Quiz (Semantics)

Quiz 1 Semantics
Monday, March 29 2021

Name : Ika Apriyani
SRN : 18050047
1. Explain the differences between :

a. Sentence meaning and speaker meaning
▶ Speaker meaning: is what a speaker means (intends to convey) when he uses a piece of
language.
▶ Sentence meaning: (or word meaning) is what a sentence (or word) means.
b. An utterance, a sentence, and a propositions

▶ An utterance is any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is
silence on the part of that person.
▶ A sentence is a collection of words or a series of words that can stand alone and have
meaning. A sentence (sentence) is a word arrangement that already has a meaning and at
least consists of Subject + Verb. Then it can be followed by an object depending on the
verb used. Sentence is formed from one or more clauses, where there is at least one
independent clause.
▶A preposition is a word that is usually placed or placed before a noun (noun) or
pronoun (pronoun), this pronoun shows the relationship between the noun (noun) or
pronoun (pronoun) with other words in the sentence.
2. Explain the following terms by giving examples:

a. Referring expression
Referring expression is any expression used in an utterance to refer to something or
someone (or a clearly delimited collection of things or people), i.e. used with a
particular referent in mind.
Example : The name Fred in an utterance such as ‘Fred hit me’, where the speaker
has a particular person in mind when he says ‘Fred’, is a referring expression. Fred in
‘There’s no Fred at this address’ is not a referring expression, because in this case a
speaker would not have a particular person in mind in uttering the word.
b. Reference
A Reference deals with the relationship between language and the world. Reference is
a relationship between parts of language and things outside the language (in the
world).
Example of reference is an encyclopedia.
c. Referent
A referent (/ ˈrɛfərənt /) is a person or thing to which a name - a linguistic expression
or other symbol - refers.
Example : in the sentence Mary saw me, the referent of the word Mary is the
particular person called Mary who is being spoken of, while the referent of the word
me is the person uttering the sentence.
3. Explain the definition of deixis. Mention and explain (by giving examples) five
categories of deixis according to Levinson.
Deixis is a word or phrase that refers to a word, phrase, or expression that has been used
or will be given explaining that a word is said to be a deixis whose restriction is
alternating or alternating.
The word deixis comes from the Greek which means to point. Deictic word is a word
that takes several elements of its meaning from the context or situation, namely the
speaker, receiver, time and place, the utterance in which the word is used.
Types of Deixis:
a) Personal Deixis
Personal deixis deals with the understanding of the narrative participants in the
narrative situation in which the speech is made. The categories of personal deixis are
divided into three parts: the first person category is the grammar of the speaker's own
reference. The second person is an understanding of the speaker's reference to one or
more purposes. The third person is the understanding of the reference for the speaker
and speaker person and entity of the utterance in question.
* First person: single (me, me); plural (we, we)
* Second person: singular (you, you, you); plural (all of you, all of you)
* Third person: singular (he, she, he); plural (they)
Example :
I can not swim accros the lake.
b) Time Deixis
Time deixis refers to the time relative to the time a conversation or conversation is
taking place. Time deixis will be very easy to know if speakers and speakers
understand the time of the conversation and the conversation is taking place and the
purpose of the conversation. There are several words that include time deixis,
including: now, yesterday, tomorrow, today, months, afternoon, etc.
Example:
I can't go to your house today
c) Place Deixis
The space deixis is the place relationship between the speaker and the thing in
question. Place or location can become deixis if the place or location can be seen
from the location of the people who are communicating in the conversation activity.
Example:
There we go
d) Social Deixis
Social deixis is to reveal or show differences in social characteristics between the
speaker and the interlocutor or writer and speaker with the topic or reference referred
to in the conversation.
Example:
your royal highnes, mr. President.
e) Discourse Deixis
Discourse deixis is a reference to certain parts of the discourse that have been given
or are being developed. Discourse deixis is shown by anaphora and cataphora. A
reference is said to be anaphorical if the reference or substitute refers to something
already mentioned. Meanwhile, a reference or reference is said to be cataphorical if
the reference points to the thing to be mentioned.
Example:
I want to talk about, X, Z, and Y right now.

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Quiz 1 Semantics

Monday, March 29 2021

1. Explain the differences between :

b. An utterance, a sentence, and a propositions

2. Explain the following terms by giving examples:

Example of reference is an encyclopedia.

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