia
sxvadasxva qveynebisaTvis da gamoiyeneba saTanado saanalizo
calkeuli jgufis saqonlis saSualo fasis indeqsi ip miznebisaTvis.
gamoisaxeba formuliT: Tu ,,vaWrobis pirobebis~ indeqsi erTis tolia, maSin
ityvian, rom ,,vaWrobis pirobebi~ saangariSo periodSi iseTive

Ip 
q p 1 1
iyo, rogorc sabaziso periodSi, Tu erTze naklebia, maSin
saangariSo periodSi sabazisosTan SedarebiT gvqonda
q p 1 0 araxelsayreli ,,vaWrobis pirobebi ~, xolo Tu indeqsi metia
erTze, maSin mocemul periodSi gacilebiT xelsayreli
,,vaWrobis pirobebi~ gvqonia. magaliTad, Tu ,,vaWrobis
sadac q1 da q0 mocemuli jgufis saqonlis fizikuri pirobebis~ indeqsma ama Tu im periodSi mocemuli qveynisaTvis
moculobaa saangariSo da sabaziso periodebSi. Seadgina 1,03, maSin ,,vaWrobis pirobebis~ gaumjobesebis Sedegad
mocemuli qveyana sagareo vaWrobis saqonelbrunvis yovel 100
savaluto erTeulze Rebulobs damatebiT mogebas 3 savaluto
erTeuliT an piriqiT, maSin wagebas Rebulobs yovel 100
savaluto erTeulze 3 savaluto erTeuls.
220 221

geografiuli ganlagebis statistika 1. Seiswavlos TiToeul qveyanasTan ekonomikur

kavSirurTierTobaTa moculoba rogorc eqsport-importis, ise
sagareo vaWrobis da sxva sagareo ekonomikur mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis, safinanso-savalutro,
kavSirurTierTobaTa geografiuli (teritoriuli) ganlagebis sakredito da sxva saxis saqmianobis sferoSi;
qveS igulisxmeba qveynis SigniT da sazRvargareT ekonomikurad 2. daadginos eqsport-importis saldo da sagareo
aqtiuri raionebis teritoriuli ganlagebis upiratesobaTa ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa sxva saxis saqmianobis
gamoyeneba sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa maqsimaluri efeqtianoba saxelmwifo-partniorebisa da geografiuli
ekonomikuri efeqtianobis miRebis mizniT. sagareo ekonomikur raionebis mixedviT;
kavSirurTierTobaTa teritoriuli ganlagebis ekonomikur 3. Seiswavlos ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa
safuZvels warmoadgens sawarmoo ZalTa ganlageba da aqedan struqtura da dinamika geografiuli adgilmdebareobisa da
gamomdinare optimaluri saeqsporto da saimporto satransporto kavSirurTierTobaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
partniorebis SerCeva. sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa ucxo saxelmwifoebTan sagareo ekonomikur
swori geografiuli ganlageba xels uwyobs ucxo kavSirurTierTobaTa Sesaxeb swori monacemebis Segroveba da
saxelmwifoebTan ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis Semdegom damuSaveba statistikuri saqmianobis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani
gaRrmavebas, saqonelbrunvis teritoriuli ganawilebis sferoa. am mimarTulebiT did mniSvnelobas iZens eqsport-
gaumjobesebas qveynis bunebrivi ekonomikuri Taviseburebebis importis da sxva saxis sagareo-ekonomikis urTierTobaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT da sxva metad mniSvnelovani amocanebis statistikuri Seswavlis meTodologiis damuSaveba
gadawyvetas. sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa swori geografiuli ganlagebis mixedviT. aq gamoiyofa oTxi jgufis
geografiuli ganlagebis obieqturi winamZRvaria saxelmwifo- qveyana: pirveli - damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa kavSiris
partniorebis teritoriuli mdebareoba, maTi ganviTarebis qveynebi; meore - evropis ganviTarebadi qveynebi; mesame -
bunebrivi pirobebi, ekonomikis yvela dargSi (mrewvelobis, ganviTarebuli kapitalisturi qveynebi da meoTxe - aziisa da
soflis meurneoba, mecnierul-teqnikuri progresi, ganaTleba, afrikis ganviTarebadi saxelmwifoebi.
kultura da a.S.) miRwevebi, mdgomareoba mosoflio saerTaSoriso vaWrobis statistikam SeimuSava importisa
saerTaSoriso ekonomikur urTierTobaTa sistemaSi da sxva. da eqsportis teritoriuli ganawilebis sami meTodi. pirveli
sagareo ekonomikur urTierTobaTa teritorituli ganlagebis meTodis gamomyenebeli qveynebi saeqsporto saqonels anawileben
sakiTxebis marTvisa da organizaciis saqmeSi gamoiyeneba daniSnulebis (moxmarebis), xolo saimporto saqonels -
ekonomikuri geografiis fuZemdebluri debulebani sawarmoo warmoSobis (warmoebis) punqtebis mixedviT. am meTods qveynebis
ZalTa ganlagebis, Sromis sazogadoebrivi danawilebis, Zalian didi nawili gamoiyenebs. misi universaloba masSi
ekonomikis Sigaraionul dargTa SeTanawyobis, agreTve, mdgomareobs, rom is moicavs yvela qveyana-mwarmoebelsa da
Sigaraionuli da saraionTaSoriso ekonomikuri kavSirebis qveyana-momxmarebels. meore meTodis gamomyenebeli
Sesaxeb. saxelmwifoebi eqsport-importis saqonels anawileben mxolod
statistikis ZiriTadi amocanebi sagareo ekonomikur kontraqtze xelis momweri qveynebis mixedviT. aseTi qveynebis
kavSirurTierTobaTa geografiis Seswavlis saqmeSi mdgomareobs ricxvi SedarebiT mcirea, vinaidan statistikur aRricxvaSi
SemdegSi: warmoiSoba rigi problelmebi. Znelia winaswar sagareo
222 223

ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa geografiuli ganlageba saxis gadasaxadebis pirobebi, xolo sakredito SeTanxmebani
ganisazRvros kontraqtze xelmoweris adgilis mixedviT. moicavs kreditis moculobas, procentebis ganakveTebs,
gamyidveli da myidveli kontraqtze xelis moweris kreditis ukan dabrunebis vadebs da sxva. SeTanxmebebis garda
adgilad irCevs maTTvis mosaxerxebel punqts. aseTi punqti savaWro-politikur praqtikaSi gamoiyeneba, agreTve, savaWro
SeiZleba iyos saqonlis gamyidveli, an mesame romelime qveyana, xelSekruleba, romelSiac aisaxeba sabaJo gadasaxadebis
romelsac araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs savaWro sistema, gadazidvebis tarifebi da sxva. savaWro SeTanxmebisagan
xelSekrulebasTan. aseTi winaswar ganusazRvreloba gavlenas gansxvavebiT savaWro xelSekrulebaSi araa naCvenebi sasaqonlo
axdens sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa geografiuli nomenklatura, saqonelbrunvis moculoba da a.S.
ganlagebis prognozirebaze. saerTaSoriso ekonomikur valdebulebaTa statistikis
sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobaTa geografiuli amocanebia raodenobrivad daaxasiaTos am valdebulebaTa
ganlagebis mesame meTodis gamomyenebeli qveynebi urTierTobas realizaciis procesi, aCvenos maTi struqtura saxeobaTa
teritoriul WrilSi ageben savaWro xelSekrulebaTa mixedviT. mixedviT da dinamika wlebis mixedviT.
savaWro xelSekrulebani daideba savaWro SeTanxmebaTa am monacemebis safuZvelze statistika amuSavebs
safuZvelze da aisaxeba geografiul ganlagebaSi. SefardebiT maCveneblebs, romelTa daxmarebiT warmoebs
valdebulebaTa Sesrulebis kontroli vadebisa da
kontraqtebis mixedviT. gansakuTrebiT did mniSvnelobas,
saerTaSoriso ekonomikur valdebulebaTa ukanasknel periodSi, iZens grZelvadiani SeTanxmebebis
statistika Sesrulebis kontroli, rac statistikis erT-erTi
mniSvnelovani amocanaa. saqonlis nomenklatura da asortimenti
sagareo ekonomikuri kavSirurTierTobebi rogorc wesi grZelvadian valdebulebaTa mixedviT wlebis mixedviT SeiZleba
aigeba saxelmwifoTa Soris garkveul SeTanxmebebze. es Seicvalos. es cvalebadobani formdeba yovelwliur erTobliv
SeTanxmebani ori saxisaa: savaWro da ekonomikuri. savaWro oqmebSi, romlebsac statistika iyenebs urTierTvaldebulebaTa
SeTanxmebani - saqonlis gacvlas exeba urTierTxelsayrel Sesrulebis kontrolisa da SemowmebisaTvis.
pirobebSi, xolo ekonomikuri - mecnierul-teqnikur
TanamSromlobas, specializaciisa da kooperirebis ganviTarebas, sagadamxdelo balansi
kreditebisa da sxva saxis sesxebis miRebas da a.S. savaWro da
ekonomikur SeTanxmebebs erTmaneTTan mWidro urTierTkavSiri sagadamxdelo balansi qveynis sagareo ekonomikur
aqvT. ekonomikuri SeTanxmebebis realizacia Zalian xSirad kavSirurTierTobaTa safinanso statistikis erT-erTi
aisaxeba savaWro SeTanxmebebSi. mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi. misi
sagareo ekonomikur kavSirurTierTobebSi SeTanxmebani cneba pirvelad SemoRebul iqna jer kidev 1967 wels j.
sxvadasxva saxisaa. savaWro SeTanxmebebs garda, romlebSiac stiuartis mier.
saqonelbrunva aisaxeba uSualod, arsebobs sagadamxdelo sagadamxdelo balansi mocemuli qveynis gare samyaros an
SeTanxmebani, sakredito SeTanxmebani da a.S. sagadamxdelo safinanso urTierTobis amsaxveli dokumentia. am urTierTobebs
SeTanxmebebSi aisaxeba urTierTsavaWro garigebebSi sxvadasxva gansazRvravs drois mocemul periodSi an momentSi qveynis mier
224 225

faqtobrivi gadasaxdelebi sxva qveynebis mimarT da sxva magaliTad saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebiT
qveynebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi. 2005-2009 wlis monacemebiT saqarTvelos sagadamxdelo
sagadamxdelo balansi moicavs mimdinare da kapitalur balansi ase gamoiyureba:
operaciebs. mimdinare operaciebi moicavs savaWro, agreTve,
,,uxilav operaciaTa~ balansebs. savaWro balansSi aisaxeba
eqsport-importis operaciebi, xolo ,,uxilav operaciebSi~ -
gadasaxdelebi da Semosulobani transportis, safosto,
satelegrafo da satelefono momsaxurebis, turizmis,
investiciebis, procentebis da dividendebis, kulturuli
gacvlis da sxva dargebSi.
ganviTarebadi qveynebis sagadamxdelo balansebSi didi
xvedriTi wiliT gamoirCeva kapitaluri operaciebi anu
investiciebi, rac niSnavs mogebis miRebis mizniT sxva qveynebis
teritoriaze kapitaluri dabandebis gaRebas axali warmoebis
mSeneblobis an moqmedis - rekonstruqcia-gafarToebis
mimarTulebiT.
gaarCeven sami saxis investiciebs: xangrZlivi dabandebani
warmoebis sferoSi, safinanso-sakredito saqmianoba da fasiani
qaRaldebi, agreTve, inteleqtualuri (specialistebis
momzadeba, mecnieruli an teqnikuri gamocdilebis gadacema da
sxva).
sagadasamxdelo balansis agebis principi mdgomareobs
masSi, rom TviTeuli operacia tardeba ormagi Caweris wesiT.
es imas niSnavs, rom operacia aisaxeba erTi angariSis kreditSi
(dadebiTi niSniT), xolo meore angariSis - debetSi (uaryofiTi
niSniT). mocemuli forma iZleva sagadasamxdelo balansis
aqtiurobis an pasiurobis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas. aqtiuria
is, Tu qveynis Semosavlebi aWarbebs gadasaxadebs, xolo
pasiuria - Tu gadasaxadebi sxva qveynebis mimarT aWarbebs sxva
qveynebidan Semosavlebs. pasiuri balansis SemTxvevaSi izrdeba
sagareo vali, ecema erovnuli valutis kursi, mcirdeba oqros
maragebi da a.S. amitom sagadamxdelo balansis wonasworobis
miRweva qveynis ekonomikisa da savaluto-safinanso
mdgomareobis gajansaRebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa.
226 227

Tema 10. erovnul angariSTa sistema

9erovnuli angariSebis sistema (eas) erovnul ekonomikaSi

warmoebis, Semosavlebis formirebis, misi ganawilebis,
gadanawilebisa da gamoyenebis, nakadebisa da balansebis
maCvenebelTa logikurad Tanamimdevrul, saerTaSoriso doneze
SeTanxmebul angariSebisa da cxrilebis sistemas warmoadgens.
igi moicavs instituciur seqtorebs Soris (m.S.
sazRvargareTTan) ekonomikuri operaciebis maCvenebelebis am
angariSebsa da cxrilebSi aRricxvas.
eas-Si aRiricxeba drois standartul monakveTebSi –
kvartalSi, weliwadSi qveynis ekonomikis mimdinare da wina
periodebTan SedarebiT ganviTarebis tendenciebis maxasiaTebeli
maCveneblebi.
amrigad, eas asaxavs erovnuli ekonomikis umTavres operaciebs
ekonomikis seqtorebs Soris, danarCen msofliosTan
ekonomikuri operaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, qveynis ekonomikaSi
warmoebis, Semosavlebisa da maTi gamoyenebis ganxorcielebis
Sedegebs. yvela es ekonomikuri operacia warmodgenilia
Sesabamisi nakadebisa da sabalanso mdgomareobis
damaxasiaTebeli cxrilebisa da makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis
sistemis saxiT.
eas mTavari informaciuli instrumentia qveynis
ekonomikuri politikis SemuSavebisa da misi ganxorcielebis
efeqtianobis monitoringisaTvis. erovnuli angariSebis sistemas
safuZvlad udevs qveynis ekonomikis mTlianobaSi warmodgenis
principi, romelic amave dros danarCen msoflios
mravalferovani saerTaSoriso operaciebiT ukavSirdeba.
saqarTvelos erovnuli angariSebis meTodur safuZvels
warmoadgens gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis,
evrokomisiis statistikuri samsaxuris, ekonomikuri
TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis,
msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis mier
228 229

rekomendebuli erovnul angariSTa 1993 wlis sistemis (SNA- gasayidad Sinameurneobebis kuTvnili arakorporirebuli
93) standartuli meTodologia. warmoebis),
Sefasebebis principebi faruli (gadasaxadebis gadaxdis Tavis aridebis mizniT) da
eas-Si ekonomikuri operaciebis aRricxva xdeba maTi arakanonieri warmoebis Sefasebebs.
ganxorcielebis momentisaTvis arsebuli saqonlisa da mTliani gamoSveba aris drois garkveuli periodis (ufro
momsaxurebis mimdinare sabazro fasebSi. ekonomikuri xSirad erTi wlis an kvartalis) ganmavlobaSi erovnuli
operaciebis aRricxva xdeba daricxvis meTodiT, ekonomikuri ekonomikis mier warmoebuli produqtebisa da momsaxurebis
operacia fiqsirdeba im momentisaTvis, rodesac am operaciebis erToblioba sabazro fasebSi.
monawile subieqtTa Soris orive mxaris SeTanxmebiT warmoiqmna saqonlis warmoeba moicavs saqmianobis iseT saxeebs, rogoricaa
aqtivis miwodebisa da Sesabamisi kompensaciis mrewveloba, soflis meurneoba, nadiroba da satyeo meurneoba,
urTierTvaldebulebebi, miuxedavad imisa, iyo Tu ara am TevzWera, mSenebloba, xolo momsaxureba transports,
momentSi es valdebulebebi praqtikulad ganxorcielebuli. kavSirgabmulobas, vaWrobas, ganaTlebas, jandacvas, safinanso
mSp-is mudmiv fasebSi gadayvana saqarTveloSi saqmianobas da sxv.
jerjerobiT warmoebs mxolod warmoebis mixedviT Sualeduri moxmareba Sedgeba im saqonlisa da
gaangariSebuli maCveneblebis mixedviT. momsaxurebis Rirebulebisagan, romelic mTlianad moixmareba
ZiriTadi angariSebi warmoebis procesSi. Sualeduri moxmarebis SemadgenlobaSi ar
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis angariSis resursebis aRiricxeba ZiriTadi kapitalis moxmareba.
nawilSi aisaxeba saqonlisa da momsaxurebis mTliani gamoSveba, mTliani damatebuli Rirebuleba warmoadgens sxvaobas
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis importi da wminda gadasaxadebi warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebasa (mTliani
(gadasaxadebs minus subsidiebi), xolo gamoyenebis nawilSi – gamoSveba) da Sualedur moxmarebas Soris.
Sualeduri moxmareba, termini `mTliani” niSnavs, rom maCvenebeli moicavs
saboloo moxmarebis xarjebi, ZiriTadi kapitalis formireba, warmoebis procesSi monawile ZiriTadi kapitalis moxmarebas
sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis cvlilebebi da eqsporti. (fizikur da moralur cveTas).
formalurad, es angariSi warmodgenilia imgvarad, rom misi gadasaxadebi produqciasa da importze (produqciaze
resursebisa da gamoyenebis mxareebi erTmaneTis tolia. gadasaxadebi) – savaldebulo daubrunebeli gadasaxdelebi,
warmoebis angariSi asaxavs uSualod warmoebis procesTan romelic daricxulia saxelmwifos mier sawarmoo erTeulebis
dakavSirebul operaciebs. eas-93-is aucilebeli moTxovnaa mier warmoebuli saqonlisa da momsaxurebis an importis
gaangariSebebSi instituciuri erTeulebis ekonomikuri moculobis proporciulad, produqciaze gadasaxadebs
saqmianobis Sedegebis sruli mocva. maT Soris sruli miekuTvnebian: damatebuli Rirebulebis, aqcizuri, importze da
moculobiT gaiTvaliswineba statistikur aRricxvas sabaJo gadasaxadebi.
dauqvemdebarebeli e. w. `daukvirvebadi ekonomikuri saqmianoba”. sxva gadasaxdebi warmoebaze dakavSirebulia warmoebis
am principebidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos erovnuli faqtorebis (Sroma, miwa, kapitali) gamoyenebasTan. maTSi
angariSebi moicaven araformaluri (sakuTari moxmarebis an agreTve Sedis gadasaxdelebi licenziebisaTvis. subsidiebi
warmoebasa da eqsport-importze – saxelmwifos mier gacemuli
230 231

mimdinare, usasyidlo, daubrunebeli gadaxdebi, romlebic saqmianobis saxis Sesabamisi fasebis indeqsiT an produqciis
garkveuli ekonomikuri da socialuri politikis gatarebis moculobis naturaluri maCveneblebiT gaangariSebuli
mizniT eZlevaT sawarmoo erTeulebs im danakargebisaTvis, indeqsebis meSveobiT.
romelic warmoiSoba maSin, rodesac warmoebuli produqciis 2003 wlidan mSp-is mudmiv fasebSi gadayvana xdeba
gasayidi fasi warmoebis saSualo danaxarjebze dabalia. ufro srulyofili meTodiT –ormagi deflaciiT. es
termini `wminda gadasaxadebi” niSnavs, rom gadasaxadebi xorcieldeba fasebis Sesabamisi indeqsebis meSveobiT saqmianobis
naCvenebia Sesabamisi subsidiebis gamoklebiT. saxeebis mixedviT mTliani gamoSvebisa da Sualeduri moxmarebis
mTliani Sida produqti (mSp) erovnul angariSTa cal-calke deflirebiT da Semdeg maTi sxvaobis gamoTvliT.
sistemis erT-erTi ZiriTadi maCvenebelia. misi gaangariSeba mTliani erovnuli Semosavali (meS) aris rezidentebis
warmoebs sami meTodiT: mier qveynis ekonomikur teritoriaze da danarCeni msofliodan
• warmoebis meTodiT mSp (sabazo fasebSi) izomeba rezidenti daricxuli pirveladi (xelfasi, mogeba, Sereuli Semosavlebi)
ekonomikuri da sakuTrebidan (dividendebi, renta) wminda (misaRebi gasacemis
erTeulebis mier sawarmoo saqmianobis Sedegad Seqmnili gamoklebiT)
mTliani damatebuli Rirebulebebis SejamebiT. sabazo fasebSi Semosavlebis jami. raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT meS mSp-sgan
Sefasebul mSp-ze produqtebze wminda gadasaxadebis damatebiT gansxvavdeba sazRvargareT gasacemi da miRebuli pirveladi
miiReba mTliani Sida produqti sabazro fasebSi. Semosavlebis saldos sididiT.
• mSp ganisazRvreba agreTve rogorc saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sazRvargareT gasacemi da miRebuli pirveladi
warmoebis procesSi monawile rezidenti erTeulebis pirveladi Semosavlebi yalibdeba rezidenti erTeulebis mier mSp-is
Semosavlebis jami: Sromis anazRaurebis, produqciasa da warmoebis procesSi Seqmnili Rirebulebebis pirveladi
importze wminda gadasaxadebis, mTliani mogebisa da mTliani ganawilebis procesSi. masSi Sedis: Sromis anazRaureba, wminda
Sereuli Semosavlebis SejamebiT. gadasaxadebi warmoebasa da importze,
• saboloo moxmarebis xarjebis meTodiT gaangariSebuli mSp mTliani mogeba, mTliani Sereuli Semosavlebi da Semosavlebi
warmoadgens saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saboloo moxmarebis sakuTrebidan. Semosavlebi sakuTrebidan – instituciuri
xarjebis, mTliani dagrovebisa da wminda eqsportis (eqsports erTeulebis mier finansuri da arafinansuri materialuri
minus importi) jams. aqtivebis gamosayeneblad gadacemis Sedegad daricxuli
sxvadasxva meTodiT gaangariSebuli mTliani Sida produqtis Semosavlebi. maT miekuTvneba saprocento Semosavlebi,
moculobebi SeiZleba erTmaneTs ar emTxveodes, radganac maTi dividendebi, renta da aseTive saxis sxva Semosavlebi
informaciuli wyaroebi gansxvavebulia. gansxvaveba sakuTrebidan.
iwereba striqonSi `statistikuri gansxvaveba”. erovnuli mTliani gankargvadi Semosavali aris mTliani
mSp-is mudmiv fasebSi gadayvana 2003 wlamde xdeboda erovnuli Semosavlisa da qveynis rezidentebis mier danarCeni
erTmagi deflaciiT – saqmianobis saxis mixedviT mimdinare msofliodan miRebuli mimdinare wminda (misaRebi gasacemis
fasebSi gaangariSebuli mTliani damatebuli Rirebulebis gamoklebiT) transfertebis jami. es aris Semosavlebi,
gadafasebiT romelTac gankargaven
rezidentebi saboloo moxmarebisaTvis da danazogebisaTvis.
232 233

mimdinare transfertebi – mimdinare operaciebi, momsaxureba ganaTlebis, janmrTelobis dacvis, kulturis

romelTa drosac erTi instituciuri erTeuli meores sferoSi.
gadascems saqonels, momsaxurebas an aqtivebs raime sanacvlo saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebis xarjebi koleqtiur
ekvivalentis miRebis gareSe. aseTi operaciebi warmoebs rogorc momsaxurebaze – saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebuli ufaso
fuladi, ise naturaluri formiT. momsaxureba ara calkeuli SinameurneobebisaTvis, aramed mTeli
kapitaluri transfertebi – operaciebi, romelTa sazogadoebisaTvis an mosaxleobis garkveuli jgufisaTvis. am
drosac instituciuri erTeuli meore erTeuls usasyidlod maCvenebelSi Sedis
gadascems aqtivebs fuladi an naturaluri saxiT (rogorc Tavdacvis, saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis, arasabazro mecnierebis
wesi, sainvesticio mizniT). kapitaluri transfertebi da sxva xarjebi.
Cveulebriv erTdroulia da mniSvnelovani Sinameurneobebis momsaxure kerZo arakomerciuli
sididisaa. maTSive Sedis kapitalze gadasaxadebi, sainvesticio organizaciebis (Smako) xarjebi saboloo moxmarebaze –
subsidiebi, sxva kapitaluri transfertebi (memkvidreobis pirobiTad miRebulia, rom es organizaciebi (politikuri
miReba, zaralis patieba da sxv.). partiebi, religiuri organizaciebi, profkavSirebi,
mTliani mogeba da Sereuli Semosavlebi – mTliani sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi) ewevian mxolod individualur
damatebuli Rirebulebis nawili, romelic rCeba mwarmoeblebs momsaxurebas.
(korporaciebs) Sromis anazRaurebisa da warmoebaze wminda mTliani erovnuli danazogi – mTliani erovnuli
gadasaxadebis gadaxdis Semdeg. mTliani Sereuli Semosavlebi – gankargvadi Semosavlis nawili, romelic ar ixarjeba
Sinameurneobebis sakuTrebaSi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis saboloo moxmarebaze.
arsebuli arakorporaciuli sawarmoebisTvis, sadac mTliani dagroveba – moicavs ZiriTadi kapitalis
Sinameurneobebs SeuZliaT awarmoon gadauxdeli SromiTi mTlian dagrovebas, materialuri sabrunavi saSualebebis
danaxarjebi. igi moicavs rogorc SinameurneobaTa SromiT maragebis cvlilebas da faseulobaTa wminda cvlilebas.
anazRaurebas, ise am sawarmoTa mogebas. ZiriTadi kapitalis mTliani dagroveba – ZiriTadi
wminda mogeba da wminda Sereuli Semosavlebi kapitalis obieqtebSi Cadebuli saxsrebi momavalSi axali
utoldeba mTlian mogebas da mTlian Sereul mogebas ZiriTadi Semosavlebis miRebisaTvis maTi warmoebaSi gamoyenebis gziT.
kapitalis moxmarebis gamoklebiT. ZiriTadi kapitali – warmoebis Sedegad miRebuli an
danaxarjebi saboloo moxmarebaze – Sinameurneobebis arawarmoebuli aqtivebi, romlebic mravaljeradad, Cveulebriv
danaxarjebi samomxmareblo saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze, agreTve erT welze met periodSi gamoiyeneba warmoebis procesSi.
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebis da Sinameurneobebis materialuri sabrunavi saSualebebis maragebis
momsaxure kerZo arakomerciul organizaciaTa (Smako) cvlileba moicavs sawarmoo maragebis Rirebulebis cvlilebas,
danaxarjebi individualuri da sazogadoebrivi moxmarebis daumTavrebel warmoebas, mza produqciasa da saqonels Semdgomi
saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze. gayidvisaTvis.
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organoebis xarjebi individualuri faseulobaTa wminda SeZena – SeZena aqtivebis gayidvis
moxmarebis saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze – saxelmwifo gamoklebiT, SeZena, rogorc Rirebulebis SenarCunebis
biujetidan dafinansebuli mosaxleobisaTvis gaweuli ufaso
234 235

saSualeba: Zvirfasi liTonebisa da qvebis, antikvaruli

nakeTobebisa, saxviTi xelovnebis nimuSebisa da koleqciebis. gamoyeneba resursebi
wminda dakrediteba(+) an wminda sesxeba(-) – gadameteba 1. y1 1. x1
an deficiti investiciebis dafinansebis wyaroebsa da
arafinansuri aqtivebis wminda SeZenis xarjebs Soris. mTlianad 2. y2 2. x2
ekonomikis masStabiT wminda dakrediteba an wminda davalianeba 3. y3 3. x3
gviCvenebs resursebis . .
moculobas, romelic gadasca qveyanam `danarCen samyaros” da . .
piriqiT.
m. M y m n. xn
saqonlisa da momsaxurebis eqsporti da importi
moicavs mocemuli qveynis saeqsporto da saimporto operaciebs sul gamoyeneba sul resursebi
sxva qveynebTan. saqonlis eqsporti da importi – qveynis ( y1  y 2    y n ) ( x1  x2    xn )
sazRvars gareT gatanili an qveyanaSi Semotanili saqonlis
Rirebuleba. momsaxurebis eqsporti da importi moicavs raodenobrivad resursebisa da gamoyenebis mxares
satransporto momsaxurebas, turizms, komunikaciebs, abalansebs gamoyenebiTi mxaris bolo me- m muxli, romelsac
samSeneblo sabalanso muxls uwodeben
momsaxurebas, sadazRvevo, finansur, kompiuterul da
 n m

informaciul momsaxurebas, reklamas da momsaxurebis sxva   xi   y i 
saxeebs. wminda eqsporti ganisazRvreba rogorc sxvaoba  i 1 i 1 
eqsportsa da imports Soris. aseTi formis angariSebi dgeba ekonomikis calkeul
`danarCen samyarosTan” mimdinare operaciebis saldo – dargebisa da seqtorebis mixedviT, ris safuZvelzec warmoebs
damabalansebeli muxli pirveladi Semosavlebisa da mimdinare maTi Sejameba da mTeli ekonomikis konsovidirebul
transfertebis angariSisa sagareo ekonomikuri urTierTobebis (gaerTianebul) angariSTa sistemis Seqmna.
angariSSi. igi ganisazRvreba Semdegi wesiT: saqonlisa da mTeli ekonomikis konsolidirebuli erovnul angariSTa
momsaxurebis saldos emateba pirveladi Semosavlebi da sistema moicavs rogorc saSinao, aseve sagareo ekonomikur
mimdinare transfertebi miRebuli sxva qveynebidan da akldeba kavSirurTierTobebs. am sistemaSi ganixileba Svidi
pirveladi Semosavlebi da mimdinare transfertebi gadaxdili urTierTdakavSirebuli angariSi.
sxva qveynebisaTvis. esenia:
erovnuli angariSis zogadi sqema ase SeiZleba 1. warmoebis angariSi
warmovadginoT: Semosavlebis warmoqmnis angariSi
Semosavlebis pirveladi ganawilebis angariSi
Semosavlebis gadanawilebis angariSi
Semosavlebis gamoyenebis angariSi
kapitaluri danaxarjebis angariSi
236 237

safinanso angariSi

erovnuli angariSebi da maTi sabalanso IV.Semosavlebis 3. `sxva 1. mTliani 1+2-3=4

urTierTkavSirebi gadanawilebis samyarosTvis~ erovnuli (mTliani
angariSi gadacemuli Semosavlebi erovnuli
mimdinare (mTliani erovnuli gankargviTi
transfertebi Semosavlebi) Semosavali)
angariSebi gamoyeneba resursebi sabalanso 4. mTliani 2. `sxva samyarodan~
muxlebi maTi gankargviTi miRebuli
gaangariSebis erovnuli mimdinare
wesi Semosavlebi transfertebi
I. warmoebis 2. Sualeduri 1. mTliani 1-2=3
angariSi moxmareba gamoSveba (mTliani V. mTliani 2. danaxarjebi 1. mTliani 1-2=3
Sida produqti) gankargviTi saboloo gankargviTi (mTliani
3.mTliani erovnuli moxmarebaze erovnuli erovnuli
damatebuli Semosavlis 3. mTliani Semosavali danazogebi)
Rirebuleba angariSi erovnuli
(mTliani danazogebi
Sida produqti) VI. kapitaluri 3. 1. mTliani 1+2-3-4-5=6
II.Semosavlebis 2. Sromis 1.mTliani 1-2-(3-4)=5 operaciebis `sxva erovnuli (wminda
warmoqmnis anazRaureba damatebuli mTliani mogeba angariSi samyarosTvis~ danazogebi dakrediteba
angariSi 3. wminda Rirebuleba (mTliani gadacemuli 2. an
gadasaxadebi (mTliani Sereuli kapitaluri `sxva samyarodan~ wminda
warmoebaze Sida produqti) Semosavlebi) transfertebi miRebuli sesxeba)
4. subsidiebi 4. ZiriTadi kapitaluri
5. mTliani mogeba kapitalis transfertebi
(mTliani Sereuli dagroveba
Semosavlebi) 5. materialuri
III. 5. `sxva 1. mTliani 1+2+3+4-5=6 maragebis
Semosavlebis samyarosTvis~ mogeba cvlilebani
pirveladi gadacemuli (mTliani (mTliani mateba (+),
ganawilebis sakuTrebidan Sereuli erovnuli kleba (-)
angariSi Semosavlebi Semosavlebi) Semosavlebi) 6. wminda
6. pirveladi 2.sakuTrebidan dakrediteba (+)
Semosavlebis Semosavlebi an sesxeba (-)
saldo 3.Sromis VII. safinanso 3. safinanso 1. wminda
(mTliani erovnuli anazRaureba angariSi aqtivebis dakrediteba (+)
Semosavlebi) 4.wminda SeZena an sesxeba (-)
gadasaxadebi 2.safinanso
warmoebaze valdebulebaTa
aReba
238 239

statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT saqarTvelos erovnuli

mTliani Sida produqti (mSp)
angariSebis agregatebi2004-2008 wlebSi mimdinare fasebSi (milion larebSi)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 maTgan mTavaria: mTliani Sida produqti, mTliani
mSp 9 824.3 11 620.9 13 789.9 16 993.8 19 069.6 erovnuli Semosavali da erovnuli simdidre. mTliani Sida
(+)pirveldi Semosavlebis 478.2 477.6 598.5 803.4 732.5
produqti ewodeba mocemuli qveynis teritoriaze warmoebuli
miReba danarCeni saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebas sabazro fasebSi.
msofliodan
(-)pirveldi Semosavlebis 297.7 306.8 286.0 736.8 871.9
es makroekonomikuri maCvenebeli gansazRvravs qveynis
gadaxda danarCeni ekonomikuri ganviTarebis potencials, mosaxleobis cxovrebis
msofliosaTvis
(=)mTliani erovnuli 10 004.9 11 791.7 14 102.4 17 060.5 18 930.2
dones da sxva metad mniSvnelovan indikatorebs.
Semosavali mas ewodeba ,,mTliani~ imis gamo, rom igi praqtikulad
moicavs, agreTve, momxmarebuli kapitalis Rirebulebasac
(-)ZiriTadi kapitalis moxmareba 976.8 1113.5 1306.4 1 617.0 1 750.2
saamortizacio anaricxebis saxiT (Teoriulad ki is am
(=)wminda erovnuli Semosavali 9028.0 10678.3 12796.1 15 443.4 17 180.0 danaxarjebis gamoTiSviT unda iqnas adgenili, romelsac wminda
(+)mimdinare transfertebis 881.4 747.9 1 029.1 1 280.2 1 722.4 Sida produqts uwodeben).
miReba ,,Sida~ ewodeba mas imis gamo, rom igi warmoebulia
sazRvargareTidan
(-)mimdinare transfertebis 97.9 98.5 111.7 133.7 122.1 mocemuli qveynis teritoriaze rezidentebis mier (sityva
gacema ,,rezidenti~ laTinuri warmoSobisaa da mjdomares niSnavs.
sazRvargareT
(=)wminda erovnuli gnkargvadi 9811.5 11327.7 13 713.4 16 589.9 18 780.3
rezidentebs miekuTvneba ekonomikuri erTeulebi, romelTa
Semosavali ekonomikuri interesebis centri mocemuli qveynis
(-)saboloo moxmareba 8 573.8 9 794.1 12 972.0 15 731.9 18 913.2
teritoriazea, maT Soris ucxo qveynis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli
aqtivebic) da ar iTvaliswinebs mocemuli qveynis moqalaqeebis
(=)wminda danazogi 1237.7 1533.6 741.5 858.0 -132.9 mier ucxoeTSi Seqmnil Rirebulebas.
(+)kapitaluri transfertebis 83.7 113.4 301.3 213.3 158.0 ekonomikaSi cnobilia mTliani Sida produqtis
miReba sazRvargareTidan gaangariSebis sami meTodi;
(-)kapitaluri transfertebis 6.7 5.4 1.9 0.5 0.2
gacema sazRvargareT sawarmoo (ekonomikis yvela dargsa da seqtorSi Seqmnili
(=)kapitalis wminda 1 314.8 1641.5 1 040.9 1 070.8 24.9 damatebuli Rireblebis jamis saxiT), saboloo moxmarebis
Rirebulebis cvlileba
danazogebisa da kapitaluri
(saboloo moxmarebis komponentebis jamis saxiT) da
transfertebis Sedegad ganawilebiT (pirveladi Semosavlebis SejamebiT) meTodebi.
(-)mTliani kapitalis formireba 3 134.8 3 891.5 4 255.3 5 447.5 5 148.8
amasTan pirvelad SemosavlebSi Seitaneba yvela saxis
(+)ZiriTadi kapitalis moxmareba 976.8 1 113.5 1 306.4 1 617.0 1 750.2 anazRaureba (xelfasi, premiebi, naturaluri anazRaureba da
sxv.), socdazRvevis anaricxebi xelfasze, gadasaxadebi
(-)statistikuri gansxvaveba -250. 8 6.0 -106.9 359.3 544.9
warmoebasa da importze subsidiebis gamoklebiT (romlebsac
(=)wminda dakrediteba(+), -592.3 -1 142.6 -1 801.1 -3 119.0 -3 918.6 saxelmwifo iRebs warmoebis faqtorebis gamoyenebisaTvis),
minda sesxeba(-)
mTliani mogeba da mTliani Sereuli Semosavlebi.
240 241

saboloo moxmarebaSi aRiricxeba saqonlisa da agreTve, gadasaxadebi warmoebasa da importze) is Tanxaa,

momsaxurebis xarjebi, mTliani dagroveba, agreTve, eqsport- romelsac mocemuli qveynis rezidentebi Rebuloben rogorc
importis saldo (eqsportis gadameteba importze ,,+~, xolo mocemuli qveynis, ise ucxo qveynebis mTliani Sida produqtis
importis gadameteba eqsportze ,,-~). SeqmnaSi monawileobisaTvis.
TavisTavad saqonlisa da momsaxurebis xarjebSi Seitaneba raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT erovnuli Semosavali
SinameurneobaTa saboloo moxmarebaze gaweuli, rogorc gansxvavebulia mTliani Sida produqtis Rirebulebisagan
fuladi ise naturaluri danaxarjebi. ucxoeTidan miRebuli da ucxoeTisaTvis gadacemuli pirveladi
statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT Semosavlebis (sxvaobiT). imis gamo, rom ganviTarebuli qveynebi
saqarTveloSi mTliani Sida produqtis dinamika Semdeg suraTs ucxoeTSi dabandebuli investiciebidan did Semosavals iReben,
iZleva: amitom am qveynis erovnuli Semosavali, rogorc wesi, metia
mTlian Sida produqtze. ekonomiurad CamorCenil qveynebSi ki
piriqiTaa, mTliani Sida produqti metia erovnul Semosavalze.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 erT-erTi mniSvnelovani makroekonomikuri maCvenebelia,
agreTve, erovnuli simdidre.
mSp 8564 9824 11621 13790 16994 19070
mln.lari
erovnuli simdidre

zogadad erovnuli simdidre aris safinanso da

arasafinanso aqtivebis erToblioba drois ama Tu im
erovnuli Semosavali momentisaTvis.
safinanso aqtivebia: monetaluri oqro da misi
qveynis ekonomikuri potencialis mniSvnelovani xeluxlebeli maragebi, depozitebi da valuta, fasiani
maCvenebelia, agreTve, erovnuli Semosavali (,,mTliani~ qaRaldebi (aqciis garda), aqciebi da sxva saxis saaqcio
amortizaciis CaTvliT, xolo ,,wminda~ - amortizaciis kapitali, sadazRvevo teqnikuri rezervebi da sxv.
gamoklebiT). erovnuli Semosavali ewoda ama Tu im periodSi arasafinanso aqtivebSi Sedis warmoebuli (ZiriTadi
mocemuli qveynis rezidentebis mier miRebuli pirveladi kapitali, sabrunavi kapitali, ZviradRirebuli liTonebi,
Semosavlebis jams. igi gansxvavebulia mTliani Sida saiuvilerio nawarmi) da arawarmoebuli aramaterialuri
produqtisagan rogorc raodenobrivad, ise Tvisebrivad. (patentebi, saavtoro uflebebi da sxv.) da materialuri
Tvisebrivi gansxvaveba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tu Sida (bunebrivi resursebi: miwa, wiaRiseuli, tye, wyali da sxv.)
produqti warmoadgens saboloo saqonlisa da momsaxurebis Rirebulebani.
nakadebis anu axlad Seqmnili Rirebulebis (damatebuli aqedan erovnuli simdidris konkretuli ganmarteba ase
Rirebulebis) maxasiaTebels, mTliani erovnuli Semosavali - SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
pirveladi Semosavlebis (Sromis anazRaureba, mogeba, erovnuli simdidre drois ama Tu im mometisaTvis
sakuTrebidan miRebuli dividendebi, procentebi, renta da, ewodeba safinanso da arasafinanso aqtivebis erTobliobas,
242 243

romelic moicavs wina Taobebis mier mocemuli qveynis TviTRirebuleba da tarifebi mcirdeba, riTac bazarze
teritoriasa da mis farglebs gareT Seqmnil materialur da arsebuli konkurenciis pirobebi ukarnaxebs maT ganaaxlon
aramaterialur erovnul qonebas, agreTve gamokvleul da mowyobilobis parki.
ekonomikur brunvaSi moqceul resursebs. erovnuli simdidris ZiriTadi kapitalis Sefaseba warmoebs Tavdapirveli,
Semadgeneli elementebidan didi xvedriTi wiliT gamoirCeva aRdgeniTi da Tavdapirveli an aRdgeniTi RirebulebiT cveTis
ZiriTadi da sabrunavi kapitali, agreTve, bunebrivi resursebi. gamoklebiT.
qveynis ekonomikuri simdidre damokidebulia am elementebis Tavdapirveli Rirebulebaa kapitalis SeZenis,
moculobasa da gamoyenebis efeqtianobaze. amitom statistika transportirebisa da damontaJebis RirebulebaTa jami.
biznesmenebisa da menejerebisaTvis iZleva ZiriTadi da sabrunavi aRdgeniTi Rirebuleba aris ZiriTadi kapitalis
kapitalis moculobis, struqturis, dinamikis, agreTve, Rirebuleba kvlavwarmoebis Tanamedrove pirobebSi. vinaidan
gamoyenebis efeqtianobis naTel suraTs, rac aucilebelia mcirdeba mowyobilobaTa warmoebis TviTRirebuleba, aRdgeniTi
kapitalis menejeruli marTvisaTvis. Rirebuleba, rogorc wesi, naklebia Tavdapirvel Rirebulebaze
(Tumca inflaciuri movlenebis ganviTarebis gamo SeiZleba
ZiriTadi kapitalis statistika piriqiT moxdes).
Tu Tavdapirvel an aRdgeniT RirebulebaT gamovaklebT
ZiriTadi kapitali Sromis iaraRebi da aramaterialuri cveTis Rirebulebas, miviRebT ZiriTadi kapitalis
resursebia, romlebic mravali sawarmoo ciklis ganmavlobaSi aramortizirebul, narCen Rirebulebas.
emsaxurebian produqciis warmoebis, agreTve, momsaxurebis cveTis Rirebuleba ganisazRvreba mowyobilobis
process da TavianTi Rirebuleba gadaaqvT damzadebuli namuSevari wlebisa da saamortizacio anaricxebis normebis
produqciis TviTRirebulebaSi nawil-nawil, cveTis Sesabamisad. mixedviT. ra aris amortizacia? amortizacia ewodeba ZiriTadi
ZiriTadi kapitalis SemadgenlobaSi aRiricxeba Senobebi da kapitalis aRsadgeni Rirebulebis dagrovebas. Tanamedrove
nagebobani, manqanebi da mowyobilobani, satransporto msoflio praqtikaSi gavrcelebulia amortizaciis sami saxeoba:
saSualebani, instrumentebi da inventari, muSa da wrfivi anu mudmivi, daCqarebuli da Senelebuli.
produqtiuli pirutyvi, mravalwliani nargavebi da sxva Tu ZiriTadi kapitalis cveTa mTeli momsaxurebis
ZiriTadi kapitali. periodis ganmavlobaSi warmoebs Tanabrad, maSin amortizaciis
ZiriTadi kapitali ganicdis rogorc fizikur aseve wliur fonds (A)
moralur cveTas. fizikuri cveTaa ZiriTadi kapitalis gansazRvraven formuliT:
fizikuri datvirTvis gamo calkeuli nawilebis mwyobridan
gamosvla, rac moiTxovs rogorc mcire, ise saSualo da
kapitalur remonts. moraluri ewodeba ZiriTadi kapitalis
gaufasurebas imis gamo, rom iwarmoeba ufro maRali CTavd.  C kapr.  Cmod.  Clikv.
warmadobis an dabali TviTRirebulebis manqana-danadgarebi. A
biznesmenebma da menejerebma unda icodnen, rom orTave am t
SemTxvevaSi damzadebuli produqciis (momsaxurebis) erTeulis
244 245

sadac CTavd. - ZiriTadi kapitalis Tavdapirveli Tavdapirvel Rirebulebas biznesmeni amoiRebs ara aT, aramed
xuT weliwadSi. miRebuli TanxebiT biznesmenebs SeuZliaT
Rirebulebaa; SeiZinon axali, maRali teqnikuri ekonomikuri monacemebis
Ckapr. - kapitaluri remontis Rirebulebaa; manqana-iaraRebi da amiT moaxdinon mowyobilobis ganaxleba.
Cmod. - modenizaciis Rirebulebaa; amortizaciis mesame Senelebuli saxeobaa, rac ekonomistebma,
biznesmenebma da menejerebma upriania gamoiyenon ZiriTadi
Clikv. - ZiriTadi kapitalis narCeni Rirebulebaa kapitalis pasiuri nawilis (Senobebi, nagebobani, gadamcemi
mowyobilobani da sxv.) mimarT, romlebsac naklebad emuqrebaT
mwyobridan gamosvlis SemTxvevaSi (salikvidacio Rirebuleba).
moraluri cveTis saSiSroeba. am SemTxvevaSi Tavidan naklebi
t - ZiriTadi kapitalis momsaxurebis welTa raodenobaa.
Tanxebi amoiReba kapitalis Tavdapirveli Rirebulebidan, xolo
amortizaciis wliuri fondis mixedviT (misi
fizikuri cveTis xangrZlivobis gadidebasTan erTad
procentuli SefardebiT Tavdapirvel RirebulebasTan)
TandaTanobiT diddeba saamortizacio anaricxebic.
ganisazRvreba amortizaciis norma (%). mudmivi anu wrfivi
amortizaciis SemTxvevaSi es norma ucvlelia ZiriTadi
kapitalis momsaxurebis mTeli periodis ganmavlobaSi. Tu,
sabrunavi kapitalis statistika
magaliTad, ama Tu im saxis mowyobilobis Tavdapirveli
Rirebulebaa 100,0 aTasi lari da amortizaciis norma 10%,
sabrunavi kapitali warmoebis is saSualebebia
maSin damzadebuli produqciis TviTRirebulebas yovelwliurad
(saxsrebia), romlebic erTi sawarmoo ciklis ganmavlobaSi
daericxeba mowyobilobis Rirebulebis 10%, anu
mTlianad moixmarebian produqciis sawarmoeblad, icvlian
TavianT naturalur formas da Rirebuleba gadaaqvT
100.0 aTasi lari  10
 10.0 aTasi lari damzadebuli produqciis an momsaxurebis TviTRirebulebaSi
100 nawil-nawil, cveTis Sesabamisad.
sabrunavi kapitali Sedgeba sabrunavi fondebis (sawarmoo
ZiriTadi kapitalis aqtiuri nawilis (teqnologiuri maragebi, daumTavrebeli warmoebis naSTebi, momavali periodis
mowyobilobani, maRali warmadobis manqanebi da sxv.) ganaxlebis xarjebi) da mimoqcevis fondebisagan (mza produqcia
daCqarebis mizniT iyeneben amortizaciis daCqarebul meTods. am gadagzavnili myidvelebze gzaSi, mza produqcia sawyobSi da
dros ZiriTadi kapitalis narCeni Rirebulebidan fuladi aqtivebi bankSi).
yovelwliurad iTvaliswineben saamortizacio Tanxebis amoRebas statistika Seiswavlis da aCvenebs sarkeSi Tu rogoria
ara Tanabari procentiT, aramed orjer da zogjer ufro meti sabrunavi kapitalis saerTo moculoba, struqtura, dinamika da
procentiT. maTze moqmedi faqtorebis korelaciur-regresiuli analizis
Cvens mier zemoT motanili magaliTidan SeiZleba iTqvas, indikatorebi. unda vicodeT, rom kapitalis gamouyenebloba
rom biznesmenebs SeuZliaT mowyobilobis muSaobis pirveli mZime tvirTad awveba ekonomikuri saqmianobis Sedegebs. am
wlebidanve amoiRos saamortizacio anaricxebi 20%-iani anu 2- SemTxvevaSi diddeba produqciisa da momsaxurebis erTeulze
jer meti ganakveTiT. am SemTxvevaSi mowyobilobis mTlian kapitalis danaxarjebi, Zvirdeba TviTRireuleba, axlovdeba
246 247

gakotrebis saSiSroeba. erTnairi moculobis kapitalis kapitalis erT larze produqciis an momsaxurebis Rirebulebis
maRalefeqtiuri gamoyenebis pirobebSi diddeba gamovSebuli gadideba niSnavs fondtevadobis Semcirebas anu ZiriTadi
produqciisa da momsaxurebis moculoba, mcirdeba erTeulis kapitalis gamoyenebis efeqtianobis amaRlebas.
TviTRirebuleba, izrdeba mogebis moculoba da rentabelobis mowyobilobis datvirTvis eqstensiuri koeficienti
maCveneblebi. mowyobilobis samuSao drois mixedviT gamoyenebas gviCvenebs da
amitom, biznesis swori marTvis miznebisaTvis gaiangariSeba formuliT:
ekonomistebma, biznesmenebma da menejerebma, pirvel rigSi,
kargad unda gaarkvion statistikuri sarkis meSveobiT rogoria
kapitalis gamoyenebis efeqtianoba biznesSi, ramdenad Tfaqt.
efeqturad gamoiyeneba TiToeuli daxarjuli lari. K eqst. 
am sarkes statistika warmoaCens iseTi maCveneblebiT, Tgegm.
rogoricaa fondukugeba, fondtevadoba, mowyobilobis
datvirTvis eqstensiuri, intensiuri da integraluri sadac, K eqst. - mowyobilobis eqstensiuri datvirTvis
koeficientebi (ZiriTadi kapitalis gamoyeneba), brunvadobis
koeficienti, brunvadoba dReebSi da datvirTvis koeficienti koeficientia;
(sabrunavi saxsrebis gamoyeneba). Tfaqt. - mowyobilobis namuSevari faqtiuri droa dazga-
fondukugeba (kapitalukugeba) gaiangariSeba gamoSvebuli saaTebSi;
produqciisa da momsaxurebis RirebulebaTa SefardebiT
ZiriTadi kapitalis saSualo RirebulebasTan
Tgegm. - mowyobilobis muSaobis gegmuri droa mocemul
periodSi CarxsaaTobiT (dazgasaaTobiT).
Q intensiuri gamoyenebis koeficienti gviCvenebs
K mowyobilobis datvirTvis xarisxs erT saaTSi, rasac arkveven
S erT saaTSi gamoSvebuli produqciis moculobis SefardebiT am
sadac K - kapitalukugeba; mowyobilobis warmadobasTan.
Q - gamoSvebuli produqciis an momsaxurebis kompleqsurad rogorc drois, aseve warmadobis mixedviT
Rirebuleba sabazro fasebSi) gamoyenebas gviCvenebs mowyobilobis datvirTvis integraluri
koeficienti, romelic gaiangariSeba eqstensiuri da intensiuri
S - ZiriTadi kapitalis (fondebis) saSualo
datvirTvis koeficientebis urTieTTanamravliT.
Rirebuleba.
magaliTi: samSeneblo firmam, romlis ZiriTadi kapitalis
fondtevadoba (kapitaltevadoba) fondukugebis
saSualoTviuri Rirebuleba 1,8 mln laria, mocemul TveSi
Sebrunebuli sididea. fondukugeba gviCvenebs kapitalis
gamouSva 2,0 mln laris produqcia. Sesabamisma samSeneblo
(fondebis) Rirebulebis erT larze ramdenia gamoSvebuli
teqnologiurma danadgarebma orcvliani muSaobis reJimis
produqciis an momsaxurebis Rirebuleba, xolo fondtevadoba -
pirobebSi 400 saaTis nacvlad imuSava 320 saaTi, warmadobis
gamoSvebuli produqciis erT larze ZiriTadi kapitalis
mixedviT unda gamoeSva erT saaTSi saSualod 2 tona
danaxarjebis moculobas. aqedan cxadia, rom ZiriTadi
248 249

samSeneblo masala, faqtiurad gamouSva 1,4 tona. aseT mdgomareoba, misi mcire, saSualo da kapremontis saWiroeba da
pirobebSi: a.S.) aRmofxvrisa da sasargeblo drois danaxarjebis xvedriTi
2.0 wilis gadidebis mimarTulebiT.
fondukugeba Seadgens: K fond.uk.   1.111 lari sabrunavi saxsrebis gamoyenebis maCveneblebidan yvelaze
1.8 mniSvnelvani brunvadobis koeficientia, romelic ase
1
fondtevadoba Seadgens: K fond.tev.   0.9 gaiangariSeba: K brunv. 
Q
1.111
1. eqstegraluri datvirTvis koeficienti:
C
320 sadac: K brunv. - sabrunavi saxsrebis brunvadobis
K eqst.   0.8 koeficientia mocemul periodSi;
400
4. intensiuri datvirTvis koeficienti: Q - imave periodSi gamoSvebuli an realizebuli
1.5 produqciis Rirebuleba sabazro fasebSi;
K int.   0.75 C - sabrunavi saxsrebis saSualo naSTia igive periodSi
2
5. intensiuri datvirTvis koeficienti: (TveSi saSualoTviuri naSTi gaiangariSeba Tvis dasawyissa da
Tvis bolos sabrunavi saxsrebis naSTebis jamis orze
K int.  K eqst.  K int.  0.8  0.75  0.6
SefardebiT, saSualokvartaluri - sami Tvis saSualos, xolo
rogorc Cans, ZiriTadi kapitalis gamoyenebis maCveneblebi saSualowliuri - oTxi kvartlis saSualos mixedviT).
dabalia. meore maCvenebeli, brunvadoba dReebSi ganisazRvreba
ras unda miaqcion yuradReba ekonomistebma, biznesmenebma mocemuli periodis kalendaruli dReebis ricxvis SefardebiT
da menejerebma? brunvadobis koeficientze.
pirvel rigSi unda mivaqcioT yuradReba ZiriTadi mesame maCvenebeli sabrunavi saxsrebis datvirTvis
kapitalis struqturas, rogoria masSi aqtiuri nawilis koeficienti, gaiangariSeba sabrunavi saxsrebis erT larze
(teqnologiuri mowyobilobis) xvedriTi wili. unda SevadaroT realizebuli saqonlis moculobiT.
is standartebsa da mowinave firmebis Sesabamis maCvenebels. ras gviCvenebs TiToeuli maCvenebeli?
imis gamo, rom aqtiuri nawili qmnis uSualod produqcias, brunvadobis koeficienti gviCvenebs ramdenjer gadabrunda
menejeruli RonisZiebani unda davaproduqtoT misi amaRlebis sabrunavi saxsrebi mocemul periodSi,
mimarTulebiT. brunvadobis dReebSi - ramdeni dRea saWiro erTi
unda mieqces yuradReba, agreTve, mowyobilobis muSaobis gadabrunebisaTvis, xolo sabrunavi saxsrebis datvirTvis
drois struqturas, rasac iZleva qronometraJisa da samuSao koeficienti sabrunavi saxsrebis TiToeuli lari ramdeni
drois fotografiis masalebi. menejeruli RonisZiebani unda laris saqonlis (produqciis) realizacias ,,axerxebs~ mocemul
warimarTos unayofo drois danaxarjebis (muSebis gacdenebi, periodSi.
mocdenebi sxvadasxva mizezebiT: eleqtroenergiis xSiri
gamorTvebi, masalebis uqonloba, mowyobilobis uwesivro
250 251

saxeobaSi - saxnavi saZovrad an piriqiT) da miwis fonds

gare samyaro da bunebrivi resursebi periodis bolosaTvis. gamoiyeneba, agreTve, SefardebiTi
maCveneblebic, rogoricaa: miwis fondis struqtura calkeuli
erovnuli simdidris Semadgeneli nawilia, agreTve, gare saxis miwis fondis mixedviT, dinamika 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi da
samyaro da bunebrivi resursebi. imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom a.S.
Tanamedrove msoflioSi mimdinareobs gare samyarosa da tyis fondi merqnis maragia, romlis raodenoba izomeba
rekreaciuli zonis dabinZurebis, bunebrivi resursebis kuburi metrobiT. igi Sedgeba wyalsacavebis (wylis obieqtebis
mopovebis da xarjvis intensiuri procesebi (yovelwliurad napirebis), damcveli (rkinigza da sxva gzebis gaswvriv),
moipoveba 100 mlrd tona madani, saTbobi da sxvadasxva saxis sanitarul-higienuri da gamajansaRebeli (qalaqebis,
samSeneblo masalebi, agreTve, 5 mlrd tona bunebrivi airi da sawarmoebisa da dawesebulebebis tyis fondi, tyis parkebi,
navTobi da a.S.) metad aqtualuri gaxda am procesebis nakrZalebi da sxv.) tyis fondebisagan.
statistikuri Seswavla. bunebrivi resursebia miwisa da tyis, tyis fondis gamoyenebas axasiaTeben tyiT dafaruli
sasargeblo wiaRiseulis maragebi, wylisa da farTobis 1 ha-ze merqnis namatiT wlis manZilze, tyis
hidroenergetikuli resursebi da sxva. bunebrivi resursebi or aRdgeniT (gaWrili tyis nacvlad axalSeneba), tyis axali
nawilad iyofa. erTi nawili mozidulia warmoebis procesSi da gaSenebis farTobiT.
CaerTveba simdidris SemadgenlobaSi. meore nawili ganekuTvneba sasargeblo wiaRiseuli misi Seswavlilobisa da
potenciur bunebriv resursebs. samrewvelo gadamuSavebisaTvis momzadebis xarisxis mixedviT,
bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis statistikuri iyofa oTx jgufad:
maCveneblebi moicavs miwisa da tyis fondis, sasargeblo A - detalurad gamokvleuli maragebi; B -
wiaRiseulis, wylisa da hidroenergetikuli resursebis, gamokvleuli maragebi;
agreTve, garemo samyaros moculobis, struqturis, dinamikisa C1 - rTuli geologiuri agebulebis gamokvleuli
da moqmedi faqtorebis indikatorebs.
miwis fondi aris ama Tu im qveynis an regionis mTliani maragebi; C 2 - perspeqtiuli maragebi. statistika axasiaTebs
teritoria wylisqveSa farTobis CaTvliT, romlis maragebis saerTo moculobas, struqturas da dinamikas.
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis sasoflo-sameurneo, samrewvelo, wylis resursebi gamoiyeneba sayofacxovrebo
samSeneblo, satransporto da sxva daniSnulebis miwis miznebisaTvis, samrewvelo momaragebisaTvis, hidroenergiis
farTobebi. misaRebad, mosarwyavad, Tevzis gasaSeneblad, dasaWerad da a.S.
sasoflo-sameurneo miwis fondis SemadgenlobaSi maT SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Sina (mdinareebi, tbebi da sxv.) da
TavisTavad gamoiyofa saxnavi, nasveni miwebi, mravalwliani gare (okeaneebi da sxv.) wylis resursebi. statistika swavlobs
nargavebi, saTibebi, saZovrebi. wylis resursebis saerTo raodenobas, struqturas, dinamikas
miwis fondi, pirvel rigSi, absoluturi maCveneblebiT da sxv.
Seiswavleba, rac moicavs miwis fondis raodenobas periodis garemos mdgomareobas axasiaTeben garemos calkeuli
dasawyisSi, zrdas an klebas periodis ganmavlobaSi, elementebiT (wylis maragiT, misi moxmarebiT, mwvane nargavebiT)
transformacias (erTi saxis miwis fondis gardaqmnas meore
252 253

ama Tu im qveynis an regionis teritoriis an mosaxleobis sadac, K int. biznes garemos mimzidvelobis integraluri
erTeulze.
koeficientia;
garemos dabinZurebas axasiaTeben avtomanqanebis
raodenobiT erT km2 an mosaxleobis 1000 sulze, Ki - uri faqtoris subindeqsi;
avtomanqanebidan gamotyorcnili mavne airebiT da a.S. n - faqtorTa ricxvi.
TavisTavad an subindeqsi SeiZleba gaangariSebul iqnas
biznes garemos mimzidvelobis integrirebul Semdegi formulis daxmarebiT:
statistikur maCvenebelTa sistema
X i  X i min
Ki 
biznes garemoze uamravi socialur-ekonomikuri da X i max  X i min
politikuri faqtori axdens zemoqmedebas, romelTagan mTavaria
zemoTganxiluli socialur-ekonomikuri, makroekonomikuri da sadac, Xi i -uri faqtoris faqtobrivi mniSvnelobaa
bunebrivi, SromiTi resursebisa da Sromis bazris garemos
mocemul qveyanasa da regionSi;
statistikuri indikatorebi. ismis kiTxva! rogor SeiZleba
yvela isini gavzomoT da warmovadginoT erT gaerTianebul, X i min i - uri faqtoris minimaluri mniSvneloba;
sinTezur, inegrirebul indikatorSi, romlis mixedviT X i max i - uri faqtoris maqsimaluri mniSvneloba.
investorebi, biznesmenebi da sxva dainteresebuli pirebi
biznes garemoze moqmedi faqtorebi da maTi
TvalnaTliv daianaxaven Tu ramdenad mimzidvelia mocemuli
ganmsazRvreli parametrebi Cveni varaudiT, SeiZleba ase
qveyana an regioni biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis? am SemTxvevaSi
warmovadginoT:
siZnele imaSi mdgomareobs, rom faqtorTa iseT kompleqsTan
gvaqvs saqme, romelTa Sejameba an erTmaneTze gadamravleba ar
SeiZleba anu ar xasiaTdebian aditiurobisa da
multiflikatorebis TvisebebiT. amitom aq gamogvadgeba gaeros
eqspertebis mier adamianis potencialuri ganviTarebis indeqsis
SemuSavebisaTvis gamoyenebuli meTodologia, romlis mixedviT
xdeba TiToeuli faqtoris standartizacia anu normireba da
Semdeg maTi sinTezi, gaerTianeba erT integrirebul
maCvenebelSi.
biznes garemos mimzidvelobis sinTezuri, integraluri
statistikuri indikatori SeiZleba aseTi zogadi formuliT
n

K i
warmovidginoT: K int.  i 1

n
254 255

biznes garemos ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi mosaxleoba. magram amasTan erTad daintresebulia iafi samuSao
ZaliTa da infrastruqturis (gzebis, transportis da sxv.)
# faqtoris dasaxeleba maCveneblis maCveneblis subindeqsi ganviTarebis maRali doniT, agreTve, umuSevrobisa da siRaribis
maqsimaluri minimaluri
mniSvneloba mniSvneloba arsebobiT, rac bizness iafi samuSao ZaliT uzrunvelyofs.
faqtorTa bolo sami dasaxeleba ukuproporciul
1 mSp erT sulze 5448 aSS dolari 100 aSS K1
dolari damokidebulebaSia biznes garemos mimzidvelobis xarisxisadmi.
TveSi kanondarRvevaTa didi raodenoba anu kriminaluri situaciis
2 ganaTlebis done 100 % 0% K2
gauareseba, agreTve, kerZo sakuTrebis xSiri xelyofa
3 sicocxlis 85 weli 25 weli K3 sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis mier da
saSualo xangZlivoba
mosaxleobis Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis uTanabrobis
4 umuSevrobis done mowinave qveynis 0% K4
maCvenebeli
Semcireba, anu nulTan miaxloeba auaresebs biznes garemos.
amitom biznes garemos mimzidvelobis xarisxis integraluri
5 siRaribis done mowinave qveynis 0% K5
maCvenebeli maCveneblis gaangariSebisaTvis saWiroa, Cveni gaangariSebiT am
faqtoris Sesabamisi subindeqsi gamovakloT erTs. miviRebT
6 infrastruqturis mowinave qveynis 0% K6
ganviTarebis maCvenebeli kanonmdeblobis da kerZo sakuTrebis dacvis, agreTve,
done Semosavlebisa da danaxarjebis ara uTanabrobis, aramed
7 bunebrivi resursebis mowinave qveynis 0% K7
% erovnul maCvenebeli Tanabarganawilebis koeficientebs, romelTa gadideba
simdidreSi pirdapirproporciulia biznes garemos mimzidvelobis
8 kanondarRvevaTa mowinave qveynis 0% K8
raodenoba mosaxleobismaCvenebeli
xarisxisadmi. saboloo jamSi, Cvens magaliTze, biznes garemos
10 000 kacze mimzidvelobis xarisxis koeficienti miiRebs saxes:
9 kerZo sakuTr. mowinave qveynis 0% K9
xelyofis maCvenebeli 7 3
raodenoba mosaxleobis
10 000 kacze K i  3   Ki
10 Semosavlebis mowinave qveynis 0% K10 K mimz.  i 1 i 1
uTanabrobis koef. maCvenebeli 10

CamoTvlil faqtorTa pirveli Svidi zogadad Cvens mier miRebuli formula ase SeiZleba
pirdapirproporciul gavlenas axdens biznes garemos gamovsaxoT:
mimzidvelobis xarisxze. biznesmens da investors srulebiTac
ar awyobs biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis mosaxleobiT dasaxlebuli m n
teritoria cxovrebis Zalian dabali doniT. mas moawyobs  K i  ( n  m)   K i
hyavdes kanonmdeblobiT daculi mdidarTa partniorebi qveyanasa Kmimz.  i 1 m 1

da regionSi, agreTve, maRali sicocxlis saSualo n

xangrZlivobisa da ganaTlebuli samuSao Zalis mqone
256 257

sadac, m - biznes garemos mimzidvelobis Sinaarsi

pirdapirproporciuli faqtorebis ricxvi, xolo danarCeni
n  m - araproporciuli moqmedebis faqtorebia.
biznes garemos mimzidvelobis integraluri koeficientis Sesavali . . . . . 3
mniSvneloba icvleba 0-dan 1-mde, anu 0-dan 100%-mde. Tu misi
mniSvneloba 0-dan 30%-is farglebSia, mimzidveloba sustia, Tema 1. mosaxleobis statistika . . . . . . . . . 4
30-dan 60%-mde saSualod zomieri, xolo 60%-s zeviT, unda
viviaraudoT, rom Zalian Zlieria. Tema 2. SromiTi resursebisa da Sromis bazris statistika 44
Tema 3. sabanko da sadazRvevo statistika . . . 66
Tema 4. monetaruli da fiskalur-sagadasaxado
statistika . . . . . 87
Tema 5. fasebisa da inflaciis statistika . . 104
Tema 6. safondo birJebis da fasiani qaRaldebis
statistika . . . . 118
Tema 7. mewarmeobis statistika . . . 140
Tema 8. investiciebis statistika . . . 179
Tema 9. sagareo ekonomikur urTierTobaTa statistika . . 198
Tema 10. erovnul angariSTa sistema . . . 227
literatura
258 259

literatura

1. gabiZaSvili b. , statistika, ekonomikaSi,

biznessa da menejmentSi, Tb. , 2007.
2. gabiZaSvili b. , ekonomikuri statistika, Tb. ,
2006.
3. kbilaZe d. , abesaZe n. , metreveli S. ,
statistika ekonomikasa da biznesSi, Tb. , 2008.
4. kbilaZe d. , abesaZe n. , metreveli S. ,
socialur-ekonomikuri statistika, Tb. , 2006.
5. xmalaZe m. , demografia, Tb. , 2009.
6. Cnfnbcnbrf Abyfycjd Extdybr gjl htlfrcbtq
D.Y. cfkbyf V. 2001 u.
7. WWW. geostat.ge
8. WWW. mof.ge