Composite Beam Example

This example demonstrates the design of the composite floor slab on the second storey
that is supported by the composite beam designed previously. The profiled metal deck
is CF60 and the thickness of the slab is 130 mm. Verification is needed for both the
construction stage (non-composite) and constructed stage (composite). Although
generally checks at the non-composite stage are based on two continuous spans, for
simplicity only a single span case will be considered here.
The continuous floor slab will be designed as a series of simply supported spans. This
approach is conservative because it does not take into account the positive effect of the
continuity over the supports.
Floor slab and material properties
Total depth of slab h = 130 mm
Corus profiled steel sheeting CF60

Thickness of profile t = 1.0 mm
Depth of profile, hp = 60 mm
Span L =3m
Effective cross-sectional area of the profile Ape = 1424 mm2/m
Second moment of area of the profile Ip = 106.15 cm4/m
Yield strength of the profiled deck
from manufacturer’s data: fyp = 350 N/mm2
Design value of bending resistance (sagging) MRd = 11.27 KNm/m
Height of neutral axis above soffit: = 30.5 mm
Concrete
Normal concrete strength class C25/30
Density (normal weight, reinforced) 26 kN/m³ (wet) 25 kN/m³ (dry)
[These density values may vary for a specific project depending on the amount of steel
reinforcement.]
Cylinder strength fck = 25 N/mm2
Modulus of elasticity Ecm = 31 kN/mm2
Actions
Concrete weight
Self weight of the concrete slab (volume from decking manufacturer’s data)
0.097 × 26 × 10-6 = 2.52 kN/m2 (wet)
0.097 × 25 × 10-6 = 2.43 kN/m2 (dry)
Permanent Actions
Construction stage kN/m2
Steel deck 0.11
Total 0.11
Composite stage kN/m2

Concrete slab 2.43
Steel deck 0.11
Ceiling and services 0.15
Total 2.69
Variable actions
At the construction stage, the loading considered is a 0.75 kN/m² load across the entire
slab, with an additional 0.75 kN/m² load across a 3 m span, which can be positioned
anywhere on the slab span. In this case the span is 3 m, and so the construction
loading across the whole span is 1.5 kN/m2.
Construction stage:
Distributed load (0.925×1.35×0.11) + (1.5×4.02) =6.17 kN/m 2
Composite stage:
Distributed load (0.925×1.35×2.69) + (1.5×3.3) =8.31 kN/m2
Design moment and shear force
Construction Stage
The design bending moment per metre width of the steel deck is:
𝐹𝑙 2 6.17×32
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = = 6.94 𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚 width
8 8
Design shear force
𝐹𝑙 6.17×3
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = = = 9.26 kN/m width
2 2
Normal Stage
𝐹𝑙 2 8.31×32
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = = = 9.35 𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚 width
8 8
Design shear force
𝐹𝑙 8.31×3
𝑉𝐸𝑑 = = = 13.07 kN/m width
2 2
Verification at the construction stage
Bending resistance
𝑀𝐸𝑑 6.94
= = 0.62 < 1.0
𝑀𝑅𝑑 11.27
Therefore the bending moment resistance at the construction stage is adequate
Shear resistance and bearing resistance

Procedures are set out in BS EN 1993-1-3 6.1.7.3. In practice, design is normally
carried out by using load-span tables or by using software, which are based on testing,
not calculation. Good detailing practice avoids certain failure modes.
Serviceability Limit State (SLS) BS EN 1994-1-1 cl 9.3.2(2)
Construction Stage Deflections
Deflection without ponding
At serviceability, loading = 0.11 + 2.52 = 2.63 kN/m2
5𝐹𝐿4 5 × 2.63 × 34 × 106

𝛿𝑠 = = = 12.4 𝑚𝑚
384𝐸𝐼 384 × 210 × 106.15 × 10
As this is less than 10% of the slab depth (13 mm), the effects of the additional concrete
may be ignored in the design of the steel sheeting.
NA 2.15
𝛿𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = L/180 but 20mm max where the loads from ponding are ignored.
𝛿𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3000/180 = 16.6 mm, OK
Verification of composite slab
Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

Bending resistance – location of plastic neutral axis (pna)
Maximum compressive design force per metre in the concrete above the sheeting
assuming the pna is below the solid part of the slab is determined as:
25
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = 0.85 × = 14.2 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
1.5
𝑓𝑦𝑝 350
𝑓𝑦 ,𝑝𝑑 = = = 350 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑀𝑜 1.0
𝑁𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐𝑑 × 𝐴𝑐 = 14.2 × 70 × 1000 × 103 = 994 kN
Maximum tensile resistance per metre of the profiled steel sheet is determined as:
𝑁𝑝 = 𝑓𝑦 .𝑝𝑑 × 𝐴𝑝 = 350 × 1424 × 103 = 498.4 kN
As Np < Nc the neutral axis lies above the profiled sheeting.
9.7.2(5): Therefore the sagging bending moment resistance should be determined from
the stress distribution shown in the figure below.
The depth of concrete in compression is:
𝐴𝑝𝑒 𝑓𝑦,𝑝𝑑
𝑥𝑝𝑙 =
𝑏𝑓𝑐𝑑
Where b = 1000 mm (width of slab)
1424 × 350
𝑥𝑝𝑙 = = 35.1 𝑚𝑚
1000 × 14.2
Bending resistance full shear connection
For full shear connection, the design moment resistance is

𝑀𝑝𝑙 .𝑅𝑑 = 𝐴𝑝 𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑑𝑝 − 𝑥𝑝𝑙 /2
dp = h – depth from soffit to centroidal axis of sheeting
dp = 130 – 30.5 = 99.5 mm
Plastic bending resistance

𝑀𝑝𝑙 .𝑅𝑑 = 1424 × 350 × 99.5 − 35.1/2 × 10−6 = 40.84 𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝐸𝑑 9.35
= = 0.23 < 1.0
𝑀𝑝𝑙 ,𝑅𝑑 40.48
Longitudinal shear resistance m-k method
The method given in 9.7.3 may be used to determine the design resistance to
longitudinal shear (Vl,Rd). In this example, the benefits of end anchorage have been
ignored. 9.7.3(4)
𝑏𝑑𝑝 𝑚𝐴𝑝
𝑉𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = +𝑘
𝛾𝑣𝑠 𝑏𝐿𝑠
m and k are design values obtained from the manufacturer. For the CF60 steel deck the
following values have been obtained from the output from the software.
m = 157.2 N/mm2
k = 0.1232 N/mm2
For a uniform load applied to the whole span length[ 9.7.3(5)]

Ls = L/4 = 3000/4 = 750 mm
1000 × 99.5 157.2 × 1424

𝑉𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = + 0.1232 × 10−3 = 33.56 𝑘𝑁
1.25 1000 × 750
VEd = 13.07 kN
The design shear resistance must not be less than the maximum design vertical shear
𝑉𝐸𝑑 13.07
= = 0.39 < 1.0
𝑉𝑙,𝑅𝑑 33.56
Therefore the design resistance to longitudinal shear is adequate.
Design vertical shear resistance
The vertical shear resistance will normally be based on BS EN 1992-1-1 equation 6.2b.
𝑉𝑣,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑝
Due to simply supported consideration in design, the effects of hogging moment at the
supports is neglected, such that σcp = 0
𝑉𝑣,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑝
The recommended value of vmin is

𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2
200
𝑘 =1+ ≤ 2.0
𝑑𝑝
200
𝑘 =1+ = 2.42 ≥ 2.0, 𝑠𝑜 𝑘 = 0.2
99.5
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 0.23/2 × 251/2 = 0.49 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
Vv,Rd = 0.49 x 99.5 = 48.8 kN > 13.19 kN OK

Composite Beam Example

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What is the design being demonstrated in the document?

What is the design being demonstrated in the document?

What are the material properties of the composite floor slab?

What are the material properties of the composite floor slab?

This example demonstrates the design of the composite floor slab on the second storey

Total depth of slab h = 130 mm

Corus profiled steel sheeting CF60

Composite stage kN/m2

Design moment and shear force

Design shear force

Design shear force

Therefore the bending moment resistance at the construction stage is adequate

Shear resistance and bearing resistance

Serviceability Limit State (SLS) BS EN 1994-1-1 cl 9.3.2(2)

Construction Stage Deflections

Deflection without ponding

At serviceability, loading = 0.11 + 2.52 = 2.63 kN/m2

5𝐹𝐿4 5 × 2.63 × 34 × 106

Verification of composite slab

Ultimate Limit State (ULS)

𝑁𝑐 = 𝐹𝑐𝑑 × 𝐴𝑐 = 14.2 × 70 × 1000 × 103 = 994 kN

As Np < Nc the neutral axis lies above the profiled sheeting.

The depth of concrete in compression is:

Bending resistance full shear connection

For full shear connection, the design moment resistance is

Plastic bending resistance

For a uniform load applied to the whole span length[ 9.7.3(5)]

1000 × 99.5 157.2 × 1424

Therefore the design resistance to longitudinal shear is adequate.

Design vertical shear resistance

𝑉𝑣,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 𝑏𝑠 𝑑𝑝

supports is neglected, such that σcp = 0

The recommended value of vmin is

𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035 × 0.23/2 × 251/2 = 0.49 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

Vv,Rd = 0.49 x 99.5 = 48.8 kN > 13.19 kN OK

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