Designation: A523 − 96 (Reapproved 2012)

Standard Specification for

Plain End Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel
Pipe for High-Pressure Pipe-Type Cable Circuits1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices

and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
1.1 This specification covers seamless and electric-
to use.
resistance-welded steel pipe used as conduit for the installation
of high-pressure pipe-type electrical cables in NPS 4 to NPS
2. Referenced Documents
12, inclusive, with nominal (average) wall thicknesses 0.219 to
0.562 in., depending on size. Pipe having other dimensions 2.1 ASTM Standards:2
(Note 2) may be furnished, provided such pipe complies with A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
all other requirements of this specification. of Steel Products
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
NOTE 1—The dimensionless designator NPS (nominal pipe size) has cal Analysis of Steel Products
been substituted in this standard for such traditional terms as “nominal
diameter,” “size,” and “nominal size.” E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
NOTE 2—A comprehensive listing of standardized pipe dimensions is of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)3
contained in ANSI B36.10. 2.2 ANSI Standard:
1.2 Pipe ordered under this specification is suitable for B36.10 Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe4
welding and for forming operations involving flaring, belling,
and bending. 3. Ordering Information
1.3 Pipe for this purpose shall be furnished in Grade A or 3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
Grade B as specified in the purchase order. Grade A is more include the following, as required, to describe the desired
suitable for forming operations involving bending, flaring, or material adequately:
belling and this grade is normally preferred. This provision is 3.1.1 Quantity (feet or number of lengths),
not intended to prohibit the cold bending, flaring, or belling of 3.1.2 Name of material (steel pipe),
Grade B pipe. 3.1.3 Method of manufacture (seamless or electric-
resistance-welded),
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.1.4 Grade (Table 1),
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1.5 Size (outside diameter and nominal wall thickness or
and are not considered standard. weight per foot),
3.1.6 Length when other than specified in Section 13,
1.5 The following hazard caveat applies to the test method 3.1.7 End finish (Section 16),
portion, Section 20, of this specification: This standard does 3.1.8 Skelp for tension tests, if permitted 20.2,
not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,
3.1.9 When mill applied coating is required (Section 10),
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
and
3.1.10 ASTM specification number.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved March 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A523 – 96 (2005). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A0523-96R12. the ASTM website.
3
This specification was initiated by the IEEE Insulated Conductors Committee in The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
recognition of the need for a specification embodying the special requirements of www.astm.org.
4
pipe for high-voltage electrical circuits. It was prepared for acceptance as an ASTM Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
specification by a task group of Subcommittee A01.09 of ASTM Committee A01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A523 − 96 (2012)
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Grade A Grade B Composition, %
Tensile strength, min, ksi (MPa) 48 (330) 60 (415) Carbon, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sulfur,
Yield strength, min, ksi (MPa) 30 (205) 35 (240) max max max max
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %: Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product Heat Product
Basic minimum elongation for walls 5⁄16 in. (7.94 35 30
mm) and over in thickness, longitudinal strip Grade A
tests, and for small sizes tested in full section. Seamless 0.22 0.25 0.90 0.95 0.035 0.045 0.050 0.060
When standard round 2-in. or 50-mm gage length 28 22 E.R.W.A 0.21 0.25 0.90 0.95 0.035 0.045 0.050 0.060
test specimen is used Grade B
For longitudinal strip tests, the width of the gage 1.75A 1.50A Seamless 0.27 0.30 1.15 1.20 0.035 0.045 0.050 0.060
section shall be 11⁄2 in. (38.1 mm) and a E.R.W.A 0.26 0.30 1.15 1.20 0.035 0.045 0.050 0.060
deduction for each 1⁄32 in. (0.79 mm) decrease in A
Electric-Resistance-Welded pipe.
wall thickness below 5⁄16 in. (7.94 mm) from the
basic minimum elongation of the following
percentage points
A
The following tableB gives the minimum computed values: conform to the requirements specified in Section 5 for the
grade of pipe ordered.

Wall Thickness Elongation in 2 in. or 50 7. Product Analysis

mm, min, %
7.1 When specified in the purchase order, a product analysis
in. mm Grade A Grade B
report shall be furnished by the manufacturer on two pipes
⁄ (0.312)
5 16 7.94 35.0 30.0
⁄ (0.281)
9 32 7.14 33.2 28.5
from each lot of 400 lengths, or fraction thereof, of 41⁄2-in.
1⁄4 (0.250) 6.35 31.5 27.0 outside diameter and 59⁄16-in. outside diameter sizes and from
7⁄32 (0.219) 5.56 29.8 25.5
3⁄16 (0.188)
each lot of 200 lengths, or fraction thereof, of each size 65⁄8-in.
4.76 28.0 24.0
5⁄32 (0.156) 3.97 26.2 22.5 outside diameter through 123⁄4-in. outside diameter pipe.
1⁄8 (0.125) 3.18 24.5 21.0 Samples for chemical analysis, except for spectrographic
3⁄32 (0.094) 2.38 22.8 19.5
1⁄16 (0.062)
analysis, shall be taken in accordance with Practice E59. The
1.59 21.0 18.0
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the
B
This table gives the computed minimum elongation values for each 1⁄32 in. requirements specified in Section 5.
(0.79 mm) decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between two
values shown above, the minimum elongation value shall be determined by the 7.2 Product Analysis Retests—If both lengths of pipe rep-
following equation: resenting the lot fail the specified product analysis, the lot shall
Grade Equation be rejected, or at the option of the manufacturer, all of the
A E = 56t + 17.50 remaining lengths of the lot shall be tested individually for
B E = 48t + 15.00 conformance to the specified requirements. If only one of the
where: lengths of pipe representing the lot fails the specified check
analysis, the lot shall be rejected or, at the option of the
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in. manufacturer, two retest analyses shall be made on two
additional lengths selected from the same lot. If both of these
retest analyses conform to the specified requirements, the lot
shall be accepted except for the length which failed on the
initial analysis. If one or both of the retest analyses fail the
4. Process specified requirements, the entire lot shall be rejected, or, at the
4.1 The steel shall be made by one or more of the following option of the manufacturer, each of the remaining lengths shall
processes: open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. be tested individually. Only analysis of the rejecting element or
4.2 Steel may be cast in ingots or may be strand cast. When elements is necessary in checking the remaining lengths.
steels of different grades are sequentially strand cast, identifi- 8. Tensile Requirements
cation of the resultant transition material is required. The
producer shall remove the transition material by any estab- 8.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
lished procedure that positively separates the grades. tensile properties prescribed in Table 1.
8.2 The yield point shall be determined by the drop of the
5. Chemical Composition beam or by the halt in the gauge of the testing machine, by the
5.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to use of dividers, or by other approved methods. When a definite
chemical composition prescribed in Table 2 and the chemical yield point is not exhibited, the yield strength corresponding to
analysis shall be in accordance with Test Methods, Practices, a permanent offset of 0.2 % of the gauge length of the
and Terminology A751. specimen or to a total extension of 0.5 % of the gauge length
of the specimen under load shall be determined.
6. Heat Analysis 8.3 The test specimen taken across the weld shall show a
6.1 When specified in the purchase order, the manufacturer tensile strength not less than the minimum tensile strength
shall report the heat analysis of each heat of steel used in the specified for the grade of pipe ordered. This test will not be
manufacture of pipe to this specification. The analysis shall required for pipe under NPS 8.

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 A523 − 96 (2012)
9. Flattening Test Requirements 9.5 When low D-to-t ratio tubulars are tested, because the
9.1 Seamless Pipe—For seamless pipe, a section not less strain imposed due to geometry is unreasonably high on the
than 21⁄2 in. (63.5 mm) in length shall be flattened cold between inside surface at the 6 and 12 o’clock locations, cracks at these
parallel plates in two steps. During the first step, which is a test locations shall not be cause for rejection if the D-to-t ratio is
for ductility, no cracks or breaks on the inside or outside or end less than ten.
surfaces, except as provided for in 9.5, shall occur until the 10. Coatings
distance between the plates is less than the value of H
calculated by the following equation: 10.1 Unless otherwise specified, the pipe shall not be given
a mill coating of paint, oil, or any other material either inside
~ 11e ! t or outside.
H5 (1)
t
e1
D 11. Dimensions and Weight
where: 11.1 Dimensions and weight of pipe included in this speci-
H = distance between flattening plates, in. (mm), fication are listed in Table 3.
e = deformation per unit length (constant for a given
grade of steel, 0.09 for Grade A and 0.07 for Grade B), 12. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations
t = specified wall thickness, in. (mm), and 12.1 Weight—The weight of the pipe as specified in Table 3
D = specified outside diameter, in. (mm). shall not vary by more than the following amounts:
During the second step, which is a test for soundness, the Extra-strong and lighter wall thickness ±5 %
flattening shall be continued until the specimen breaks or the Minimum permissible length ±10 %
opposite walls of the pipe meet. Evidence of laminated or
unsound material that is revealed during the entire flattening
test shall be cause for rejection. TABLE 3 Dimensions, Weight, and Test Pressures

9.2 Electric-Resistance-Welded Pipe—A specimen at least 4 NPS Outside Wall Nominal Test Pressure
Desig- Di- Thickness Weight Grade A Grade B
in. (101.6 mm) in length shall be flattened cold between nator ameter,
parallel plates in three steps with the weld located either 0 or in. in. mm lb/ft kg/m psi MPa psi MPa

90° from the line of direction of force as required in 9.2.1 4 4⁄12 0.237 6.02 10.79 16.1 1900 13.10 2200 15.17
0.250 6.35 11.35 16.9 2000 13.79 2300 15.86
during the first step, which is a test for ductility of the weld, no 0.281 7.14 12.66 18.8 2200 15.17 2500 17.24
cracks or breaks on the inside or outside surfaces shall occur 0.312 7.92 13.96 20.7 2500 17.24 2500 17.24
until the distance between the plates is less than two thirds of 5 59⁄16 0.219 5.56 12.50 18.6 1400 9.65 1700 11.72
0.258 6.55 14.62 21.8 1700 11.72 1900 13.10
the original outside diameter of the pipe. As a second step, the 0.281 7.14 15.85 23.6 1800 12.41 2100 14.48
flattening shall be continued. During the second step, which is 0.312 7.92 17.50 26.0 2000 13.79 2400 16.55
test for ductility exclusive of the weld, no cracks or breaks on 0.344 8.74 19.17 28.6 2200 15.17 2500 17.24
6 6 5⁄ 8 0.250 6.35 17.02 25.3 1400 9.65 1600 11.03
the inside or outside surfaces, except as provided for in 9.5, 0.280 7.11 18.97 28.2 1500 10.34 1800 12.41
shall occur until the distance between the plates is less than one 0.312 7.92 21.04 31.3 1700 11.72 2000 13.79
third of the original outside diameter of the pipe but is not less 0.344 8.74 23.08 34.3 1900 13.10 2200 15.17
0.375 9.52 25.03 37.2 2000 13.79 2400 16.55
than five times the wall thickness of the pipe. During the third 0.500A 12.70A 32.71 A
48.7A 2500 17.24 2500 17.24
step, which is a test for soundness, the flattening shall be 8 8 5⁄8 0.250 6.35 22.36 33.3 1000 6.89 1200 8.27
continued until the specimen breaks or the opposite walls of the 0.277 7.04 24.70 36.8 1200 8.27 1300 8.96
0.312 7.92 27.70 41.2 1300 8.96 1500 10.34
pipe meet. Evidence of laminated or unsound material or of 0.322 8.18 28.55 42.6 1300 8.96 1600 11.03
incomplete weld that is revealed during the entire flattening test 0.344 8.74 30.42 45.3 1400 9.65 1700 11.72
shall be cause for rejection. 0.375 9.52 33.04 49.2 1600 11.03 1800 12.41
0.438 11.13 38.30 57.0 1800 12.41 2100 14.48
9.2.1 For pipe produced in single lengths, the flattening test 0.500 12.70 43.39 64.6 2100 14.48 2400 16.55
specified in 9.2 shall be made on both crop ends cut from each 10 103⁄4 0.250 6.35 28.04 41.7 850 5.86 1000 6.89
length of pipe. The tests from each end shall be made 0.279 7.09 31.20 46.4 1000 6.89 1200 8.27
0.307 7.80 34.24 50.9 1000 6.89 1200 8.27
alternately with the weld at 0° and at 90° from the line of 0.344 8.74 38.23 56.9 1100 7.58 1300 8.96
direction of force. For pipe produced in multiple lengths, the 0.365 9.27 40.48 60.2 1200 8.27 1400 9.65
flattening test shall be made on crop ends representing the front 0.438 11.13 48.24 71.6 1500 10.34 1700 11.72
0.500 12.70 54.74 8.15 1700 11.72 2000 13.79
and back of each coil with the weld at 90° from the line of 0.562A 14.27A 61.15A 91.0A 1900 13.10 2200 15.17
direction of force, and on two intermediate rings representing 12 123⁄4 0.250 6.35 33.38 49.7 700 4.83 800 5.52
each coil with the weld 0° from the line of direction of force. 0.281 7.14 37.42 55.7 800 5.52 950 6.55
0.312 7.92 41.45 61.7 900 6.21 1000 6.89
9.3 Surface imperfections in the test specimen before 0.330 8.38 43.77 65.1 1000 6.89 1200 8.27
0.344 8.74 45.58 67.8 1000 6.89 1200 8.27
flattening, but revealed during the first step of the flattening 0.375 9.52 49.56 73.7 1100 7.58 1200 8.27
test, shall be judged in accordance with the finish requirements 0.438 11.13 57.59 86.7 1200 8.27 1400 9.65
in Section 15. 0.500 12.70 65.42 97.3 1400 9.65 1600 11.03
0.562A 14.27A 73.15A 108.8A 1600 11.03 1900 13.10
9.4 Superficial ruptures as a result of surface imperfections A
Designates weights heavier than extra-strong.
shall not be cause for rejection.

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 A523 − 96 (2012)
12.2 Diameter—The outside diameter shall not vary more 17.1.2 Where the depth exceeds 331⁄3 % of the tabulated
than 61 % from the diameter specified. Pipe NPS 10 and wall thickness, and
smaller shall not be more than 1⁄64 in. (0.4 mm) smaller and 17.1.3 Where the length of the defect, in which the depth
NPS 12 pipe shall not be more than 1⁄32-in. (0.8-mm) smaller exceeds 121⁄2 % of the wall thickness, is greater than 25 % of
than the tabulated outside diameter for a distance of 4 in. the tabulated outside diameter of the pipe.
(101.6 mm) from the end. The pipe shall permit passage over 17.2 All repairs shall be made by removing the defect
the ends for a distance of 4 in. of a ring gauge having a bore completely, thoroughly cleaning the cavity, and then welding.
1⁄16-in. larger than the tabulated diameter of NPS 10 and
Each length of repaired pipe shall be tested hydrostatically in
smaller pipe, and a bore 3⁄32 in. (2.4 mm) larger for NPS 12 accordance with Section 19.
pipe.
17.3 No repair of the longitudinal weld is permitted.
12.3 Thickness—The minimum wall thickness at any point
shall not be more than 12.5 % under, or the maximum
18. Number of Tests and Retests
thickness more than 15.0 % over, the nominal wall thickness
specified. 18.1 One of each of the tests specified in Sections 8 and 9,
except 9.2, shall be made on one length of pipe from each lot
13. Lengths of 500 lengths, or fraction thereof, of each size. A length is
13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the defined as the length as ordered, except that in the case of
finished length of pipe for the entire shipment shall conform to orders for cut lengths shorter than single random, the term lot
the following: shall apply to the lengths as rolled, prior to cutting to the
Minimum permissible length 35 ft 0 in. (10.7 m)
required short lengths.
Maximum permissible length 50 ft 0 in. (15.2 m)
18.2 The number of flattening tests required for electric-
14. Jointers resistance-welded pipe shall be as given in 9.2.1.
14.1 Jointers shall not be permitted. 18.3 Each length of pipe shall be subjected to the hydro-
static test specified in Section 19.
15. Workmanship
18.4 If the results of the mechanical tests of any lot do not
15.1 The condition of the inside of the pipe is of utmost conform to the requirements specified in Sections 8 and 9,
importance to avoid damage to the cable during installation. except 9.2.1, retests may be made on additional pipe of double
15.2 The pipe bore shall be smooth and free of protruding the original number tested from the same lot, each test
weld beads, slivers, or any other projections that cannot be conforming to the requirements specified.
readily removed with a power wire brush or by shot, sand, or 18.5 If any section of the pipe fails to comply with the
grit blasting. The internal finish of the longitudinal seam of requirements of 9.2 for pipe produced in single lengths, other
electric-resistance-welded pipe shall be smooth and free of sections may be cut from the same end of the same length until
sharp edges and sharp grooves. The interior of all pipes shall be satisfactory tests are obtained, except that the finished pipe
free of loose scale. Pipe ends shall not be rounded out by shall not be shorter than 80 % of its length after the initial
hammering. cropping; otherwise, the length shall be rejected. For pipe
15.3 The finished pipe shall be reasonably straight and free produced in multiple lengths, retests may be cut from each end
of laminations and defects. Any imperfection shall be consid- of each individual length in the multiple. Such tests shall be
ered a defect when the depth is in excess of 121⁄2 % of the made with the weld alternately 0° and 90° from the line of
tabulated wall thickness of the pipe. direction of force.
16. End Finish
19. Hydrostatic Test
16.1 When pipe ends are to be flared for butt-welding with
19.1 Each length of pipe shall be tested at the mill to the
the use of backing rings, the ends shall be beveled to an angle
hydrostatic pressures prescribed in Table 3. The hydrostatic
of 30 +5, −0° measured from a line drawn perpendicular to the
pressure shall be maintained for not less than 5 s.
axis of the pipe, and with a root face of 1⁄16 6 1⁄32 in. (1.6 6 0.8
mm). The pipe ends shall have burrs removed from both the
20. Test Methods
inside and outside edges.
20.1 The test specimens and the tests required by this
16.2 When pipe ends are to be prepared for bell and spigot
specification shall conform to those described in the latest issue
jointing, the ends shall be cut square with the axis of the pipe.
of Test Methods and Definitions A370. When impracticable to
The inside and outside edges shall be smooth and free of burrs.
pull a test specimen in full thickness, the standard 2-in. or
17. Repair of Defects 50-mm gauge length tension test specimen shown in Fig. 6 of
17.1 Repair of defects in seamless pipe and in the base Test Methods and Definitions A370 may be used.
metal of welded pipe shall be permissible except where: 20.2 The longitudinal tension test specimen shall be taken
17.1.1 More than one repair is required in any length from the end of the pipe or, by agreement between the
equivalent to ten times the tabulated outside diameter of the manufacturer and the purchaser, may be taken from the skelp,
pipe, at a point approximately 90° from the weld, and shall not be

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 A523 − 96 (2012)
flattened between gauge marks. The sides of each specimen requirements of this specification based on the inspection and
shall be parallel between gauge marks. test method as outlined in this specification, the length may be
20.3 Transverse weld test specimens from electric-welded rejected and the manufacturer shall be notified. Disposition of
pipe shall be taken with the weld at the center of the specimen. rejected pipe shall be a matter of agreement between the
All transverse test specimens shall be approximately 11⁄2 in. manufacturer and the purchaser.
(38.1 mm) wide in the gauge length and shall represent the full 22.2 Pipe found in fabrication or in installation to be
wall thickness of the pipe from which the specimen was cut. unsuitable for the intended use, under the scope and require-
20.4 Test specimens for flattening tests shall consist of ments of this specification, may be set aside and the manufac-
sections cut from a pipe. Specimens for flattening tests shall be turer notified. Such pipe shall be subject to mutual investiga-
smooth on the ends and free of burrs, except when made on tion as to the nature and severity of the deficiency and the
crop ends taken from welded pipe. forming or installation, or both, conditions involved. Disposi-
20.5 All specimens shall be tested at room temperature. tion shall be a matter for agreement.
21. Inspection 23. Product Marking
21.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
entry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser 23.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked by rolling,
is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s works stamping, or stenciling to show the name or brand of the
that concern the manufacture of the material ordered. The manufacturer; the kind of pipe, that is, seamless (S) or electric
manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities resistance welded (E); grade; outside diameter; weight per foot
to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance or wall thickness; and the specification number (see Appendix
with this specification. All tests and inspection shall be made at X1).
the place of manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise 23.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 23.1,
specified, and shall be conducted so as not to interfere bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identification
unnecessarily with the operation of the works.
method. The purchaser may specify in the order a specific bar
22. Rejection coding system to be used.
22.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufacturer
may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does not meet the

APPENDIX

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DEFINITIONS OF TYPES OF PIPE

X1.1 Type E, Electric-Resistance-Welded Pipe—Pipe pro- X1.2 Type S, Wrought Steel Seamless Pipe—A tubular product
duced in individual lengths or in continuous lengths from made without a welded seam. It is manufactured by hot
coiled skelp and subsequently cut into individual lengths, working steel and if necessary, by subsequently cold finishing
having a longitudinal butt joint wherein coalescence is pro- the hot-worked tubular product to produce the desired shape,
duced by the heat obtained from resistance of the pipe to the dimensions, and properties.
flow of electric current in a circuit of which the pipe is a part,
and by the application of pressure.

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