 Random Question for interview

 Knowing SP.GR for all weighting materials (hematite, barite, marble

(f),…….

Hematite :_ 5 , Barite :-4.2 ,Marble fine :- 2.75

 Knowing the SP.GR for Bentonite, diesel ,safra oil, drilled solids.

Bentonite : 2.65 . Diesel :- 0.84 , Safra Oil :0.79 ,, Drilled Solids :-2.6 -6.65

 What is the max. salinity for CaCl2.

Cacl2 :-355,000 mg/l

 How to keep eye on rig inventory and daily mud treatment.

To make a plan for every section for treatments and building up a new volumes

of mud to be in a plan and to know the treatment duse for every day and to put

in the plan the offshore Problem for small storage area and the delaying of

chemical arrivals from Mud Plant marines. Also every day to calculate the

current chemical stock and every day to know the consumption of chemical .

 Why we are using CaCl2 not NaCl in OBM.

 Because water activity of NaCl max is 0.75,more than water activity of CaCl2 is

0.4 . also the salinity of CaCl2 is more than NaCl 355,000 and KCl is 133,000 ,also

used for Ca Soap In Obm

 How to perform hole cleaning .especially in deviated wells.

The main Factor is to maintain mud rheology to let the 6 read = 1.2-1.5 Hole size

And 3 Read = more than hole size & less than 1.5 hole size

LSYP = Hole size

And by using the hi vis weighted mud pill with Low vis Mud as a tandem sweep

with more than 3 bottom up and also to use high GPM and hi RPM 120-150.

 Talk about Centrifuge mechanism.

Centrifuge Mechanism using for clean the mud with less than 6 micron solids and

we first put the required GPM and when we use it with Low Gpm we get more

cleaned mud and also it remove a low gravity solids that increase the mud

weight also we have a type of cleaning is Barite Recovery and these type is

remove the weighting material and all same like drill solids and return the barite

again to the mud to keep it weighted .

 How to prove that you have differential sticking.?

 To have no mud pump pressure also I don’t have Up and down move also I don’t

have a DP rotation but I have a full circulation

 What is LGS.?

It`s a solids that`s SPCGR is less than 2.75 like marble fine and some drilled solids

 What you will do if XC-polymer is not working. ?

Make Pilot Test to detect the issue x- c polymer is not working that`s related to

1st reasin is the Ph is less than 8.5 so I have to put Caustic Soda or Lime to let the

PH to be from 8.5-10,5

ALSO it may related to the Ca++ ratio is low so i`ve to increase the ca++ ratio by

using lime

 What you will prefer if you need 65 pcf mud (all oil mud or invert emulsion)?

I prefer Invert emulsion (OBM) because it have .a ratio of water so the weight

will be around 62-63 pcf and with little amount of weighting material I can

weight up the mud without a lot of solids but All oil the weight will be around 52

PCF so i`ll need too much of weighting material to increase it and these

weighting material will increase solids Ratio .

 What is the filtrate in HPHT in OBM

It`ve to all oil

 What if u have separation between water and oil IN OBM.

That mean i`ve emulsion problem so first I’ve to test the electrical stability and

know how much of first emulsifier that I need also at the same time if I make

alkalinity test i`ll find that excess lime is too low so I’ve to add First Emulsifier

like (Invermul-Versamul-)and add Lime to confirm Emulsion Process and also i`ve

to make pilot test .

 What is the internal and external phase in OBM.?

Internal Phase is water(brine Phase) external is Oil Phase

 What is the max. weight of Na+ formate mud.?

83 PCF

 What is the max. weight of K+ formate mud.?

98 PCF

 Why we don’t apply retort in Formate mud.?

Because the retort will explode according to high expansion force of Formate

Mud also it will push a solids ito condenser and plug it

 What will do if PH of formate mud is low.?

Use soda ASH and sodium bio carbonate is the Buffer of Formate Mud

 PPT reading evaluation.?

 I collect the first filtrate and evaluate it if it `s less than 0.5 cc that’s ok

If it more than 0.5 cc that`s mean that I’ve a problem is Bridging agents and it`s

not sealed the formation well and before taking the first filtrate I’ve to monitor

the pressure and if it increase with temperature fast ly or not .

 Knowing about Hydro guard and Max bridge mud systems.?

This job for formation bridging supported by Baker Hughes Company and for

max shield I attended it in Egypt it`s a two types of lcm dose

1 Mica Bridging type its three sizes as below :-

1-lc lube fine 2- lc lube medium 3- lc lube coarse

2- CacO3 Bridging ites three sizes and it`s acid soluble compatible with pay zone

formations also it`s three sizes as below :-

A- Soluflake Fine B- Soluflake Medium C- Soluflake Coarse

By the way the Max bridge it`s sealed the formation and this wide distribution of this

LCM give a good bridging for Formation Pores and make sealing for formation to avoid

any losses .

Max Bridge system :- Bridging agents & shale inhibitor.

 Osmosis effect from shale to mud to avoid swelling. ?

 Osmosis effect from shale to mud is related to salinity of formation and mud it

have to in balance together because the less of salinity is transfer to other so if

the mud salinity is less than shale salinity the fluid will transfer to the shale and

it will make shale swelling if the opposites happen we will get Caved shale .

 How to weight up 90 pcf mud to 110 pcf mud with rough figure (without

equation).?

If we are using Barite :- 8.9-9 lb/bbl will increase 1 bbl with 1 pcf

If we are using Marble Fine 11 lb/bbls will increase the 1 bbl with 1 PCF so we will calculate the

volume according to the previous solution ,

 Ppt test, haw to run…….. Plug permeability Test

First fill the Cylinder with mud and put the ceramic filter disk then apply a

required Temperature and pressure as per client request for 30 minutes and

then collect the filtrate and before collecting the first filtrate monitor the

pressure increasing with temperature fast or not and this first filtrate is like

formation and the result os *2 also the acceptable ratio of filtrate is 0.5 cc or

less if it`s greater that`s mean we have a problem in a bridging agent .

 Maxshild, Haydrogaurd……why they are using all these chemicals?

 Because the wide distribution of this LCM sizes its very good response for

formation pores Bridging and also good formation sealing.

 Do you can run the Maxshild, Haydrogaurd…… alone?

No but help Max shield mud engineer of Baker Hughes in Egypt middle 2012

 Did you run OBM, Formate….

I run OBM

 What is your experience on Cacl2/Caco3 polymer, fluid loss…?

I didn’t work with Cacl6/CaCO3 Polymer , this mud have a high ratio of ca so i`ve

to use the modified starch as a ca++ resistant

 What is poly amine.?

It`s a shale inhibitor

 What is chemicals are using on pickling job.?

It`s using mainly in gas wells to clean the casing and it`s in two stages

1 – casing cleaning first pump very cleaned water then mix A pickling Pill by

using a pure water and Adding CCt 3000 D 5 drums and pump it with Head and

tail Pill hi viscous water Pill with Ph 11 .

2- Tubing Cleaning by adding CCt8051D 5 drums into a pill and also with Head

and Tail Pill with Viscous Water Pill Ph=11 and also after every Pill check the
 water Purity test to know if the cleaning pill is succeeded or not after these pill

we make a reverse circulation to check the hole cleaned or not

 High sheer, low sheer, 6 rpm, hole cleaning. ?

Low shear Yp it`s very important in hole cleaning and it have to be = hole size

LSYP=(2read3- Read 6) also 6 rpm : it have to be =1.2-1.5 hole size in deviated

well to avoid any solids collection in low side of angel area to avoid any key seat

Sticking Use RM 63

 Do you have mud course, what is benefit for that.?

Yes I got in Egypt with Pico at 2011 it`s and Emec In 2013 More Advanced

 Shale Inhibition Materials.?

Black ferry black night , KCl , soltex .gilsonite

 Type and receipt of Stuck pipe, and how to prevent Differential Stuck. ?

Differential sticking it`s happened according to overbalanced Pressure in well

and also it happened according to the mud design is not good and mud

parameter it’s not ok ex there`s no good bridging mud to sealed the pores of

formation .. also the mud filtrate is high and there`s not good filter loss reducer

is not enough to prevent any filtrate losses so if there a lot of filtrate losses that`s

mean a thick filter cake main reason of differential stuck so I’ve to control mud
 filtrate losses too be little to get a thin filter cake also good bridging agent to be

suitable with formation pores sizes .

 Hole Cleaning. ?

Hole cleaning for Vertical well and the deviated well with angel less than 35

degree I’ve to use High vis pill sweep with viscosity more than mud viscosity with

30 sec and it`ve to cover from 200-500 ft. from the biggest hole size and pump it

in every connection or every tripping with 3 bottom up at least .

For deviated well angel more than 30 have to maintain the rheological

parameters to be as below :

6 RPM = 1.2-1,5 hole size 3 RPM= more than hole size &less than 1.5 hole size

LSYP=(2*RPM3- RPM6)= HOLE SIZE

35 use a hi vis hi weighted pill with low vis pill before it as a tandem sweep for 3

bottom up at least

Also have to maintain the drilling parameter by using hi GPM and Hi Rpm to

distribute the Cuttings to be 120-150 RPM.

Pm ,Pf ,Mf tests.

 Phenol Phetaline Filtrate (1 ml filtrate + 2-3 drops of PHpH the color will be Pink

then titrate with H2SO4 0.02 N till the color to Disappear the Ml of H2SO4 is the

end Point of Pf.

Add to the same Sample 2-3 drops of Methyl Orange the color will be Orange

then titrate with H2SO4 0.002 N till the Color change to be Yellow The Number

Of H2so4 mls is the end Point .

PM”- Mud Alkalinity For OBM but 1 ml of mud in Cylinder and add 25 ml of X-

Xylene +25 ml of Iso Propyl And keep Mixing it The Dilute it with water to 100 Ml

then keep mixing for 1 minute Then u will find two phase Oil Phase and water

Phase then add from 8-10 Phenol Phethaline then the color will be Pink

Then Titrate with H2SO4 N/10 till the pink color disappear record ml of h2so4 to

calculate the Excess lime

Then Add 8-10 Drops of Methyl Orange Then the color will be Orange

Start titration with AgNO3 10,000 till the color changing from orange to be light

red and record the result to calculate the Mud salinity .

 Chemicals used in drilling CMT.

 The CMt contamination is Ca and PH increasing In WBM so we are using Sodium

bio carbonate and Soda Ash and some times we are using Citric acid to decrease

the PH . citric acid and sodium bi-carbonate

For OBM drilling cement it`s good because it`s increasing the Ca++ Ratio excess

lime good for OBM ..

 What you do to increase Gel & YP.?

 By using Viscosifier like pre hydrated bentonite and polymers in wbm and in

OBM using Organophilic clay also by using RM-63 while drilling by first

making Pilot Test.

 How to mix OBM.

First Calculate the Active circulating system and the required amount of mud

then according to drilling fluid Recipe Put the safra Oil Ratio in Mud pit then

add lime and mix it for one hour then add 1st emulsifier (Invur-Mul – Versa-Mul..

Then mix it then add filter loss reducer( Carbotrol-Duratone …. and mix it

Mix in a separate tank the brine phase pit water ratio according to D.F Recipe

and put Cacl2 to the required Salinity and then transfer the brine to oil Pit the let

it to mix then Add 2ndry emulsifier (Versa Coat – Nfs350

 Then Add Viscosifier (VG-69-GELTUNE AND open a hose of water while mixing it

because it`s an Organophilic clay so it`s need water to work then finally add the

weighting material and weigh up the mud the let it to get shearing in mud pit for

6-8 hrs then circulate it in hole for 6 hours and decrease the screen sizes to avoid

the added chemical to separate on shale shaker screens .

 How to optimize 3 & 6 readings in OBM.?

The basic is by the viscosifier and by making pilot test and to maintain the

Rheology and 3,6 reading

But Aramco have a new products for 3&6 reading is RM-63 they prefer us to USE

it while drilling .

 How to Calibrate PH meter.?

By make a caliplaration by Ph4 and Ph7 .

 Formate Mud.

I didn’t work with Formate .

 LCM.

There is many types of Lcm acid soluble for Pay zone and non acid soluble for

any other formation first it` have to be contain a wide distribution of sizes to be

suitable with formation pores sizes in deviated well I’ve to select concentration
 not more than 40 PPB because I`ve a MWD and DD tools and also not to use a

coarse sizes types some times in high concentrations it`s increased the mud

weight also while preparing I’ve to increase the viscosity to can carry the LCM

Ex for LCM Types

Wall nuts –Nut Plug – Cotton seed –Mica (C-M-F)- Marble (C-M)- Soluflake (C-M-

F) – BARA CARB – OES SEAL …..etc.

 Bit Balling.?

That`s happen according to electro mechanical attraction forces between the

clay particles and metal I prove it when I’ve a sudden Drop of ROP and difficulty

while PULL out also the solution for it is 1- nut plug adding to the mud it will help

to remove it .also caustic pill water +caustic soda . also in some times we using

acid pill like HCL in some acid soluble shale that found in balling . some cases we

have to pull out and clean it Manually .

Haitham Tairelbar

Aug,26,2013

Answered By

Eng. Abdullah Abd El Salam Eisa