Putri Anggraeni, et al / Journal of English Language Teaching 6 (1) (2017)

Rainbow: Journal of Literature,

Linguistics and Cultural Studies
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/rainbow

TRANSLATION METHODS AND DEGREE OF

EQUIVALENCE IN ENGLISH-INDONESIAN
TRANSLATION OF LEO TOLSTOY‟S “GOD SEES THE
TRUTH BUT WAITS”

Nuharani Dyah Nafisah, Rudi Hartono, Issy Yuliasri

English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Article Info Abstract

________________ ___________________________________________________________________
Article History: This research is conducted to identify the methods used by the translator in
Received in October translating Tolstoy‟s God Sees the Truth, But Waits, to describe the degree of
2018 equivalence between the English original version and the Indonesian translation of
Approved in November
the short story, and to show the relation between them. The translation method used
2018
in this research are proposed by Newmark, while the degrees of equivalence are
Published in January
analyzed using Bell‟s. This research applies qualitative method to describe the aims
2019
of this study. The data are analyzed by comparing the English short story and its
________________ Indonesian translation. After the data are identified, they are examined to find the
Keywords: Translation
method, Degree of relation between the methods used and the degrees of equivalence.The findings of
equivalence, ”God Sees The this study show that (1) six translation methods were used to translate God Sees the
Truth, but Waits”.. Truth, but Waits into Indonesian, These include semantic translation,
____________________ communicative translation, literal translation, adaptation, free translation and word-
for-word translation, (2) In terms of the degree of equivalence, it was found that 57
data are partly equivalent with increased meaning, 41 data are fully equivalent, 39
data are non-equivalent with different meaning, 32 data are partly equivalent with
decreased meanig and 1 datum are non-equivalent with no meaning, (3) most of the
translation methods used produce partly equivalent translation with increased
meaning.

© 2018 Universitas Negeri Semarang


Correspondent Address: ISSN 2252-6706
B3 Building FBS Unnes
Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229
E-mail: [email protected]

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INTRODUCTION translated text. If the objective of a translator is

to entertain and to educate the reader, therefore
Translation is one of the important tools a translator has to decide the best methods that
in communication and information media. he/she is going to use in order to make
Catford (1962:20) defined translation as translated text entertaining and educating.
the replacement of textual material in one Newmark (1988:45) introduced eight
language (Source Language) by methods of translation which are divided into
equivalent textual material in another two groups. Four methods emphasize on the
language (Target Language). Hartono source language are word-for-word translation,
(2009) stated that “translation is the way literal translation, faithful translation and
to transfer a source language (SL) text semantic translation. While four other methods
into the target language (TL) text” (p.6). emphasize on target language are adaptation,
From the two definitions, it can be free translation, idiomatic translation, and
concluded that in translation, translators deal communicative translation.
with written text. It differs from interpreting, This research tries to identify the
where interpreters deal with spoken language. translation methods used by the translator in
In translating a text, a translator should translating God Sees the Truth, but Waits. It is a
consider the types of the text because each text short story written by a famous Russian author
type needs a certain way to be translated. named Leo Tolstoy. The story tells about a man
According to Reiss (2000:160), there are sent to prison for a murder he did not commit.
four types of texts, namely informative, Since it takes the form of a parable of forgiveness
expressive, operative and the audio that contains the moral lesson, the short story
medial texts. The example of expressive can be enjoyed by all segments. Besides, the
text is narrative text in the form of short story also portrays the Russian culture which is
story. poured into the name of the characters, setting
According to Klarer (1999) short story is a and the dictions like troika and samovar. For the
brief narrative prose. Short stories connect researcher, it is interesting to find out whether
education with entertainment in order to the translator is able to render the meaning and
make learning easiesr and interesting the culture into the TT or not.
(Crumbley & Smith: 2010 as cited in This research also tries to find out the
Saka: 2014). Based on these definitions, degree of equivalence between the English
short story is one of narrative text aims to original version and its Indonesian translation.
entertain and to educate the readers. Bell (1991:6) classified the degree of equivalence
Translating short story is not an easy task as follows: (1) Fully/Completely Equivalent
because it aims to entertain and to educate the occurs if the meaning in source text is
reader. A translator has to consider a certain transferred completely into target language. (2)
way to render all the aspects of short story, so Partly Equivalent is divided into two. first, partly
that the aim of the text can be obtained. equivalent with increased meaning occurs if
Molina and Albir (2002) states that, there is additional information realized by new
“Translation method refers to the way of meaning which is not found in the source text.
a particular translation process that is Second, partly equivalent with decreased
carried out in terms of the translator‟s meaning occurs if some of the meaning in the
objective, i.e., a global option that affects source text is not realized in target language. (3)
the whole texts” (p. 507). Non-Equivalent is also divided into two. First,
From the statment above, it can be non equivalent with different meaning occurs if
concluded that translated text is greatly the translator adds information in the source text
determined by translation method adopted by with the words which have different meaning in
translator beccause it will affect the whole the target language. Second, non equivalent with
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no meaning occurs if the translator does not being pragmatically equivalent. The use of such
realize the translation of the words and idiom in translation techniques as generalization,
the source text, so the target language loses all established equivalent, linguistic compression,
information contained in source text. amplification, literal translation, compensation,
There are several scholars that have been linnguistic amplification, variation,
conducting research dealing with translation particularization, borrowing, transposition,
method and equivalence. description, and calque has resulted in pragmatic
The first research conducted by Mujiyanto equivalence between ST and TT. Only minor
(2011) entitled Nonequivalence in the English- portion (3.13%) of the translated text is not
to-Indonesian Translation of Behavioral pragmatically equivalent, and this is resulted
Clauses. Mujiyanto observed the existence of from the use of discursive creation, reduction,
formal nonequivalence appears in the translation adaptation, and modulation techniques.
of behavioral clauses and the way to achieve
functional equivalence through the presence of
formal equivalence. His study investigated a METHODS
written text in English and its Indonesian
translation. The result revealed that formal This research uses descriptive qualitative
nonequivalence may occur in word phrase, and method. A descriptive qualitative method could
clause levels. The effort of achieving functional be used to analyze and expose the methods and
equivalence at clause level was facilitated such the degree of equivalence between the source
formal equivalence maintaining behavioral text and the target text in the English version of
clauses or restructuring them to form material “God Sees the Truth, but Waits” and its
clauses, mental clauses, or verbal clauses. Indonesian version which was translated by
The second research was conducted by Harum L. Wibowo. The translation was
Hartono and Priyatmojo (2015). The goal of published in Cerpen Terjemahan website.
their research was to analyze the translation Mujiyanto (2011) stated that, “Qualitative
methods used in translating Harper Lee‟s Novel approach tried to reveal the phenomenon
entitled To Kill a Mockingbird (TKM) from comprehensively and appropriate with the
English into Indonesian. Their studies analyzed context through the natural data collection
47 idioms, 25 metaphors, and 42 employing the researcher as key instrument of
personifications. Based on the research it is the study” (p. 23).
shown that the translation methods used in In analyzing the translation methods used
translating idioms are word-for-word (21%), in translation of Tolstoy‟s God Sees the Truth
literal (36,2%), semantic (2,1%), free (12,8%), but Waits, the researcher compared each of the
and (46,8%), used in translating metaphors are sentences from both English and Indonesian
literal (80%), semantic (4%), and free (16%), version. After that, the researcher analyzed the
while used in translating the personification are translation methods in each sentence using
literal (88%), faithful (4,8%), semantic (4,8%), Newmark‟s classification of translation methods.
and communicative (2,4%). From the analysis, it can be seen the
Yuliasri (2016) analyzed translation classification of translation methods and the
techniques and pragmatic equivalence in mostly methods that were used by the translator
Indonesian translation of humorous utterences in translating the short story.
in the Walt Disney‟s Donald Duck Comics. The Besides analyzing the translation
researcher used 480 utterances that were taken methods, in this study the researcher also
from 21 Walt Disney‟s Donald Duck comics identifies the degree of equivalence between
and their translation as the data. The translator‟s English version and Indonesian translation of
choice of translation techniques has resulted in Tolstoy‟s God Sees the Truth, but Waits. The
96.87% of the translated humorous utterances degree of equivalence was gained by doing the
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analysis using the modification of Bell‟s degree Semantic translation method is identified
of equivalence. After all of the data were as the highest number in the translation of God
identified, the researcher calculated the data to Sees the Truth but Waits with total 78 data are
determine the percentage of equivalence. found. The application of semantic translation
After obtaining the result of the analysis, method can be seen in the following example:
the researcher compared between the translation S : He had two shops and a house
method used and the degree of equivalence in T of his own.
order to get the infromation about the relation T : Dia memiliki dua toko dan
between the two. T sebuah rumah pribadi.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS B : He had two shops and a private

T house
In this research, the data were identified (Datum 002)
using Newmark‟s classification of translation In example (1), the phrase „a house of his
methods and Bell‟s classification of degree of own‟ is translated into „rumah pribadi‟ (private
equivalence. house) using semantic translation method. The
1. Translation Methods Analysis semantic and syntactic structures in source text
There are 185 uses of translation methods are rendered closely to the target texts.
to translate 169 sentences as there are cases Translating the phrase „…of his own‟ into the
where one sentence is translated using more word „pribadi‟ (private) is one of the translator‟s
than one method. The result of the analysis effort in order to preserve the aesthetic value of
found that only seven methods were used in the text.
translating God See‟s the Truth, but Waits from 1.2 Communicative Translation
English to Indonesian. From 169 data that have The result of the analysis showed that
been analyzed, it is identified that semantic communicative translation is the second most
translation is the dominant method used and it dominant method used with total 52 data. The
occurs 78 times, word-for-word translation application of communicative translation
occurs 7 times, followed by communicative method can be seen in the following example:
translation occurs 52 times, literal translation S : "See if I don't sell out all my
occurs 19 times, adaptation occurs 18 times, free T goods, and bring you some presents
translation occurs 11 times, and word-for-word from the fair."
translation occurs 7 times. The result of T : “Aku pasti bisa menjual semua
translation methods analysis is presented in T barang daganganku dan pulang
Table dengan membawakanmu cinderamata
TRANSLATION PERCENTAGE dari pekan raya.”
F
METHOD (%) B : “I surely can sell all my goods
Semantic T and come home by bringing you
78 42.2%
Translation presents from the fair.”
Communicative
52 28.1% (Datum 010)
Translation
Literal Translation 19 10.3% In translating example (2), the translator
Adaptation 18 9.7% applied communicative translation method. It
Free Translation 11 5.9% can be seen from the change of the clause form
Word-for-word from negative to positive, so that target language
7 3.8% reader are easier in understanding the content of
Translation
TOTAL 185 100% the story. In source text, the sentence begins
Table 3.1: Translation Methods Used with a clause in negative form „See if I don‟t sell
1.1 Semantic Translation out all my goods...‟ and then it is followed by

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positive clause. If the translator translated using 1.4 Adaptation

negative form, the sentence would be „Lihatlah 18 data are identified applying adaptation
jika aku tidak bisa menjual semua barangku... .‟ The method.
product of translation would be odd and target S : The prison authorities liked
language reader would be hard to understand T Aksionov for his meekness, and his
the clause. Therefore, the translator changed the fellow-prisoners respected him: they
clause from negative form to positive form called him "Grandfather," and "The
becomes „Aku pasti bisa menjual semua barang Saint."
daganganku...‟ By doing so, the translation is T : Para sipir penjara menyukai
easier to be understood by the target language T sikap Aksionov yang lembut dan para
reader. narapidana lain juga
1.3 Literal Translation menghormatinya. Mereka
The result of the analysis shows that 19 memanggilnya „Mbah‟ dan „Orang
data from English original version are translated Suci‟.
into Indonesian by using literal translation B : The prison guards liked
method T Aksionov‟s gentle attitude and other
S : When he had gone about convicts also respected him. They
T twenty-five miles, he stopped for the called him „Grandfather‟ and „Saints.‟
horses to be fed. (Datum 068)
Example (4) is identified applying
T : Ketika dia telah berjalan sekitar
adaptation translation method. In translating the
T dua puluh lima mil, dia berhenti
text, the translator tried to convert the SL culture
karena kudanya perlu diberi makan.
to TL culture. It is shown by the translation of
the noun which emphasizes to the finding of
B : When he had gone about
cultural equivalent between ST and TT. In
T twenty-five miles, he stopped for the
datum 068 above, the noun „Grandfather‟ is
horses needed to be fed.
translated to the word „Mbah‟. „Mbah‟ is a noun
(Datum 016) adapted from Javanese language and it has
Example (3) consists of some grammatical equivalent meaning with „Grandfather‟. The use
structure, such as the use of past perfect tense of the noun „Mbah‟ to the translation proves that
and the use of passive voice. Past perfect tense is the translator has converted the SL culture to TL
constructed from subject+auxiliiary „had‟+past culture well. Thus, it makes the reader more
participle. In this case, the grammatical structure interested in reading the translation, since it
of the clause „When he had gone about twenty- sounds natural.
five miles‟ is translated into the nearest TL 1.5 Free Translation
becomes „Ketika dia telah berjalan sekitar dua After doing the analysis, the researcher
puluh lima mil.‟ found 11 data applying free translation method.
The use of passive voice can be seen in the S : They all denied any knowledge
clause „...for the horses needed to be fed‟. It is T of it.
constructed from verb „needed‟+to be+past T : Mereka semua berkata bahwa
participle „fed‟ and translated into „perlu diberi T mereka tidak tahu apa-apa tentang
makan.‟ As what has been stated above, In itu.
literal translation method, the SL grammatical B : They all said they did not know
construction are converted to their nearest TL T anything about it.
equivalents, but the lexical words and language
(Datum 128)
style in the source text remain the same into the
The translator used free translation
target text. Thus, datum 016 is categorized using
method in translating example (5). In adaptation
literal translation method.
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translation method, it tends to reproduce the times, partly equivalent with decreased meaning
content of the source text without following the occurs 32 times, and non-equivalent with no
form of it. It is usually in the form of paraprhase meaning occurs once. Details of the analysis can
and it is much longer than the original text. In be seen in table 2.
this case, the sentence in datum 128 They all
denied any knowledge of it is translated to Mereka Degree of Equivalence F
semua berkata bahwa mereka tidak tahu apa-apa
Fully Equivalent (FE) 41
tentang itu (They all said they did not know
Partly Increased Meaning (IM) 57
anything about it) in order to help the readers to
Equivalent Decreased Meaning
get better understanding.
(PE) (DM) 32
1.6 Word-for-word Translation
In this research, it is identified 7 data from
Non- Different Meaning
ST are translated into TT by applying word-for- 39
Equivalent (DIFM)
word translation method
(NE)
S : In the town of Vladimir lived a No Meaning (NOM)
T young merchant named Ivan 1
Dmitrich Aksionov.
TOTAL 170
T : Di kota Vladimir, hiduplah
Table 3.2.: Degree of Equivalence between ST
T seorang pedagang yang bernama Ivan
and TT
Dmitrich Aksionov.
2.1 Partly Equivalent with
B : In the town Vladimir, lived a
Increased Meaning
T merchant named Ivan Dmitrich
From the analysis, it is found that partly
Aksionov.
equivalent with increased meaning is the the
(Datum 001)
highest category with total 57 data are identified.
Example (6) is identified to be word-for-
S : Aksionov was a handsome,
word translation method since the words in the
T fair-haired, curly-headed fellow, full
sentence above are translated singly by their
of fun, and very fond of singing.
most common meanings. The preposition in is
T : Aksionov adalah seorang pria
translated into word di, the noun town is
T yang tampan dengan rambut
translated into kota, the word Vladimir is also
kekuningan dan sedikit
translated into Vladimir, the verb lived is
bergelombang. Sifatnya humoris dan
translated into hiduplah, the article a is translated
sangat suka bernyanyi.
into seorang, the noun merchant is translated into
B : Aksionov was a handsome
pedagang and the adjective named is translated
T fellow with blonde and wavy hair. His
into bernama. Even though both of the versions
character was humorist and very like
have the same structure, it is still acceptable and
singing.
understandable in the target language. In
Example (7) is categorized into partly
Indonesian narrative text, it is common using
equivalent with increased meaning since there is
such struture for the prologue of the story.
an additional information realized by new
2. Degree of Equivalence Analysis
meaning which is not found in ST. In datum 003
From total 169 data, it was found the total above, the translator added the word „sifatnya‟
frequency of degree of equivalence was 170 (his character) into the translation even though
occurrences. The results show that most of the this word is not found in the ST. The word
sentences are categorized into partly equivalent „sifatnya‟ is added into the TT to explain the
with increased meaning. It occurs 57 times, adjective full of fun and fond of singing.
followed by fully equivalent occurs 41 times, 2.2 Fully Equivalent
non-equivalent with different meaning occurs 39
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From the analysis, it is found that fully „pelesir‟. The word spree in ST and the word
equivalent is the second highest category with mabuk-mabukan (get drunk) has different
total 41 data are identified. meaning, that is why datum 006 is considered to
S : They had some tea together, be non-equivalent with different meaning.
T and then went to bed in adjoining 2.4 Partly equivalent with
rooms. Decreased Meaning
T : Mereka minum teh bersama In this research, it is identified 32 are
T dan kemudian tidur di kamar yang categorized as partly equivalent with decreased
bersebelahan. meaning
B : They drank tea together and S : So he said good-bye to his
T then slept in adjoining rooms. T family, and drove away.
(Datum 013) T : Maka berangkatlah Aksionov.
Example (8) is categorized into fully T
equivalent. According to Bell, fully equivalent B : Then Aksionov left.
occurs if the meaning in source text is T
transferred completely into target language. In (Datum 011)
datum 013, it can be seen that the meaning in ST Example (9) is categorized into partly
is transfered completely into target text. The equivalent with decreased meaning. It can be
sentence „They had some tea together, and then went seen in datum 011 above that the translator
to bed in adjoining rooms.‟ is translated to „Mereka didn‟t realize the clause „So he said good-bye to his
minum teh bersama dan kemudian tidur di kamar family‟ into the TT. The translation of „So he said
yang bersebelahan.‟ The subject, the predicate, the good-bye to his family, and drove away.‟ should be
object and even the conjunction are translated „Maka ia berpamitan kepada keluarganya, dan
completely into TT. berangkat.‟, but the translator only translated it to
2.3 Non-Equivalent with „Then Aksionov left.‟ That is why datum 011 is
Different Meaning categorized into partly equivalent with decreased
The result of the analysis shows that 39 meaning.
data are categorized as non-equivalent with 2.5 Non-equivalent with No
different meaning Meaning
This category is the lowest category with
S : Aksionov laughed, and said, only 1 datum is identified to non-equivalent with
T "You are afraid that when I get to the no meaning.
fair I shall go on a spree." S : Then he made his way across
T : Aksionov tertawa dan berkata, T to the landlord of the inn (who lived
T “Kau hanya takut kalau aku akan in a cottage at the back), paid his
kembali mabuk-mabukan bill, and continued his journey.
sesampainya di sana.” T : Kemudian dia berjalan ke
B : Aksionov laughed and said, T tempat pemilik penginapan,
T “You are just afraid if I will get drunk membayar biaya menginapnya, dan
again upon my arrival” kembali melanjutkan perjalanan.
(Datum 006) B : Then he walked to the
Example (8) above is categorized into T innkeeper, paid the accommodation
non-equivalent with different meaning. In datum fee, and continued the journey.
006, the translator translated the noun „spree‟ to (Datum 015)
be „mabuk-mabukan.‟ Based on Oxford Example (10) is categorized into non-
Dictionary, spree is a spell or sustained period of equivalent with no meaning. The translator did
unrestrained activity of a particular kind or it not realize the adjective clause „who lived in a
can be translated into Indonesian becomes
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cottage at the back‟ into the TT, so the TT loses meaning. This is caused by the translator who
the information about the landlord of the inn tends to reproduce the content of the source text
seeing. The translation of „Then he made his way without following the form of it when he/she
across to the landlord of the inn (who lived in a applies free translation method. Therefore, the
cottage at the back), paid his bill, and continued his result of the translation might be different and
journey.‟ should be ‟Kemudian dia berjalan ke doesn‟t have the equivalent meaning with the
tempat pemilik penginapan (yang tinggal di sebuah source text. The following example shows the
pondok di belakang), membayar biaya menginapnya, data employing communicative translation
dan kembali melanjutkan perjalanan.‟, but the method which produces non-equivalent
translator only translated it to „Kemudian dia translation with different meaning:
berjalan ke tempat pemilik penginapan, membayar S : Then his wife said, "It was not
biaya menginapnya, dan kembali melanjutkan T for nothing I dreamt your hair had
perjalanan.‟ That is why datum 015 is considered turned grey. You remember? You
to be categorized into non-equivalent with no should not have started that day."
meaning. T : Kemudian istrinya berkata,
3. The Relation between Translation T “Kau masih ingat dengan mimpiku
Method Used and The Degree of kalau rambutmu menjadi beruban?
Equivalence Ternyata mimpiku itu memang
After obtaining the result of the analysis, punya maksud. Seharusnya kau tidak
the researcher compared between the translation memulai perjalananmu hari itu.”
method used and the degree of equivalence in (Datum 055)
order to get the infromation about the relation The translator translated datum 055 by
between the two. using communicative translation method. In
It has been stated previously that most of communicative translation method, it attempts
the data in this research are categorized into to convey the exact contextual meaning of the
partly equivalent translation with increased source text, both in content and language. In
meaning and it is followed by fully equivalent order to make target readers are easier to
translation. As the result, the translation understand the content, the transaltion in
methods employed usually produce partly example (11) above uses natural expression to
equivalent translation with increased meaning. It express the meaning of the ST. It can be seen
can be seen from the first four dominant from the expression "It was not for nothing I
translation method namely semantic translation, dreamt your hair had turned grey. You remember?
communicative translation, literal translation which is translated to “Kau masih ingat dengan
and adaptation are dominated by partly mimpiku kalau rambutmu menjadi beruban?
equivalent translation with increased meaning. Ternyata mimpiku itu memang punya maksud. This
Nevertheless, not all of the translation method also produces non-equivalent translation
method are dominated by partly equivalent with different meaning, since the translator
translation with increased meaning. In free changed some meaning from the ST into the TT
translation method, from total 11 data, 6 data to make the translation is easier to be
are categorized into non-equivalent translation understood. The expression „It was not for
with different meaning, followed by 3 data are nothing‟ is not translated to be „Bukan karena
categorized into partly equivalent translation apa-apa‟, but it is translated to „Ternyata
with decreased meaning then followed by one mimpiku itu memang punya maksud.‟ It shows
data each which is categorized into fully that the use of communicative translation has
equivalent translation and partly equivalent caused the difference between the meaning from
translation with increased meaning. It shows the ST into the TT. However, the translated text
that free translation method is dominated by is more natural to be read for the target readers.
non-equivalent translation with different
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The other significant difference is shown the objective pronoun „me‟ translated into „aku.‟
from the domination of fully equivalent Seen from the grammatical structure of the ST
translation which is produced by word-for-word and the TT, both of the text have the same
translation method. It is different from the first structure. In this regard, the use of word-for-
four methods which are dominated by partly word translation produces fully equivalent
equivalent translation with increased meaning. translation.
From total 7 data employed word-for-word
translation method, 5 data are categorized into CONCLUSIONS
fully equivalent translation, followed by 1 datum
categorized into partly equivalent translaltion Conclusions are drawn to answer the
with increased meaning, and the other 1 datum research problems of this study as well as to
categorized into partly equivalent translation highlight other findings. The conclussions of this
with decreased meaning. In this regard, it shows research are explained as follows:
the domination of fully equivalent translation The findings of the analysis reveal that in
which is produced by word-for-word translation. translating the short story, the translator has
When using word-for-word translation method, used 6 methods, with semantic translation as the
the translator preserved the SL word order and most dominant one, followed by communicative
the words are translated singly by their common translation, literal translation, adaptation, free
meanings. As the result, it produces fully translation and word-for-word translation.
equivalent translation, since fully equivalent In term of degree of equivalence between
translation occurs if the meaning in source text is the English version and the Indonesian
transferred completely into target language. translation, it is revealed that total frequency of
Moreover, the meaning of the translated text degree of equivalence is 170 ocurences. Most of
from the ST remains the same becuase the the data are categorized into partly equivalent
translator tried to translate the words singly by with increased meaning, followed by fully
their common meaning. For deeper equivalent, partly equivalent with decreased
understanding, the following example shows the meaning, non-equivalent with different meaning
relation between word-for-word translation and only one datum is categorized into non-
method and fully equivalent translation: equivalent with no meaning.
S : Makar Semyonich bent close The methods employed here result the
T over Aksionov, and whispered, "Ivan different and various degrees of equivalence.
Dmitrich, forgive me!" The use of such translation methods as semantic
T : Makar Semyonich translation, communicative translation, literal
T membungkuk dekat Aksionov dan translation and adapatation has resulted the
berbisik, “Ivan Dmitrich, maafkanlah highest number in partly equivalent translataion
aku!” with increased meaning. Meanwhile, the use of
(Datum 146) free translation method has resulted the highest
Example (12) above is translated using number in non-equivalent translation with
word-for-word translation method. The words different meaning and the use of word-for-word
are translated singly by their common meaning. translation method has resulted the highest
The characters‟ name in SL are preserved, while number in fully equivalent translation.
the verbs, adjective and pronoun are translated To sum up, the domination of partly
into their comon meaning. The verbs that can be equivalent translation with increased meaning
found in the sentence above are „bent‟ translated shows that the translator main concern is to
into the word „membungkuk‟, „whispered‟ convey the meaning according to the context of
translated into „berbisik‟ and „forgive‟ translated the ST to the TT. The translator may increase
into „maafkanlah‟. Besides verbs, there is also the the meaning in the TT to make target readers
adjective „close‟ which translated into „dekat‟ and understand well about the translated text.
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 N. D. Nafisah, R. Hartono, I. Yuliasri / Rainbow: Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Cultural Studies

Language Circle Journal of Language and

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