Reinforced Concrete Structure: Debre Markos University Dmit Department of Civil Engineering

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 52

Reinforced Concrete Structure

DEBRE MARKOS UNIVERSITY


DMiT
Department of Civil Engineering
Lecture-3
(Introduction to Analysis and design of Slab)
OUT LINE
Introduction

I. Definition

II. Common type of slabs

III. Two way edge supported slab

IV. Examples
Introduction

What is slab?
What type of slab are
there?
Introduction
 A reinforced concrete slab is a broad, flat plate, usually horizontal, with top and bottom
surfaces parallel or nearly so.

 It is two dimensional planar structural member having thickness is small compared to other
two dimensions (where the breadth is not less than 5times the over all depth(LX≥ 5𝐷)) and
behave primarily as a flexural member with the design similar to that of beams

Lx≅ 𝐿𝑦 &𝐷 ≪ 𝐿𝑥, 𝐿𝑦


Functions
 It is used to provide:

i. working flat surface

ii. Covering shelter

iii. Capable of supporting

 Load transferring mechanism mainly by bending

Used mainly for roofs and floors of buildings, parking lots, air fields,
roadways, as the decks of bridges …etc.
Classification of slabs
 Slab may be classified in varieties ways as follow:

1. Based on shapes 6. Based load transferring

2. Based on support type mechanism---common

3. Based on support condition 7. Based on construction:-Cast

4. Based on use in situ or Pre cast

5. Based on sectional
configuration…common
Section view of slab
As per load transferring mechanisms
 One way
 Solid
 Ribbed
 Hollow block slab
 Two way
 Beam supported
 Flat slab
 Flat plate
 waffle
Behaviour of one way slab
The slab is said to one way if
 supported on two parallel opposite sides only
 supported on all four edge and Ly/Lx> 2

• Main reinforcement is provided


in the spanning direction to
resist one way bending

In second figure there are beams on all


four sides. The slab is one way or two
way depend up on length to width ratio. 9
LOAD RESPONSE OF ONE WAY SLAB

• When slabs are supported on two • When supports are provided on all
opposite sides only loads being sides most of the load(>90%) is
carried by the slab in the direction carried in the short direction to the
perpendicular to the supporting supporting beams and one way action
beams. is obtained.
Design of one way Slabs
 it behaves primarily as flexural members and the
design is similar to that for beams, although their is
some difference in general it is somewhat simpler

11
Ribbed slab
HCB
 Topping slab designed with minimum requirement or as continuous
beam
 Regularly spaced ribs designed as T or rectangular beams

Molded Ribbed slab


Hollow block Ribbed slab

Reading assignment
 One way ribbed and solid slab analysis
,design methods and their behaviour
Behaviour of Two way slab
 Supported by beams on all the four
sides for beam supported slab
 Loads are carried by the support
along both direction.
 Slab will deflect in a dish or saucer-
like form under the action of loads

• Main reinforcement is provided in the


spanning direction to resist two way bending
Analysis methods
 Coefficient method or

 Direct Design Methods (DDM)

 Equivalent Frame Methods( EFM)

 In this chapter we will see coefficient method analysis


and design of two way slabs
Coefficient method design
 Concept
 Application and limitation
 Procedure
General
 The design of solid slab is similar to beam design with the
following EXCEPTION:

 Compression reinforcement is normally not required.

 Shear reinforcement is usually not applied.

 A unit breath of 1m is applied in calculation


Design procedure of two way slab
1. Choose layout and type of slab. Type of slab is strongly
affected by architectural and construction considerations.
2. Calculate slab thickness to control deflection.
3. Finding total factored load (𝑃𝑑)

4. Finding Moments

𝑴𝒊 = 𝜶𝒊 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝟐𝒙
𝜶𝒊 →Coefficients from table A-1 EBCS2-1995
Notation of moments
Notation used for different critical moments and edge numbers are as shown below.
3 M xs 𝑴𝒊 = 𝜶𝒊 𝑷𝒅 𝑳2𝒙
M ys M xf
M ys
lx M yf
1 2

4 M xs
ly
Adjust moment
 Support moment adjustment
 Average method or
 Moment distribution method
 Field moment adjustment
 Using coefficients from table A-2 EBCS2-1995

5. Calculate design constants

6. Check depth for flexure

7. Check depth for shear(calculate Loads on Support )


Field moment adjustment

 𝑀𝑥𝑓𝑑 = 𝑀𝑥𝑓 + ∆𝑀𝑥𝑓


 𝑀𝑦𝑓𝑑 = 𝑀𝑦𝑓 + ∆𝑀𝑦𝑓
 Where: Cx2=?
Cx1=?
 ∆𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 𝐶𝑥1 ∆𝑀𝑥𝑠 + 𝐶𝑥 2∆𝑀𝑦𝑠 Cy2=?
Cy1=?
 ∆𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 𝐶𝑦1 ∆𝑀𝑥𝑠 + 𝐶𝑦2 ∆𝑀𝑦𝑠
Notation of shear transfer
Basic concepts
𝑽𝒊 = 𝜷𝒗𝒊 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙
𝑽𝒙𝒄 = 𝜷𝒗𝒙𝒄 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙
𝑽𝒙𝒅 = 𝜷𝒗𝒙𝒅 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙
𝑽𝒚𝒄 =𝜷𝒗𝒚𝒄 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙
𝑽𝒚𝒅 = 𝜷𝒗𝒚𝒅 𝑷𝒅 𝑳𝒙
𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒐𝒇(𝑽𝒊 )

𝑽𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓𝒇𝒄𝒕𝒅 𝑲𝟏 𝑲𝟐 𝒃𝒘 𝒅

𝑽𝒄 ≥ 𝑽𝒎𝒂𝒙
Cont.
8. Reinforcement provision
 The area of longitudinal tension reinforcement should not be taken as
less than 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝟎.𝟐𝟔∗𝒇𝒄𝒕𝒎
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒊𝒏 = ≥0.0013bd
𝒇𝒚𝒌

 The cross-sectional area of tension or compression reinforcement


should not exceed 𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝑨𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 =0.04Db
 Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 20% of the

principal reinforcement should be provided in one way slabs.


Spacing provision
 Minimum Spacing((ES EN Section 8.2)
 Between horizontal and/or vertical should be not less than the maximum of
 bar diameter
 the maximum size of aggregate+5mm
 20mm

Maximum Spacing(ES EN Section 9.3.1.)


 Spacing of bars should not exceed
 for the principal reinforcement, 3h ≤ 400
 for the secondary reinforcement, 3.5h ≤ 450 mm
8. Detail drawing
 Detailing is often considered to be the preparation of working
drawings showing the size and location of the reinforcement in a
concrete structure.

 Detailing involves the communication of the engineer’s design to


the design to the contractors who build the structure. It involves
the translation of a good structural design from the computer or
calculation pad into the final structure.
END of
presentation
Example
#Given

 Edge supported solid slab floor system

 Live load 3kN/m2

 Floor finish
25mm thick cement screed with Unit weight of 23kN/m3 and

8mm thick marble with Unit weight of 27kN/m3 respectively


Cont'd
 The materials C-20/25 concrete, fyk-300 steel

 Class-I works. Use 10mm diameter bars for main


reinforcement.
Cont'd

Figure 1 Structural layout of the


slab
SOLUTION
Step-1: Check whether the slab can be treated as one
way or two-way:

Panel Lx Ly Ly/Lx Remark

P1 4 6 1.5 Two way

P2 5 6 1.2 Two way

P3 4 5 1.25 Two way


Cont'd
Step-2: Identify the panel types in the floor
system:

Continuity
panel Along Lx Along Ly Type
P1 One edge continuous One edge continuous 4
P2 One edge continuous No continuity 7
P3 No continuity One edge continuous 8
Cont'd
Step-3: Determine the depth for deflection
requirements:
Note: Use the shorter span to determine the depth for deflection
Panel Ly/Lx Types of βax dmin(mm)
spans
P-1 1.5 End span 35 97.142
P-2 1.2 End span 38 111.842
P-3 1.25 End span 37.5 90.667
Cont'd
Step-4: Determine the total depth:
 Assumption

 ∅10 -for main bars


 Cover=15m
the total depth is given by 𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑑 ′
𝑑 ′ = 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 + ∅
𝑑 ′ = 15𝑚𝑚 + 10𝑚𝑚 = 25𝑚𝑚
 Therefore, D=111.842mm+25mm=136.84 take D=140mm
Cont'd
 Effective depth used for design

 D Use =140mm

 then 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑 ′ = 140 − 25 = 115𝑚𝑚

 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑 ′ = 140𝑚𝑚 − 30𝑚𝑚 = 110𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 and

 𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑 ′ = 140𝑚𝑚 − 20𝑚𝑚 = 120𝑚𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑎𝑗𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.


Cont'd
Step-5: Determine the design load (Pd):
Cont'd
Cont'd
Step-6: Analysis of individual panel for bending
moments: 1). For Panel-type: P-1: ( L =6m, L =4m, 𝑳𝒚 = 𝟏. 𝟓 )
y x 𝑳𝒙

Table A-1 EBCS2-1995


Cont'd
Table Summary of of individual panel for bending moments:

Pd Lx Panel αxs αxf αys αyf MXs MXf Mys Myf


Panel
(kN/m) (m) Type

P1 10.292 4 4 0.078 0.059 0.047 0.036 12.844 9.715 7.739 5.928

P2 10.292 5 7 0.071 0.053 0 0.044 18.268 13.636 0 11.321

P3 10.292 4 8 0 0.067 0.058 0.044 0 11.033 9.55 7.245


Cont'd

Figure Layout of panels


with unbalanced moment
Cont'd
Step-7: Bending moment adjustments:
i). Support moment adjustment:

P1 P2
Cont'd
Cont'd
Step-7: Bending moment adjustments:
i). Support moment adjustment:

P1 P2
Cont'd

Therefor P-1 does not need


field moment adjustment
𝑀𝑥𝑓𝑑 = 𝑀𝑥𝑓 = 9.725𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑀𝑦𝑓𝑑 = 𝑀𝑦𝑓 = 5.928𝑘𝑁𝑚
Cont'd
Cont'd
Cont'd
Layout of panels with adjusted moment
Cont'd
Step-8: Determine the necessary design constant:
𝑎𝑐𝑐 ∗𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85∗(25)
 𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 11.33𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5
𝑓𝑦𝑘 300𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = = 260.870𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15
0.8𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝜀𝑐𝑢 𝐸𝑠 0.8∗11.33𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.0035∗2∗105
 𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = = = 0.0253
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝐸𝑠 𝜀𝑐𝑢 +𝑓𝑦𝑑 260.870𝑀𝑃𝑎 0.0035∗2∗105 +260.870

 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝜌𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.75 ∗ 0.0253 = 0.019


2
2/3
 𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 = 0.3𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.3 20) 3 = 2.21𝑀𝑃𝑎 …………….for 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ≤ 50𝑀𝑝𝑎
0.26∗𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 0.26∗2.21
 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = = = 0.00192
𝑓𝑦𝑘 300
Cont'd
Step-9: Check the depth for flexural requirements:

𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙
𝒅𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒅 ≥
0.8𝒃𝒇𝒄𝒅 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 ∗ 𝒎 1 − 0.4 ∗ 𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 ∗ 𝒎
Cont'd
Step-10: Analysis of individual panel for shear force:
𝑳𝒚
1). For Panel-type: P-1: ( 𝑷𝒅 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝒌𝑵/𝒎^𝟐, 𝑳𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟓 )
Cont'd
Summary of floor system for shear force

Figure load transfer from each panel to the


edge beams in kN/m:
Cont'd
Step-11: Check section capacity for shear:
VRd,c=0.12k(100𝜌fck)1/3bw d≥(0.035k3/2fck1/2)bwd for one way shear
Cont'd
Step-12: Reinforcement provision and detail drawing
Smax=min{3h or 400)=400mm
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 =0.00192
𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 =0.019

Panel Design moment d 𝝆𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 𝝆𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒅 As 𝑺𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄 𝑺𝒑𝒓𝒐. Remark


Mxfd 9.72 120 0.0026 0.0026 320.51245.04 245 Use Ø10@ 240 mm c/c
MxsdL 0
MxsdR 15.86 120 0.0045 0.0044 533.95 147.09 147 Use Ø10@ 140 mm c/c
P1
Myfd 5.93 110 0.0019 0.0019 211.25371.78 371 Use Ø10@ 370 mm c/c
MysdL 8.64 110 0.0028 0.0028 311.39252.22 252 Use Ø10@ 250 mm c/c
MysdR 0
Cont'd

You might also like