PASSAGE 1

The diseases connected to smoking are a big problem. Doctors think that the annual medical cost for
lung cancer, heart disease, and other illnesses connected to smoking is between 12 and 35 million
pounds
And smoking costs society money in other ways. Between 27 and 61 billion pounds are spent each year
on sick days when people don't go to work, on wages that you don't get when you don't go to work,
and on work lost at the company when you are sick.
This money counts the wages from people who die of cancer at young age and stop paying taxes. This
doesn't count fire started by cigarettes, which kill fifteen hundred people yearly and injure another
four thousand. Smoking costs every man, woman and child in the UK from one hundred and ten to two
hundred and fifty pounds each year in the lost work and wages. When you add another fifty to one
hundred and fifty pounds yearly in insurance cost, that comes to one hundred and sixty to four
hundred and ten pounds. If everyone stopped smoking, a family of four could have up to one thousand
six hundred and forty pounds a year more.
Smoking will also cause other problems. People who don't smoke will live longer, and so they will take
money from the government when they are old. But they will also work for more years and pay more
taxes.
In the end, the value of a non-smoking nation is not in pounds. The good health of the people is the
true value of us all.
Question 1. If everyone stopped smoking, all the United Kingdom .
A. would have more money B. would live longer
C. would have less money D. would have no more problems
Question 2. Every year companies lose _________ because of the diseases connected to smoking.
A. money B. work C. wages D. time
Question 3. If everyone stopped smoking, a family of four could have more each year.
A. from 110 pounds to 260 pounds B. from 1,340 to 1.430 pounds
C. from 160 pounds to 410 pounds D. 1.640 pounds
Question 4. The true value for the UK of not smoking is .
A. more workingB. more taxes C. good health D. more money
Question 5. This text is about .
A. taxes which are not paid by smokers
B. diseases that smokers get
C. how much smoking costs in UK
D. how much the UK get if everyone stopped smoking
PASSAGE 2
Smallpox was the first widespread disease to be eliminated by human invention . In May, 1966, the  
World Health Organization (WHO) , an agency of the United Nations was authorized to initiate a global
campaign to eradicate smallpox . The goal was to eliminate the disease in one decade . At the time ,
the disease posed a serious threat to people in more than thirty nations . Because similar projects for
malaria and yellow fever had failed , few believed that smallpox could actually be eradicated but
eleven years after the initial organization of the campaign no cases were reported in the field
The strategy was not only to provide mass vaccinations but also to isolate patients with active
smallpox in order to contain the spread of the disease and to break the chain of human transmission .
Rewards for reporting smallpox assisted in motivating removed from contact with others and treated .
at the same time
, the entire village where the victim had lived was vaccinated
By April of 1978 WHO officials announced that they had isolated the last known case of the disease
but health workers continued to search for new cases for two additional years to be completely sure .
In may , 1980, a formal statement was made to the global community . Today smallpox is no longer a
threat to humanity . Routine vaccinations have been stopped worldwide.
Question 1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage ?
A. The World Organization B. The Eradication of smallpox
C. Smallpox vaccinations D. Infectious disease
Question 2. The word "threat" written in italic could be best replace by  
A. debateB. humiliation C. risk D. bother
Question 3. What was the goal of the campaign against smallpox worldwide.
A. to decrease the spread of smallpox worldwide
B. to eliminate smallpox worldwide in ten years
C. to provide mass vaccinations against smallpox worldwide
D. to initiate worldwide projects for smallpox , malaria, and yellow fever at the same time
Question 4. According to the passage , what was the strategy used to eliminate the spread of smallpox?
A. Vaccinations of entire villages B. Treatment of individual victims
C. Isolation of victims and mass vaccinations D. extensive reporting of out break
Question 5. The word "isolated" written in italic is closest in meaning to  
A. restored B. separated C. attended D. located
Question 6. How was the public motivated to help the health workers ?
A. By aducating them . B. By rewarding them for reporting cases.
 C. By isolating them from others. D. By giving them vaccination
Question 7. The world "they" written in italic refers to  
A. health workers B. officials C. victims D. cases
Question 8. Which statement does not refer to smallpox ?
A. Previous projects had failed.
B. People are no longer vaccinated for it.
C. The World Health Organization mounted a worldwide campaign to eradicate the disease.

D. It was a serious threat.

Question 9. It can be inferred that  
A. no new cases of smallpox have been reported this year.
B. malaria and yellow fever have been eliminated.
C. smallpox victims no longer die when they contact the disease.
D. smallpox is not transmitted from one person to another.
Question 10. When was the formal announcement made that smallpox had been eradicated ?
A. 1966 B. 1976 C. 1978 D. 1980
HOMEWORK
Many folk cures which have been around for centuries may be more therapeutic than previously
suspected. A case in point is that of penicillin. Alexander Fleming did not just randomly choose cheese
molds to study when he discovered this very important bacteria-killing substance. Moldy cheese was
frequently given to patients as a remedy for illness at one time Fleming just isolated what it was about
the cheese which cured the patients. In parts of South America, a powder obtained from grinding
sugar cane is used for healing infections in wounds and ulcers. This usage may date back to pre-
Colombian times. Experiments carried out on several hundred patients indicate that ordinary sugar in
high concentrations is lethal to bacteria. Its suction effect eliminates dead cells and it generates a
glasslike layer which protects the wound and ensures healing. Another example of folk medicine which
scientists are investigating is that of Arab fishermen who rub their wounds with a venomous catfish to
quicken healing. This catfish excretes a gellike slime which scientist found to contain antibiotics
coagulant that helps close injured blood vessels, anti-inflammatory agents, and a chemical that directs
production of a glue-like material  that aids healing. It is hoped that by documenting these folk
remedies and experimenting to see if results are indeed beneficial, an analysis made, and synthetic
substances be developed for human consumption.
Question 1. This passage is mainly about .
A. isolating antibiotics in cheese, sugar, and slime
B. antibiotics in the field of medicine
C. using folk medicines in place of modern medicines
D. the validity of folk remedies and their use for advances in modem medicine
Question 2. The word "therapeutic" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. medicinal B. traditional C. psychological D. physiological
Question 3. It can be inferred from the Message that Alexander Fleming .
A. suspected medicinal properties of mold B. discovered moldy cheese
C. enjoyed eating cheese D. isolated infectious patients
Question 4. The word "eliminates" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. kills offB. disposes of C. excretes D. cleanses
Question 5. To the passage, .
A. bacteria feed on sugar B. sugar kills unhealthy cells
C. lass is formed from sugar D. sugar promotes healing
Question 6. The gellike substance which promotes healing comes from .
A. Arab fishermen B. catfish bodies C. catfish venom D. coagulants
Question 7. Which one of the following is NOT an important quality of the catfish slime?
 A. It prohibits inflammation B. It stops bleeding
C. It produces mold D. It fights bacteria
Question 8. The word "consumption" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to .
A. utilisation B. destruction C. experimentation D. manipulation
Question 9. In what way are cheese molds, sugar, and catfish slime similar?
A. They eliminate dead cells B. They heal wounds
C. They fight bacteria D. They cause blood clots
Question 10. According to the passage, why is it important to study folk medicine?
A. To perpetuate superstitions B. To advance modern medical practices
C. To experiment with synthetic substances D. To document cultural heritages.

Alzheimer’s disease impairs a person’s ability to recall memories, both distant and as a few hours
before. Although there is no yet a cure for the illness, there may be hope for a cure with a protein
called nerve growth factor. The protein is produced by nerve cells in the same region of the brain
where Alzheimer’s occurs. Based on this relationship, scientists from the University of Lund in Sweden
and the University of California at San Diego designed an experiment to test whether doses of nerve
growth factor could reverse the effects of memories loss caused by Alzheimer’s. Using a group of rats
with impaired memory, the scientists gave half of the rats doses of nerve growth factor while giving
the other half a blood protein as a placebo, thus creating a control group. At the end of the four-week
test, the rats given the nerve growth factor performed equally to rats with normal memory abilities.
While the experiment do not show that nerve growth factor can stop the general process of
deterioration caused by Alzheimer’s, they do show potential as a means to slowing the process
significantly.
Question 1. With what topic is this passage mainly concerned?
A. impaired memory of patients
B. cures for Alzheimer's disease
C. the use of rats as experimental subjects
D. nerve growth factor as a cure for Alzheimer's
Question 2. The word "impairs" in line 1 is most similar to which of the following?
A. affects B. destroys C. enhances D. diminishes
Question 3. According to the passage, where is nerve growth factor produced in the body?
A. in nerve cells in the spinal column
B . in red blood cells in the circulatory system
 C. in nerve cells in the brain
D. in the pituitary gland
Question 4. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "region" as used in line 3?
A. vicinityB. plain C. expanse D. orbit
Question 5. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "doses"?
A. measures B. pieces C. injections D. stipends
Question 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Alzheimer's disease is deadly.
B. Though unsuccessful, the experiments did show some benefits derived from nerve growth factor.
C. The experiments did not show any significant benefits from nerve growth factor.
D. More work needs to be done to understand the effects of nerve growth factor.
Question 7. The passage most closely resembles which of the following patterns of organization?
A. chronological order B. statement and illustration
C. cause - effect D. alphabetical order
Question 8. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "deterioration"?
A. depression B. deduction C. decline D. disconnection
Question 9. Which of the following could best replace the word "significantly"?
A. considerably B. knowingly C. suggestively D. tirelessly
Question 10. The relationship between nerve growth factor and a protein is similar to the relationship
between Alzheimer's and  
A. forgetfulness B. a disease C. a cure D. a cancer