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    Medical Ethics 101

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    The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Autonomy requires that patients make their own fully informed decisions about medical procedures. Justice means benefits and burdens are distributed fairly. Beneficence means procedures are intended to benefit patients. Non-maleficence means procedures do no harm. Assisted reproductive technologies can raise ethical issues regarding each principle because not all have equal access, success rates are uncertain, and emotions may be negatively impacted.

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    Medical Ethics 101

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    swarajudugade
    35 views1 page
    The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Autonomy requires that patients make their own fully informed decisions about medical procedures. Justice means benefits and burdens are distributed fairly. Beneficence means procedures are intended to benefit patients. Non-maleficence means procedures do no harm. Assisted reproductive technologies can raise ethical issues regarding each principle because not all have equal access, success rates are uncertain, and emotions may be negatively impacted.

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    The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Autonomy requires that patients make their own fully informed decisions about medical procedures. Justice means benefits and burdens are distributed fairly. Beneficence means procedures are intended to benefit patients. Non-maleficence means procedures do no harm. Assisted reproductive technologies can raise ethical issues regarding each principle because not all have equal access, success rates are uncertain, and emotions may be negatively impacted.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    35 views1 page

    Medical Ethics 101

    Uploaded by

    swarajudugade
    The four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Autonomy requires that patients make their own fully informed decisions about medical procedures. Justice means benefits and burdens are distributed fairly. Beneficence means procedures are intended to benefit patients. Non-maleficence means procedures do no harm. Assisted reproductive technologies can raise ethical issues regarding each principle because not all have equal access, success rates are uncertain, and emotions may be negatively impacted.

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    1/13/22, 9:09 PM Medical Ethics 101

    What
    are the Basic Principles of

    Medical
    Ethics?
    Bioethicists often refer to the four basic principles
    of health care ethics when evaluating the merits and
    difficulties of medical
    procedures.  Ideally, for a medical practice to be considered "ethical",
    it must respect all
    four of these principles: autonomy, justice, beneficence,
    and non-maleficence.  The use of reproductive
    technology raises questions
    in each of these areas.

    Autonomy
             
    Requires that the patient have autonomy of thought, intention, and action
    when making decisions
    regarding health care

             
    procedures.  Therefore, the decision-making process must be free of
    coercion or coaxing.  In order for a
    patient to

             
    make a fully informed decision, she/he must understand all risks and benefits
    of the procedure and the
    likelihood of

             
    success.  Because ARTs are highly technical and may involve high emotions,
    it is difficult to expect
    patients to be

             
    operating under fully-informed consent.

    Justice
    The idea that
    the burdens and benefits of new or experimental treatments must be distributed
    equally
    among all groups in

    society. Requires
    that procedures uphold the spirit of existing laws and are fair to all
    players involved. 
    The health care provider must consider four main
    areas when evaluating justice: fair distribution of scarce
    resources, competing
    needs, rights and obligations, and potential conflicts with established
    legislation. 
    Reproductive technologies create ethical dilemmas because
    treatment is not equally available to all
    people.

     
    Beneficence
    Requires that
    the procedure be provided with the intent of doing good for the patient
    involved.  Demands
    that health care providers develop and maintain
    skills and knowledge, continually update training,
    consider individual
    circumstances of all patients, and strive for net benefit.

     
    Non-maleficence
    Requires that
    a procedure does not harm the patient involved or others in society. 
    Infertility specialists
    operate under the assumption that they are doing
    no harm or at least minimizing harm by pursuing the
    greater good. 
    However, because

    assistive
    reproductive technologies have limited success rates uncertain overall
    outcomes, the emotional
    state of the patient may be impacted negatively. 
    In some cases, it is difficult for doctors to successfully
    apply the do
    no harm principle.

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