Capstone
Capstone
Capstone
It took time to complete this document and many people have shown their
support, encouragement, and effective pieces of advices in our struggle to finish
this project. This project would not be possible without these several people who
were instruments in helping us with our capstone project. We wish to
acknowledge these individuals who have so much contributed to the successful
completion of the study.
First and foremost, we offer our sincerest gratitude to our instructor Mr.
Rud Albert P. Abao, who gave us the opportunity to tackle such information that
we haven’t known yet. He supported us throughout our project, with his patience
and knowledge, at the same time allowing us to work on our own strategy.
Without him, this will not be completed.
To our parents, Mr. and Mrs. Lumanog, Juson, Quicho, Galendez and
Tubo, for their unceasing support, emotionally, morally and financially. For
cheering us up during the days when we felt down, tired and stressed. They’ve
been so helpful and cooperative in giving their support at all times to help us
achieve our goals.
Lastly, to our Heavenly Father, our savior, our Lord Jesus Christ, for the
protection, guidance, help, blessing and love. For giving us strength and
knowledge, and by giving us the words and terms just to correct our project.
Without Him, we can do nothing.
ABSTRACT
The FILTEGAR will be installed in open areas that are present in the
canals will be stuck at the area where our project is installed.
As we expect our project FILTEGAR will filter out the garbage in the
drainage. The water will continually flow because of the cone-shape metal and
left the garbage in the FILTEGAR. In result it will lessen the garbage that will be
spread in the bodies of water. If ever the FILTEGAR will be full, it will be
manually removed and segregation of garbage will be done.
For a long time, urban drainage system has existed as a vital city
infrastructure to collect and convey storm water and waste water away from
urban areas. Despite development over the years, it remains a significant
challenge to design an effective functioning drainage system.
Moreover, water is fundamental for life, but too much water with nowhere
to go can cause serious damage to roadways. It is so important for canal and
other waterways to handle running water through a drainage system; it will
lessen flooding, stock of garbage, and associated pollution during heavy or
prolonged rainfall.
Flood is one of the big problems worldwide which can ruin lots of life.
Economic, human, infrastructure, agricultural crops and all products that may
beneficial are being affected.
This project aims to enhance more the drainage system and mitigate the
chances of canals to overflow which leads to flooding. It also aims to avoid the
garbage to spread out to the sea that lead to distinction of aquatic species.
1. Why the resident of all barangays are faced with a waste water system?
2. Can sewage system improve?
3. Why wastes were spilled out through the body of water?
According to the National Capital Region, the extremely gentle gradient that
spreads almost all over the region restricts the degradation activities of the
streams/drains (EPD,2019).
The primary purpose of this project is to lessen the effect of the flooding
since we can’t stop this kind of problem. Also, the purpose of this project is to
minimize the amount of trash that can possibly spread out to the body of
water. The researchers will have a plan of the design on how to lessen this
dilemma and to improve the water drainage system in the community.
The findings of the study may provide deeper insights about the problem.
The study may determine the significant on enhancing drainage system in the
community. The outcome of this capstone project may benefit certain group.
COMMUNITY - The findings will help the people inside the community to be
aware with their surrounding that they have to be as one in doing community
service.
STUDENTS. The findings will serve as their guide on how to enhance proper
drainage system; for them to know what the problems inside the community
are.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
This study consists of the key terms that are important for a greater
understanding of the study.
Residing – To live in a particular place, the place where people live whether
house, hotel or mobile home – is where you reside.
Prolong – Extend the duration of continuing for a long time or longer than
unusual; lengthy.
Filtegar – the name of our project which mean it filter out the garbage that flows
in canal.
CHAPTER II
Montoya (2003) found out that water discharged from storm drainage system
was not directly attributed to precipitation. Sources of some of the water can be identified
and accounted from permit for permitted industrial wastewater that discharges to the
storm drainage system. However, most of the waste comes from other sources,
including illicit and or inappropriate entries to the storm drainage system. These entries
can account for significant amount of pollutants discharge from storm and domestic
sewerage system (Piit,et.al, 2005).
In some urban areas, sanitary sewers are used to transport waters from septic
tank while sanitary sewers are connected to storm drainage. Connections of sanitary
sewers to the storm drainage system may be so widespread that the storm drainage
system has to be recognized as a combined sewer system. The storm drainage system
operates to some degree as a combined sewer system, because it is used to transport
both domestic sewage and storm water. It may be that the sanitary sewerage system is
not capable of handling the load that would impose on it if a complete sewer separation
program were undertaken.
For a more environmentally acceptable sewerage system, the combined sewer may be
tied into a centralized treatment system so that the sewer waters will be treated before
disposal to the environment (Tchobanoglous,et.al, 1991). The identification and decision
to connect a storm drainage system into a sewer system with centralized treatment will
depend on the financial capability of the city or municipality. In essence, recognition of a
system as being a combined sewer system provides a focus in the regulatory community
so that it may be possible to operate the system to minimize the damage to the
environment.
When you wish to size a storm-water drainage system, you must have some
benchmark information to work with. One consideration is the pitch of a horizontal pipe.
Another piece of the puzzle is the number of square feet of surface area your system will
be required to drain. You will also need data on the rainfall rates in your area.
Based from the company McGraw-Hill stated that when you use your codebook
to size a storm-water system, you should have access to all the key elements required to
size the job except possibly for the local rainfall amounts. You should be able to obtain
rainfall figures from your state or county offices. Your codebook should provide you with
a table to use in making your sizing calculations.
Highway drainage is the process of removing and controlling excess surface and
subsurface water within the right way. This includes interception and diversion of water
from the road surface and subgrade. The installation of suitable surface and sub-surface
drainage system is an essential part of highway design and construction. Highway
drainage is used to clear surface water from the highway. Good highway drainage is
important for road safety. Roads need to be well drained to stop flooding; even surface
water can cause problems with ice in the winter. Water left standing on roads can also
cause maintenance problems, as it can soften the ground under a road making the road
surface break up and as well lead to an accident from the road users (Amit, 2016).
Dipnoan (2014) studied highway surface drainage system and problems of water
logging and concluded that adverse roadway elements contributing to highway accidents
were substandard roadway alignment or geometry, lack of shoulders and shoulder
defects, absent or inappropriate pedestrian facilities, narrow and defective lanes and
bridges/bridge approaches, roadside hazards, undefined pavement centre and edge
lines, poor sight distances and visibility, unmarked and inappropriate design of
intersections, serious allocation deficiencies along the route, haphazard bus
shelters/stops, and others are causes of water logging problem in highway. This
research traced that Proper drainage is a very important consideration in design of a
highway. Inadequate drainage facilities can lead to premature deterioration of the
highway and the development of adverse safety conditions such as hydroplaning. It is
common, therefore, for a sizable portion of highway construction budgets to be devoted
to drainage facilities. Studied highway drainage system and started that highway is
importance for removing water from the road surface, preventing ingress of water into
the pavement, passing water across the road, either under or over and preventing scour
and/ or washout of the pavement, shoulder, batter slopes, water courses and drainage
structures. He identified types of drainage on the highway to include kerb and gullies,
surface water channel, combined filter drain (French drain), over-the-edge drainage,
drainage channel locks, combined kerb and drainage units, linear drainage channels, fin
and narrow filter drain (sub-surface drainage) and edge drainage for porous asphalt
(Muhammad,2014).
LOCAL LITERATURE
A study by Monisit (1997) entitled “The Status of Danao City Main Drainage with
its Implications to Sewerage System of the Local Government Unit: Measures for
Improvement” discussed about the need of the existing drainage system in Danao City
to be improved and developed. Residents of the city have experienced major problems
about health and water supply.
From the review, it has been concluded that poor drainage facilities on highway
structures has many devastating effects on the economy of users, as both
functional and structural failures due to poor drainage leads to increase in travel
time, thus reducing productivity of a community or nation, it leads to sicknesses such
as Malaria fever due to breeding of mosquitoes in stagnant water around poorly
drained pavements in residential areas, there is increased number of accidents thus
leading to the death of many. etc. The effect of poor drainage condition on road is very
adverse. It causes the failure of road in different ways. Proper drainage system provided
to the road increases the life of roads. But the improper drainage system causes the
failure of the road at its early edge. Therefore effective road drainage should be taking
into consideration during construction of roads. Thus, proper design, construction and
maintenance practices should be adopted to keep roads drained.
CHAPTER 3
Technical Background
For the past few years, our country has been experiencing natural
calamities that made the entire community in despair. All sorts of solutions
have been presented but it is not enough to stop such disaster. Garbage have
long been presented as a huge problem during natural calamities. It is mostly
the reason why canals over-flow. Some garbage flow to the rivers and
eventually to the seas.
Metal Screen- the most crucial piece of our project it used to filter out the
garbage that the carries.
Metal Screw- also called as the “threaded fastener” use to hold the
screen and iron.
Hook - the important piece while strong water current occur. It is very
dangerous if we get the metal screen out from the current. We researchers, must
know the safety measures about the project, so we made a hook to get the our
filtegar.
Welding rod – with the use of the welding machine, welding rod plays the
important role of the project because it used to stick the angle bar and flat bar
together.
Flat bar - metal screen alone can’t stand the strong current of the water
so we add some flat bar to strengthen more the metal screen.
Angle bars - use to hold the filtegar against strong current of water.
Miscellaneous
Chapter 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
CONCLUSION
Drainage system and its maintenance, if neglected, could pose a
threat in community and environment causing destruction or damage as
well as the garbage that could cause unpredictable clog in the canal.
Therefore, people and the future researchers may focus on enhancing
drainage systems because it’s a must, where it helps our surrounding
seek to what it deserves to be. Sustainable drainage system is gaining
greater importance as a result of increased acknowledgment of the
positive effect such a system on nature and the environment. This paper
performs a literature review of recent developments and application of
sustainable drainage system around the community.
RECOMMENDATION
The researcher arrived at the following recommendation to the following
entities:
SCHOOL BACKGROUND
MOTTO:
"On how struggle you're in today, developing the strength that you need for tomorrow"
CURRICULUM VITAE
SCHOOL BACKGROUND
MOTTO:
SCHOOL BACKGROUND
MOTTO: "Stay low key. Not everyone needs to know everything about you.
Name: Dan Vincent Obatay Juson
SCHOOL BACKGROUND
MOTTO: "The most luxurious possession, the richest treasure anybody has, is his personal
dignity.”
Name: MARC DOMINIC B. GALENDEZ II
SCHOOL BACKGROUND
MOTTO:
“Do the best you can until you know better. Then, if you know better, do better”
“Enhancing the drainage system in the community”
Submitted by:
Ilyzza Quicho
Lionelle Tubo
Juncinth Lumanog
Submitted to:
FEBUARY 2019
Documentation