Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
Schools Division of Sorsogon
Sorsogon

IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

Senior High School - Grade 12– STEM

Prepared by:
John Jessie M. Mula
Roxanne M. Dorado
Precious Ann G. Gabarda

Submitted to:
RONALD L. LOMERIO
Master Teacher II

i
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region V
Schools Division of Sorsogon
Sorsogon

“SOLAR POWERED COOLING HAT”

A Research paper is presented to

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the
Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
an Applied-track subject for Senior High School

By:

John Jessie M. Mula

December, 2021

3
3
Table of Contents

I. Title Page
II. Table of Contents
III. Introduction 1
IV. Statement of the Problem 3
V. Significance of the Study 4
VI. Sketch/Drawing of the exact measurements and label of parts 5
VII. Materials and Cost Estimates 6
VIII. Literature Review 7
a) Related Literature 8

b) Related Studies 9
IX. Research Design and Methodology 10
a) Research Design 11
b) Flow Chart of How the Study will be done/Procedure 12
c) Respondents 13
d) Research Instruments 14
e) Statistical Treatment of Data 15
X. Results and Discussions 16
XI. Conclusions 17
XII. Acknowledgement 18
XIII. Bibliography 19

Introduction

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 Farming operations carried out by farm workers are normally at

high risk of heat stress, as they work under high pressure, perform extended

hours of work under direct sunlight and high temperature, suffer dehydration,

and often do not have sufficient knowledge regarding prevention from heat

exposure. Farmers have been among the outdoor occupational workers

facing high physical load and are most at risk of severe heat exposure.

Salakót is a traditional lightweight headgear from the Philippines

used for protection against the sun and rain. They are usually dome-shaped

or cone-shaped and can range in size from having very wide brims to being

almost helmet-like. They are made from various materials including bamboo,

rattan, nito ferns, and bottle gourd. The tip of the crown commonly has a

spiked or knobbed finial made of metal or wood. It is held in place by an inner

headband and a chinstrap.

Salakot is also spelled as salacot in Spanish and salacco in French.

It is the direct precursor to the pith helmet (also called salacot in Spanish and

French) widely used by European military forces in the colonial era. Like many

other conical hats found in pretty much most of Asia, especially in China and

practically all Southeast Asian countries, the hat was designed to protect the

head of the wearer from the heat of the sun as a shade especially for farmers

who were out working in the fields and from the rain.

The sun’s rays are essential for crops, but prolonged unguarded

exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays can lead to skin cancer. For farmers and

outdoor workers, using the correct headgear could mean the difference

between life and death. Starting from the top, farmers wear hats. The sun is

essential for crops, but farmers who are exposed to the sun’s ultraviolet rays

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for prolonged periods of time have a high risk of developing skin cancer.

Using hats can mean the difference between life or death for farmers.

Farmers should definitely wear hats when they’re working, and there are two

main reasons. The first one is sun protection, and the second one is to protect

their head and brain.

For a few years now, the popularity of baseball caps, or face caps

as they are conventionally called, has skyrocketed especially among

millennial farmers because they are comfortable, colorful and convenient.

However, studies carried out by The National Farm Medicine Center in

Marshfield, Wisconsin; state that baseball caps don’t satisfactorily shield

farmers in the fields from the sun and the risks of cancer. Because the human

ear tip is especially prone to cancer, according to Barbara Lee, who is a

spokeswoman for the center, farmers should instead, wear wide-brimmed

hats as these hats tend to protect the neck, ears, and temples from the

realities of the harsh sun.

Solar panels (also known as “PV panels”) are used to convert light

from the sun, which is composed of particles of energy called “photons”, into

electricity that can be used to power electrical loads. Solar panels collect

clean renewable energy in the form of sunlight and convert that light into

electricity which can then be used to provide power for electrical loads. Solar

panels are comprised of several individual solar cells which are themselves

composed of layers of silicon, phosphorous (which provides the negative

charge), and boron (which provides the positive charge).

Solar panels absorb the photons and in doing so initiate an electric

current. The resulting energy generated from photons striking the surface of

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the solar panel allows electrons to be knocked out of their atomic orbits and

released into the electric field generated by the solar cells which then pull

these free electrons into a directional current. This entire process is known as

the Photovoltaic Effect. An average home has more than enough roof area for

the necessary number of solar panels to produce enough solar electricity to

supply all of its power needs excess electricity generated goes onto the main

power grid, paying off in electricity use at night.

Farmers can produce their own energy to become even more self-

sufficient by reducing external inputs. Not only does renewable energy help

the farmer save money but also combats the effects of global warming. Solar

panels can be used to power lighting, electric fencing, small motors, fans,

pumping water, or charging batteries. In rural areas or sections of the farm

away from power lines, solar panels can be the only option.

Manual labor work in hot temperature causes of water and salt

imbalance in their body. Even in construction industry, there is a lack of

protection, which can be fulfilled by this hat. This hat can will provide safety

and will make them relax and thus making this research idea more beneficial.

The degree of comfort also depends on metabolic rate of any person – under

the influence of high temperature, a huge increase in sweating and

evaporation can also be noticed to maintain adequate body temperature.

B asically agriculture, construction, traffic warden of applied hat;

otherwise, overall output of the worker will be reduced. Extended periods spent

outside without cap may affect a lot to the workers because there are direct sun

rays fall on the whole body. So solar panel with small fan-based cap is required

by each individual those who spend extended periods throughout the whole day.

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Definitely if anybody is exposed directly to the sunrays or sun’s greatest

intensities, which in long run will affect their health. Now a days there are mo re

number of applications are developed by using solar panel.

The researchers aim to produce a wearable cooling hat that is solar

powered. For human body sunlight exposure was both positive and negative

effects. All year round most of the outdoor workers, especially farmers, work

under severe summer conditions. Most of the agricultural workers focus their

occupational heat stress which have affects their mental health condition, and

simultaneously seen some physiological disorders. It is shown in some cases that

people like to take few time to rest under some shade and due to this they take

more time to complete their task.

Statement of the problem.

The objective of this study is to develop a solar powered cooling hat in order to

determine and analyze the impact of this product to the farmers that will help

them to prevent from the heat of the sun that causes heat stroke. This study

seeks answers to the following questions:

1. What is the acceptance level of the respondents Solar powered cooling

hat in terms of:

A. Durability

B. Design

C. Usability

D. Affordability

2. What is the status of efficiency of Solar Powered Colling Hat?

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 3. How much is the whole production of Solar powered hat with fan?

4. What are the benefits of this product to the farmers?

Significance of the Study

The result of this study may provide deeper understanding about Solar

-Powered Cooling Hat. This research will be significant endeavor in promoting

how to lessen the percentage of individuals who suffered from heat stroke when

working under the hot sun.

To the farmers,

This research will benefits farmers for having a knowledge about Solar -

Powered cooling hat. This will be a good help to them and this can also help

them to prevent suffering from heatstroke.

To the Readers,

This research will benefit them to gain more knowledge and useful

information about the importance and the use of Solar- Powered Cooling Hat.

To the community,

This research will benefit them to gain additional information about using

Solar-Powered Cooling Hat especially those who work always under the heat of

the sun.

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To the Future Researchers,

As for the future researchers, conducting this study will give them advance

knowledge on how to create and innovate the same product. This study will also

give them further learnings about the efficiency and effectiveness of alternative

solution.

Sketch/Drawing of The Exact Measurements and Label of Parts

Materials and Cost Estimate Literature Review

Table 1. Materials and Projected Cost of Wearable Solar-Powered Cooling

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 USB Mini Fan 1 50.00
Cutter 1 25.00
Total Cost 380.00

The total estimated cost of making the Wearable Solar-Powered

Cooling Hat is 385.00 Php. Aside from the listed materials in the table, other

materials needed are wire, needle, yarn, and wire cutters.

Related literature

SOLAR PANEL

Solar panels are those devices which are used to absorb the sun's

rays and convert them into electricity or heat. A solar panel is actually a

collection of solar (or photovoltaic) cells, which can be used to generate

electricity through photovoltaic effect. These cells are arranged in a grid-like

pattern on the surface of solar panels.

Thus, it may also be described as a set of photovoltaic modules,

mounted on a structure supporting it. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a

packaged and connected assembly of 6×10 solar cells. Installation of solar

panels helps in combating the harmful emissions of greenhouse gases and

thus helps reduce global warming. Solar panels do not lead to any form of

pollution and are clean. They also decrease our reliance on fossil fuels (which

are limited) and traditional power sources.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/definition/solar-

panel/amp

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PORTABLE FAN

A portable fan is simply a fan that is not permanently affixed to the

wall or ceiling. Portable fans come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny battery-

powered fans that can be held in the hand, to large box fans meant to

ventilate a whole room. Using a portable fan can be a great way to keep the

air moving, moderate the temperature of a room, and supplement the use of

an air conditioner to save power.

There are a few different types of portable fans. These include

personal fans, box fans, window fans, pedestal fans, and floor fans, among

others. Personal fans may be the small, battery-powered handheld ones

mentioned above, or they may simply be a small electric fan designed to sit

on a desk, table, countertop, or dresser.

https://www.homequestionsanswered.com/what-is-a-portable-fan.htm

SALAKOT

Salakot or Salacot is a piece of head gear that has become a symbol

of Filipino identity. The material the salakot is made of reflects the natural

resources of the Philippines. These are mostly found in the area, including

bamboo, palms, and rattan leaves. Some salakots were coated in a resin to

make them waterproof to protect local farmers and fishermen from the sun

and rain.

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https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/blogs/post/the-filipino-salakot/

Related Studies

According to Nasir (2004), solar energy currently represents the

most abundant inexhaustible, non-polluting and free energy resource that

could be used economically to supply man's increasing energy demand. Over

the years, there has been a great insight into the renewable energy. As a

result there have been great strides trying out many electrical gadgets and

equipment as to how they could be powered with renewable energy sources

like the solar energy.

According to the renewable energy policy network for the 21st

century (2011), the share of renewable energy in electricity generation is

around 19% with 16% global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3%

from new renewable. One of the most exciting developments in the renewable

energy sector in recent years has been the decline in the cost of photovoltaic

(PV) cells. PV module prices at the start of 2012 were nearly 50% down on a

year earlier and some 76% below their level in the summer of 2008, when the

Spanish PV boom was at its peak (UNEP, 2012).

As availability of fossil fuel is diminishing due to over-dependence,

it becomes imperative to employ other energy sources, notwithstanding its

effects on ozone layer depletion; it is convincing that solar energy can

contribute significantly to addressing the current challenges in energy and

climate change. There is a notable growing need for countries to reduce their

emission and achieve greater energy independence while facing increasing

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volatility in fossil fuel prices, significant increase in energy demand and CO2

emissions in emerging countries and decreased nuclear generation in the

energy mix of developed and developing countries. Many though all day-to-

day useful gadgets such as fans, water dispensers, among others should

function on the solar energy.

Research Design and Methodology

To place the fan, the hat was cut in the front and on the top-most

portion of the hat the solar panels were placed. Basically the panels will be

used to capture light photons and provide electricity. Instead of fan one can

mount for charger then it can help to charge our gadgets like tablets, cell

phones and can be able to improve in the energy storage durability and

longevity. If the solar panels are connected in series with the circuit

connection then this will increase the voltage that will flow to the fan thus

increasing the fan rpm or one can say the fan speed.

A. Research Design

The research design addresses the pressing problem due to

higher electricity bills and increasing sunstroke incidents. Use of

renewable energy source like solar panels rather than electricity powered

appliances, are essential to support household electric bills and lessen

high temperature causing incidents, gaining beneficiaries in a way of

conserving money and preventing incidents. The designers of this study

will also include the help of electric cooperatives office to apply their

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learnings about power and electricity and also the perspectives of the

farmers about the said study.

In order to investigate the development and enactment of the

products, as well as the effects of the study in the community of Donsol,

the researchers will use experimental method of research as well as

Developmental method of research to test the efficiency and productivity of

solar-powered cooling hat together with the development of the product.

Experimental Development is systematic work, drawing on existing

knowledge gained from research and practical experience, that is directed

to producing new materials, products and devices; to installing new

processes, systems and services; or to improving substantially those

already produced or installed. Experimental Development means the

acquiring, combining, shaping and using of existing scientific,

technological, business and other relevant knowledge and skills for the

purpose of producing plans and arrangements or designs for new, altered

or improved products, processes or services.

The development of commercially usable prototypes and pilot

projects is also included where the prototype is necessarily the final

commercial product and where it is too expensive to produce for it to be

used only for demonstration and validation purposes. The experimental

production and testing of products, processes and services are also

eligible, provided that theses cannot be used or transformed to be used in

industrial applications or commercially.

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 Experimental development does not include the routine or periodic

changes made to products, production lines, manufacturing processes,

existing services and other operations in progress, even if such changes

may represent improvements. (Community framework for state aid for

research and development and innovation)

Flow Chart of How the Study will be done/Procedure

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Respondents

As the study will pursue an interviews schedule type of survey the

researcher will use random sampling. The subject of the study composed of

fifteen (15) farmers and five(10)teachers and the respondents were the

farmers in our local community and the teachers from the Senior High School.

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Research Instruments

The study made used of a research instrument which are the checklist

and survey questionnaires. Surveying is the process by which the researchers

collects data through a questionnaire (O’Leary, 2014). A questionnaire is the

instrument for collecting the primary data (Cohen, 2013). Descriptive

checklists add to simple checklists as they do not only list the aspects to be

considered but provide additional background information on each aspect.

Checklists are the simplest method for systematizing scoping of the

likely effects of a proposed policy. They help point out areas that require a

more detailed assessment. In some cases checklists also represent the

impact analysis itself. Checklists can help to organize the assessment and

identify the most important issues, they can also be used for a comparison of

policy options. Questions can often be answered with yes or no, or they may

require only an ordinal assessment of impacts.

Hence, checklists can be quick and easy to use, if all necessary data

have already been collected, these data are readily available, and the person

using the checklist is already familiar with the proposed measure. If data is

missing, checklists can identify which evidence or analysis is still required and

which expertise is still needed to complete the analysis.

The instrument used contains the possible ways of solutions and

programs to be proposed to advocate the study and the product that will lead

to beneficiaries of every Farmers in Community . Checklists questionnaires

and survey questionnaires are instruments consisting a set of questions for

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gathering information and data. Both instrument used includes facilitator who

facilitates the continuity process of the questionnaires.

In addition, it also requires respondents who answers and responds to

those questions given on the questionnaires. The checklist must be reliable-

that is, the random error of responses must be minimized so that consistency

of measurements is achieved. Checklist reliability refers to the consistency

with which two (or more) raters evaluate the same data using the same

scoring criteria at a particular time. Survey is a method used which many

people were asked questions or a series of questions in order to gather

information.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical treatment is essential in order to make use of data in the

right form. Raw data collection is only one aspect of any experiment; the

organization of data is equally important so that appropriate conclusion can be

drawn.

Pearson’s Momentum Correlation Coefficient. This will be used in

order to examine the correlation of status of Energy Source to status of the

Energy Quality produced by solar panel.

❑ ❑ ❑
n (∑ ❑ xy)−( ∑ ❑ x)( ∑ ❑ y )
r= ❑ ❑ ❑
√¿ ¿¿

where n is the number of data pairs

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 Mean. This will be utilized to get the most appropriate and most

accurate energy quality produced by solar panel .

Results and Discussions

When the sun just comes out and shines on the panels that time

the fan spins. By wearing this hat on the head it makes one feel cool and

provides comfort to the person wearing. It actually works pretty well when

relying on the sun. This work performance is very strong especially when the

sun is in full force and the spinning at that period will be extremely fast. There

is a little bit noise from the fan but it is a tolerable also it does not annoy

anyone rather all have to appreciate the cooling effect as it makes the face a

pretty cool. If someone will sit in the shade then the fan is not going to work

anymore. The main purpose is to relieve heat from the head and face by this

innovative solar mounted hat.

To place the fan, the hat was cut in the front and on the top-most

portion of the hat, the solar panels were placed. Basically, the panels will be

used to capture light photons and provide electricity. Instead of fan one can

mount for charger then it can help to charge our gadgets like tablets, cell

phones and can be able to improve in the energy storage durability and

longevity. If the solar panels are connected in series with the circuit

connection then this will increase the voltage that will flow to the fan thus

increasing the fan rpm or one can say the fan speed.

3
 Normally, the fan gets energy from electricity which is basically from

the solar panels, where it converts solar energy. Depending upon the material

of the fan the speed may vary. Normally blades of the fan are made plastic, so

that it can be safe to the person who is wearing it. There may be the designer

choice whether one will put a tiny switch or it automatically work for all the

time.

Particularly in this type, one has to keep the hat on the head and the

hat not only provides shade to the head, but also the fan arrangement also

makes the person feel cool and sweet to the face.

Conclusions

For human body sunlight exposure was both positive and negative

effects. All year round most of the outdoor workers work under severe

summer conditions. Most of the agricultural workers focus their occupational

heat stress which have effects their mental health condition, and

simultaneously seen some physiological disorders. It is shown in some cases

that people like to take few time to rest under some shade and due to this

they take more time to complete their task.

Acknowledgement

This research paper is made possible through the help and support

from everyone, including teachers, family, classmates, friends, and in

essence, all sentient beings. Especially, please allow us to dedicate our

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acknowledgement of gratitude toward the following significant advisors and

contributors.

First and foremost, we would like to thank God for his unconditional

guidance and wisdom as we make our research.

Second, we would like to thank our instructor for her most support and

encouragement for giving us this research. This gives us the experience on

how to cooperate and engage our self in a serious project.

Finally, we sincerely give thanks to our parents and friends who

provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research would

not be possible without of them.

Bibliography

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6466949/

https://nhm.org/stories/filipino-salakot

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https://www.mrsolar.com/what-is-a-solar-panel/#:~:text=Solar%20panels

%20(also%20known%20as,used%20to%20power%20electrical%20loads.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/m.economictimes.com/definition/solar-

panel/amp

https://www.homequestionsanswered.com/what-is-a-portable-fan.htm

https://my.christchurchcitylibraries.com/blogs/post/the-filipino-salakot/