TSUNAMI AWARENESS IN INDONESIA

Khaerunnisa Ph.D [email protected]

Brigitta Michelle S.T.
 Contents

01 02 03
Tsunami in Tsunami Tsunami
Indonesia at a awareness Awareness in
glance 1990- projects the Society
2020 • Structural • Questionnaire
• Non Structural Survey
TSUNAMI IN INDONESIA
AT A GLANCE

Picture source: theatlantic.com

Indonesia is located at the confluence of three active earth plates, namely the Indo Australia plate, the
Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate. This plate activity is the most frequent cause of tsunamis in
Indonesia
Tsunami Events in Indonesia 1990-2020 (based on
death toll)
Year
2008
2009
2010
2014
2015
2017
2018
2016
2005
2006
2007
2004
2003
2002
2011
2012
2013
2019
2020
2000
2001
1999
1998
1995
1996
1997
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994

5
166,08
0 1
413
800 11
18 110
9
5 8
25 2,03 0 4
7
431 238
2,50
20
0
16
0

(Triyono et al, 2019

Tsunami Events in Indonesia 1990-2020 (based on
Richter Scale)
Year
2008
2009
2010
2014
2015
2017
2018
2016
2005
2006
2007
2004
2003
2002
2011
2012
2013
2019
2020
2000
2001
1999
1998
1995
1996
1997
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
8.2
9

7. 6.
2 8.7 8
6.
7.9 7.7 9 8.2
8.4 7.4 7.6 6. 7.6
7
3 7.8
. 7.8
7.7
4
7.5

(Triyono et al, 2019

Number of Tsunami Events 1990-2020
2000-2009 (8)
2010-2019 (4)
• 2000: May 4 (Banggai)
• 2010: October 25 (Mentawai) • 2002: October 10 (Papua)
• 2012: April 11 ((Aceh) • 2004: October 11 (Alor), December 24 (Aceh)
• 2018: September 28 (Donggala), • 2005: March 28 (Padang)
December 22 (Banten) • 2006: March 14 (Seram), July 17
(Pangandaran)
• 2007: September 12 (Bengkulu)
2004
2012

1995
2005
2000
2002
2010 2018 2006
1996 1995
2007 1996

1998
1990-1999 (7)
2006 2004
• 1992: December 12 (Alor)
1994
• 1994: March 6 (Banyuwangi) 2018
• 1995: May 14 (Papua), August 10 1992
(Halmahera)
• 1996: January 1 (Donggala), February 18
(Biak)
• 1998: November 29 (Taliabu)
Tsunami Repetitiveness in Indonesia
since 1945 (based on area)

Sulawesi: 6
(1967, 1968, 1969,
1996, 2000, 2018)
• Donggala: 2
(1996, 2018)

Papua: 5 (1979,
1995, 1996,
2002, 2011)
Maluku
Islands: 4 (1965,
1995, 1998,
2006)
Sumatra: 5
(2004, 2005, 2007,
2010, 2012)
• Aceh: 2 (2004,
2012) Java: 3 (1994, Nusa Tenggara: 5 (1977, 1979, 1982, 1992,
2006, 2018) 2004)
• Alor: 2 (1992, 2004)
(Triyono et al, 2019
 Tsunami Risk in Indonesia

◦ Based on the results of the risk assessment, the total number of people exposed to the risk
of the tsunami disaster in Indonesia is 4,102,406 people in all provinces in Indonesia with
a potential loss of up to Rp. 879 Trillion (62.2 Billion USD)

https://bnpb.go.id/documents/buku-renas-pb.pdf
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Impact Map

Aceh
166,080 died,
6,245 lost, 2,507
injured. At least
500,000 lost their
home.
Aceh: Krueng Aceh: Panteraja
Raya 4.5 m puddle
5 m puddle
Aceh: Banda Aceh 9 m
Aceh: Lhoknga 30 m
puddle
Aceh: Lhokruet 10 m puddle
puddle North Sumatra: Serdang
Bedagai
North Sumatra: Nias 3 died, 1 lost
51 died and 33 lost

(Triyono et al., 2019)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Comparison

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) In 2020 (Google Earth Pro)

68,000 ha land was destroyed because of the tsunami

(Tempo.co, 2005)
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami:
Gampong Kajhu

Saltwater
ponds for
shrimps

Gampong Kajhu Before the Tsunami

(Google Earth Pro)

Gampong Kajhu Map Disaster-resilient Coastal Village in Gampong

(Google Maps) Kajhu Villagers still stay in
(aceh.tribunnews.com) their villages although
facing high risks from
tsunami. Rebuilt was
helped by Indonesian
Red Cross and IOM
(Bonasir, 2014).
Gampong Kajhu in 2009
(Google Earth Pro)

Current status: Listed

as one of the best 100
Gampong Kajhu Tsunami Gampong Kajhu best villages in
(mongabay.co.id) (aceh.antaranews.com) Indonesia
(Kementerian Desa
Tsunami Impact: Only Projects: Disaster-resilient Coastal Village Pembangunan Daerah
15% villagers were safe (Destana) encourages active participations from Tertinggal dan
from the tsunami the villagers. Trainings are provided by local Transmigrasi, 2018)
Gampong Kajhu in 2020
(Ferdiansyah, 2018) government and NGO. (Saroji et al., 2016) (Google Earth Pro)
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Deli Serdang

Projects: Madani
foster home was
built in Deli
Serdang to house
children who lost
their parents in the
tsunami
(detikNews, 2005)
Deli Serdang in 2009
2004 Tsunami Impact Map Madani Foster Home in Deli Serdang (Google Earth Pro)
(en.wikipedia.org) (facebook.com)

Deli Serdang Map Installing WRS NewGen and Mapping Soil Vulnerability in Deli Serdang Deli Serdang in 2020
(id.wikipedia.org) (sumut.antaranews.com) (Google Earth Pro)

Tsunami Impact: At least Projects: In 2020, WRS NewGen was installed in Deli Serdang Current status: Became more
51 people died in Deli (Juraidi, 2020a). The government also mapped soil vulnerability populated. Opened Kualanamu
Serdang and Nias (Media in Deli Serdang to mitigate risks (Juraidi, 2020b). Shelter zones International Airport in 2013.
Indonesia, 2019) for tsunami are also chosen from existing buildings such as
mosques and halls.
2004 Indian Ocean
Tsunami: Nias

Projects:
Sirombu Market
in Nias was
destroyed and
relocated
(Bangkit, 2011). Nias in 2012
(Google Earth Pro)

Nias Map Sirombu Market Relocated

(id.wikipedia.org) (travel.detik.com)

Nias in 2020
(Google Earth Pro)
Current status: Nias is a tourist
Sirombu Market Destroyed Nias Evacuation Drill ITSS destination. Some beaches are
(gemaniasbarat.wordpress.com) (bnpb.go.id) (ugm.ac.id) now filled by coral rocks caused
by 1 to 2 m land elevation from
Tsunami Impact: At least Projects: Evacuation drills have been done throughout the years
the tsunami. (Yordan et al., 2017)
51 people died and 33 in Nias (Yanuarto, 2020) . An early warning systems based on
people lost in Nias radon gas concentrations and groundwater levels is developed
(detikNews, 2004) by UGM (Ika, 2020).
Post 2004 Tsunami: Present Condition

241 people died in

North Sumatra (Deli
Serdang, Serdang
Bedagai, Nias)
(detikNews, 2005a)

2004 Tsunami Impact Map Sirombu Market Destroyed Sirombu Market Relocated
(en.wikipedia.org) (gemaniasbarat.wordpress.com) (travel.detik.com)

Sirombu Market in Nias was destroyed and relocated

(Bangkit, 2011)
After the Madani foster home
tsunami, was built in Deli
10,000 Serdang to house
mangrove children who lost
trees were their parents in the
planted in tsunami (detikNews,
Cermin 2005b)
Beach In 2020, WRS
(Anggraeni, NewGen was
2018) installed in Deli
Mangrove Planting in Sedang Bedagai Madani Foster Home in Deli Serdang Serdang (Juraidi,
(goodnewsfromindonesia.id) (facebook.com) 2020)
2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Serdang Bedagai

Before the tsunami,

the beach was kept
mostly natural.

Cermin Beach in 2002 (Google

Earth Pro)
Serdang Bedagai Map Mangrove Planting in Serdang
(en.wikipedia.org) Bedagai 1
(goodnewsfromindonesia.id)
Recclamation after
the tsunami

Cermin Beach in 2005 (Google Earth Pro)

Serdang Bedagai Tsunami Mangrove Planting in Serdang Current status:

(sumut24.co) Bedagai 2 Beaches have been
(goodnewsfromindonesia.id) built towards the
Tsunami Impact: In Cermin years and become
Projects: After the tsunami,
Beach, the tsunami was 4 meter more populated.
10,000 mangrove trees were
height and killed 3 fishermen, 1
planted in Cermin Beach Cermin Beach in 2020 (Google Earth
lost. (Media Indonesia, 2019).
(Anggraeni, 2018) Pro)
Post 2004 Tsunami: Before the Indian Ocean
Tsunami 2004

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) Aceh Map (en.wikipedia.org)

Aceh is the westernmost province of Indonesia and

was the closest point of land to the epicenter of the
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. It
covers the area of 58,376.81 km2 and inhabited by
around 5 million people (BPS, 2019)

Aceh Before the Tsunami (arup.com)

Post 2004 Tsunami: After the Indian Ocean
Tsunami 2004

December 26, 2004

• 9 SR, 5-30 m far field type tsunami
(tsunami that have propagation of up
to 1,000 km) (Pratama, 2018)
• 166,080 people died and 2,507 were
After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) seriously injured (Triyono et al., 2019)
• A tsunami early warning system has
now been built along the waters
between Indonesia and Thailand

After Tsunami (Source: dw.com)

Post 2004 Tsunami: Present
Condition

Aceh 2020 (Google Earth Pro)

Malahayati Port Rehab Tsunami Escape Building Aceh Besar Breakwater (antarafoto.com)
(dishub.acehprov.go.id) (national.tempo.co)
TSUNAMI
AWARENESS
PROJECTS
Background
Structural and non structural
projects
Mainstreaming DRR in
National Medium Term Development Plan
There is already a mandate from Law
Local Community No. 27/2007 to include disaster risk
National Level
Level/Municipal Level assessment in regional development
planning. Hence it is not clear how
much should be invested in disaster
Resilient risk reduction at the regional level.
Village
This condition, supported by a
Resilient democratic system in the election of
BNPB BPBD regional leaders and regional
City
autonomy, has made the application of
DRR in regional development
Family based planning dependent on the good will
resilience of the policy makers.
Level of progress in HFA in Indonesia
Community Level Tsuami awareness in
Indonesia
• Lack of maintenance for tsunami EWS.
Budget for maintenance is only available
for 70 out of total 170 censors in
Indonesia (Lin & Henschke, 2018)
• Some EWS are insignificant. For example,
in Palu the censor is 200 km away from
the beach and can only detect 6 cm wave
rise (Lin & Henschke, 2018)
Nationally Mandated Program : Destana (Village Resilience Programs)

Java Destana Expedition in 2019

(idntimes.com)
Destana Training in Aceh Destana Training in West Java
(aceh.tribunnews.com) (jabarekspres.com)

Disaster-resilient Villages/ sub- Destana output:

• Strengthening mitigations
districts (Destana) is a government
• Mapping disaster-prone regions
program to train villages/ sub- • Creating mitigation rules and
districts throughout Indonesia to regulation
be self-sufficient in disasters by • Strengthening people’s knowledge
developing mindset to adapt, about disasters and mitigations
mitigate, and recover (Regulation Of • Encouraging active participation
The Head Of The National Disaster for mitigations from villagers (SNI
8357:2017 Disaster-resilient Villages)
Management Agency Number 1 Year Destana Training in Central Java
2012) (jateng.tribunnews.com)
5000 destana was targeted to be established in 2019
Trans Mentawai Project: Background Tsunami Event (before the 2010 tsunami)

Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) Mentawai Map (commons.wikimedia.org)

Mentawai Islands cover the area of

6,011.35 km2 and had a population of
76,173 at the 2010 Census. The
islands are famous for surfing; hence
they become international tourist
destinations.

Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort (takaitu.id)

Surfing in Mentawai (macaroniresort.com)
Local Government initiated Programs: Trans Mentawai Project

Macaronis Mentawai Surf Resort After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) After Tsunami (viva.co.id)

October 25, 2010

• 7.7 SR, 6-12 m tsunami earthquake (Triyono et al., 2019)
• “Tsunami earthquakes” are strange in that they happen almost entirely in the soft, weak section of the
fault so they create a much larger tsunami than expected. (Sahakian, 2020)
• 456 people died and concrete construction buildings collapsed under the tsunami (Triyono et al.,
2019), and 15,000 more were displaced or left homeless (Sahakian, 2020).
Local Government initiated Programs: Trans Mentawai Project

Trans Mentawai is needed

because so far access has
only relied on waterways
(Sagurung, 2020). It is
targeted to be 393.5 km long
(Jannah, 2018),
Clearance for Trans
Mentawai
(mentawaikita.com)
Cilacap Mangrove Forest: Symbiotic Approach between Tourism and Infrastructure

Cilacap After the Earthquake (Google Earth Pro) Cilacap Map (Google Maps)

August 17, 2006

• 7.7 SR
• 40% people didn't feel the earthquake
before the tsunami came. 40% felt a faint
earthquake and only less than 20% felt a
strong earthquake (Muhari, 2016)
• 664 people died (Triyono et al., 2019)
After the Earthquake 1 After the Earthquake 2
(thephenomena.files.wordpress.com) (jabar.tribunnews.com)
Eco-Tourism approach for Better Tsunami Resilience: Mangrove Forest Cilacap

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

August 17, 2006

• 3-8 meter tsunami earthquake
• Tsunami earthquakes create bigger tsunami
magnitudes than they should have been (Muhari, 2016)
• Tsunami from tsunami earthquakes is more difficult to
be predicted than a usual tsunami event

After the Tsunami 1 After the Tsunami 2

(dara.co.id) (harapanrakyat.com)
Mangrove Forest: A symbiosis approach for DISASTER resilience

Local government has

coached 11 villages to be
resilient towards
disasters and is planning
to broaden the scope
(BNPB, 2012).

Cilacap Mangrove Forest Satelite View Mangrove Seeding by Local Communities

(Google Earth Pro) (mongabay.co.id)

Cilacap Mangrove Forest

serves as both a
conservation area and a
tourist destination.

Cilacap Mangrove Forest 1 Cilacap Mangrove Forest 2 (travelingyuk.com)

(kompasiana.com)
Hutan Kota Palu: Trauma Healing Post 2018 Tsunami

Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) Palu Map (en.wikipedia.org)

Palu covers an area of 395.06 km2

inhabited by 367,600 people (2015
census). It is located in Sulawesi, an island
with the most frequent tsunami disasters
in Indonesia since 1945 (6 times)

Ponulele Bridge Before the Tsunami (travel.okezone.com)

Hutan Kota Palu: Palu right after the tsunami

After the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro) Ponulele Bridge After Tsunami (bbc.com)

September 28, 2019

• 7.4 SR, 2-7 m tsunami
• 2,037 people died, 671 people were missing, 152 people
were buried, 4,084 people were injured and 67,310
houses were damaged (Triyono et al., 2019)
• The earthquake damaged the electricity and
communication networks. This means that many people
did not receive a tsunami warning (Lin & Henschke, 2018)
Ponulele Reconstruction Village Reconstruction
(liputan6.com) (instagram.com)
Hutan Kota Palu: Moving the Crowd Trauma Healing

Kamboana Palu Urban Forest 1 Kamboana Food Stall (sultengterkini.com)

(tribunnews.com)
Kamboana Palu Urban Forest now becomes one of
the main tourist attractions in Palu because the
beach attractions were destroyed by the 2018
tsunami (Sandhi, 2019). This place serves as a green
space and a recreational place that facilitates
sports such as skateboarding, futsal, basketball,
ATV. There is food stall surrounding the area.

Kamboana Palu Urban Forest 2

(radarsulteng.id)
Tsunami Education Park

Aceh Tsunami Educational Park 1

(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com) Aceh Tsunami Educational
Park 2
(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com)

It is the first tsunami educational park in

Indonesia and covers the area of 4,500 m2.
There are tsunami simulation equipment,
photos after the tsunami, open theater,
Aceh Tsunami Educational Park 3 playground (Yurnaldi, 2008).
(nelva-amelia.blogspot.com)
Tsunami Museum

Aceh Tsunami Museum (dialeksis.com) Aceh Tsunami Museum Interior (urbane.co.id)

The museum serves as a monument, an

educational center, and a memorial center
for the 2004 tsunami. The entrance recreates
the ambience of terror faced by the tsunami
victims. The museum also serves as an
escape hill for future tsunami events.

Aceh Tsunami Museum Entrance (urbane.co.id)

 Awareness

Tsunami Education from Govt Tsunami Education Using

(Rosdiyani, 2020) Theater Play (Putra, 2019)

Communication–Human Information
Processing (C–HIP) model (Conzola & Tsunami Education Using Game Tsunami Simulation
Wogalter, 2001) (Prima et al., 2020) (Sambah et al., 2017)
 Awareness

Tsunami Education Park

(bandaacehkotamadani.wordpres
s.com)

Tsunami Education on TV
(youtube.com)

Tsunami Museum (dialeksis.com)

Fun Digital Learning
Awareness

Tsunami Preparedness Game

10,000+ installs (play.google.com)
Govt Poster (bnpb.go.id)

Govt Video (youtube.com) Govt Guidelines (BNPB, 2012)

Tsunami Training and Simulations

Tsunami Education from Government (Rosdiyani, 2020) Tsunami Simulation (Sambah et al.,
2017)
 Cultural approach Smong, simeulue
for inheriting
a w a r e n e s s One example of smong story

This is a story full of wisdom. In ancient times the seventh year

your grandfathers experienced it they tell this story in order to
become a life experience. it was Friday, still including morning.
suddenly there was an earthquake. the people were so strong
that they could not stand up and after the sea had receded, and
the fish floundered on the beach, attracting people to collect
them. not long after, a large wave appeared from the middle of
the ocean toward the land. people shout smong smong smong!
However, many people were unable to escape to the top of the
mountain.

◦ Only 3 out of 70.000

https://theconversation.com/smong-cerita-lisan-simeulue-yang-
people died from the selamatkan-penduduk-dari-amukan-tsunami-terdahsyat-105388
2004 Indian Ocean
tsunami
Flores Tsunami Monument: Before the Tsunami

Babi Island Before the Tsunami (Google Earth Pro)

A Flores Village (travel.tribunnews.com)

Flores Island is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a

group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia. The
population was 1,831,000 in the 2010 census and the
largest town is Maumere. The name Flores is the
Flores Map (lavalontourinfo.com) Portuguese word for "Flowers".
Flores Tsunami Monument: 1992 Tsunami

December 12, 1992

• 7.8 SR, 26.2 m tsunami
• 2500 people died (Triyono et al., 2019) and more than 1,000 buildings were
destroyed and severely damaged (Nirarta, 2018)
• Babi Island is said to be the epicenter of the earthquake. The tsunami caused a
marine fault with a length of 100 meters and a depth of 10-20 meters (Wilibardus,
2020)
1992 Flores Tsunami Map • Babi Island was not inhabited and is now inhabited by 30 families.
(en.wikipedia.org)

After Tsunami (kumparan.com) Babi Island Now 1 Babi Island Now 2

(deyuken-aimere.blogspot.com) (liputan6.com)
Flores Tsunami Monument: After the Tsunami

Built in a Maumere
city park, this
monument
symbolises how
the community has
strengthened itself
after the disaster
Babi Island in 2019 (Google Earth Pro) Maumere Tsunami Monument in Flores (Rosary, 2016)
(thevoiceofflores.com)
The Earthquake
and Tsunami drill
is delivered by
utilizing local song
for tsunami drill
and awareness
rising

Maumere Tsunami Monument (Google Earth Pro) Maumere Tsunami Monument at Night
(mycameraphone.com)
TSUNAMI
AWARENESS
SURVEY
Hazard Assessment

Is your area prone

Have you ever
to tsunami?
experienced a tsunami?

Yes No
Yes No Don't know Tsunami in Palu
(channelnewsasia.com)
School Majority of respondents Some respondents experienced
Neighbors
know whether they live in tsunamis, in: 1996, 2004, 2006 (3), 2018
Family
tsunami-prone area or not
Friends
from experience or history The danger and occurrence of tsunami
Internet News…
Printed…
of past tsunamis, followed by grab their ATTENTION to learn more
Government… government website and about tsunami
Experience… internet news page.
0 20 40 60
 After receiving
Aceh (T: 1, F: -, DK: information that grabs
-)
Medan (T: 1, F: -, DK: Bolaang their attention, do they
-) Samarinda (T: 2, F: -, Mangondow Selatan
DK: -) (T: -, F: 1 , DK: -)
COMPREHEND its
Kab & Kota message?
Pontianak; Gorontalo (T: 4, F: - ,
Banjarbaru; DK: 1)
Palembang (T: 1, F: 1, Banjarmasin; Gowa (T: 2, F: -, DK: -)
DK: -) Palangkaraya; Kutai
OKU Selatan; Riau (T: 2,
F: -, DK: -)
Barat (T: 5, F: -, DK: -) Sleman (T: 10, F: 1 , Timor Tengah Utara Do the
DK: 2) (T: 1, F: -, DK: -)
Karanganyar,
Kendal, Klaten, Pati, respondents
Ambon (T: 3, F: -, DK:
Cilegon (T: 1, F: -, DK:
Semarang,
Surakarta, Tegal (T:
Klaten (T: -, F: - , DK:
1) -) actually know
Buru (T: 2, F: -, DK: -)
-)
Cianjur (T: -, F: 1, DK:
9, F: -, DK: -)
Banyumas (T: -, F: 1,
Kulonprogo (T: -, F: 1 about the danger
, DK: -)
-)
Bekasi (T: 5, F: -, DK: -
DK: -) Ternate (T: -, F: 1, DK:
-)
of tsunami in
Surabaya (T: -, F: - ,
) Banguntapan (T: 1, F: DK: 1)
Biak Numfor (T: 1, F:
-, DK: -)
their area?
Bandung; Bogor; -, DK: -)
Kota Sukabumi (T: 3, DKI Jakarta (T: 2, F: -
F: -, DK: -) Bantul (T: 1, F: 5, DK: , DK: 2)
-)
Pangandaran (T: 1, F: Kota Yogyakarta (T: Mataram (T: 1, F: -,
-, DK: -) 10, F: 4 , DK: 3) DK: -)

Area dangerous (red) safe

Tsunami Map (BNPB, 2012) (green) (True: -, False: -, Don’t
Know: -)
 Signs of a tsunami coming
Informants Percentage Comprehension
Flooding School
Neighbors
Pyroclastic flows There are still some
Family
misunderstandings about tsunami
Smoke Friends
signs, especially mixed with eruption
Internet News…
Eruption signs. Some people don’t know other
Printed…
Animals acting signs of tsunami
Government…
strange and restless
Government…
Animals coming
down… Experience…
Dark clouds in 0 50 100
the mountain area
Thick and dark Received any
clouds… a. Most only received training once
trainings about
Rumbling sound b. Most received training provided by
tsunami signs?
government organizations
Rise of river level
c. Respondents started receiving trainings
Receding river levels since 2000 (mostly in 2012, 2019, and
2020). Most feel their knowledge
Rising sea levels
increased (scale 3 out of 4) because they
Receding sea level now know tsunami signs
Earthquake
FALSE TRUE Yes No
0 50 100
 Actions after a tsunami warning Informants Percentage
School Comprehension
Neighbors
Call the police Family
Friends
There are still some
Internet News…
Hide in a bunker misunderstandings about what to do
Printed…
in a tsunami
Government…
Follow the tsunami Government…
evacuation route
Experience…
a. Most only received training once
0 50 100
Go to a high place b. Most received training provided by
Received any trainings
government organizations
Go to an open about what to do in a c. Respondents started receiving
space tsunami? trainings since 2000 (mostly in 2012,
Hide under the
2019 and 2020). Most feel their
table 17 knowledge greatly increased (scale 4
out of 4) because they now know
Protect their head what to do in a tsunami
77

Exit the building

FALSE TRUE Yes No

0 50 100
 Actions to reduce tsunami risks
Informants Percentage
Reading the Comprehension
newspaper School
Neighbors
Know where to Family
evacuate Friends There are still some
temporarily
Internet News… misunderstandings about what to do
Download Printed… to reduce tsunami risks, although not
smartphone
applications…
Government… much
Government…
Looking for Experience…
information about
tsunamis 0 50 100 a. Most only received training once
Prepare an
b. Most received training provided by
emergency survival Received any trainings government organizations
bag about reducing tsunami
risks? c. Respondents started receiving
Ensuring the trainings since 2000 (mostly from
evacuation route is
safe 2019 and 2020). Most feel their
knowledge greatly increased (scale 4
Knowing the
evacuation route out of 4) because they now know
what to do in a tsunami
Sign up for life
insurance

FALSE TRUE Yes No

0 50 100
 Comprehension
Media for tsunami awareness
education
Arts (music, drama, dance,…

Tsunami educational park

Printed media

TV news, radio

Watching YouTube

Government website
Social
Social media
Media
Guidebook

Games

Evacuation drill simulation

Training

0 20 40 60 80

Social media and evacuation drill simulation

Evacuation Drill Simulation are deemed the most effective media
(padangkita.com)
 Reference
◦ Anggraeni, V. A. (2018). 10.000 Ditanam Sebagai Aksi Pencegahan Tsunami dan Manifestasi Rasa Syukur Terhadap Alam.
https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2018/10/22/10-000-ditanam-sebagai-aksi-pencegahan-tsunami-dan-manifestasi-rasa-syukur-terhadap-alam

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Thank you very much