An American National Standard

Designation: F 2307 – 03

Standard Specification for

Series 10 Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Closed Profile Gravity
Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled Inside Diameter1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2307; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope D 2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading

1.1 This specification covers requirements for 10 psi pipe Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading3
stiffness poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) closed profile sewer pipe D 2444 Test Method for Impact Resistance of Thermoplas-
and fittings with integral bell and elastomeric seal joints or tic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (Falling Weight)3
plain end pipe with couplings in sizes (18 to 60 in.) based on D 2855 Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints with
a controlled inside diameter. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings3
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded D 3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals3
information only. F 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
1.3 The following safety hazard caveat pertains only to the Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipe
test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This and Fittings3
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, F 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user F 477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health Joining Plastic Pipe3
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- F 679 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Large-
tions prior to use. Diameter Plastic Gravity Sewer Pipe and Fittings3
2.2 Federal Standard:
NOTE 1—Pipe and fittings produced to this specification should be Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)4
installed in accordance with Practice D 2321.
2.3 Military Standard:
2. Referenced Documents MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage4
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3. Terminology
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing2
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to
nology F 412, and abbreviations are in accordance with Ter-
Plastics2
minology D 1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation
D 1784 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
for poly(vinyl chloride) is PVC.
Compounds and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
(CPVC) Compounds2
3.2.1 closed profile (CP) gravity sewer pipe, n—a pipe
D 2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-
product consisting of an essentially smooth waterway braced
moplastic Pipe and Fittings3
circumferentially or spirally with projections or ribs that are
D 2152 Test Method for Adequacy of Fusion of Extruded
joined by an essentially smooth outer wall (see Fig. 1).
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Molded Fittings by
Acetone Immersion3 4. Significance and Use
D 2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible
4.1 The requirements of this specification are intended to
Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow
provide pipe and fittings suitable for nonpressure drainage of
Applications3
sewage and surface water.
NOTE 2—Industrial waste disposal lines should be installed only with
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic
the specific approval of the governing code authority since chemicals not
Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.
Current edition approved August 10, 2003. Published September 2003.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01. Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111–5094, Attn: NPODS.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

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 F 2307 – 03
specification are not specified and therefore joint compatibility should be
reviewed.
6.3 The joint shall be designed to avoid displacement of the
gasket when assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s
recommendation.
FIG. 1 Typical Closed Profile (CP) (A) Waterway minimum wall
(B) Average inside diameter
6.4 The assembly of joints shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations.

commonly found in drains and sewers and temperatures in excess of 7. Requirements

140°F may be encountered.
7.1 Workmanship— The pipe and fittings shall be essen-
5. Material tially uniform in color, opacity, density, and other properties.
The inside and outside surfaces shall be semimatte or glossy in
5.1 Basic Materials— The pipe and fittings shall be made of
appearance and free of chalking, sticky, or tacky material. The
PVC plastic having a minimum cell classification of 12454C or
surfaces shall be free of excess bloom; that is, slight bloom is
12364C as defined in Specification D 1784. Homopolymer
acceptable. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes,
PVC compounds must meet or exceed the requirements of the
blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are
above listed minimum cell classification number.
visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity.
5.2 Rework Material— Clean rework material generated
Bloom or chalking may develop in pipe exposed to direct rays
from the manufacturer’s own pipe or fittings production may
of the sun (ultraviolet radiant energy) for extended periods and
be used by the same manufacturer provided pipe or fittings
consequently these requirements do not apply to pipe after
produced meet all the requirements of this specification.
extended exposure to direct rays of the sun.
5.3 Gaskets—Elastomeric gaskets shall comply with the
7.2 Pipe Fitting Dimensions:
requirements described in Specification F 477.
7.2.1 Diameter—The inside diameter of the pipe shall meet
5.4 Lubricant—The lubricant used for assembly shall be
the requirements given in Table 1 when measured in accor-
suitable for use with PVC pipe and elastomeric seals for this
dance with 8.4.1.
application and have no detrimental effect on the gasket or on
7.2.2 Wall Thickness— The minimum wall thickness of the
the pipe.
waterway of pipe and fittings fabricated from pipe sections
6. Joining Systems shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when measured in
accordance with 8.4.2. The wall thickness of fittings fabricated
6.1 Gasketed Joint— The integral bell gasketed joint, cou-
from pipes meeting the requirements of Specification F 679 are
pling, or fitting joints shall be designed so that when as-
also satisfactory.
sembled, the gasket (which is attached to either the bell or the
7.2.3 Bell Wall Thickness—In the case of belled pipe and
spigot) will be compressed radially on the pipe spigot or in the
fittings fabricated from pipe sections, the thickness of the wall
bell to form a water-tight seal. The joints shall be designed to
in the bell shall be considered satisfactory if it was formed
comply with and show no sign of leakage when tested in
from pipe meeting the previous requirements. For reducing
accordance with 7.7 when assembled with pipe for which they
fittings or those with smaller inlets, the minimum wall thick-
are intended.
ness for each inlet shall be no less than the minimum wall
6.2 Couplings shall form a water-tight seal when assembled
thickness for that size pipe.
with plain end pipe and show no sign of leakage when tested
7.2.4 Fittings:
in accordance with 7.7 when assembled with pipe for which
7.2.4.1 Molded Fittings— Molded fittings conforming to
they are intended.
the requirements of Specification F 679 may also be used with
NOTE 3—The outside diameters of products manufactured to this profile gravity sewer pipe provided an adapter (when required)

TABLE 1 Pipe Dimensions and Stiffness

Nominal Minimum Inside Tolerance on Minimum Pipe Waterway Minimum
Pipe Size Diameter,A Inside Diameter, Stiffness Series 10, Wall Series 10,
in. in. (mm) in. (mm) lbf/in.2 (kPa) in. (mm)
18 17.595 (446.91) +0.110 (+2.79) 10 (70) 0.070 (1.78)
21 20.690 (525.53) +0.120 (+3.05) 10 (70) 0.070 (1.78)
24 23.430 (595.12) +0.140 (+3.56) 10 (70) 0.070 (1.78)
27 26.420 (671.01) +0.160 (+4.06) 10 (70) 0.070 (1.78)
30 29.410 (747.01) +0.180 (+4.57) 10 (70) 0.085 (2.16)
33 32.405 (823.09) +0.190 (+4.83) 10 (70) 0.095 (2.41)
36 35.395 (899.03) +0.210 (+5.33) 10 (70) 0.105 (2.67)
39 38.385 (974.98) +0.230 (+5.84) 10 (70) 0.120 (3.05)
42 41.375 (1050.93) +0.250 (+6.35) 10 (70) 0.130 (3.30)
45 44.370 (1127.00) +0.260 (+6.60) 10 (70) 0.145 (3.68)
48 47.360 (1202.94) +0.280 (+7.11) 10 (70) 0.160 (4.06)
54 53.350 (1355.09) +0.300 (+7.62) 10 (70) 0.175 (4.45)
60 59.340 (1507.24) +0.320 (+8.128) 10 (70) 0.190 (4.83)
A
In-plant quality control manufacturing. Base inside diameter calculations should include out-of-roundness as a result of shipping and handling.

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 F 2307 – 03
is used to make the connection. The minimum wall thickness
of the molded fittings and adapter shall coincide with the
values listed in Table 1 of Specification F 679. The thickness in
the wall of the adapter bell shall be considered satisfactory if
formed from pipe meeting the previous requirements.
7.2.4.2 Fabricated Fittings—Fabricated fittings shall be
made from the pipe meeting the requirements of this specifi-
cation, or Specification F 679. Fabricated fittings with solvent
cement components shall be made in accordance with Practice
D 2855 and taking cognizance of Practice F 402. Unreinforced
solvent cement mitred joints shall not be used. Fabricated FIG. 2 Shear Deflection Test
joints shall be adequately lapped or fusion butt welded and,
when needed, additionally reinforced.
NOTE 4—A fabricated fittings standard is currently being developed by 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h prior to test.
ASTM Subcommittee F17.10. Conduct tests under the same conditions of temperature and
7.3 Pipe Flattening— There shall be no evidence of split- humidity, unless otherwise specified.
ting, cracking, breaking, or separation of ribs or seams, when 8.1.2 Quality Control Testing—Condition specimens for a
pipe is tested in accordance with 8.5. minimum of 4 h in air or 1 h in water at 73.46 3°F (23 6 2°C).
7.4 Pipe Impact Strength—The impact strength shall not be Test the specimens at 73.4 6 3°F without regard to relative
less than the values shown in Table 2 when tested in accor- humidity.
dance with 8.6. 8.2 Test Conditions— Conduct tests in the standard labora-
tory atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and 50 6 5 %
NOTE 5—This requirement is intended only for use as a quality control
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-
test, not a simulated service test.
ods or in this specification. In cases of disagreement, the
7.5 Pipe Stiffness— Pipe stiffness values for the pipe shall tolerances shall be 61.8°F (61°C) and 62 % relative humid-
comply with Table 1 when tested in accordance with 8.7. ity.
7.6 Gaskets—Gaskets shall meet the low head application 8.3 Sampling—The selection of the samples of pipe shall be
requirements of Specification F 477 and be molded into a as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. In case of
circular form or extruded to the proper section and then spliced no prior agreement, any sample selected by the testing labora-
into circular form. tory shall be deemed adequate.
7.7 Joint Tightness— All joints shall show no signs of 8.4 Dimensions:
leakage when tested in accordance with Specification D 3212 8.4.1 Inside Diameter— Determine the average inside di-
and Fig. 2. All surfaces of the joint upon which the gasket may ameter using an internal micrometer or telescoping gage
bear shall be smooth and free of imperfections, ridges, frac- accurate to 60.001 in. (60.02 mm). Take sufficient readings, a
tures, or cracks that could adversely affect sealability. minimum of four, to ensure that the maximum and minimum
7.8 Acetone Immersion—The pipe shall meet the require- have been determined. Calculate the average diameter as the
ments as defined in Test Method D 2152 when tested in arithmetic mean of the diameters measured. As an alternative
accordance with 8.8. method, an inside-diameter-type circumferential tape may be
NOTE 6—This is intended only for use as a quality control test and not used if proper care is taken to align it at right angles to the pipe
for use as a simulated service test. axis. A tapered plug gage as described in Test Method D 2122
7.9 Air Test—When pipe is made in such a manner that a may also be used.
seam or exposed channel is present, each length shall pass a 8.4.2 Wall Thickness— Measure the wall thickness of the
3.5-psi air test in accordance with 8.9. thinnest cross section of the waterway in the gaps between ribs
7.10 Exposed Channels— Cut exposed channels of closed in accordance with Test Method D 2122. Make sufficient
profile pipe shall be sealed with a material to provide an readings, a minimum of eight, to ensure that the minimum
adequate seal to prevent infiltration and exfiltration and be thickness is determined. (See Table 1).
resistant to sewer and drainage environments. 8.5 Flattening—Flatten three specimens of pipe between
parallel plates in a suitable press until the pipe inside diameter
8. Test Methods is reduced by 60 % of its original dimension. The rate of
8.1 Conditioning: loading shall be uniform and such that the compression is
8.1.1 Referee Testing— When conditioning is required for completed within 2 to 5 min. The specimen shall pass if no
referee tests, condition the specimens in accordance with splitting, cracking, breaking, or separation of seams is ob-
Procedure A of Practice D 618 at 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) and served under normal light with the unaided eye. The specimen
shall be considered as failing this test if the load does not
increase continuously (or smoothly) with increasing deflection
TABLE 2 Minimum Impact Strength, 73°F (23°C)
to the point of maximum load. The maximum load point shall
Nominal Size, in. Impact Strength, ft-lbf (J)
18 to 60 220 (299)
not be less than 30 % deflection.
8.5.1 Test specimens shall be 12 in. (305 mm) long.

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 F 2307 – 03
8.6 Impact Resistance—Determine the impact resistance of TABLE 4 Dwell Period for Air Test
the pipe in accordance with conditions and apparatus in Test Nominal Pipe Diameter Min Dwell Period,
Method D 2444. Impact tests shall be conducted at two in. min:s

different locations. The two locations are (1) directly on the 18 2:10
21 2:25
pipe midway between ribs, and (2) directly on the seam. 24 2:50
(Where a seam can not be struck directly, this orientation is 27 3:10
omitted.) Failure of the test specimen shall be any crack, split, 30 3:30
33 3:55
or shattering of the waterway. Separation of seams constitutes 36 4:15
a failure. 39 4:35
8.6.1 Test six specimens, three at each orientation, each 12 42 4:55
45 5:20
in. (305 mm) long, using either 20-lb (9-kg) Tup B, or 30-lb 48 5:40
(15-kg) Tup B and flat plate Holder B. All six specimens shall 54 6:00
pass. If one fails, test another six specimens. Eleven passes out 60 6:20
of twelve tested shall be acceptable.
8.7 Pipe Stiffness— Determine the pipe stiffness at 5 %
deflection datum in accordance with Test Method D 2412. The
pipe stiffness of each specimen tested shall equal or exceed the agreement between the purchaser and seller. Under such
minimum value listed in Table 1. agreement, minimum requirements shall not be lowered,
8.7.1 Three specimens are to be run per test. The length of changed or modified, nor shall specification limits be changed.
the specimens are specified in Table 3. Circumferentially If upon retest failure occurs, the quantity of product repre-
ribbed test specimens must be selected so that they are sented by the test(s) does not meet the specification.
representative of the entire pipe.
10. Marking
NOTE 7—A representative stiffness specimen contains the proper ratio
of ribs and flat area lengths to exhibit the entire pipe length. When 10.1 Pipe Marking—Each standard and random length of
properly selected, specimens cut consecutively from a pipe length and pipe in compliance with this specification shall be clearly
untrimmed will provide stiffness results that are approximately equal. marked by the producer in accordance with the following
NOTE 8—The 5 % deflection criterion that was arbitrarily selected for example at the interval of (5 ft) 1.5 m or less:
testing convenience should not be considered as a limitation with respect
10.1.1 Manufacturer’s name, trade name or trademark, and
to in-use deflection. The engineer is responsible for establishing the
acceptable deflection limit. code.
10.1.2 Nominal pipe size in inches.
8.8 Acetone Immersion—Conduct this test in accordance
10.1.3 The PVC minimum cell classification as listed in
with Test Method D 2152. The procedure is used for determin-
Table 1, Specification D 1784.
ing the degree of fusion of extruded PVC plastic pipe as
10.1.4 The legend “PS 10 PVC Sewer Pipe.”
indicated by reaction to immersion in anhydrous acetone. It is
10.1.5 This designation, ASTM F 2307.
applicable only for distinguishing between unfused and prop-
erly fused PVC. 10.2 Fittings Marking— The fittings in compliance with
8.9 Air Test—Test each full length of pipe for air tightness this specification shall be clearly marked in accordance with
at 3.5 psig (24.1 kPa) for the minimum dwell period specified the following example:
in Table 4. 10.2.1 Manufacturer’s name or trademark and code.
8.9.1 Seal pipe ends with a suitable restrained closure. If 10.2.2 Nominal size in inches.
exposed channel seals exist, the restrained closures should be 10.2.3 The material designation “PVC.”
positioned such that the air test checks the seals. Pressurize the 10.2.4 The designation, ASTM F 2307.
pipe with air at 3.5 psig (24.1 kPa) and cut off the air source. NOTE 9—Manufacturer’s code to include day, month, year, shift, plant,
(Pipe may be pressurized above 3.5 psig and then the pressure and extruder of manufacturer.
reduced to this level before commencing the dwell period.)
Commence timing the dwell period specified in Table 4. If the 10.3 The markings shall be applied to the pipe in such a
pressure falls below 3.375 psig (23.3 kPa) within the desig- manner that they remain legible after installation and inspec-
nated test period, reject the pipe. If not, accept the pipe. tion has been completed.

9. Retest and Rejection 11. Inspection

9.1 If the results of any test(s) do not meet the requirements 11.1 Notification— If inspection is specified by the pur-
of the specification, the test shall be conducted again only by chaser, the manufacturer shall notify the purchaser in advance
of the date, time, and place of testing of the pipe in order that
TABLE 3 Specimen Size for Pipe Stiffness the purchaser may be represented at the test.
Pipe Configuration Pipe Diameter, in. 11.2 Access—The inspector shall have free access to those
18 to 60 parts of the manufacturer’s plant that are involved in work
Circumferential 12 min performed under this specification. The manufacturer shall
Helical 12 or one full wrap,
whichever is larger afford the inspector all reasonable facilities for determining
whether the pipe meets the requirements of this specification.

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 F 2307 – 03
12. Certification inspected, sampled, and tested in accordance with this speci-
12.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and the fication and has been found to meet the requirements of this
seller, a certification shall be made on the basis of acceptance specification.
of the material. This shall consist of a copy of the manufac-
turer’s test report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by 14. Delivery
a copy of the test results, that the material has been sampled, 14.1 All pipe and couplings and fittings shall, unless other-
tested, and inspected in accordance with the provisions of this wise specified, be packaged for standard commercial shipment.
specification. Each certification, so furnished, shall be signed
by an authorized agent of the seller or manufacturer.
15. Keywords
13. Quality Assurance 15.1 closed profile wall; PVC; sewer pipe
13.1 When the product is marked with this ASTM designa-
tion (F 2307), it affirms that the product was manufactured,

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS GOVERNMENT/MILITARY PROCUREMENT

These requirements apply only to federal/military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.

S1. Responsibility for Inspection—Unless otherwise speci- supplier’s standard practice in a manner ensuring arrival at
fied in the contract or purchase order, the producer is respon- destination in satisfactory condition and which will be accept-
sible for the performance of all inspection and test require- able to the carrier at the lowest rates. Containers and packaging
ments specified herein. The producer may use his own or any shall comply with Uniform Freight Classification rules or
other suitable facilities for the performance of all inspection National Motor Freight Classification rules.
and test requirements specified herein, unless the purchaser S2.2 Marking—Marking for shipment shall be in accor-
disapproves. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any dance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-
of the inspections and tests set forward in this specification
129 for military agencies.
where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that
material conforms to prescribed requirements. NOTE —tThe inclusion of U.S. Government procurement requirements
should not be construed as an indication that the U.S. Government uses or
NOTE —In U.S. federal contracts, the contractor is responsible for
inspections. endorses the product described in this specification.

S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government

Procurement:
S2.1 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified in the con-
tract, the materials shall be packaged in accordance with the

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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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