Mathematical Operations

6
Mathematical Operations

Introduction :
You are provided with substitutes for various mathematical symbols. This is called Substitution method.
You are required to put in the real signs in the given equation and then solve the questions.
Note : While attempting to solve a mathematical expression, proceed according to the rule BODMAS - That is, Brackets,
Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.

SOME MORE EXAMPLES

1. (48 – 12)  4 + 6  2 × 3 = ?
Sol. (48 – 12)  4 + 6  2 × 3

= 36  4 + 6  2 × 3 (Solving Bracket)
=9+3×3 (Solving Division)
=9+9 (Solving Multiplication)

= 18 (Solving Addition)
2. If × means , – means ×,  means + and + means –, then
(3 – 15  19) × 8 + 6 = ?
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) –1
Sol.(C) Using the proper signs
Expression (3 × 15  19)  8 – 6 = 64  8 – 6 = 2

3. If x stands for ‘addition’, < for ‘subtraction’, + stands for ‘division’, > for ‘multiplication’, – stands for ‘equal to’,
 for ‘greater than’ and = stands for ‘less than’, state which of the following is true ?
(A) 3 × 2 < 4  16 > 2 + 4 (B) 5 > 2 + 2  10 < 4 × 2
(C) 3×4>2– 9+3<3 (D) 5×3<78+4×1
Sol.(B) Using the proper notations in (B), we get the statement as
5 × 2  2 < 10 – 4 + 2 or 5 < 8, which is true.
Directions : (4 to 5)
Suppose in view of a number system, a symbol system was substituted, which had digits ,  , Z,  , , , ,
<, X and  corresponding to the digits, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 respectively. The digit is used in the same
fashion as the digit 0 in the decimal system.

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 Mathematical Operations

4. Which is equal to 102 ?

(A)  (B) 3 (C)   (D) 
Sol.(A) 102 = 100 means 
5. Which is the sum of 3 + +3?
(A) Z (B)  (C)  (D) 

Sol.(A) 3 + +  = 3 + 6 + 3 = 12 means  Z
6. Which one of the four interchanges in signs and numbers would make the given equation correct ?

3+5–2=0
(A) + and –, 2 and 3 (B) + and –, 2 and 5
(C) + and –, 3 and 5 (D) None of these
Sol.(A) By making the interchanges given in (A), we get the equation as
2 – 5 + 3 = 0 or 0 = 0 which is true.
By making the interchanges given in (B), we get the equation as
3 – 2 + 5 = 0 or 6 = 0 which is false.
By making the interchanges given in (C), we get the equation as
5 – 3 + 2 = 4 or 4 = 0 which is not true.

7. Which of the following conclusions is correct according to the given expressions and symbols ?
A: B:> C: D:=

E: < F:<
Expression (pEq) and (qEr)
(A) pEr (B) pFr (C) rBp (D) rBq
Sol.(A) pEq and qEr  p < q and q < r  p < r  pEr

8. If A + D > C + E, C + D = 2B and B + E > C + D, it necessarily follows that

(A) A + B > 2D (B) B + D > C + E (C) A + D > B + E (D) A+D>B+C
Sol.(D) A + D > C + E
 A + D > (2B – D) + E ( C + D = 2B)  A + D > (B + E) + (B – D)
 A + D > (C + D) + (B – D)  A + D > B + C.

Direction : (9)
In Answering the question below, use the following information :
X  Y means divide X by Y
X Y means multiply X by Y
X # Y means substract Y from X
X  Y means add Y to X

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Mathematical Operations

9. One-fifth of one-tenth of two-third of a number X is given by

(A) X (1  5)  (1  10)  (2  3) (B) X (1  5) (1  10) (2  3)
(C) X (1  5) (1  10) (2  3) (D) can’t be determined

1 1 2
Sol.(A) X × × × = X  (1  5)  (1  10)  (2  3)
5 10 3

Directions : (10 to 11)

The following symbols have been used :

× stands for equal to < stands for not equal to

– stands for greater than + stands for not greater than

> stands for less than = stands for not less than
10. If p = q + r, then it is possible that
(A) p×q–r (B) p+q–r (C) p –q – r (D) p<q<r

Sol.(D) With the notations given, we have :

p = q + r means p  q  r

From option (A), p × q – r means p = q > r, this is not true

From option (B), p + q – r means p  q > r, this is not true

From option (C), p – q – r means p > q > r, this is not true

From option (D), p < q < r means p  q  r, this is true
11. If p > q × r, then it is possible that
(A) p+r +q (B) p=r –q (C) p×q+r (D) p=q–r
Sol.(A) With the notations given, we have :

p > q × r means p < q = r

From option (A), p + r + q means p  r  q, this is true
From option (B), p = r – q means p  r > q, this is not true
From option (C), p × q + r means p = q < r, this is not true
From option (D), p = q – r means p  q  r, this is not true
Directions : (12 to 15) In the following questions, the symbols, ©, ©, =, and  are used with the following meanings
'A © B' means 'A is greater than B';
'A © B' means 'A is greater than or equal to B';
'A = B' means 'A is equal to B';
'A  B' means 'A is smaller than B';
'A  B' means 'A is eithter smaller than or equal to B'.

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 Mathematical Operations

Now, in each of the following questions, assuming the given statements to be true, find which of the two conclusions
I and II given below them is/are definitely true ?
Give answer (A) if only conclusion I is true; (B) if only conclusion II is true; (C) if either I or II is true; (D) if neither
I nor II is true.
12. Statements : S © T, M  K, T = K
Conclusions : I. T © M II. T = M
Sol.(C) Given statements :
S > T, M  K, T = K
Relation between T and M :

T = K, K  M  T > M or T = M
T © M or T = M
So, either I or II is true.
13. Statements : S  M, M © L, L © P
Conclusions : I. S = P II. S  L
Sol.(D) Given statements : S < M, M  L, L  P
I. Relation between S and P :

S < M, M > L, L  P  no definite conclusion.

So, I is not true

II. Relation between S and L :

S < M, M > L  no definite conclusion.
So, II is also not true
14. Statements : U = V, V  N, R  U

Conclusions : I. R  N II. U © N
Sol.(A) Given statements : U = V, V < N, RU
I. Relation between R and N :

R  U, U = V, V < N  R < N i.e. R  N

So, I is true
II. Relation between U and N :
U = V, V < N  U < N i.e. U  N
So, U © N i.e. U  N is not true
Thus, II is false.

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Mathematical Operations

15. Statements : E © U, C  E, C © B
Conclusions : I. U = C II. E © B
Sol.(B) Given statements : E  U, C < E, C > B
I. Relation between U and C :
U  E, E < C  no definite conclusion.
So, I is not true
II. Relation between E and B :

E > C, C > B  E > B i.e. E © B

So, II is true

PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. If being given that : > denotes +, < denotes –, + denotes , – denotes =, = denotes ‘less than’ and × denotes
‘greater than’, find which of the following is a correct statement.

(A) 3+2>4×93>1 (B) 3 > 2 > 4 × 18  3 < 2

(C) 3>2<4=84<2 (D) 32<4×93<3
2. If ‘P’ means ‘+’; ‘R’ means ‘x’ ; ‘S’ means ‘–’ ; ‘T’ means ‘’ then what is the value of

5R9P7S9T3P6=?
(A) 54 (B) 128 (C) 59 (D) 55
3. If  means +, – means , × means – and + means ×, then

(32  8)  8  2
=?
4  18  8  9  1

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 12 (D) None of these

4. If L denotes , M denotes ×, P denotes + and Q denotes –, then which of the following statements is true ?

3 173
(A) 32 P8 L 16 Q 4 =  (B) 6 M 18 Q 26 L 13 P 7 =
2 13

173
(C) 11 M34 L 17 Q 8 L3 = (D) 9 P 9 L9 Q 9 M9 = – 71
13

Directions : (5 to 7) Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below. If ‘$’ represents ‘+’, ‘ ’
represents ‘–’, ‘#’ represents ‘×’ and ‘@’ represents ‘/’ then answer the following questions based on the above given
representation.
5. What is the value of 4 # 3 $ 10 @ 5 $ 8 # 2 18 ?

(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 6.8 (D) 11.2

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 Mathematical Operations

6. Which of the following has the value equivalent of 5 $ 6 # 2 $ 8 @ 4 ?

(A) 4 # 7 12 $ 2 # 1 (B) 8#2 3$6#3
(C) 8@2 3$6#3 (D) 4$7 12 $ 2 # 1
7. Which of the values is greater than 7 $ 3 2 $ 12 @ 4 ?
(A) 4#3$6@3 4 (B) 5#2 8@4$3#3 7
(C) 6#3 18 @ 2 $ 1 # 2 (D) 9@3$6#2 2#1

8. If =7, = 27, = 81 then =?

(A) 690 (B) 689 (C) 780 (D) 789

9. If A + B > C + D, B + E = 2C and C + D > B + E, it necessarily follows that :

(A) A + B > 2C (B) A + B > 2D (C) A + B > 2E (D) A>C

Direction : (10)
In answering the question below, use the following information :
X  Y means divide X by Y X Y means multiply X by Y

X # Y means substract Y from X X  Y means add Y to X

10. A receives X number of balls. He gives 10% of his balls to B, 15% of his balls to C and 12% of his balls to D. How
many balls does he have with him now ?

(A) X  X (10  100)  X  (15  100)  (12  100)

(B) X  X (10 100)  X (15 100)  X  (1  100)

(C) X # [X (10  100)  X  (15  100)   X  (12  100)

(D) None of these

Directions : (11 to 13)

Some symbols are given below. These symbols denote some relationships between numbers

 = greater than
 = equal to

= not less than

× = less than

+ = not greater than

 = not equal to

11. a × b  c does not mean

(A) abc (B) a +b c (C) ab c (D) cb a

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Mathematical Operations

12. a  b × c does not mean

(A) c b+ a (B) bca (C) c b× a (D) ab c

13. b c  a means :

(A) a b c (B) c×b×a (C) c  b  a (D) b a c

Directions : (14 to 15)

the following symbols have been used :

×: stands for equal to

<: stands for not equal to

–: stands for greater than

+: stands for not greater than

>: stands for less than

=: stands for not less than

14. If p × q × r, then it is not possible that

(A) p–q=r (B) p=q+r (C) p+q+r (D) p=q=r

15. If p – q + r, then it is possible that

(A) p=q>r (B) p<q–r (C) p+q×r (D) p×q×r

Directions : (16 to 19)

In the following questions some numbers are given in the shape of figures. Finding the values of the figures give
the correct answer of the questions :

– =1  =2 + =3 – =4

16. =?

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

17. × =?

(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

18. ×  =?

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 5

19. + – =?

(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 5 (D) 7

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 Mathematical Operations

Directions : (20 to 22)

In the following questions find out the digits corresponding to the letters representing those digits in the multiplication
given below.
9bc
35d
3a4b
4a35
2961
34a39b
20. b stands for :

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9

21. c stands for :

(A) 7 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 4

22. d stands for :

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

ANSWERS TO PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A
15. A 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. C 21. A
22. C

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