700 Series Manual
700 Series Manual
700 Series Manual
Service Manual
Installation category II
Pollution degree 2
Safety Class 1 (EN 61010-1)
User documentation
This publication supplies information to help Varian-qualified
Customer Support Representative (CSR) to set up, install and
operate the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer. It also
contains technical information that allows the CSR to
maintain and service the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer
systems.
Site preparation is described in the Varian 700-ES Series
instrument Pre-installation manual (p/n 85 102337 00). The
Pre-installation manual is also included as Section 2 of this
manual.
The operation manual supplies information to help customers
set up and operate the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer and
supplies information on: Safety practices and hazards
information, instructions for finding information about
installing and maintaining the Varian 700-ES Series
spectrometer and a brief operation overview.
There is also extensive information in the online Help
containing context-sensitive Help, step-by-step instructions
for frequently performed operations and instructions for using
the accessories.
Finding information
There is a table of contents at the front of the manual. You
can find a particular section by using the quick reference on
the inside front cover.
Electronic and mechanical schematics and layouts are
included in the last section of this manual.
Ordering information for spare parts is located in the Spare
parts section. Part numbers are shown in lists of spares for
sub-assemblies. Components are listed on layout drawings for
identification.
Service manual updates will be provided by Varian when
necessary. Updates may be in these forms:
software README file
Service Alert or Service Note.
Conventions
The following conventions have been used throughout this
documentation:
• Menu items, menu options and field names (e.g., select Copy from
the Edit menu) have been typed in bold. Bold is also used to
signify the pushbuttons appearing throughout the software (e.g.,
click OK).
• ALL CAPITALS indicate keyboard and mouse commands (e.g.,
press the F2 key) and text you must type in from the keyboard (e.g.,
type SETUP at the prompt).
Plasma
The plasma is extremely hot (about 10 000 K) and radiates
dangerous levels of radio frequency (RF) and ultraviolet (UV)
energy. The work coil operates at 1 500 V RMS and about 40
MHz. Exposure to the RF and UV energy can cause severe
skin damage and cataracts of the eyes, while close contact
with the operating plasma can result in severe heat burns to
the skin, and an electrical discharge which can jump a
considerable distance and may cause death, severe electric
shock or sub-surface skin burns.
The plasma must NEVER be operated unless:
• the torch compartment door is closed, with the locking lever fully
latched; and
• the space above the chimney is clear of objects.
Electrical hazards
The Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer system and some
accessories contain electrical circuits, devices and components
operating at dangerous voltages. Contact with these circuits,
devices and components can cause death, serious injury or
painful electric shock. Panels or covers which are retained by
screws on the spectrometer and accessories may be opened
ONLY by Varian-trained, Varian-qualified or Varian-
approved customer support representatives (unless specified
otherwise). Consult the manuals or product labels supplied
with your PC, monitor, printer/plotter and water-cooling
system to determine which parts are operator-accessible.
Always ensure that the torch compartment door is closed
before attempting to ignite a plasma or operating the plasma
igniter. The igniter assembly generates a high voltage spark
used to begin plasma ionization. The ignite spark generates
an electrical discharge which can jump a considerable
distance and cause electric shock or sub-surface skin burns
that will not burn.
Consult the manufacturing literature supplied with your PC,
monitor, printer/plotter and water cooling system to
determine which parts are operator-accessible.
Always ensure that the instrument is turned off and
disconnected from the mains supply before attempting any
fuse replacement. Replace blown fuses with ones of the size
and rating shown in the text near to the fuse holder or in the
Service Manual.
RF power tubes
The power tube operates at high voltages. Contact with it or
its circuitry can cause death or serious injury. Appropriate
warning labels attached to the instrument in clearly visible
places warn you of the dangers in that area. The equipment
has been designed to prevent electric shock through the use of
interlocks and covers.
UV radiation
The plasma emits high levels of UV radiation. Although the
spectrometer has been designed to reduce the level of radiated
UV to a safe level during normal operation, always wear
approved UV absorbing safety glasses when operating the
plasma with instrument covers and the pre-optics assembly
cover is removed.
Hazardous materials
Before attempting any work on the sample compartment area
and sample introduction components you must know exactly
what matrix of solutions have been running through the
instrument and particularly what types of solvents have been
used.
Before touching any parts, always ensure that the sample
introduction system has been thoroughly flushed with
distilled water and that the contents of the drain or waste
container are known and disposed of if necessary
Wash your hands and gloves frequently when working with
sample introduction hardware and avoid touching your eyes
Hydrofluoric acid (HF) is a common matrix component used in
the analysis of refractory materials, steels and alloys and
geochemical samples. HF is dangerous and should not be
handled by Customer Service Representatives
The Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer system and
accessories may use materials, solvents and solutions which
are flammable, corrosive, toxic or otherwise hazardous.
Careless, improper or unskilled use of such materials, solvents
and solutions can cause explosions, fire, toxicity and other
hazards which can cause death, serious personal injury
and/or damage to equipment and property.
Always ensure that laboratory safety practices governing the
use, handling and disposal of such materials are strictly
observed. These safety practices should include wearing of
appropriate safety clothing and safety glasses.
Other
Air flow to the cooling fans of the Varian 700-ES Series
spectrometer and accessories must be unobstructed. Do not
block the ventilation grills on the spectrometer and
accessories. Consult the manufacturers literature supplied
with your PC, monitor, printer/plotter and water cooling
system for their ventilation needs.
Care should be taken when working with glass parts to avoid
breakage and cuts. Use caution when attaching plastic tubing
to glass barbs or removing and replacing pieces of a broken
torch or bonnet.
The Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer weighs approximately
203 kg
(448 lb). Use only appropriate mechanical lifting equipment
and proper manual handling practices when moving the
instrument.
Warning symbols
A triangular symbol indicates a warning. The following is a
list of the symbols that offer in conjunction with warnings in
the text, or on the spectrometer.
Information symbols
The following symbols appear on the instrument for your
information:
I Mains power ON
0 Mains power OFF
Fuse
Single phase alternating current
Direct current
Plasma ON
Plasma OFF
Colour coding
The various indicator lights appearing on the instrument and
any associated accessories have been colour coded to represent
the status of the instrument or accessory:
• A green light indicates the instrument is in normal
standby condition.
• An orange light indicates that a potential hazard is
present.
• A blue light indicates that operator intervention is
required.
• A red light warns of danger or an emergency.
CE Compliant Products
Your Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer has been designed to
comply with the requirements of the Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) Directive and the Low Voltage (electrical
safety) Directive (commonly referred to as the LVD) of the
European Union. Varian has confirmed that each product
complies with the relevant Directives by testing a prototype
against the prescribed EN (European Norm) standards.
Proof that a product complies with these directives is
indicated by:
• the CE Marking appearing on the rear of the product, and
• the documentation package that accompanies the product
containing a copy of the Declaration of Conformity. The
Declaration of Conformity is the legal declaration by Varian that
the product complies with the directives listed above, and shows
the EN standards to which the product was tested to demonstrate
compliance. It is also signed by Varian’s Authorized
Representative in the EU, and by the representative of the
manufacturing plant.
Warranty
Varian OSI warranty covers any defect in materials and
workmanship, but not against consequential damages. Full
details relating to the terms of warranty are available from
any Varian Sales and Service Office or Agency. No other
warranty is expressed or implied.
Consumable items such as (but not limited to) nebulizers,
light sources and other glassware items, temperature probes
and graphite components are subject to a limited or pro-rated
warranty.
The Varian warranty provides for specific legal rights. There
may also be other rights that vary from country to country or
region to region. The warranty applies only to the correctly
installed Varian equipment and cannot be extended to cover
the associated miscellaneous installations. The warranty does
not cover defects that may be caused by users of the
equipment, inappropriate applications, unauthorized service,
etc.
Preventative maintenance
Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer systems require
preventative maintenance visits to ensure they perform at the
highest level. These maintenance actions are required by
design and should be performed periodically.
Preventative maintenance visits will involve the replacement
of argon gas filters and other consumable items. The
consumable items used as a part of the preventative
maintenance action should be included as a part of a local
service contract or service agreement.
Customers who do not wish to participate in a local service
agreement, should be offered a fixed price preventative
maintenance visit. The consumable items replaced during the
visit should be provided at customer expense or included in
the fixed price agreement.
Through routine preventative maintenance the life of the
instrument will be extended, monitored and documented. The
regular replacement of consumable items that protect the
optical system and detector will safeguard the customer’s
investment in a Varian ICP-OES instrument.
The use of only Varian trained personnel and factory standard
parts will ensure the instrument is maintained at the highest
level of performance throughout its entire operating life.
The typical preventative maintenance procedure should take
between two to four hours on site.
The instrument operating software will inform the customer
that preventative maintenance is required. When
maintenance is due warnings will be displayed daily or
anytime an operator starts the instrument software. As part
of the visit the software timers will be reset and the software
will display when the next visit is required.
Contract maintenance
Quotations for contract maintenance may be obtained from
any Varian Sales or Service Office.
Section 2 Pre-installation
This section provides information on the laboratory
requirements for the installation and operation of the Varian
700-ES Series spectrometers.
Section 3 Installation
This section provides information on the installation of the
Varian 700-ES Series spectrometers.
• Instrument installation
• Personal computer setup
• Software installation
• Water cooler connection
• Optics system preparation
• Instrument commissioning
• Basic customer training
Section 5 Peripherals
This section contains specific information on the water cooling
systems that are factory recommended for use with Varian 700-
ES Series spectrometers.
Varian 700-ES Series instruments
Section 12 Optics
This section contains information about:
• Theory of operation
• Electronics
• Polychromators
• Removal / replacement procedures
• Alignment procedures
Section 15
This section is reserved for future use
Section 16
This section is reserved for future use
Instrument models/types
There are three models of the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer
and there are two types for each model. All the models and types
are listed below;
Operator interface
The Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer is controlled by a
Personal Computer. Communications between the PC and the
spectrometer are handled by a standard IEEE-488 link. Internal
processor to processor based communications are handled via
two bi-directional RS-422 serial links.
The Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer software allows the
operator to change instrument parameters and tailor analytical
programs for customer specific analysis.
The packaged software system provides flexibility with the user-
friendly advantages of the Windows XP operating systems. The
software also provides the flexibility and benefits of local and
network capabilities. See the Operation Manual or Varian
supplied Help software for more information.
Instrument Options
The following options are available for the Varian 700-ES Series
spectrometer systems.
Instrument Accessories
The following accessories and sample introduction components
are available for the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer systems.
Associated publications
Plasma generation
The plasma generating system produces a high power, high
frequency source of RF energy to create and maintain the
plasma
Gas control
The gas control system supplies and regulates all gas flows in
the spectrometer system.
Argon is used for
• The plasma
• Sample introduction system
• Optics purge system
• Camera purge system (Varian 720/730-ES Series only)
• Interface purge system
Sample introduction
The sample introduction system conditions and transports the
sample into the plasma.
See section 9.
Optics
The optics system of the spectrometer accepts light radiated from
the plasma and separates it into discrete wavelengths.
See section 12.
Power supplies
• Provides low power DC to internal assemblies
• Provides low power AC to internal assemblies
• Provides high voltage to RF system
• Provides low power, high current to RF system
• Provides mains to optics heaters
See section 14
Control electronics
The command control electronics provide for the operation of the
following functions:
• Internal instrument communications
• Instrument to PC communications
• Shutter solenoid operation
• Selects parts of detector made active
• Converts the radiant emission energy on activated parts of
the detector into stored electrical charges
• Converts the stored electrical charges into serial data suitable
for data processing by the instrument control electronics and
PC software
Personal computer
The PC controls the spectrometer system operation including:
• Operator interface
• Instrument operating parameters
• Data collection
• Data display
• Data and method storage
• Printing
2. Pull the bottom of the cover out to clear the retaining bracket
3. Pull the cover down off the two mounting tabs.
Thumbscrew
3. Remove the two screws marked ‘X’ and loosen the seven
remaining screws on the top of the instrument cover
Note The remaining screws are captive and will remain in the cover
(they should not be removed).
1. Loosen the three screws on the top of the left side cover
Note These screws are captive and will remain in the cover (they
should not be removed).
3. Lift the left side cover off the three leaf springs.
Three leaf
springs
Note To remove the left front cover, you must first remove the left side
cover (see above). This will allow access to the four retaining
screws located behind the left front cover.
Four retaining
screws
3. Open the torch compartment door to allow space for the left
front cover to clear the door bracket.
4. Slide the left front cover to the left to disengage the six leaf
springs located on the right side and bottom edge of the cover.
Note To remove the upper right side cover, you must first remove the
front right cover (see above). This will allow access to a
thumbscrew located in the upper left side, behind the front right
cover.
Thumbscrew
2. Loosen the screw on the top of the upper right side cover
Note This screw is captive and will remain in the cover (it should not
be removed).
Captive screw
Retaining screw
Retaining screws
Note To adjust the torch compartment door, you must first remove the
front right cover (see above), top cover (see above) and the left
front cover (see above). This will allow access to the adjustment
screws at either side of the torch compartment door. It is better
to set the door position, then adjust the microswitches.
1. Open the torch compartment door
2. Loosen the four M4 retaining screws (through the access
holes) that secure the door micro-switch bracket
approximately one and a half turns.
Mounting
bracket
The heights of the upper right side cover and the top cover is set
by the thumbscrew located behind the front right cover (shown
below).
Thumbscrew
Align the upper right side cover and the top cover before
tightening the thumbscrew.
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Varian ICP-OES spectrometer
3. Installation
3.1 Introduction 1
Appendix 58
A.1 Additional performance tests (optional) 58
Varian ICP-OES spectrometer
3.1 Introduction
This section provides installation information for the
Varian 700-ES Series ICP Optical Emission Spectrometers (ICP-
OES), accessories and peripherals. This information is for the
use of Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) who have
successfully completed a Varian ICP-OES service training course
and are employed or otherwise authorized by the Varian Sales
and Service Organization.
The installation procedures check all the factory specified
performance characteristics of the Varian 700-ES Series ICP-
OES in a progressive testing sequence. There are separate
procedures for radial and axial systems. These sequences must
be followed to confirm that the instrument’s performance meets
specification. Only those parts which are not applicable to the
type of system being installed may be omitted.
Note: The Varian 700-ES Series ICP-OES require a minimum of two
hours of purge time before running the analytical test in this
section.
Note: For best results, the polychromator of the Varian 700-ES Series
ICP-OES spectrometer should be allowed to thermally stabilize at
+35°C. This may take up to four hours.
If there are any faults during the installation and testing
sequence, you must take corrective action before repeating the
steps or going on to the next step of the installation.
Before attempting installation, you must confirm that the site has
been prepared in accordance with the Varian 700-ES Series Pre-
installation manual, Varian publication number 85 102337 00.
Note: You should not attempt instrument installation until the instrument
has been unpacked and placed on its intended workbench. This
is your customer’s responsibility.
You must check the equipment for any sign of damage during
transit and remove all packaging material. Record any
irregularities on the Installation Service Report and inform the
customer of any necessary actions. If required, postpone the
installation until corrective action has been taken.
This includes:
• Instrument installation
• Water cooler connection/commissioning
• Commissioning/ testing/handover
• Basic customer training
required.
Mains connection
The Varian 700-ES Series ICP-OES system comes with a single
inlet cable which is wired into the input power compartment at the
rear of the instrument. It does not have a mains power connector
fitted.
1. Find the country adaptor kit supplied with the instrument (the
same kit as the gas adapters).
The kit for your region is labelled with one of these part numbers:
• Australia 89 100007 00 Contains 32A Wilco plug
• North America 89 100007 01 Contains 50A plug
• Europe 89 100007 02 No plug is included
• Japan 89 100007 04 No plug is included
This kit contains a short piece of hose and two adapters which
can be used to adapt the connector fitted to the instrument’s
argon/nitrogen inlet hose with the most common gas fittings used
in your region. If the adaptor is not suitable, the hose fitting must
be removed. Fit the hose to the gas supply with locally sourced
fittings.
13 Turn on the cooler and allow the system to cycle for about
five minutes and turn it off.
14 Disconnect the instrument return hose from the water cooler
and drain the distilled water from the system.
15 Refill the reservoir with distilled water and replace the cap.
Note The Varian 700-ES Series ICP-OES instrument requires the
expulsion of all air pockets from the cooling system. Air pockets
in the system may cause intermittent water cooling pressure
sensing interlock errors. Allow the cooler five to fifteen minutes of
operating time to purge all the air from the cooling system.
16 Turn-on the cooler and allow it to cycle for two to five
minutes. Turn-off the cooler, remove the filler cap and check
the water level. Top up if required.
17 Replace the filler cap and access covers.
This completes the water cooler installation.
1
If you have turned off the auto-start capability of your CD-ROM drive, you will need to run the setup.exe file
on the
CD-ROM.
333 Hot Tip To familiarize yourself with the ICP Expert II software, after
installation, click the Windows® Start button and choose
Programs > ICP Expert II > ICP Expert II Help. When the
ICP Expert II Help appears, click the How to link to view
step-by-step instructions on how to use the Varian 700-ES
series.
1. Click Yes.
1. Click No.
3. Attach one end of the ESD strap to a bare metal part of the
PC chassis and wrap the other end around your wrist.
5. Press the card firmly into the empty PC slot. The gold edge
connectors should slide firmly into the matching sockets of the
PC slot. Secure the card with the screw.
After you have entered all the required data, you can register the
software via
the Internet (recommended)
Email or
Fax.
Note: You must make an entry in all fields labeled with an asterisk ‘*”.
Note: The Varian software licence allows for the ICPExpert II software
to be registered a total of two times – one on the PC controlling
the instrument and another PC that is not controlling the
instrument. If the ICPExpert II software is required on more
PC’s, a separate software package must be purchased,
installed and registered.
Note If you do not have have IE6, you can install the necessary IE
files by running the Setup.exe located in ..\run\MXML.
Note You can not run the Poly Align software and the ICPExpert II
software at the same time. You must close one and open the
other.
1. Click the Windows Start button and choose Programs > ICP
Expert > ICP Expert Help.
2. When the ICP Expert Help software appears, click the
Hardware link to view step-by-step instructions (including
videos) on how to remove and install the various instrument
components.Below are some instructions on how to set up
the most common types of sample introduction components.
Warning
The plasma emits heat, ozone and fumes, which can be hazardous.
Always switch on the exhaust system before lighting the plasma.
333 Hot Tip: To familiarize yourself with the ICP Expert II software, you
should now click on the Windows Start button and select
Programs fICP Expert IIf Help. When the ICP Expert II Help
appears, select the How to link to view step-by-step instructions
on how to use the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer and
software.
Warning
The plasma emits heat, ozone and fumes which can be
hazardous. Always switch on the exhaust system before lighting
the plasma.
333 Hot Tip: To familiarize yourself with the ICP Expert II software, you
should now click on the Windows Start button and select
Programs fICP Expert IIf Help. When the ICP Expert II Help
appears, select the How to link to view step-by-step instructions
on how to use the Varian 700-ES Series spectrometer and
software.
Note The plasma may not form on the first ignition attempt if the argon
purge has not fully expelled all the air from the torch
compartment.
Tip You can elect to have the Poly Boost purge turned on each time the
instrument is started up.
To do this, on the Options menu, click Preferences and then click
the General tab. Under Instrument, select On startup turn
Polychromator Boost on.
3.7.4 RF check
6. Open the Instrument Setup window (if it is not already open),
by clicking on the Main toolbar.
7. Go to Extended Diagnostics (refer to section 7.4 for details)
and select the Gasbox tab. Increase plasma flow to 18.0
L/min.
8. Go to the RF diagnostics page. Set the power value to 0.8
kW. Increment the power levels in units of 0.1 kW to 1.8 kW.
Check that there are no audible noises from the plasma at
any power setting and that there are no Error messages
reported. Return the RF power to 1.2 kW.
9. Go to the Gasbox page and set the plasma flow to 15 L/min.
Note: After a short while, a message will appear stating that the
wavelength calibration is complete, as well as indicating the
wavelength calibration range.
Note: After a short while, a message will appear stating that the
hardware calibration is complete.
7. Select the Vertical for the Orientation and then press the
Torch Scan button.
Note The factory test results are attached to the instrument, inside the
lower right side panel. They should be filed in the instrument’s log
book.
A multi-element test solution has been chosen which provides a
selection of wavelengths (both visible and ultraviolet) including
hard and soft atomic and ionic lines.
Blank
This solution should be prepared from pure distilled, de-ionized
water with 1% analytical reagent grade nitric acid (HNO 3).
Rinse
This solution should be prepared from pure distilled, de-ionized,
acidified water or use the Blank solution.
Notes:-
• All tests should be run under stable ambient environmental
conditions.
• Make sure torch, nebulizer, spraychamber, pump tubes etc....
are clean and in good working condition before starting up the
instrument.
• Polychromator heater and boost gas purge should be turned
on for at least 2 hours before running all tests.
• Plasma should be on for at least 10 minutes before testing.
• The peltier cooling should be on for at least 5 minutes before
testing.
• A Dark Current scan should be completed before testing.
• A valid Wavelength Calibration must be run before testing.
• For Varian 720/730-ES Series instruments, the Argon ratio
should be measured and be within ±0.5 of the factory setting.
• Vertical and horizontal pre-optics positions should be
optimised with the Mn 257.610 nm line for net intensity
Instrument conditions
All tests use the following conditions unless otherwise stated.
Power 1.2 kW
Plasma gas 15 l/min
Auxiliary gas 1.5 l/min
Nebulizer flow setting # see 5 below
Pump tubing White-White (inlet - axial),
Grey-Grey (inlet - radial),
Blue-Blue (outlet)
Pump speed 12 rpm
Horizontal and vertical position Optimized for Mn257
Points/peak 2
Replicate read time 3 sec (10 sec for DL test)
3 RF check
Go to the RF diagnostics page. Set the power value to 0.8
kW. Increment the power levels in units of 0.1 kW to 1.8 kW.
Check that there are no audible noises from the plasma at
any power setting and that there are no Error messages
reported. Return the RF power to 1.2 kW.
4 Go to the Gasbox page and set the plasma flow to 15 L/min.
5 Nebulizer setup - Radial
Aspirate 1000 ppm solution of yttrium and adjust the
nebulizer pressure regulator, or the MFC flow, so that the
top part of the red colored center channel is slightly above
the top of the torch, about 1 mm.
The preferred nebulizer optimization sample for radial
instruments is 1000 ppm yttrium. 1000 ppm NaCl can be
used if necessary.
Nebulizer setup - Axial
Aspirate the standard solution and adjust the nebulizer
pressure for maximum net intensity for Mn at 257.610nm.
JINTERLANDI-
WXP\VARIAN|VAIMDB_SuppliedWorksheets(000)|Instrume
nt Tests\3_02_2006 5_30_40 PM
ES_PerformanceResults.xml
This will open the newly created test worksheets in the ICP
Expert II software.
11. You will be asked if you would like to generate a report using
the data in this directory.
Press ‘Yes’ if the directory is correct.
Press ‘No” and select the appropriate directory.
13. To print the report select the ‘File’ pull-down menu and
select ‘Print…’
14. Select the data you want to display in the report by ticking
the box.
15. Select OK and this will generate the Instrument test report
as normal. (About 4 or 5 pages)
For example
C:\Program Files\Varian\ICPExpert II 725\Run\Instrument
Tests\3_02_2006 5_30_40 PM
Resolution specification
The spectral resolution (FWHM) should be less than or equal to
the following:
Notes;
Check that the viewing height (radial) and nebulizer flow are
set to the optimum values in the worksheet.
Ensure adequate delay time for each solution before
pressing READ.
Ensure adequate rinsing (60 sec) after the standard solution.
The V groove nebuliser may take longer to wash-out than
the glass concentric type
(particularly for sensitive lines like Ba and Mn).
SBR specification -
Signal to background ratio (SBR) for each line is calculated as
follows:
SBR = (Total intensity - blank intensity) / blank intensity
SBR measured should be greater than or equal to the following:
Typical Intensities
The following typical intensity values are provided for diagnostic
purposes. They do not form part of the specification.
Calibration accuracy
The individual concentration read back value of the multielement
standard measured as a sample immediately after a calibration
should be within the following limits:
Notes:
* Check that the viewing height (radial) and nebulizer flow are
set to the optimum values in the worksheet.
* Ensure adequate delay time for each solution before
pressing READ
* Ensure the Blank solution is not contaminated.
* Ensure that sufficient rinse time is allowed after the standard
solution.
This is important when using the V groove nebuliser as it
requires a longer rinse time than the glass concentric type,
especially for sensitive lines like Ba and Mn.
* This test uses only 10 sec. sample measurement time and
compromised conditions for all lines, thus whilst it provides
acceptable confirmation of performance, detection limits
measured with these conditions cannot be directly compared
with those achieved/published using optimised conditions.
Method editor
Appendix
A.1 Additional performance tests (optional)
The following tests are not required during installation but may be
useful in further characterizing instrument performance.
A.1.1 Stray light test
This test requires an analytical calibration with the multielement
standard and blank solutions, then measuring the 10,000 ppm
Ca solution and the multielement standard as Samples. The
stray light is reported as the As concentration measured from the
10000 ppm Ca solution.
Procedure
1. Select ’Open’ worksheet ICP-OES 7XX_Stray in the
Supplied Worksheets folder. Keep the same name and save
it to the appropriate \instrument Tests\date stamped sub-
directory.
2. Check that the viewing height (radial) and nebulizer flow are
set to the optimum values in the worksheet.
3. Go to Analysis page and ensure adequate delay time
between every sample before pressing OK.
4. Aspirate the multielement standard solution, select
STANDARD 1 and press OK.
5. Aspirate the blank solution, select BLANK and press OK.
6. Aspirate the 10,000 ppm Ca solution, select SAMPLE 1 and
press OK.
7. Aspirate the multielement standard, select SAMPLE 2 and
press OK.
8. Ensure adequate rinsing (60 sec.) after each solution
(except blank).
9. If the read back value of the multielement standard is less
than or greater than 2% of its original concentration, repeat
the test.
Varian 710-ES
Element ppm
As 188.980 1.5
Varian 715-ES
Element ppm
As 188.980 3.0
Element ppm
As 193.696 2
4.5 Instrument
1. Remove right front panel.
Clean or replace the pre-optics window as required.
2. Check the scanning mirror shaft for free movement;
lubricate shaft with Fomblin grease if required.
3. Inspect the cables and connectors for wear and signs of
overheating.
4. Clean air inlet filter on top of instrument.
5. Remove left front panels.
Remove the tube that connects from fan to the base of RF
triode.
6. With a vacuum cleaner clean out honeycomb screen
below RF triode socket.
7. Inspect the water cooling hoses from the water cooling
system to the water cooling manifold for cracks and leaks.
8. Turn-on the extraction system and using a soft tissue (or
similar), ensure that the flow of the extraction system is
adequate.
9. Enable extended service diagnostics.
10. Go to Instrument Diagnostics RF page.
11. Turn-on the filament power supply.
12. Check operation of water flow switch by turning-off the
water cooling system and observing that the PC displays a
‘Low water flow’ error message.
13. Turn-on the water cooling system.
14. Reduce the argon inlet supply to 450 kPa (60 psi).
15. Ignite a plasma.
Note: If the error message ‘Low argon flow’ is displayed during
torch ignition this indicates that the argon inlet sintered
filter assembly is partially blocked and requires replacing.
If this happens follow steps 19 to 22.
16. Turn-off the argon supply.
17. Remove the argon supply hose from the argon inlet filter
assembly.
Access to the gas control unit is from the right side rear of
the instrument behind the panel underneath the
polychromator purge filter.
4.6 Accessories
1. Inspect accessories according to checklist*.
Perform any actions as required.
Consumable items*
Tubing and connector kit 99 100558 00
Torch tubing kit 99 100571 00
Sample compartment O-ring kit 99 100572 00
Kit torch fittings "GazFit" 6mm ID Pkt 4 99 101071 00
Tube Transfer FEP Radial – S/M 79 100514 90
Tube Transfer FEP Axial - Cyclone 79 100515 90
Silicon tubing 3/16" ID x 5/16" OD 24 100238 00
Torch Radial Quartz ICP-OES 20 100696 90
Bonnet quartz for radial torch ICP-OES 20 100707 90
Torch Axial Quartz ICP-OES, w/ logo 20 100928 00
Torch Axial Quartz ICP-OES 20 100904 00
Tube Nalgene ¼”ID X 1/16” WALL 37 100334 00
Argon inlet sintered filter 01 103216 90
Cooling air filter 01 105942 90
Pre-optics window 20 100709 90
Filter Inline Acro50 0.2 M 20 100795 00
Filter, Argon charcoal(13x) 68 100060 00
Filter, Argon charcoal(13x - small) 68 100086 00
Filter, 0.1 micron (Vista camera) 68 100080 00
Filter Drie-rite (small) 68 100087 00
Customer Name:
Address:
Instrument Serial Number: Date:
System ID Number:
Incident Number (North America Only):
Place a Tick in the “Checked” section when you have performed the check.
Add descriptive comments in the “Comments” section when either,
corrective action is performed or
if a minor discrepancy is observed and no corrective action was taken.
If more space is required, write the comments on extra pages and include the extra pages to this checklist.
Instrument
Accessories
VGA
Refer to the VGA 77 service manual for further details
Autosampler
Refer to the SPS3 service manual for further details
Inspect/replace Autosampler
tubings*
Ultrasonic Nebuliser
Refer to the manufacturer’s literature for further details
Inspect/replace nebulizer
tubing*
Inspect/clean snout
Performance tests
Instrument condition
Signatures
.......................................................... ……………………….
Varian Service Engineer Date
.......................................................... …… .........................
Customer Date
Place this checklist and a copy of all tests in the instrument log book.
• * These are consumable items and as such are not covered under this preventative
maintenance plan. These items may be covered under local maintenance contracts or
agreements.
Caution Do not run the pump without fluid in the system. If after a
few seconds of turning on the water cooler, water does
not start to circulate through the system, turn the unit off
and consult the manufacturer’s manual for details on how
to prime the pump.
6.1 Introduction 2
6.1 Introduction
This section contains information on spares that are available to
support the instrument in the field and test equipment required for
fault detection, alignment and calibration.
Spare part availability from the factory is consistent with the
service policy stated in section 1 of this manual. The information
in this section is presented in groups consistent with how the
component or assembly is used in the instrument.
Information for all test equipment, calibration equipment and
alignment jigs necessary to fully service the instrument in the field
is provided in this section. Some of the calibration equipment
required by field service engineers is not available from the
factory. In these cases, full specifications are provided to allow
the engineer to source this equipment locally.
1 4
3 5
2
6.2.3 Looms
48 47
51 50 49
46
21 35
20
52
17
29 or 30
43 34
36 45 44 42
Polychromator
Pre-Optics
7 Ax or
8 Rad
11
18
5
12
19
9
6
14
13
Torch compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
01 106526 90 Assy snout for Radial ÿ ÿ 1
01 106659 90 Assy Cooling Plate - Axial ÿ ÿ 2
01 107752 00 Assy Torch Clamp Universal ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 3
01 107894 90 Assy RF box door handle - 7XX Series ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4
01-106014-00 Assy Loom RF door microswitches ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 5
08 101379 00 Hsg, pre-opt. L/D axial ÿ ÿ 6
08 101884 00 Mount RF coil grounded swagelock ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 7
plated
08 101886 00 Mount RF coil live swagelok plated ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 8
09 101001 00 Plate PTFE work coil Radial ÿ ÿ 9
09 101901 00 Plate PTFE work coil Axial ÿ ÿ 10
12 101096 00 Strip Contact ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 11
(RF door channel – 406mm)
15 102202 00 NUT Finger Axial Cone ÿ ÿ 12
15-102209-00 Screw (for insulator/cooling plate axial) ÿ ÿ 13
20 100864 00 Window RF box ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 14
21 100215 00 Insulator (for axial) ÿ ÿ 15
36 100073 00 Cone Pre-optics for Axial ÿ ÿ 16
59 100495 00 Cable fibre optic ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 17
99 101111 00 Kit Coil Resonant ÿ ÿ 18
99 101279 00 Assy work coil Axial ÿ ÿ 19
99 101280 00 Assy work coil Radial ÿ ÿ 20
18
20
1
15
9
2
3
16
19 10 12
1 Ax or 4 Ax or
2 Rad 5 Rad
Anode compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
56 101327 00 Vacuum tube 3CX1500D3 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
01 105969 00 Assy Choke (top) ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2
01 105970 00 Assy choke, RF grid (bottom) ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 3
05 100405 00 Capacitor CR 200pF 5% 15KV ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4
05 100406 00 Capacitor CR 75pF 5% 15KV ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 5
08 101271 00 Hose Clamp, 95.25x71.44 mm ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 6
12 101098 00 RF Contact Strip ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 7
(for RF box top – 406mm)
2 3
1 4
Grid compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
05 100363 00 Capc MI 1nF/500V ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
05 100393 00 Capc CT 25pF/5kV/5% ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2
43 100434 00 Screen mesh "Honey comb"- Ø107mm ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 3
44 100083 00 Assy power tube socket ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4
99 101034 00 Kit, Grid Resistor Network ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 5
(Resistor 2k2/50W & 4k7/50W)
4 2
1
5
Filter compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
01 106013 00 Assy cable HV ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
05 100327 00 Capc Ct 1nF/7.5kV ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2
12 100795 00 Emi Filter Feed-Thru 25A ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 3
21-100167-00 Insulator Bush 6ID ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4
21-100173-00 Insulator Pad PTFE ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 5
53 100097 00 Choke 1.8 uH ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 6
69-100198-00 O-ring 7/16ID x 5/8OD x 3/32IN NIT ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 7
74 100047 00 Ferrite bead 3.2OD 1.3ID 3.0L ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 8
1 2
3 8
Igniter compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
01 106496 90 Assy ignitor box complete ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
11 6
14
13 5
8 7
Miscellaneous
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735
48 100206 00 Micro switch, RF Interlocks ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
03 100003 00 Ball St St 0.25 Aisi 420c (door) ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
12 100965 00 Contact fingers RFI/EMI ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
14 180165 00 Diode Zener In4740a ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
15 101672 00 Screw S/Tap Special 7 X 25 ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ
6.2.8 Chassis
Sample compartment
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
15 101795 00 Stud, spraychamber mount ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
15 102385 00 Screw stud ASA, S/CH mount ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2
16 100854 00 Coupling body 1/8” flow (Neb) ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 3
(mating coupling 16 100853 00)
16 100855 00 Coupling body ¼” flow (Aux) ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4
(mating coupling 16 100856 00)
4 2
19 18 11
21
15
12
16
2
17
5
1 20
6
13
7
11
21
14 & 8
14 & 9
15
21
Instrument
Part Number Description 710 715 720/730 725735 Ref
01 105886 90 Cooling Fan Assy complete ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 1
8
5
7
Laboratory
Part Number Description
18 100001 00 Exhaust fan 240VAC/50Hz
18 100002 00 Exhaust fan 115VAC/60Hz
55 100012 00 Exhaust flue
99 100565 00 Kit extraction 115VAC/60Hz
99 100566 00 Kit extraction 240VAC/50Hz
89 100007 00 Kit gas/mains connection AUS
89 100007 01 Kit gas/mains connection USA
89 100007 02 Kit gas/mains connection EUR
6.2.11 Miscellaneous
Miscellaneous (continued)
Miscellaneous (continued)
6.2.12 Publications
1 2
Description
Oscilloscope (with 100 MHz Bandwidth)
Multimeter (with True RMS Reading)
Spintight 7 mm A/F (nut driver)
for camera removal
(maximum O.D. 11mm)
Note Check that SW1-1 on the gas control pwb is set to closed (normal
operating mode) upon the completion of all tests.
Communications Test
The 386EX control pwb and PC software communicate by the
IEEE RS 488 parallel link. With SW2-1 set to open, the plasma is
automatically extinguished if the PC fails to communicate with the
instrument for a period of more than ten seconds. Set SW2-1
closed before power up to disable this feature. Setting SW2-1
closed will allow the plasma to stay on if the PC does not
communicate with the instrument for extended periods of time.
Note Ensure that switch SW2-1 is set open when you have finished
testing.
RF Interface Test 2
This test is included in all microprocessor-driven pwbs. When it is
enabled, the test cycles LEDs D3, D4, D5 and D6 in a Gray code
pattern.
RF Interface Test 3
This test is included in all microprocessor driven pwbs. When it is
enabled, the 80C32 outputs a pulse train at the TXD output. Set
DIP switch 3 closed position and use an oscilloscope to sample
TXD on pin 11 of IC1.
Operating Indicators
LED’s on the Peristaltic pump pwb are provided for diagnostic
purposes. The jumpers share the IO pins with the LEDs. The
jumpers are scanned in turn and monitored to detect the
presence of a jumper.
Error Codes
Identifier Code Description
ERROR_PB2_STUCK_LOW 12 PUMP_EN stuck in logic low
ERROR_PB2_STUCK_HIGH 13 PUMP_EN stuck in logic high
ERROR_PD3_STUCK_LOW 14 phase-2 (cosine) stuck in logic low
ERROR_PD3_STUCK_HIGH 15 phase-2 (cosine) stuck in logic high
ERROR_PD5_STUCK_LOW 16 phase-1 (sine) stuck in logic low
ERROR_PD5_STUCK_HIGH 17 phase-1 (sine) stuck in logic high
ERROR_PD6_STUCK_LOW 18 phase-3 stuck in logic low
ERROR_PD6_STUCK_HIGH 19 phase-3 stuck in logic high
ERROR20_NO_MOTOR 20 no motor detected
ERROR21_PHASE1_OPEN_CIRCUIT 21 no current in winding 1 detected
ERROR22_PHASE2_OPEN_CIRCUIT 22 no current in winding 2 detected
ERROR23_PHASE3_OPEN_CIRCUIT 23 no current in winding 3 detected
ERROR25_PHASE_IMBALANCE 25 current difference exceeds 50% of current
average
ERROR26_PHASE1_SHORT_CIRCUIT 26 excessive current in winding 1 detected
ERROR27_PHASE2_SHORT_CIRCUIT 27 excessive current in winding 2 detected
ERROR28_PHASE3_SHORT_CIRCUIT 28 excessive current in winding 3 detected
Morse Code
The Firmware Version, error codes and some other numeric
indications are given in international Morse code. This minimises
the number of flashes that need to be counted, allows for multi
digit indications and is quite easy to learn.
Morse code digits always consist of 5 flashes per digit. There are
short and long flashes, the pause between flashes within a digit
are the same as the duration of a short flash. The pause between
digits is longer.
Hint: It is only necessary to either count the short or the long
flashes and to remember if the short flashes were before or after
the long ones.
• • • • 6 1 7
• • • 7
• • 8
• 9
0
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
Functions:
1. Continuous refresh.
The status of the instrument is cyclically updated. Many
parameters will be greyed out and inaccessible when in this
mode.
2. Single update.
The status of the instrument is updated once when you click
on this icon.
3. Apply.
The instrument is updated with any changed parameters
when you click on this icon. Any time you change parameters
on the diagnostics folders you must click on this icon to
implement the change.
4. Torch On or Torch Off.
These icons turn the torch on and off.
5. Pump On, Pump Off, Pump fast.
These icons turn the peristaltic pump on or off, and the fast
pump icon makes the pump run at 50 rpm.
6. Gasbox Power Down.
This removes power to all solenoids, and disables the igniter
and peristaltic pump.
7. RF Power Down.
This removes the RF drive to the power tube, filament and
high voltage supplies.
8. ICB, GB and RF “LEDS”.
These icons are indicators showing when each of the three
boards are communicating. The boards are the 386EX control
Board, the Gasbox board, and the RF interface board.
9. Theoretical wavelength positions.
This icons turns the wavelength calibration offsets on (button
“depressed”) or off (button “out”).
10. The “key”.
This is the Password entry icon. Entering the correct
password allows you access to the extended service-only
diagnostics.
Status folder
Details folder
Calibrate
Click here to initiate a wavelength calibration. The results will be
updated when the spectrum has finished. The results will also be
appended to a file called “Wavelength Calibration.txt” in the
C:\Program Files\Varian\ICPExpert II 7XX-ES\Run\Log
subdirectory.
Calculate drift
This action will calculate the drift since the last calibration and
display the result. Excessive drift may suggest recalibration.
Stop (F12)
This action will stop any of the actions above.
Calibrate Detector
Click here to initiate a “read spectrum” of the camera to quantify
the dark current characteristics. You must do this before
performing a wavelength calibration. The results are stored and
subtracted from all subsequent readings. This will also take
readings and average them to produce an average offset of the
camera.
Calibrate Wavelength
Click here to initiate a wavelength calibration. The results will be
updated when the spectrum has finished. The results will also be
appended to a file called “wavelengthcalibration.txt” in the
C:\Program Files\Varian\ICPExpert II 71X-ES\Run\Log
subdirectory.
Calculate drift
This action will calculate the drift since the last calibration and
display the result. Excessive drift may suggest recalibration.
Calibrate shutter
This will cause the instrument to take photometric measurements
which characterize the camera exposure time errors caused by
the mechanical inertia and reproducibility variation of the shutter.
Typically, the shutter delay will be in the range ±2 mS. Results of
this test can be found in the ShutterCalibration.txt file located in
the C:\Program Files\Varian\ICPExpert II 7XX-ES\Run\Log
subdirectory.
Calibrate Attenuator
The attenuator calibration task is designed to characterize the
light transmission of the attenuator across the wavelength range
of the instrument. It will generate a pass/fail message as
compared against expected values. The results of this test can be
found in the AttenuatorCalibration.txt file located in the
C:\Program Files\Varian\ICPExpert II 7XX-ES\Run\Log
subdirectory.
The torch alignment folder allows you to set the position of the
pre-optics scanning mirror (M1) so that it is looking at the
optimum part of the plasma. In an axial instrument there are two
settings - horizontal and vertical - while on a radial instrument
there is only the horizontal setting (the vertical setting - called
viewing height - is stored in the worksheet).
Note For Radial instrument, if the service password has been entered,
the vertical setting can also be monitored.
To perform the alignment you aspirate a 5 ppm Mn solution and
perform a horizontal and then a vertical torch scan (if it is an axial
instrument), using the supplied torch alignment worksheet.
Unless the vertical scan is very close to the home position, you
should do another vertical scan. When the instrument scans the
torch, it sets the pre-optics to the optimum position for viewing
the plasma.
You can change the Rack Type by Right Clicking on any rack
position and selecting the appropriate rack.
7.4.9 Graphs
Although this is not a separate folder, graphs form part of the
next four diagnostics folders. The same graph information and
stored files are displayed on these folders:
• Quick
• Gasbox
• RF
The graphs (spectrums) are visual representation of signals from
the camera, and there are several varieties on the types of
graphs available. Individual or multiple DLA responses, either the
right or left side, can be displayed and they can be read
repetitively or singly.
Collections of pre-defined spectrums can be stored and retrieved
from the registry, using the “Save” and “Load” buttons.
Note For the Varian 720/730-ES series only. If you position the cursor
over the “Save” button and hold down the <Ctrl> and <Shift>
keys together, with at least one graph in the list, you can
generate a list of graphs which covers every DLA, and it will be
saved to the registry as “all”.
1 5 8
7
2 4 9
3 6 10
Functions:
1. Read Spectrum.
This initiates a single read of the specified graph(s).
2. Read Continuous Spectrum.
This initiates a cyclic, or continuous, read of the specified
graph(s).
3. Stop.
This icon becomes active (red) once a read spectrum has
begun. It STOPS the read.
4. New Graph.
This opens a new graph and pops up the graph parameters
pages:
9. Single Graph.
Selecting this icon will display each graph singly.
10. Echelle.
Selecting this icon will display the camera’s response as an
echellogram.
Gasbox folder
Plasma flow
The plasma flow field allows plasma gas flow to be turned ON
within allowable limits. The field also confirms selection. As the
smallest increment of plasma flow is 1.5 L/min, all settings are
rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 1.5 L/min.
Auxiliary flow
The auxiliary flow field allows the auxiliary gas flow to be turned
ON within allowable limits. The field confirms selection. The
smallest increment of auxiliary flow is 0.75 L/min, all settings are
rounded up or down to the nearest multiple of 0.75 L/min.
Pump Rate
The pump rate field allows the peristaltic pump to be set to any
allowable rpm between 0 and 50 rpm. The field then confirms the
selection.
Auxiliary boost
The auxiliary boost field allows auxiliary gas flow to be turned on
or off. The ‘&‘ in the field confirms selection. The auxiliary boost
flow is rated at 26 L/min.
Snout/Cone purge
The snout/cone purge field allows the snout/cone purge to be
turned on or off. The ‘&‘ in the field then confirms selection. It
cannot be turned off while the plasma is on.
Argon pressure OK
This is a read only field which displays the current state of the
argon inlet pressure switch. ‘&‘ symbolizes closed (pressure OK)
and o symbolizes open (pressure low).
Igniter
The igniter field allows the igniter to be turned ON to continuously
generate a spark. The field confirms the selection of ON by the
use of ‘&‘.
To allow the spark to discharge through the torch, set the plasma
flow greater than 15 L/min.
Warning Contact with the high voltage spark from the igniter can cause
electric shock. To avoid electric shock, always check that the
torch compartment door is closed when the igniter module is
operating.
Pre-optics
You can drive the pre-optics stepper motors independently to
arbitrary positions or to the home sensor. A tick, ‘&‘, will appear in
At Home check box when the opto sensor detects the mirror is
“home”.
Temperature Control
The Peltier cooling on the camera and the heater can be turned
on by entering a tick, ‘&‘, in the adjacent box. You must click on
the “apply” button on the toolbar to effect the change.
The Peltier and casting temperatures can also be monitored.
Polychromator
Camera supplies - A tick, ‘&‘, in this box will turn the +/- 15V
supplies on.
Shutter open - A tick, ‘&‘, in this box will open the shutter,
and a blank will close the shutters.
Full illumination LED - A tick, ‘&‘, in this box will turn on the LED
which floods the detector with light.
7.4.14 RF folder
The RF folder allows testing, monitoring and control of the RF
generating system. This folder is accessible only in extended
service diagnostics (password protected).
RF interlocks
These are all read only fields. When the monitor column is ‘&‘, the
interlock is being actively monitored. During normal plasma
operation all of the interlock states should be ‘&‘.
RF status lines
These are all read only fields. The status lines reflect the current
condition of each function. As each is enabled, the monitor field
will display a ‘&‘.
Filament (stage 1)
The Set field allows the filament supply to be turned ON ‘&‘
without application of the high voltage anode supply to the power
tube. The field confirms selection.
HV (stage 2)
The Set field allows the high voltage anode supply to be applied
to the power tube. The ‘&‘ field confirms selection.
Note The software will not allow the HV supply to be turned ON unless
the filament supply (stage 1) is ON and has warmed the filament
of the power tube for a minimum of 30 seconds.
RF power
The Set field allows the level of RF power produced by the RF
generator to be changed. The Actual field confirms selection.
Note The software displays the same information in a different way for
the Varian 710-ES Series instrument as it does for the Varian
720/730-ES Series instrument. This is because of the different
camera geometry.
DLA 20
DLA 21
DLA 20
Ratio of
DLA 20
and
DLA 22
Warning Before you consider altering anything in the Windows Registry you
must backup the registry files. Alterations to the registry can cause
catastrophic failure to the PC’s operating system and software.
943 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS exit from interrupt task due to following
error
944 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS param stack underflow
945 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS return stack underflow
946 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS error stack underflow
947 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS error stack over flow
948 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS forth informative error
949 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS undefined symbol
950 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS divide by zero
951 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid stepper number
952 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS stepper tried to exceed range limit
953 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS STPR disconnected Unable to reset
954 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS STPR disconnected or STPR reset
required
955 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS numeric overflow error
956 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid mask bit
957 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS GPIB command device code error
958 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS GPIB command parameter error
959 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS GPIB command parameter count error
960 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS attempt to send text from non-system task
961 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid limit or limits reversed
962 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid tag in GPIB command
963 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS text tag expected Message ignored
964 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS unable to add new sequence routine
965 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid rack number
966 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid tube number
967 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS invalid rack type
968 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS system failure
969 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS main arm failed to locate opto on reset
970 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS alt arm failed to locate opto on reset
971 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS up down drive failed to locate opto on
reset
972 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS syringe failed to locate opto on reset
973 Error SPS final tube has insufficient volume
974 Error SPS invalid height specified
975 Error SPS syringe disconnected
976 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS command busy Unable to execute new
command ignored
977 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS bad position for park command
978 Internal Error Varian Reference - SPS unable to call new sequence routine
1000 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES function not implemented
1001 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES not initialized
1002 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES already initialized
1003 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES software bus connection not made
1004 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES software bus connection already
made
1005 Error ICP-OES offline
1006 Error ICP-OES online
1007 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES not locked
1008 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES locked
1009 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES lock code mismatch
1010 Error ICP-OES busy please wait
1011 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES command timeout
1015 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES checksum Error
1016 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES packet length mismatch
1017 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES invalid packet format
1030 Internal Error Varian Reference - No Error
1031 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid directive code received
1032 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instruction data length is incorrect check PC
and instrument software version numbers
1033 Internal Error Varian Reference - The read setup parameters are out of
sequence
1034 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instruction parameter not within the specified
range Check PC and instrument software version numbers
1035 Error Vertical or horizontal viewing optics initialization has failed
1036 Internal Error Varian Reference - Unable to write or read from the instrument
setup PROM
1037 Internal Error Varian Reference - Camera has failed to return the data within the
time limit
1038 Internal Error Varian Reference - Incorrect limits for the segment set up were
received
1039 Error Fault with temperature of peltier cooling for detector
1040 Error Fault with temperature of polychromator heaters
1041 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid camera data
1042 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid status return
1100 Internal Error Varian Reference –ICP-OES Ws function not implemented
1101 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet not initialized
1102 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet already initialized
1103 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet software bus connection
not made
1104 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet software bus connection
already made
1105 Error ICP-OES worksheet offline
1106 ICP-OES worksheet online
1107 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet not locked
1108 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet locked
1109 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet lock code mismatch
1110 Error ICP-OES worksheet busy
1111 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet command timeout
1115 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet checksum error
1116 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet packet length mismatch
1117 Internal Error Varian Reference -ICP-OES worksheet invalid packet format
1177 Error Plasma not detected Ensure the plasma is ignited
1178 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument parameter out of range
1179 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument command unknown
1180 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument command has incorrect number of
parameters
1181 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument command sequence error
1182 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument ready signal
1183 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument busy signal
1184 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument timeout signal
1185 Internal Error Varian Reference - Instrument fault occurred
1198 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox reserved
1199 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox RAM failure
1200 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox ROM checksum failure
1201 Internal Error Varian Reference - Reserved
1202 Error Low Argon pressure Check argon supply and pressure
1203 Internal Error Varian Reference - No liquid trap (unused)
1204 Error Nebulizer flow too low Check method parameters, gas
connections, nebulizer and torch
1205 Error Nebulizer flow too high Check method parameters, gas
connections, nebulizer and torch
1233 Error Cannot turn off cone purge while torch is on
1234 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox not ready
1235 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox not Ok to send
1236 Internal Error Varian Reference - Gasbox command timeout
12017 Internal Error Varian Reference - Insufficient memory for requested operation on
worksheet
12018 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid pointer for worksheet
12019 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid handle for worksheet
12020 Internal Error Varian Reference - Access to the worksheet is denied
12021 Internal Error Varian Reference - Worksheet file not found
12022 Internal Error Varian Reference -Path to worksheet not found
12550 Internal Error Varian Reference - File not open
12551 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid tag
12552 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid operation
12553 Internal Error Varian Reference - Incorrect version
12554 Internal Error Varian Reference - Table not found
12555 Internal Error Varian Reference - File error
15001 Internal Error Varian Reference - Illegal call
15002 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid type
15050 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid cell type
15501 Internal Error Varian Reference - Index out of range
15502 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid operation
15503 Internal Error Varian Reference -Length mismatch
15504 Internal Error Varian Reference - Already initialized
15505 Internal Error Varian Reference - Not initialized
15506 Internal Error Varian Reference - Null pointer
16501 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid parameter
16550 Internal Error Varian Reference - Must override
16551 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid parameter
16552 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid SPS command
16600 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid RF command
16601 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid gasbox command
16602 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid ICB command
16603 Internal Error Varian Reference - Argon purge not ready
16604 Internal Error Varian Reference -Peltier not ready
16650 Internal Error Varian Reference - Not supported
16700 Internal Error Varian Reference - Sequencing error
16701 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid parameter
16702 Internal Error Varian Reference - Not supported
16703 Internal Error Varian Reference -Plasma not ignited
16750 Internal Error Varian Reference - Sequencing error
16751 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid parameter
16752 Internal Error Varian Reference - Not supported
16800 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid parameter
16801 Internal Error Varian Reference - Sequencing error
18550 Internal Error Varian Reference - Object not initialized
18551 Internal Error Varian Reference - Already open
18552 Internal Error Varian Reference - Not open
18553 Internal Error Varian Reference -Length mismatch
18554 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid operation
19501 Internal Error Varian Reference - An invalid sample introduction type was
specified
19550 Internal Error Incorrect number scan regions
19551 Internal Error Incorrect DLA number
19552 Internal Error Invalid wavelength
19601 Internal Error Varian Reference - Must override this function
19602 Internal Error Varian Reference -Value already set
19603 Internal Error Varian Reference -Value not set
19650 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid SPS rack type specified
19651 Internal Error Varian Reference - Invalid SPS rack position specified
19652 Internal Error Varian Reference -Load string failed to find the resource string
19653 Internal Error Varian Reference - Change Racks
As the aerosol passes through the pre-heated zone and into the
plasma, it rapidly changes state by
• Desolvation
• Vaporization
• Atomization
• Excitation to emission (atomic and ionic)
Model
Options 710 715 720 725 730 735
Peristaltic 3 Channel S S O O - -
Pump 4 Channel - - O O S S
Nebuliser Pressure Regulator
S S O O - -
gas control
Computer controlled
- - O O S S
Mass Flow Controller
Sample Inert double-pass
introduction cyclone spraychamber
- S - O - O
and V-groove nebulizer
(radial only)
Glass, double-pass
cyclone spraychamber
- - O O O O
and SeaSpray nebulizer
(radial or axial)
Glass single-pass
cyclone spraychamber
S - O - O -
and Conikal nebulizer
(axial only)
Glass, single-pass
cyclone spraychamber
- - O O O O
and SeaSpray nebulizer
(axial only)
Snout Radial only - O - S - S
torch one-piece quartz torch S S S S S S
semi and fully-
demountable torches
O O O O O O
with choice of quartz or
ceramic injector tubes
9.3.1 Nebulizers
The uniform delivery of an aerosol into the plasma involves
breaking up a stream of liquid into small aerosol particles which
are then swept to the plasma by a carrier gas. The liquid and
carrier gas are combined to form an aerosol in a device known as
a nebulizer.
The flow of the liquid sample into a nebulizer is controlled by
tubing fitted on a peristaltic pump. The pump rotates at user
specified speeds. The speed of the pump and the internal
diameter of the tubing that supplies the sample to the nebulizer
regulate the amount of sample that is aspirated.
Two basic types of nebulizers may be used with the
Varian 700-ES Series instruments to form an aerosol
• Pneumatic (standard)
• Ultrasonic (optional)
There are two types of factory-fitted pneumatic nebulizers
typically used with the Varian 700-ES Series instruments.
• V-groove
• Glass concentric
V-groove
The V-groove nebulizer is typically used with the Varian radially
viewed instruments.
Glass Concentric
The Conikal ‘K’ type nebulizer is used for high precision, routine
aqueous and organic applications.
• Material: Borosilicate glass
• High physical reproducibility ~ 1%
• TDS tolerance, typically up to 10%
• High tolerance to particulates, typically up to 75um
• Low RSD’s due to highly accurate construction
• Free uptake: 3mL/min
• Gas flow: 0.7L/min at 30psi
Ultrasonic
An ultrasonic nebulizer is offered with the Varian 700-ES Series
instruments as an accessory.
A typical ultrasonic nebulizer uses the vibration of a piezo-electric
transducer to form an aerosol.
coolant
out
coolant
in
desolvated heated
aerosol condenser (140°C)
to ICP U-tube
drain Argon in
aerosol
RF chamber
1.4 MHz
sample inlet
transducer
drain
9.3.2 Spraychambers
The combined carrier gas and sample aerosol generated by the
nebulizer are introduced into the spraychamber.
The aerosol must be injected into the plasma at a uniform rate
without causing plasma destabilisation. In addition to this, the
aerosol that is injected into the torch must also contain a
sufficient number of small droplets that are reproducible and
representative of the sample. A spraychamber is used to remove
the larger droplets from the aerosol while providing a uniform flow
of aerosol to the torch. The spraychamber provides an interface
to pass the aerosol to the torch. The design transports a fine
spray to the torch, while larger droplets coalesce, fall to the
bottom and are removed through the spraychamber drain by the
pump and pump tubing.
Typical spraychambers used with the Varian 700-ES Series
instruments include
• Inert double-pass cyclone (Sturman-Masters)
• Glass single-pass cyclone (Cyclonic)
• Glass double-pass cyclone (Twister)
Sturman-Masters
The Sturman-Masters double pass cylindrical spraychamber,
shown below, is typically used on radial instruments. It must be
used if the V-groove nebulizer is required. However, it canalso be
used with the glass concentric nebulisers if an adapter is used.
Note Do not touch the inner surface as its properties may be altered.
Note All these spraychambers above are suitable for use with aqueous
and organic solvents. High concentrations of xylene may cause
the Sturman-Masters spraychamber material to swell. This effect
is generally reversible by cleaning and drying.
9.3.5 Torches
The torch confines ionized argon gas in the RF field of the
induction coil and introduces the fine sample aerosol from the
spraychamber to the plasma preheating zone.
The outer wall forms the channel that carries the plasma gas
flow. The plasma flow keeps the plasma from overheating the
torch.
The injector tube is the inner-most tube and carries the sample
aerosol to the plasma. The flow of the sample aerosol is
determined by the carrier gas flow rate.
One piece torches are available for different applications and with
different injector sizes.
Axial
High dissolved solids torch (patented)
Extended high dissolved solids torch (full length outer tube)
One piece torch with 0.8mm ID injector (volatile organics)
One piece torch with 1.4mm ID injector (common organics)
Radial
High dissolved solids torch with 1.8mm ID injector
Annealed one piece torch with 0.8mm ID injector
Annealed one piece torch with 1.4mm injector
Demountable Torch
Optional torch designs are available
1. Semi-demountable (with removable injector tubes) and
2. Fully demountable (with removable plasma, auxiliary and
injector tubes).
Bonnet
The bonnet on radial instruments minimizes plasma arc-over to
the induction coil during ignition.
Bonnet
Warning Always determine what types of samples and solvents are in use before
starting any work on the sample introduction system of an installed
instrument, Hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns may cause loss of limbs. Ensure
that your customer flushes the system and removes the drain bottle
contents.
Warning Some solutions can cause eye damage, loss of limbs, severe burns or
skin irritation. Always wear eye protection and protective gloves when
working with acid solutions and seek medical treatment if any solutions
contact the skin.
Always release the pump pressure bars and tubing tension when
you have finished an analytical sequence or when the pump is
not being used for long periods. Peristaltic pump tubing can lose
its elasticity quickly.
Warning The torch and glass (quartz) components of the sample introduction
system are fragile. Handle them with care
Warning The torch, bonnet, work coil, and snout or sample cone become
very hot during plasma operation. Always wear protective gloves
or let these parts cool before you handle them.
1. Click the Windows Start button and choose Programs > ICP
Expert > ICP Expert Help.
2. When the ICP Expert Help software appears, click the
Hardware link to view step-by-step instructions on how to
remove and install the various instrument components.
9.5.1 Nebulizers
Note You must optimize the nebulizer gas flow after changing a
nebulizer.
Glass concentric
Disconnect the argon gas nebulizer supply from the quick
disconnect connector on the right hand side of the sample
compartment or the ASA (if fitted).
Remove the EZYLOK connection from the nebulizer gas inlet
tube.
Carefully pull the nebulizer from the bung or spraychamber with a
twisting action.
Note For nebulisers without EZYLOK connections, carefully cut off the
nebulizer gas inlet tube with a sharp knife. You may break the
nebulizer if you try to remove the tube. To refit the tube, immerse
the nebulizer gas tubing in hot water to make connection easier.
Replace the nebulizer sample inlet tubing. To minimize dead
volume, check that the EZYFIT connection is pushed into the
sample inlet of the nebulizer as far as it will go. Wetting the
nebulizer with water will make this easier.
V-groove
Note The V-groove nebulizer is made from inert material (PEEK) which
resists most solvents, including hydrofluoric acid. High dissolved
solids and slurries can also be successfully used.
This nebulizer can only be used with a Sturman / Masters
spraychamber
Disconnect the gas and sample tubes from the instrument.
Using a twisting motion pull the nebulizer out of the
spraychamber.
To re-assemble, insert the V-groove nebulizer into the spray
chamber with the sample inlet at the bottom.
Ensure that the plasma and the peristaltic pump are not in use.
Disconnect the nebulizer capillary and sample capillary from the
sample pump tubing.
Disconnect the drain tubing and the spray chamber tubing from
the drain pump tubing.
Release the peristaltic pump tubing clamps.
Replacement tubing is available in kits. Refer to the operations
manual or software on-line help for more information.
Note Pump tubing is considered consumable and should be replaced
at customer expense unless expressly included in a specific
service agreement or contract.
Pump tubing should be fitted to the sample and drain lines as
shown in the instruction sheet in the kit. Stretch the pump tubing
over the pump rollers. The sample pump tubing should be in the
front channel and the drain tubing in the rear channel.
Note As the pump tubing beds in and wears it will stretch and flatten
and may require re-adjustment or replacement to maintain
optimum instrument performance.
9.5.6 Spraychambers
Warning Glass concentric nebulizers and other glass parts in the sample
introduction system are prone to chipping, cracking, and breakage
as they age and if they are mishandled. Take care when handling
glass or quartz assemblies.
9.5.7 Torches
Lower the torch and raise the snout to allow the bonnet to be
removed.
Hold the torch and open the torch clamp assembly on the torch
compartment wall.
Carefully remove the torch from the torch compartment.
Reverse this procedure to refit the torch.
Warning Torches, nebulizers, and other quartz parts in the sample introduction
system are prone to chipping, cracking, and breakage as they age
and if they are mishandled. Take care when handling quartz
assemblies.
Carefully hold the torch, open the torch clamp locking knob and
lift the torch from the clamp bed.
Note A very light smear of vacuum grease between the plastic injector
tube holder and the torch body will ensure a tight seal.
Warning Torches, bonnets and other quartz parts in the sample introduction
system are prone to chipping, cracking, and breakage as they age
and if they are mishandled. Take care when handling quartz
assemblies.
Snout assembly
Follow these steps when installing the snout on a radial
instrument.
Ensure the torch has been removed from the unit or lowered to a
height where the top outer sleeve of the torch is below the top of
the work coil.
Ensure the bonnet has been fitted on top of the work coil.
Warning Torches, bonnets and other quartz parts in the sample introduction
system are prone to chipping, cracking, and breakage as they age
and if they are mishandled. Take care when handling quartz
assemblies.
Remove the two retaining bolts, nuts and washers from the
alodined brackets that retain the ertalyte clamp.
Remove the assembly from the instrument.
Note Removal and replacement of the torch clamp may affect the torch
horizontal scan profile. Perform a horizontal torch alignment scan
to check that the torch is properly centered. The profile must
peak within ±1.5 mm of the center position.
Remove the two retaining bolts, nuts and washers from the
alodined brackets that retain the ertalyte clamp.
Remove the assembly from the instrument.
Replace the clamp and torch clamp assembly in reverse order
leaving the retaining bolts finger tight.
Remove the cone and fit the base of the alignment tool to the
pre-optics barrel.
Insert the shaft of the alignment tool through the work coil and
install it to the base of the alignment tool.
Clamp the torch clamp on the shaft and observe that the
orientation of the clamp is square to the base of the torch
compartment.
Lock the clamp into position by tightening the retaining screws
Note Removal, replacement and adjustment of the torch clamp will
affect the torch scan profiles. Perform a vertical and horizontal
torch alignment to check that the torch is properly centered.
9.6 Maintenance
This section provides information for cleaning and maintenance
of the sample introduction system.
9.6.1 Nebulizers
Check that the nebulizer is clean before connecting it to the
instrument. Routine flushing with clean rinse liquid between
samples and after a run will help prevent deposits from forming
on the nebulizer which might interfere with the sample or
nebulizer gas flow.
V-Groove nebulizer
V-groove nebulizers should be used for samples containing high
solid content or hydrofluoric acid. Routine flushing with clean
rinse liquid between samples will help prevent sample deposition
on the nebulizer tip.
Warning V-Groove nebulizers are often used when analyzing samples that
contain hydrofluoric acid. Always determine what types of
samples and solvents are in use before starting any work on the
sample introduction system. Hydrofluoric acid (HF) burns may
cause loss of limbs. Ensure that your customer flushes the
sample introduction system, cleans the nebulizer and removes the
drain bottle contents before attempting to service the system.
9.6.4 Spraychambers
Glass spraychambers
The spraychamber will require cleaning if you see droplets
collecting on the internal surfaces of the spraychamber. This may
cause signal instability problems and even plasma flickering
problems.
Rinsing the spray chamber by aspirating a mildly-acidic blank
solution for several minutes will clean the spraychamber and
ensure that sample deposits will not form inside a spray chamber
when the spraychamber dries out after use.
If the spraychamber becomes contaminated with sample
deposits, it should be soaked overnight in a cleaning solution
such as 10% Decon 90. If this doesn’t remove the contamination,
stronger acidic baths can be used, but not solutions of
hydrofluoric acid.
HF (hydrofluoric acid) should not be used with glass or quartz.
Using any amount of HF will cause damage.
Do not wash glass spray chambers in an ultrasonic bath.
9.6.5 Torches
The torch must be kept clean and free of deposits to ensure good
analytical performance and to prolong the life of the torch.
Deposits which form on the torch may interfere with the normal
operation of the instrument and the salts embedded in the quartz
outer tube devitrifies when the torch is exposed to the heat of the
plasma. Fragments may also lodge in the injector tube and
obstruct sample introduction to the plasma.
Warning Nitric, hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids and aqua regia are
very corrosive and can cause severe burns. Protective clothing
must be used when handling these acids. Strong rubber gloves
and a face shield must always be worn when using hydrofluoric
acid. Only chemists should handle these acids. Obtain help
from a chemist if you need to clean sample introduction system
components.
Note Always dry the torch before replacing it or the plasma will not
ignite. Preferably rinse the torch with methanol and dry it with a
stream of air or nitrogen.
9.6.6 Bonnet
Deposits which may develop on the torch bonnet can be removed
by the same procedures described for the torch.
Gas control
manifold
Argon supply
For the Varian 710/720-ES series instruments, the gas control manifold
assembly has only one gas supply hose. Argon gas is used to purge the
polychromator as well as in the plasma. A Nitrogen Purge kit is available that
allows you to purge the polychromator with nitrogen instead of argon (refer to
the Nitrogen Purge option later in this section).
The Nitrogen Purge kit is fitted as standard on the Varian 730-ES series
instruments. For the Varian 710/720-ES series instruments, this kit can be
fitted to the instrument either as a factory fitted option or field fitted option.
The Argon supply requires a regulated argon gas source of less than 700 kPa
(100 psi). The gas flows from the regulated source into the gas inlet manifold
through the argon inlet frit filter.
The gas inlet manifold is made from a machined aluminium block. Gas
pressure from the argon supply hose is monitored by a pressure sensor switch
mounted on the inlet manifold at the output of the argon inlet frit filter. This
switch is factory set, and connected to the gasbox interconnect pwb. If the
filtered argon inlet pressure drops below 345 ± 5 kPa (58 psi) the sensor will
open. The open switch will trigger the gas control pwb to generate the PC
software error
‘low argon pressure’.
The argon gas then flows in two paths - one directly to the nebuliser gas
supply, the other to the gas control manifold regulator. This gas control
manifold supply regulator is adjusted to 220 ± 5 kPa (32 psi) at the factory and
regulates the pressure supplied to the gas control manifold. The gas supply
manifold contains a series of jewelled orifices selected by solenoids as
appropriate to control the argon flow to the;
• Plasma gas
• Auxiliary gas
• Snout or cone purge gas
• Polychromator boost purge gas
There are two flows that are not solenoid controlled and therefore provide a
continuous flow.
Drierite filter
molecular
sieve filter
particulate
filter
Plasma
The selected plasma flow passes through a combination passage and the
igniter assembly to the torch. During an ignition sequence the plasma gas
carries the spark discharge from the igniter assembly to the torch. The plasma
orifice jewels are sized to deliver 1.5 l/min, 3 l/min, 6 l/min, and 12 l/min flows
to provide a maximum flow of 22.5 l/min when all solenoids are open.
Igniter assembly
The igniter assembly is mounted on the right hand wall of the torch
compartment.
The active low plasma ignite signal from the gas control pwb drives an
electronic high voltage spark generator. The spark generator is mounted with
its discharging electrode protruding into the main plasma gas line. Argon
ionized by the spark flows to the torch and in the presence of an active RF
work coil field establishes the plasma.
Auxiliary
The selected auxiliary flow passes through a combination passage to the torch.
The auxiliary gas flow orifice jewels are sized to produce 0.75 l/min, 1.5 l/min
and 26 l/min. In regular operation, auxiliary flows of 0, 0.75, 1.5 or 2.25 l/min
may be selected.
The 26 L/min flow is used only during ignition. The instrument will not be able
to sustain a plasma if 26 L/min of auxiliary gas flow is left on after ignition.
The instrument software allows the use of the snout purge when analysis of
lower wavelength vacuum ultra violet analytical lines is required. The control
solenoid is turned on from the PC instrument software through the gas control
and gasbox interconnect pwbs when the extra polychromator boost preference
is enabled.
Polychromator purge
Gas flow to the polychromator from the gas supply manifold is in two stages.
The standard flow of 0.75 l/min is unswitched and provides a continuous
polychromator purge gas on all Varian ICP-OES instruments. The flow may be
increased by the polychromator boost purge when required (solenoid SV8
enabled).
The boost purge is required when analysis of lower wavelength vacuum ultra
violet analytical lines is required. The boost control solenoid is turned-on from
the PC software through the gas control and gasbox interconnect pwbs.
The polychromator purge and the polychromator boost purge are connected in
parallel through a molecular sieve / charcoal filter. The polychromator purge
maximum gas flow is approximately 3.75 l/min with the polychromator boost
purge enabled.
Note The filter is directional in design and the flow of gas through this cartridge must
be in the direction indicated on the label fixed to the filter. This filter is fitted to
the rear of the instrument. The flow direction arrow must point up.
Molecular sieve /
charcoal filter
The gas from the gas supply hose flows through an inlet frit filter, through a
regulator (set to 220kPa) to the polychromator molecular sieve/ charcoal filter.
The polychromator purge orifice and polychromator boost purge orifice sets the
flow through the filter. The polychromator purge flow is not switched and is
always on. The polychromator boost purge flow is switched and controlled by
the PC software through the gas control pwb.
Note The gas pressure from the nitrogen supply is not monitored for pressure or
flow.
Note It is permissible to use argon if the nitrogen gas supply is temporarily
unavailable.
The mass flow controller used in the Varian ICP-OES instruments is a device
which accurately supplies a specified flow of argon gas. It is set by an analog
voltage from the gasbox control pwb. This assembly can not be serviced and
must be replaced at module level.
The argon gas flow can be set from 0 to 1.3 l/min.
The mass flow controller also provides an output voltage proportional to the
actual flow achieved. This signal is applied to a window comparator circuit
located on the gas control pwb. The circuitry compares the requested flow
voltage with the set voltage (requested flow rate). If the voltage is too low or
too high for the requested flow rate, the gasbox control pwb will cause the PC
instrument software to generate an appropriate error message.
Gas control
pwb
The gas control pwb is located on the upper, left hand side of the instrument
next to the RF interface pwb on the Instrument power pwb service bracket.
The gas control pwb is controlled by IC7, an 80C32 microprocessor, operating
at a clock frequency of 12 MHz. The 80C32 has three, 8 bit parallel I/O ports.
P1-7 on Port 1 is used by the main program store to recognize which part
number gas control pwb is being used. In the case of the Varian 710/720 and
730 series gas control pwb pin 8 is hardwired to signal earth which will be read
as a logic low when the 80C32 reads port 1.
Note This Gasbox pwb is also used in the Varian Liberty Series II instrument.
Memory
Multiplexed address/data information is separated by IC8 (74HCT573) which
latches the low address byte on the falling edge of ALE. The program store
enable (PSEN) output of the microprocessor selects program memory or data
memory and I/O functions.
IC9, a 27C256 32 kilobyte EPROM, is the main program store and is accessed
when PSEN is low. IC12, a 6264 8 kilobyte RAM, is the dynamic data store
and is accessed when A15, RD and WR are all low.
Communications
Serial communications between the gas control pwb and the communications
portion of the 386ex-control pwb is buffered by IC3, an RS-422 bi-directional
bus transceiver. The direction of data through this device is controlled by the
state of output port P1-6 of IC7. When pin 7 of IC7 is low the microprocessor is
in transmit mode.
The conversion from RS-422 serial format data to parallel bus format data is
performed internally in the 80C32 microprocessor through its RXD and TXD
ports, pins 10 and 11.
Reset
The gas control pwb can be reset by a system reset signal from the 386ex
control pwb which de-activates opto-isolator OP1 and produces a logic high at
pin 9 of the 80C32
MFC enable
When the MFC enable signal is low the MFC setpoint is zero. A logic high on
PL 9 pin 7 enables the MFC.
MFC feedback
The mass flow controller monitors the argon flow rate and provides a voltage at
pin 8 of PL 9.
5 VDC corresponds to a flow of 1.5 l/min. This voltage is connected to a
window comparator formed by IC 19A and IC 19B. Under normal operation,
both IC 19B pin 7 (HIGH FLOW) and IC 19A pin 1 (LOW FLOW) will output a
low.
In a fault condition where the provided voltage exceeds the setpoint voltage at
TP 18 by more than 0.6 VDC then IC 19B pin 7 will go high generating the
error of nebulizer high flow.
In a fault condition where the feedback voltage is less than the setpoint voltage
at TP 18 by more than 0.6 VDC then IC 19A pin 1 will go high generating the
error of nebulizer low flow.
Peristaltic
pump pwb
All of the electronics required to drive and control the speed of the stepper
motor peristaltic pump assembly are located on the Peristaltic pump control
pwb. The Peristaltic pump control PWB accepts the control signals from the
gasbox pwb and controls the stepper motor peristaltic pump assembly.
The Peristaltic pump control board consists of a single chip microprocessor
control unit (MCU) that interfaces the controlling signals from the instrument to
the motor drive system. The stepper motors are microstepped using a pulse
width modulation scheme. At slow pump rates the motor is microstepped with
64 microsteps per step. As the motor speed increases, the number of
microsteps is reduced. At a high pump rate, the drive is performing half-
stepping of the motor. The microstepping at lower pump rates results in
smoother running of the pump. The microcontroller also provides soft-start
(ramping) for the pump.
Power is provide to the board from the instrument unregulated power supply.
The voltage can vary from approximately 18V up to 40V, depending on the
load. Linear regulators reduce this voltage to more useable levels (12V and
5V) suitable for use on the PWB. LED’s and associated test points are
provided for convenient monitoring of the voltage rails.
The MCU is a single chip device containing 16k bytes of flash, 1k bytes of
RAM, and 512 bytes of EEPROM. It also contains three timer/counters, six
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) channels, an eight channel 10bit analogue to
digital converter (ADC), universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver
transmitter (USART), and watchdog circuitry.
The MCU executes a firmware program that controls the operation of the
circuit board. This firmware is installed when the circuit board is produced and
resides in the Flash memory. Programming is accomplished through the In
Service Programming (ISP) connector P6. This is performed when the PCBs
are manufactured.
The clock frequency for the device is determined by a ceramic resonator (Y1).
Its frequency should be 10MHz ± 30kHz.
U8 provides a voltage reference (2.5 V) to the internal ADC to enable accurate
voltage measurements to be made.
A reset switch is provided to reset the device and – with the jumpers – provides
access to the various diagnostic modes for the device.
The digital, analogue and serial links provide a means to control the pump rate,
depending on the instrument that is controlling the pump.
i) The Motor Speed is controlled by an external frequency input. Digital
pulses on P7 pin 4 can control the rate of the pump.
A rate of 333Hz gives a pump speed of 50rpm.
A rate of 67Hz gives a pump speed of 10rpm.
Other pulse rates result in proportionally adjusted pump speeds.
A Pump Enable signal (Pin 9) must be low for the pump to turn.
2
ii) A serial command on the Inter-IC buss (I C) can set the pump speed to
the desired level.
LEDs are provided for diagnostic purposes:
The jumpers share the IO pins with the LEDs. The jumpers are scanned in
turn and the line PB3 monitored to detect the presence of a jumper.
The motor windings are powered from the unregulated supply which is
monitored by the firmware. The firmware keeps the motor current roughly
constant by adjusting the PWM parameters as needed.
Diagnostics are provided by 3 LEDs (red, yellow, green) which are under
firmware control. The diagnostic error codes consist of 2 digit numbers which
are flashed as international Morse code sequences on the Red LED. See
“Error Codes” later in this section.
Mo
Major Mode Minor Mode Description
de
The first error detected will terminate the sequence and cause the firmware to
continuously flash the error code on the red LED.
If no fault was detected, then the firmware calculates the Winding inductance
and selects the appropriate drive parameters for the motor.
Morse Code
The Firmware Version, error codes and some other numeric indications are
given in international Morse code. This minimises the number of flashes that
need to be counted, allows for multi digit indications and is quite easy to learn.
Morse code digits always consist of 5 flashes per digit. There are short and
long flashes, the pause between flashes within a digit are the same as the
duration of a short flash. The pause between digits is longer.
Hint: It is only necessary to either count the short or the long flashes and to
remember if the short flashes were before or after the long ones.
Example: Error Code “17” would be indicated in Morse code like this:
•
•
1 7
Instrument grade gases are the only gases that should be used with the Varian
700-ES series spectrometers.
Note Always check that all tubing connections from the torch assembly to the
sample compartment wall are correctly seated. Any air leaks in the argon gas
lines may prevent plasma ignition or may produce imprecise analytical results.
10.11 Specifications
General
Recommended input pressure 650 kPa
Maximum input pressure 700 kPa
Low pressure interlock 345 ±5 kPa
Input manifold pressure 220 ±5 kPa
Maximum argon flow 66.8 l/min
Plasma gas
Plasma flow range 0 to 22.5 l/min
Plasma flow (±15%) SV1 1.5 l/min
SV2 3 l/min
SV3 6 l/min
SV4 12 l/min
Auxiliary gas
Auxiliary flow range 0 to 2.25 l/min
Ignition 26 l/min boost
Auxiliary flow (±15%) SV5 0.75 l/min
SV6 1.5 l/min
Auxiliary boost flow SV11 26 l/min
Nebulizer gas
Regulator pressure range 0 to 400 kPa
Mass flow controller range 0 to 1.3 l/min
Accuracy ±15%
Purge
Polychromator purge range 0.75 or 3.75 l/min
Unswitched polychromator purge (±15%) 0.75 l/min
Polychromator boost purge (±15%) SV8 3 l/min
Snout or cone purge (±15%) SV7 3 l/min
Note The Polychromator purge flow rates listed above are for argon gas.
These flow rates will be different if nitrogen gas is used when the nitrogen
purge option is fitted to the instrument.
Peristaltic pump
Number of rollers 12
Effective rotor diameter 69 mm
Maximum speed 50 rpm
Drive type stepper motor
Igniter assembly
Voltage 15 kV (approximately)
Spark frequency 3/sec
Spark duration 80 µsec
Spark energy 50 mJ
Caution The gas control unit supplies an uninterrupted gas purge to the
camera (Varian 720/730-ES series only) and polychromator
assemblies. These purge flows are required to prevent moisture
from accumulating on the surface of the camera assembly. It is
strongly recommended that gas supplies are left on at all times
except during long periods of non-use or during service activities.
Always turn-off the camera peltier before turning off the
instrument gas supply or when performing service on the
instrument gas control assembly
Always ensure PC instrument software indicates the peltier is off
before turning off the instrument gas supply
Remove the inlet fitting/filter assembly from the inlet supply manifold and clean
off any remaining Loctite left behind
Replace the fitting/filter using Loctite 270
Caution The gas control unit supplies an uninterrupted gas purge to the camera
(Varian 720/730-ES series only) and polychromator assemblies. These
purge flows are required to prevent moisture from accumulating on the
surface of the camera assembly. It is strongly recommended that gas
supplies are left on at all times except during long periods of non-use or
during service activities.
Always turn-off the camera peltier before turning off the instrument gas
supply or when performing service on the instrument gas control assembly
Always ensure PC instrument software indicates the peltier is off prior to
turning off the instrument gas supply
The external molecular sieve argon filter has a nominal service life of 1200-
1500 hours. It should be replaced as indicated by the use of the instrument
Note The charcoal filter is directional and should be mounted with the arrow on the
label pointing up.
Turn off the argon (or nitrogen) supply to the instrument
Remove the filter assembly at the connections
Fit the replacement filter
Enter the service and extended diagnostics passwords
Reset the timer for the poly purge filter on the Instrument/Details page
Under the maintenance dates fields modify as required
Caution For the Varian 720/730-ES series instruments the gas control unit
supplies an uninterrupted gas purge to the camera and
polychromator assemblies. These purge flows are required to
prevent moisture from accumulating on the surface of the camera
assembly. It is strongly recommended that gas supplies are left on
at all times except during long periods of non-use or during service
activities.
Always turn-off the camera peltier before turning off the
instrument gas supply or when performing service on the
instrument gas control assembly
Always ensure the instrument operating software indicates the
peltier is off prior to turning off the instrument gas supply
Igniter assembly
Turn off the instrument and disconnect the mains power cable
Remove the instrument top right hand covers
Open the torch compartment door and disconnect the plasma gas supply to
the torch.
Open the quick release clips and remove the tubing from the igniter assembly
Disconnect 20 PL 6 from gasbox interconnect pwb
Unscrew the six screws that retain the igniter assembly
Replace the assembly in reverse order
Manifold regulator
Connect the 0–250 kPa gauge to the outlet of the 0–40 l/min rotameter of the
gas calibration kit.
Connect the 0–40 l/min rotameter to the auxiliary gas outlet in the upper right
corner of the sample compartment.
Apply an auxiliary boost gas flow from the gasbox diagnostic page.
Adjust the manifold regulator to 220 ± 5 kPa.
Turn-off the auxiliary boost gas flow and remove the pressure gauge.
Turn-on the auxiliary boost gas flow and check the flow is correct.
The Auxiliary boost gas flow should be 26 l/min ± 15% (22 to 30 l/min).
Remove the snout / cone purge line from the Swagelok fitting mounted on the
viewing aperture
Connect the 0-4 l/min rotameter to the cone / snout purge line
Check that the cone / snout purge flows are within the tolerance of this section.
Return the instrument to operating conditions.
Note Any combination of gas flows should be within ±15% of the desired flow.
Caution The gas control unit supplies an uninterrupted gas purge to the
camera (Varian 720/730-ES series only) and polychromator
assemblies. These purge flows are required to prevent moisture
from accumulating on the surface of the camera assembly. It is
strongly recommended that gas supplies are left on at all times
except during long periods of non-use or during service activities.
Always turn-off the camera peltier before turning off the
instrument gas supply or when performing service on the
instrument gas control assembly
Always ensure the instrument software indicates the peltier is off
before turning off the instrument gas supply
Note In cases where the polychromator purge is configured for nitrogen gas, a
compatibility factor of 1.44 must be used to determine the actual gas flow rate.
To calculate the correct flow of nitrogen gas through the ICP calibration
rotameters, measure the nitrogen flow rate as normal and multiply the flow rate
as measured by 1.44.
Caution The gas control unit in the Varian 720/730-ES series instruments
supply an uninterrupted gas purge to the camera and
polychromator assemblies. These purge flows are required to
prevent moisture from accumulating on the surface of the
instrument camera assembly. It is strongly recommended that gas
supplies are left on at all times except during long periods of non-
use or during service activities.
Always turn-off the camera peltier before turning off the
instrument gas supply or when performing service on the
instrument gas control assembly
Always ensure the operating software indicates that the peltier is
off prior to turning off the instrument gas supply
• System description
• Theory of operation
• Important Information
• Specifications
• Removal and replacement procedures
• Measurement and calibration procedures
System description
The Varian ICP-OES spectrometer RF system is capable of delivering a
maximum of 2.0 kW of power from a 40 MHz free-running oscillator.
The plasma generating system consists of two major functional areas.
• RF power oscillator
• Microprocessor control system
RF power oscillator
The triode driven oscillator is supplied with a high current low voltage AC
filament supply and a high voltage DC anode supply.
Note The filament heater supply for the RF oscillator is generated externally
to the plasma generating system. Information relating to the operation of
this supply can be found in section 14 of this manual.
Varian ICP-OES spectrometer
Theory of operation
The radial and axial plasma generation systems are free-running
oscillators that operate at a frequency of about 40 MHz delivering up to
1.8 kW of radio frequency energy into a plasma.
This section includes information on both radial and axial designs. All
variations in operation or construction are highlighted.
Power oscillator
The power oscillator uses a 3CX1500D3 triode in a tuned
anode/untuned grid class C oscillator. The anode tuned circuit consists
of tank coil L1 in series with the parallel combination of the matching
inductor L3 and the work coil. The anode circuit is resonated at
approximately 40 MHz by the internal capacitances of the triode and the
stray capacitances of the anode enclosure.
The anode circuit is inductively coupled to the grid inductor L2 to provide
positive feedback which initiates and sustains oscillation.
The high voltage direct current is applied to the anode of the triode. As
the triode begins to conduct, the tank circuit formed by L1 and the
capacitance of the triode begins to oscillate. The current through L1
generates a magnetic field which is coupled to grid coil L2. The voltage
across L2 is then applied to the grid circuit in the appropriate phase to
sustain oscillation.
As the anode voltage swings to its minimum level around 350 volts, the
grid of the triode is driven positive and causes grid current to flow. Grid
current establishes a large negative bias voltage across the grid return
resistors R1 and R4. The grid voltage waveform shifts negative and
causes anode current to flow for only one-third of the oscillation cycle
(class C operation) - see figure 3
RF Current transformer
The RF current in the induction coil is monitored by a 40:1 current
transformer located between the return lead of the induction coil and
ground. The secondary winding of the transformer is made from a ferrite
toroid with a 40 turn winding. The secondary winding is installed on an
insulated pillar of the water-cooled housing which forms a single primary
winding. The secondary winding is terminated in a 4.125 Ω load
comprising R1-R8 in a series-parallel configuration.
The RF voltage across the load resistor formed by the current sensor
transformer’s secondary winding and R1 - R8 is doubled in amplitude by
transformer T1 on the current sensor pwb. T1 also isolates the signal
return to the RF interface pwb from the chassis ground on the RF
oscillator. Diode D1 with R10 and C2 generate a DC voltage
proportional to the RF current of the work coil. Diode D2 is connected in
series with the power level stepping voltage from the RF interface pwb
to provide temperature compensation of the forward voltage drop of
diode D1.
Note Diodes D1 and D2 are a matched pair of Schottky diodes and must
always be replaced as a pair.
L1, L2, C3 and C4 are filter components that remove RF energy from
the compensating diode output lines.
RF interface pwb
The RF interface pwb controls and monitors the plasma generating
system. These functions include:
• RF power level control (ALC)
• Cooling fan monitoring
• Cooling water flow
• Plasma ON
• Safety interlocks
• High voltage supply status
• Filament supply status
• Power oscillator grid current
• Microprocessor circuits
The RF interface pwb is controlled by IC5, an 80C32 microprocessor
operating at a clock frequency of 12 MHz. The 80C32 has four 8 bit
parallel I/O ports:
Port 0 (pins 32-39) Low address/data byte
Port 1 (pins 1-8) Status monitoring ALC high/low gain, RF watchdog
output, serial communications data direction control.
Port 2 (pins 21-28) High address byte.
Port 3 (pins 10-17) Serial communications, RF watchdog interrupt,
HVDC power fail interrupt, read/write lines.
Memory
Multiplexed data/address information is separated by IC6 (74HCT573)
which latches the low address byte on the falling edge of ‘ALE’.
The active low program store enable (PSEN) output of the
microprocessor selects the EPROM IC 7.
IC7, a 27C256 32 kB electronic programmable read only memory chip is
the main program store and is accessed when PSEN is low. IC8, an 8
kB 6264 static random access memory chip, is the dynamic data store
and is accessed when signals RD or WR are low and A15 is high.
IC9, an UPD71055 input/output controller device, is selected when A15,
RD and WR are all low.
Communications
Communications between the RF interface pwb and the 386EX Control
pwb is handled by IC3, a dedicated RS-422 bidirectional bus
transceiver. TX and RX data flow through this device is controlled by the
state of output port P1-6 of IC1, pin 7. When pin 7 is low, the
microprocessor is in transmit mode. The conversion from RS-422 serial
format data to parallel bus format data is performed internally in the
80C32 microprocessor through its dedicated RX and TX ports, pins 10
and 11.
Reset
The RF interface pwb can be reset by a system reset signal from the
386EX Control pwb. The falling edge at pin1 de-activates opto-isolator
IC1 and produces a high at pin 9 of the 80C32. Resetting the 80C32
also resets the UPD71055.
Plasma/HV interlock
PA1 monitors the state of the high voltage compartment access cover
interlock, plasma compartment door interlock and the PLASMA OFF
emergency push button on the front panel. All conditions OK produces a
high at pin 3 of IC9. An open interlock switch or operation of the
PLASMA OFF button will inhibit plasma ignition.
Filament sense
The filament control circuit located on the instrument power pwb
produces the signal FIL SENSE which indicates that the filament power
supply is operating and applied to the RF power triode. This status
signal is used by the RF interface pwb at port PA-4, IC9 to guarantee
that the filament supply is operating before the high voltage anode
supply is applied to the triode. If the filament supply fails during plasma
ignition, the error message ‘No Filament Voltage’ or ‘Filament Voltage
Failure’ is displayed on the PC.
Plasma ON monitoring
An optical fibre in the torch compartment is positioned to look at the
plasma. When the plasma is on, the light sample from the fibre turns on
photo-transistor TR1 resulting in a higher voltage at pin 5 of comparator
IC14B than the 1 Vdc produced at pin 4 by the voltage drop across
resistors R18, R19 and R20. The higher voltage at pin 5 drives the
output at pin 2 of IC14B high.
If the plasma goes out, TR1 turns off, setting pin 5 lower than pin 4
which drives IC14B output low. This alerts the 80C32 of the condition
through port PA6 of IC9 and causes the error message ‘Plasma has
gone out’ to be displayed on the PC. If this fault condition is detected
while the plasma is on, the RF generator and the gas control unit are
shut down.
RF control watchdog
IC13B monitors the ability of the 80C32 on the RF interface pwb to
control the plasma generating system. If the 80C32 loses control of the
system, this circuit disables the high voltage supply and shuts down RF
power.
The retriggerable monostable IC13B has a time constant of 220 ms
(R11 and C7). A positive edge on the A input, (pin 1) toggles the Q
output from low to high for 220 ms.
When an HV ON command is sent from output port P1-5 of the 80C32
output port P1-7 generates a pulse train with a period of 65 ms. The
generation of the pulse train by the 80C32 is an indication that it is
operating correctly and has control of the circuit. The period of the pulse
train provides the A input to the IC13B monostable circuit with a positive
edge every 65 ms, causing the Q output to maintain a high state.
If the 80C32 software fails, the pulse train will not be generated. This will
allow the Q output of IC13B to toggle low and reset the 80C32 through
interrupt 0 (port P3.4).
Ignition
The Varian ICP-OES spectrometers use the PC software to control the
instrument hardware at the ignition of the plasma. The ignition software
routine is designed in four stages.
• Purge
• Delay
• Light
• Run
Purge
The Purge stage is used to remove unwanted air and moisture from the
gas supply lines and the sample introduction system. It also provides a
clean supply of argon through the torch. The default settings for the
purge stage are:
Plasma Auxiliary Boost Neb Power Time Pump
22.5 2.25 Off 0.9 0.00 15 0
lt/min lt/min lt/min kW sec rpm
Delay
The geometry of the torch provides gas flows that enhance the
generation of a plasma and allow for the introduction of samples into the
plasma once it has formed.
The flow of the sample and carrier gas at ignition through the center of
the torch changes the geometry of the argon gases that pass through
the work coil. The aerosol from the injector tube forces the auxiliary and
plasma gases from the center of the torch to the outer walls. The
resulting cylindrical shaped gas flow is difficult to use for plasma ignition.
By turning off the nebulizer both the auxiliary and plasma flows converge
in the center of the torch as it passes through the work coil. The Delay
stage allows the nebulizer to shut off. The default values for the delay
stage are as follows:
Plasma Auxiliary Boost Neb Power Time Pump
22.5 2.25 Off 0.0 0.00 10 0
lt/min lt/min lt/min kW sec rpm
Ignite
The Ignite stage is where the RF is enabled and the argon in the torch is
seeded with electrons from the igniter spark. Plasma and auxiliary flows
are reduced to a minimum and a 26 l/min auxiliary boost gas flow is
enabled. The auxiliary boost provides a source of argon through the
center of the work coil.
This stage also includes an 11 to 13 second warm-up of the High
Voltage DC power supply.
The High Voltage DC power supply has an internal hardware delay line
that disables the control voltage supplied to it from the RF interface pwb.
The voltage from the ALC circuitry provides level control for the output of
the power supply.
The boost gas flowing through the torch provides adequate positive
pressure to force the forming plasma away from the intermediate and
injector tubing of the torch.
The auxiliary boost solenoid is turned on prior to turning on the High
Voltage DC power supply. This allows the auxiliary boost to provide
positive pressure during the 11 to 13 seconds the High Voltage DC
power supply needs to warm-up.
The events of the ignite stage are
• Set auxiliary flow for the light stage
• Set plasma flow for the light stage
• Turn on the auxiliary boost solenoid
• Wait 11 to 13 seconds for the High Voltage DC power supply to
warm-up
• Start igniter and set RF power to 2 kW
• When plasma is detected as lit then begin the run stage
• The default settings for the ignite stage are:
The ignite stage will continue until it times out or the fiber optics driven
plasma sensor on the RF interface pwb detects a plasma.
Run
The run stage is used for the transition between plasma ignition and the
introduction of the sample and carrier gas from the sample introduction
system. The plasma must be stable before the nebulizer flow is turned
on.
Run stage is enabled by correct operation of the plasma sensor on the
RF interface pwb., which permits these actions -
• Set auxiliary flow for the run stage
• Set plasma flow for the run stage
• Turn off the auxiliary boost solenoid
• Delay for the run stage delay time
• Turn on the nebulizer solenoid
• Set the auxiliary flow to zero
• Delay for 2.5 seconds
• Set the auxiliary flow to the run stage value
The default settings for the run stage are:
Auxiliary to off
During the run stage the auxiliary gas supply is temporarily set to zero in
order to eliminate any capillary plasma that may form during ignition.
The lack of the auxiliary argon flow starves any capillary plasma
(streamers) that may form.
The PC software sets the auxiliary flow to zero for 2.5 seconds.
Important information
It is essential that the methods described in this section are used when
you service this assembly. All of the following points should be read and
understood. Failure to do so may expose you or others to danger or
cause permanent damage to surrounding facilities or the instrument.
Specifications
Power tube CPI EIMAC 3CX1500D3
Output 1800 W maximum
Frequency 40 MHz (+/- 200 kHz)
Anode voltage 6 kV max (operating)
7kV max (during ignition)
Anode current 460 mA max.
Grid current 50 mA (typical) at max power
Power stability Better than ± 0.04% per oC
Output matching Series tuned network
Induction coil 3 turns 1/8" OD gold plated over silver
platied copper tubing
Turn off the instrument and disconnect the mains cable from the
instrument.
See section 1.5 Access to major assemblies which provides information
for the removal of outer covers and identification of the RF power
oscillator assembly.
Remove all Pozidriv screws which hold the outer top panel to the
amplifier assembly. Remove the top panel.
Remove all Pozidriv head screws securing the inner top cover of the
assembly and lift the cover clear.
Use the high-voltage discharging wand to discharge all the exposed
components in the oscillator before working on the assembly.
Remove the M4 screws holding the access cover in place on the filter
assembly.
Unsolder the bottom two connections (coated copper wire and white
insulated wire) that pass from the filter compartment into the grid
compartment.
Remove the two M4 screws located in front of the filter compartment that
pass through the outer box and into the top cover of the grid
compartment.
Loosen the worm clamp around the anode of the RF triode and carefully
remove the triode.
Remove the worm clamp from the bracket at the top of the tank coil L1.
Remove the PTFE cooling-air transfer sleeve from the top of the triode
socket.
Remove the M6 nut and washer from the top of the PTFE stand off and
triode anode/L2 bracket.
Remove the three M4 screws from capacitors C6, C7, C8 and L1.
Remove L1 from the assembly.
Remove the two M4 screws from the top of the grid compartment panel
and remove the grid compartment.
Remove the alodined exhaust transfer duct and rubber moulding from
the instrument by lowering the duct through the instrument top tray.
Remove the twenty two M4 screws from the front cover of the filter
compartment.
Use the high-voltage discharging wand to discharge all the exposed
components in the filter compartment before working on the assembly.
Remove the igniter assembly from the end panel of the RF oscillator.
Remove the four special mounting screws which hold the amplifier
assembly to the instrument chassis. These are accessed on the
underside of the top tray in the HVDC compartment.
Note If you remove and replace the oscillator assembly you may need to
realign the pre-optics. See section 12.4.9 for details on how to check the
alignment of the pre-optics.
Note Ensure the four securing screws are fully tightened when the RF box is
re-installed into the instrument. These screws ensure correct grounding.
Remove the M4 screws holding the access cover in place on the filter
assembly.
Unsolder the bottom two connections (coated copper wire and white
insulated wire) that pass from the filter compartment into the grid
compartment.
Remove the two M4 screws located in front of the filter compartment that
pass through the outer box and into the top cover of the grid
compartment.
Loosen the worm clamp around the anode of the RF triode and carefully
remove the triode.
Remove the worm clamp from the bracket at the top of the tank coil L1.
Remove the PTFE cooling air transfer sleeve from the top of triode
socket.
Remove the M6 nut and washer from the top of the PTFE stand off and
triode anode/L2 bracket.
Remove the three M4 screws from capacitors C6, C7, C8 and L1.
Remove L1 from the assembly.
Remove the two M4 screws from the top of the grid compartment panel
and remove the grid compartment.
Unsolder connections to the socket.
Remove the four socket retaining screws and spacers.
Caution Misalignment between the torch clamp and the induction coil
will place the torch off-center. This may melt the torch.
Turn on the water cooler and check for water leaks around the induction
coil connections.
Check the vertical and horizontal torch alignments as they may have
been affected. See section 12.4.5.
Filament voltage
The filament voltage can be measured across the secondary terminals
of filament transformer TR2. It should be approximately 6.35 VAC RMS.
Voltage drop across the wiring to the power tube results in the nominal
6.25 VAC RMS at the triode socket which is required for normal
operation.
Note You must use a true-RMS voltmeter for this measurement as the
filament power supply is phase-controlled.
Filament current
Note You must use a true-RMS ammeter rated for a minimum of 25 A RMS
for this measurement.
You can measure the filament current in two ways:
A clamp meter around one of the wires from the filament transformer to
the RF amplifier assembly
Break the circuit and place a current meter in series with the supply.
Remove a spade connector from a secondary terminal. Connect the
meter between the open transformer terminal and the spade connector.
Use 12 AWG (or equivalent) wire for meter interconnection if necessary.
The internal resistance of the meter will reduce the current slightly. To
avoid excessive voltage drop, keep the leads of the meter short and all
connections tight. The current measured by either method should be
about 22 amps.
Plasma ON conditions
Pre-optics assembly
The pre-optics assembly is computer controlled and used to gather light
from the plasma. The radiated emissions from the plasma pass through
a snout (radial) or cone (axial) assembly and are collected by the pre-
optics and passed into the polychromator.
The pre-optics consists of
• Entrance window
• Pre-optics casting
• Stepper motor positioned flat mirror
• Toric mirror
• Attenuator assembly (Varian 710-ES series instruments only)
Entrance window
The entrance of the pre-optics is a removable brass mounting that is
screwed into the casting. The brass mounting contains a silicon molding
that provides a seal for the entrance window. The entrance window is
made from a material that has good transmission properties in the
vacuum ultra-violet region.
Pre-optics casting
The pre-optics casting houses a toric mirror and a scanning flat mirror.
Mounted on the outside of the casting are the horizontal drive, vertical
drive and two home sensors.
The polychromator purge gas enters through a swagelok fitting mounted
on the top of the polychromator casting and purges the polychromator
and pre-optics assemblies. The purge gas exhaust is through the center
mounting screw hole of toric mirror M2. The pressure relief through the
pre-optics casting ensures full coverage by the purge of the entire
optical path.
Left
DLA 88
784.238 nm
Red
UV
166.798 nm
DLA 19
Right
Pilot mirror
The pilot mirror assembly consists of a flat pilot mirror mounted on a
bracket designed specifically for the polychromator. The pilot mirror (M3)
is used to transfer the converging light from the pre-optics assembly to
the entrance slit.
Collimating mirror
Collimating mirror (M4) is an off axis parabolic mirror. The geometry of
the mirror is used to reduce spherical aberrations. The mirror is made
from aluminum, and coated with MgF2 to enhance transmission of ultra
violet energy. The reflective surface is masked down to reduce stray
light and to set the entrance aperture.
There are no field alignment adjustments for this collimator mirror.
Prism
The cross-dispersing prism and echelle grating are mounted on a single
assembly. The assembly consists of a casting on which the grating and
prism are mounted in fixed positions. The prism is mounted in a bracket
that is screwed on to the grating casting. A baffle that reduces stray light
surrounds the prism, prism mount and face of the grating.
The Light from mirror M4 passes through the prism and on to the
grating. The refracted light of the prism is then diffracted by the grating
and passed through the prism again.
The prism refracts light in the horizontal axis across the focal plane.
For the Varian 710-ES Series instruments, the prism is made of UV
grade fused silica with an apex angle 6° 30’.
For the Varian 720/730-ES Series instruments, the prism is made of
CaF2 with an apex angle 9° 48’.
Grating
The grating is an aluminum echelle ruled grating that is replicated on a
fused silica plate. It has a groove density of 94.74 grooves / mm at a
blaze angle of 44.77°.
The grating is mounted on an anodized plate that is fixed to the grating
and prism casting. The casting with the grating and prism is then
mounted to the top of polychromator casting.
Figure 8 Echelle grating and prism mounted on grating and prism casting
The angle that the grating is positioned on the grating and prism casting
is factory set and is not adjustable in the field. When the grating and
prism assembly is installed in the polychromator, the grating is
positioned at the same angle as the grating blaze.
The ruling of the grating is horizontal in respect to the polychromator
focal plane. The grating then diffracts the refracted light from the prism
across the vertical axis of the focal plane.
Camera mirror
Camera mirror (M5) is an off axis parabolic mirror. The geometry of the
mirror is used to reduce spherical aberrations. The mirror is made from
aluminum, and coated with MgF2 to enhance transmission of ultra violet
energy.
The camera mirror focuses dispersed light onto the detector assembly.
This mirror is adjustable to allow the image to be focused and centred
on the detector.
Pixels
Each pixel consists of a semitransparent gate electrode overlying an
insulating epitaxy layer and substrate layer. The gate electrode forms
one plate of the capacitor and the epitaxy and substrate layers form the
second plate of the capacitor.
Mask
The mask is used to prevent photons from passing through the chip
layers and releasing more electrons in the transfer regions. This is done
to allow the charge accumulated in the pixel area substrate to be
transferred through the substrate of the transfer regions without further
photo-generated charges accumulating.
Shift registers
The stored electron charges in the pixel areas are transferred by shift
and transfer gates generated on the camera pwb.
The charges placed into the output transfer register are shifted
sequentially through a readout amplifier. The end of the output register
is connected to a readout amplifier. The readout amplifier consists of a
floating capacitor and source follower.
CCD layout
The CCD is 20 mm wide by 15 mm high. It is masked to present pixel
arrays in positions along the focal plane of the cross-dispersed spectrum
of the Varian 700-ES Series echelle polychromator. The resulting arrays
are diagonal lines, skewed across the width of the detector at varying
spaces.
DLA 35 - 88
The diagonal linear arrays (DLAs) of pixels are numbered from 19 to 88
inclusively. DLAs 35 through 88 consist of 12.5 µm wide pixels, 12.5 µm
wide storage registers and 25 µm wide shift registers.
In order to transfer 12.5 µm wide storage registers into 25 µm wide shift
registers, the odd numbered storage registers are transferred into the
shift registers through the DLA and off the detector to the camera pwb.
Then the charge from the even number pixels are transferred and
shifted off the chip.
DLA 19 - 34
DLAs 19 through 34 consist of pixels and shift registers that are 25 µm
wide. The diffraction pattern from the image in orders 19 through 34
result in the spacing of adjacent arrays being very close together. The
locations of adjacent arrays result in one C register to two A registers.
Charge transfer is done directly from the pixels of the odd numbered
DLA to C register, then the charges from the even number DLAs to the
C register are shifted out to be measured.
Pixels
Each pixel consists of a semitransparent gate electrode overlying an
insulating epitaxy layer and substrate layer. The gate electrode forms
one plate of the capacitor and the epitaxy and substrate layers form the
second plate of the capacitor.
12.5 Specifications
Polychromator
Type Echelle with cross dispersing prism
Focal length 400 millimetre
Collimating mirror 75 mm diameter off-axis parabolic
(masked to suit f6.7 aperture)
Focusing mirror 87 mm diameter off axis parabolic
Dispersing element 94.74 line/mm Echelle diffraction grating
Grating orders 19 through 88 inclusive (720/730 series)
Wavelength range Varian 710-ES Series instruments
177 nm through 784 nm
Varian 720/730-ES Series instruments
166.798 nm through 784.307 nm
Cross-dispersing element Varian 710-ES Series instruments
UV grade fused silica prism
Varian 720/730-ES Series instruments
CaF2 prism
Entrance slit (fixed) 51 µm wide x 29 µm high 15° off axis
parallelogram
Stray light 10,000 ppm Ca solution gives equivalent
concentration of
< 2 ppm of As @ 193.696 nm
(720/730 series)
< 2 ppm of As @ 188.980 nm
(710 series)
Pre-optics
Horizontal scan +3.0 mm to -3.0 mm in 0.1 mm
increments
Vertical scan 0 to 25 mm (Radial)
in 1 mm increments
-4.0 mm to +4.0 mm (Axial)
in 0.1 mm increments
Pre-optics assembly
Removal of the pre-optics assembly requires the removal of
the instrument outer covers.
1. Turn off the instrument at the low power mains switch
2. Disconnect the vertical stepper motor drive at 7SK1
3. Disconnect the vertical home opto at 7SK2
4. Disconnect the horizontal stepper motor drive at 7SK3
5. Disconnect the horizontal opto at 7SK4
6. Remove the black rubber molding that provides a purge seal
between the pre-optics casting and the RF oscillator.
7. Remove the M5 screw and bracket mounted on the pre-optics
mounting tube.
8. Pull back the insulating collar that covers the screws mounting
the pre-optics to the polychromator.
9. Remove the four M5 hex head screws and spring washers from
the mounting bracket
10. Carefully remove the pre-optics casting away from the mounting
on the polychromator casting being sure to gain clearance from
the locating pins in the collar.
11. Return the instrument to normal operating conditions by
replacing all parts in reverse order.
12. Check the pre-optics alignment as detailed in section 12.7.
Polychromator assembly
Removal of the Polychromator assembly requires the removal of
the instrument outer covers
Instrument gas filter assembly
Pre-optics assembly
Polychromator access
Access to the polychromator is through the insulated polychromator
outer box. The appropriate instrument covers must be removed to allow
access to the outer box assembly.
Pilot Mirror
Collimator
Slit plug
Focus
Camera
Top cover
Removal of the polychromator outer box top cover provides access to:
• Shutter assembly
• Entrance slit plug
• Grating and prism casting assy
• Back lighting fixture access cover
• Polychromator and camera purge gas lines
• Camera rotation adjustment screws access plugs
• Full illumination LED
1. Remove the screws that secure the top cover assembly.
2. Remove the cover.
Camera cover
Removal of the polychromator outer box camera cover provides access
to
• Polychromator casting, camera access cover.
• Camera purge gas line (720/730 series only)
• Camera pwb to Camera connection
• Access to camera rotation hex screws
• Access to camera mounting nuts
• Access to the camera water cooling fittings
1. Remove the screws through outer box top cover that hold the
pilot mirror access cover
2. Remove insulation covering pilot outer box mirror and camera
access covers
3. Remove screws holding outer box camera access cover
Collimator cover
Removal of the polychromator outer box collimator cover provides
access to the collimator mirror M4.
1. Remove the screws through the outer box top cover that hold
the collimator access cover
2. Remove insulation covering collimator outer box and focus
access covers
3. Remove screws holding outer box collimator access cover
1. Remove the screws through the outer box top cover that hold
the focus access cover
2. Remove insulation covering collimator outer box and focus
access covers
3. Remove screws holding outer box focus access cover
Pilot mirror
Access to the pilot mirror and entrance slit, require the removal of the
associated outer box cover. The appropriate instrument covers must be
removed to allow access to the outer box assembly.
1. Place the camera pwb in the service position
2. Remove the outer box pilot mirror cover
3. Remove the pilot mirror casting access cover
4. Remove the three screws retaining the pilot mirror alignment
bracket
5. Using a small allen key remove the pilot mirror from the spring
clips and mounting blocks
6. Install a new pilot mirror under the spring clips
7. Return the instrument to normal operating conditions by
replacing all covers in reverse order
Entrance slit
Access to the entrance slit requires the removal of the pilot mirror outer
box cover, top cover and slit access plug. The appropriate instrument
covers must be removed to allow access to the polychromator outer box
assembly.
The entrance slit must be replaced with the alignment slit when
performing a pre-optics alignment. Care should be taken to ensure the
instrument slit assembly is returned before replacing polychromator
covers.
Caution Do not unplug the camera pwb while power is applied. Failure
to do this will result in damage to the camera pwb.
Camera assembly
Access to the camera assembly requires the removal of the camera
outer box cover. The appropriate instrument covers must be removed to
allow access to the outer box assembly.
Camera plate 1
Rotation
10. Remove the two 8 mm stainless steel water fittings and the
water cooling hoses
11. Disconnect the camera purge gas line from the gas manifold
12. Cut the wire ties holding the camera purge line on to the
polychromator purge line
13. Pull the camera purge gas line through the polychromator
assembly using care not to damage the Teflon hose (720/730
series only).
14. Remove the power input to the peltier from the spade
connectors.
15. Remove the screws retaining the camera casting access plate
16. Using a 7 mm nut driver, remove the three nyloc nuts that hold
the camera assembly in the casting.
17. Remove the camera assembly from the casting
18. Return the instrument to normal operating conditions by
replacing all parts in reverse order
Warning
The Laser back lighting fixture uses a laser operating in the
visible region at 635 nm. The laser is a Class 2 laser product,
powerful enough to warrant caution in its use. Do not stare
into the beam.
Access to the entrance slit and pilot mirror requires the removal of the
pilot mirror outer box cover, top cover and slit access plug.
Refer to section 12.6 for removal instructions.
The appropriate instrument covers must be removed to allow access to
the polychromator outer box assembly.
Note If the image is not centered on the target, the pre-optics casting may
be improperly seated. Check the pre-optics casting is installed
properly and mounted in place. If the image is still misaligned and
the pre-optics are correctly installed, repeat the pilot mirror
alignment.
Pre-optics alignment
The pilot mirror must be properly aligned before beginning a pre-optics
alignment.
The entrance slit must be replaced with the alignment slit when
performing pilot mirror and pre-optics alignments. Care should be taken
to ensure the instrument slit assembly is returned before replacing
polychromator covers.
Access to the entrance slit and pilot mirror requires the removal of the
pilot mirror outer box cover, top cover and slit access plug. Refer to
section 12.6 for removal instructions. The appropriate instrument covers
must be removed to allow access to the polychromator outer box
assembly.
Location
Location adjustment aligns the polychromator focus plane with the
instrument camera assembly. Focus mirror DLA and wavelength
adjustment screws are set to position the dispersed orders and
wavelengths to correspond with the theoretical pixel positions on the
camera assembly.
Focus DLA
Wavelength
3 Majors 4 majors
Left side Right side
DLA 24
Pixels 190 and 205 DLA 35
DLA 25 Pixels 409 and 444
Pixel 177
10. Turn the DLA adjustment screw to position the major peaks on the
correct DLAs
11. Turn the wavelength adjustment screw to position three major
peaks on the left of the display and four major peaks on the right of
the display
12. Verify coarse location adjustments are correct by identifying the
argon doublet peaks at DLA 35 pixels 409 and 444
13. Under Echelle turn-off left side and right side
You can zoom on the Guide and Instrument Scan display windows to
show any errors between the theoretically-ideal argon constellation spot
positions shown in the Guide, compared with the actual positions shown
in the Instrument Scan
Focus
Focus adjustments position the focus mirror the correct distance from
the camera assembly. By moving the focus mirror in or out the focal
length is set to the distance where the best resolution for all elements is
achieved. DLA, focus and wavelength adjustment screws are used
together to move the mirror.
Note Polychromator and camera alignment will change as the polychromator
temperature stabilizes. Adjustment to the polychromator and camera
assemblies should only be done when the polychromator temperature is
35°C as reported by the Varian 700-ES Series instrument software.
Access to the focus mirror adjustment screws does not require removal
of any polychromator outer box covers. To access the focus mirror
adjustment screws remove the polychromator access cover at the rear
of the instrument.
Note Location adjustments should be complete before attempting focus
adjustments. The optimum nebulizer and pre-optics positions should be
determined and set on the diagnostics Quick page before using the Set
Focus page.
The focus alignment of the polychromator and camera assembly is
based on the Zn 213.856 nm emission line. The half height full width
resolution at this wavelength should routinely be less than 8.5 pm.
Note The intensity map will display the positions of argon 617.310nm,
617.018nm and 592.868nm peaks. While adjusting the focus mirror
always position Argon 617.310nm and 617.018nm on the horizontal axis
equal distances from the vertical axis. The intensity map provides a
software tool to maintain location alignment while adjusting focus.
8. Using the DLA screw maximize the Zn 213.856 nm peak for the
highest intensity
9. Record the half height full width of the Zn peak as indicated in the
width field at the top of the window
10. Adjust the focus adjustment screw clockwise ¼ of a turn
11. Adjust the wavelength adjustment screw clockwise ¼ of a turn
12. Adjust the DLA adjustment screw clockwise ¼ of a turn
13. Using the wavelength adjustment screw position Zn 213,856 at
theoretical wavelength position (DLA 69 pixel 421)
14. Using the DLA screw maximize the Zn 213.856 nm peak for the
highest intensity
15. Record the half height full width of the Zn peak as indicated in the
width field at the top of the window
16. Compare the half height full width current value with recorded value
If the current value is less than the recorded value then continue to turn
the adjustment screws clockwise.
If the current value is larger than the recorded value then turn the
adjustment screws anti-clockwise to improve Zn resolution.
As the resolution improves and approaches minimum, smaller
adjustments will be required to the adjustment screws. Adjust the mirror
through the minimum resolution and then return to the best-recorded
value.
Verify resolution for all specified element lines are satisfactory with the
Check focus page. All specified lines should have a resolution of 100%
or less as measured. The blue line in the center of the charts display
indicates 100% resolution.
Rotation
The rotation adjustment is used to position the camera assembly
diagonal linear arrays in the proper axis. The skewed arrays are
positioned at the correct angle by rotating the camera chip in the camera
assembly housing.
The rotation software page is based on two argon wavelengths that are
positioned at the left and right extremes of DLA 21. The selected
wavelengths are Ar 706.722 and Ar 696.543.
Access to the camera assembly locking screws, camera rotation access
plugs and camera assembly rotation adjustment screws requires the
removal of the camera assembly outer box cover and polychromator top
cover. Refer to section 12.6 for removal instructions. The appropriate
instrument covers must be removed to allow access to the
polychromator outer box assembly.
Note Polychromator and camera alignment will change as the polychromator
temperature stabilizes. Adjustment to the polychromator and camera
assemblies should only be done when the polychromator temperature is
35°C as reported by the Varian 700-ES Series instrument software.
11. Using the DLA focus mirror adjustment screw adjust the
Ar 706.722nm peak to a ratio of 1.00 (+/- 0.1)
12. Using two 2mm allen keys adjust the camera rotation screws until
both ratio figures are equal (+/- 0.1)
13. Re-position the Ar 706.722nm peak with the DLA and wavelength
focus mirror adjustment screws
14. Repeat steps 10 to 13 until both displayed ratios are equal and the
red horizontal bar in between the intensity maps is horizontal
15. Gently tighten the four hex head screws that retain the camera and
verify that no further rotation adjustments are required
16. Tighten the screws completely and verify alignment
17. Replace the rubber plugs in the camera access plate
18. Replace all polychromator outer box covers
19. Verify location and focus adjustments are correct.
Adjust as necessary
Proceed to the Varian 720730-ES Series instrument argon ratio
adjustment
12 Mhz 80C32
The 12 MHz 80C32 processor and support logic is used to provide an
IEEE 488 to RS 422 serial link for control of the RF interface and gas
control pwbs.
The communications link between the 80C32 on the 386EX control pwb
and the other 80C32 based control pwbs is a 375 kilobits / second,
bi-directional, half-duplex, communications link.
The 80C32 processor supports two types of on-board memory.
• 1 Mb (128kBytes) static random access memory of which only the
first 16k words are addressed.
• 512kb (64kBytes) of ultra violet erasable read only memory.
The UV-EPROM device is configured with an eight-bit data bus
path. This device can not be electronically erased.
Varian 700-ES Series instruments
80C32 Memory
Multiplexed data/address information is separated by IC27, which
latches the low address byte on the falling edge of ALE.
Main program storage is provided by:
• IC28, a 27C512 64 kB EPROM
which is accessed when PSEN is low
• IC29, 16 kB static RAM
which is accessed when RD, WR and A15 are low and A14 is high
Communications
Serial communications between this pwb and the slave pwbs is handled
by IC24, an RS-422 bi-directional bus transceiver. The direction of data
through this device (either transmit or receive), is controlled by the state
of output port T0 of IC26, pin 16. When pin 16 is low the microprocessor
is in transmit mode. The conversion from RS-422 serial format data to
parallel bus format data is performed internally in the 80C32
microprocessor through its RXD and TXD ports, pins 11 and 13.
IEEE communication is handled by IC31 a 7210 IEEE controller. This
device handles all IEEE protocol transactions. Two eight bit data
transceivers buffer data flow (IC32) and handshake lines (IC33).
Receive transactions are interrupt driven on presentation of external
data to the 7210. The 7210 chip select is the low state of A14. The 7210
uses a 6 MHz clock generated from a counter on CPLD IC19, pin 38.
Reset
The 80C32 processor and 7210 controller can be manually reset by
switch SW1 and IC5. Closing switch SW1 places a high at IC26 pin 10
and IC31 pin 4 holding the controller and processor in a reset state until
the switch is released. A high at IC6 pin 9 is inverted at pin 8 turning on
LED D10 for the duration of the reset.
IC5 also monitors +5 VDC and resets the processor and controller if the
supply drops below 4.75 VDC.
When the 80C32 is reset it generates a low system reset signal at output
port T1 pin 17. The system reset signal turns off transistor TR4 which
resets the 80C32 on the RF interface and gas control pwbs by turning
off an opto-isolator on each of them.
Power fail
The low power fail signal from the instrument power pwb interrupts the
80C32 microprocessor at INT1, pin 15. This alerts the processor that
there is insufficient power to maintain instrument operation.
386EX memory
Data and address information are transferred to and from the processor
on separate buses
Main program storage is provided by
• Temporary Data Storage - IC47 - IC 54, 8 x 4 Mbit SRAM which are
accessed through data buffer IC11 and address buffers IC14 and
IC15 when A20 - A22, CS6, BLE or BHE, RD or WR are low.
• Main Program - IC10, 1 x 4 Mbit flash memory which is accessed
when UCS, and OE or WE are low and RP is high.
• Non Volatile Parameter Storage - IC 37, 1 x 2048 bit serial EEPROM
which is accessed through input and output controller IC 36. The
EEPROM is written to on the rising edge of SCK with WP active high
and CS active low. A read is performed on the falling edge of SCK
and CS active low.
The 386EX processor uses a fly by mode of DMA transfer to write data
directly from CPLD IC8 to memory locations. Digitized camera data is
re-converted to parallel format then held in FIFO storage inside IC 8 until
it is transferred to the temporary data storage RAM of IC’s 47-54 by
means of a Fly By Mode (single cycle) DMA transfer.
A20 Bank 1
A21 Bank 2
A20, A21 Bank 3
A22 Bank 4
The 386EX processor has been designed with a two channel DMA and
bus arbiter unit. One of the DMA channels is implemented for use on the
386EX-control pwb.
A DMA function provides for a fly-by transfer of data from IC8 to the
SRAM address selected by the processor. This feature provides the
ability to write data from the CPLD directly to memory without having to
load the data into the processor first.
The DMA write cycle control signals are the same as a 386EX write
cycle. The processor provides chip selects, address information and a
WR control signal. A NEWDATA signal from IC8 pin 78 requests the
start of the DMA process. The processor DMA unit responds with an
active high DACK0 at IC7 pin 128. The high at IC7 pin 128 indicates the
start of the DMA write cycle. Data from IC8 at pins 92-114 is placed on
the data bus for transfer to memory.
Flash memory
The flash memory device is designed with seven memory blocks.
• 1 x 8 Kword boot block
• 2 x 4 Kword of parameter blocks
• 1 x 48 Kword of main block
• 3 x 64 Kword of main blocks
The boot block contains the 386EX processor kernel and is hardware
interlocked. The kernel contains the configuration data required to ‘boot’
up the 386EX control pwb.
Write and erase access of boot block flash memory locations is limited to
when the 386EX control pwb is powered up with a boot block
programmer module attached to connector SK12.
The boot block programmer module pulls SK12 pin C16 low. This
initiates a sequence at 386EX power up which allows the BOOT BLOCK
programmer module UV-EPROM to load the 386EX kernel into the boot
block flash memory. Once loaded, the programming module can be
removed and the 386EX system re-booted from the flash memory boot
block.
The instrument parameter blocks of the flash memory module are not
used.
The main blocks of the flash memory contain the firmware code required
for routine instrument power up, functional checks and all operational
386EX processor based instrument functions.
The main blocks of the flash memory can be updated as required by PC
software through the IEEE connection. This enables remote updating of
the 386EX control pwb firmware.
Serial EEPROM
IC37 the 386EX control pwb serial EEPROM is used as an instrument
statistics store. The EEPROM is used by the 386EX processor through
IC36 to store and monitor instrument statistics. The statistics can be
viewed through PC diagnostics software.
• Instrument serial number
• Instrument installation date
• 386EX control pwb installation date
• Last preventative maintenance date
• Filament operating hours
• Plasma on hours
• Polychromator shutter open hours
• Hours since last replacement of each gas filter
• Camera board serial number
• Camera board installation date
• Camera serial number
• Camera installation date.
These values are entered and tracked by the PC instrument software.
The values are then loaded into the EEPROM on the 386EX control
pwb.
Reset
The 386EX processor, 7210 GPIB controller and two I/O controllers can
be manually reset by switch SW1 and IC5. Closing switch SW1 places a
high at IC7 pin 110 holding the controllers and the processor in a reset
state until the switch is released. IC5 also monitors +5 VDC and resets
the processor and controller if the supply drops below 4.75 VDC.
The active high reset signal from IC5 pin 5 through IC6 pin 6 turns on
TR3 and sets flash memory IC10 pin 44 low. The low at IC10 pin 6
protects the flash against unwanted command writes due to invalid bus
conditions during reset or power down.
IC5 also contains a 1200 msec watchdog timer. IC7 pin 40 is the
address strobe signal set by 386EX firmware code. If IC5 pin 7 is not
toggled within the 1.2 second time interval, IC5 will reset the 386EX
control pwb. A reset under this condition indicates the processor has
stopped functioning.
A reset condition at IC5 pin 5 will result in re-booting the 386EX control
pwb.
PLL input
The PLL 1 kHz input at PL7 pin 32 is a squarewave input used to
synchronize camera integration times. The 386EX processor uses the
PLL input to determine when to begin each integration.
The instrument power pwb circuitry generates the 1 KHz signal in a
Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit. The 386EX board divides the 1 KHz
signal by either 17 or 20, (for either 60 or 50Hz mains frequency
respectively), and returns the 50/60Hz signal to the power board to
complete the feedback loop.
The signal is used to start each integration at the same mains phase
angle. The processor then begins each integration at the same count of
the 250 Hz input.
Casting temperature
The casting temperature is input to the 386EX-control pwb as a
differential analog voltage at PL7 pins 16 and18. The voltage at the
connector is input into DAC IC40, (pin 3 sig+, pin 4 sig-), and is
proportional to the temperature of the polychromator casting. The
temperature voltage from the instrument power pwb is between -0.7
VDC to 5.7 VDC.
IC40 is an eight bit serial A/D converter configured with two differential
and 4 single ended input channels. The A/D converter has multiplexed
data output. The DAC is used to convert the analog casting temperature
voltage from the instrument power pwb into an eight bit serial data
stream that is clocked into the 386EX processor through I/O controller
IC36 for use by the PC software..
The appropriate channel of the A/D converter is selected by a five bit
serial input at DI (pin 17). The 5 bit command is clocked into the on-chip
register by the rising edge of the CLK input and the low going edge of
CS. This initiates the conversion process and the serial output to pin 14,
(DO) of the 8 bit digital data.
Peltier temperature
The PLLFB signal is a 50 or 60Hz signal generated by IC8 on the
386EX-control pwb and output through IC30 pin 11 to the instrument
power pwb at PL7 pin 30. The PLLFB signal is used by the power PWB
as the feedback it requires to complete the PLL closed loop. The
50/60Hz signal is derived from the 1KHZ input (1KHZ INT) by a circuit
that divides by 17 if the input ‘50/60’, IC8 pin 15, indicates a 60Hz mains
input frequency (LOW), or by 20 if the input indicates 50HZ mains
frequency (HIGH).
Refer to section 14 of this manual for more details on the mains zero
crossing circuitry.
PLLFB
The PLLFB signal is generated by IC8 on the 386EX control pwb and
output through IC30 pins 11, 12 and 13 to the instrument power pwb at
PL7 pin 30. The PLLFB signal is used to synchronize the instrument
zero mains crossing with the 1 kHz INT counters on the 386EX control
pwb. The two signals are synchronized differentially by a voltage
controlled oscillator circuit on the instrument power pwb. The PLLFB
signal is also used by the 386EX processor to ensure the instrument
mains zero crossing signal is in phase with the 386EX counting circuits.
CPLD IC8 counts the 1 kHz INT squarewave input transitions and
outputs a variable mark / space ratio signal output at IC8 pin 57 to IC30
pins 12 and 13. The output at IC30 pin 11 is inverted and provides a
digital reference to the 386EX processor and instrument power pwb
VCO.
Refer to section 14 of this manual for more details on the mains zero
crossing circuitry.
Filament volts
Filament volts is a select signal generated by IC7 through IC41 pin 21.
The filament volts signal is inverted by IC 39 and output to the
instrument power pwb at PL7 pin 6. The signal is used to select the
filament voltage power supply output level on the instrument power pwb.
The filament volts signal at IC39 pin 11 is set active low when the PC
software has recorded 200 hours of filament operation.
An active low filament volts will reduce the filament voltage power supply
output from 6.3 volts true RMS to 6.1 volts true RMS.
Refer to section 14 of this manual for more details on the filament
voltage power supply circuits.
Peltier ON
Peltier On is generated by IC7 through IC41 pin 22. The active high
peltier on signal is inverted by IC 39 and output to the instrument power
pwb at PL7 pin 8. The signal enables the peltier drive circuitry on the
instrument power pwb.
Refer to section 14 of this manual for more details on the peltier drive
circuitry.
Heater enable
Box heater enable is generated by IC7 through IC41 pin 25. The active
Box heater enable drive signal is inverted by IC 39 and output to the
instrument power pwb at PL7 pin 12. The signal enables the
polychromator box heater circuitry on the instrument power pwb.
Refer to section 14 of this manual for more details polychromator outer
box heater circuitry.
Polychromator output
The 386EX control pwb provides on and off control of the Full
illumination LED that is mounted in the polychromator assembly.
The camera board counts the input data stream and when the camera
pwb recognises 16 bits have been transferred the camera CPLD sets
the signal DONE active low. An active low DONE at IC8 on the 386EX
control pwb resets IC8’s internal parallel to serial converters and clears
the EXECUTE signal.
CMDLD is released by the camera board after EXECUTE falls. The
DONE signal from the camera pwb returns inactive and clearing IC8’s
internal BUSY signal.
13.3.3.2 Camera interface pwb for the Varian 710-ES Series instruments
The Camera Interface PWB (ASSY 02-101670-00) is the interface
between the PWB Camera CCD Daughterboard and the PWB 386
Control. The PWB Camera Interface generates bias and clock signals
for the CCD, and performs signal conditioning and analog-to-digital
conversion of the CCD video outputs. The PWB Camera Interface
receives instructions from the PWB 386 Control, generates the
appropriate clock sequences, and returns CCD image data (if
requested).
During the 7.5us clamp period, i.e when CLAMP ≈3V, the analog switch
U105B is closed and the video clamp level (15.5V in the diagram) is
stored across C105. U101 has a gain of +11 and U102 and U103 each
have a gain of +1. Shortly after CLAMP goes low, and U105B opens, the
voltage at VIDEO_A2 settles to a voltage equal to the magnitude of the
video signal (0.03V to 0.65V) x 11, i.e. in the range of -0.33V (video
black level) to -7.2V (video white level). 1.5us after CLAMP goes low,
SAMPLE goes high (≈ 3V), closing switch U105D, and charging the
sample capacitor, C137, via R109 (SAMPLE_RST is low, and U105A is
open). SAMPLE is high for 7.5us, during which time the voltage across
at U103 Pin6, approaches the voltage at VIDEO_A2 (i.e. in the range
-0.33V to -7.2V). U104 has a gain of -1.42, giving a voltage at
VIDEO_A3 in the range of +0.5V (black level) to +10V (white level).
Shortly before U105D is opened, U106 acquires the voltage present at
VIDEO_A3, and begins a conversion. Shortly after U105D is opened,
SAMPLE_RST goes high (≈ 3V), closing U105A and discharging the
sample capacitor, C137, via R111 (SAMPLE_RST is high for 10.5uS).
Some operations are overlayed, to achieve 50kPixels/second/quadrant
read rate. For example: ADC conversion and SAMPLE_RST for one
pixel take place, while clamping is performed on the next pixel.
The linear regulator, U703 provides a 5V output from the +15V input.
The +5V_AS power supply is used by the analog switches controlling
the CCD parallel and serial clocks. U704 generates a +11.7V output
from +15V, and U707 generates a -11.7V output from -15V. The ±11.7V
supplies are used to power the op-amps which drive the CCD parallel
and serial clocks.
U708 is a 10V reference for U709, an 8-channel, 8-bit Digital-to-Analog
Converter (DAC). Each of the eight DAC outputs (OUT0 to OUT7)
provide voltages in the range 0-10V; the actual voltage levels are
programmed from software. The DAC outputs are set-up from the
XILINX via the 3-wire serial interface on U709 pins 9,10 & 15. The DAC
output voltages determine the amplitude of the CCD parallel and serial
clocks.
U503 is a buffer for downloading the XILINX gateware from the PWB
386 Control via the 10-way ribbon cable. The Jumpers JP501 & JP502
are not loaded.
XILINX control
U603 is a 3.3V Xilinx Spartan Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
It is re-programmed, from the PWB 386 Control via the 10-way ribbon
cable, each time the instrument is turned on. Once programmed, the
XILINX performs the following functions:
• Serial communications to/from PWB 386 Control
• CCD parallel and serial clock timing
• Setting of CCD parallel and serial clock amplitudes (via U709 DAC)
• Analog switch and ADC timing for each Analog & ADC channel
• Status LEDs (LEDs 1 to 4 and LEDs 5 to 8)
The linear regulator, U601 provides the +3.3V XILINX supply from the
+5V supply. LED5 is ON when the +3.3V supply is ON. The +3.3V
supply is enabled, only when the +15V supply is present, via U601 Pin5.
Parallel Clocks
The three CCD parallel clocks, P1V_IM, P2V_IM and P3V_IM are used
to shift charge towards the serial registers during CCD readout, and to
minimise charge blooming during integration. The amplitudes of the
parallel clocks are determined by the outputs of the 8-channel DAC,
U709. As the DAC outputs are uni-polar (i.e. in the range 0 to 10V),
U801B, U802A & U803B, each have a gain of -1, to provide negative
clock rails (adjustable from 0 to -10V). U801A, U803A have a gain of +1,
to provide the positive clock rails (adjustable from 0 to +10V). The
analog switches, U804, U806, and U808 are used to select which clock
rail is switched to the input of the HA9P5002 buffers, which drive the
CCD parallel clocks. P1V_IM and P2V_IM are tri-level clocks, whereas
P3V_IM is a bi-level clock. P3V_IM will be at -8V during integration,
whereas P1V_IM & P2V_IM are toggled during integration. At all other
times, all parallel clocks are active: to either read the CCD, or clear the
CCD. The low-pass filter networks formed by the 2k2 resistor and 1nF
capacitor, prior to the HA9P5002 buffers, are used to shape the clock
waveforms, to minimise peak current required to drive the CCD.
Note that parallel clocks P1V_ST, P2V_ST and P3V_ST are not used,
and components associated with these clocks are not loaded on the
PWB.
Serial Clocks
The parallel clocks move charge toward the serial registers, and the
serial clocks move charge towards the output amplifiers. The amplitudes
of the serial clocks are determined by the outputs of the 8-channel DAC,
U709. As the DAC outputs are uni-polar (i.e. in the range 0 to +10V),
U902A and U902B have a gain of -1, to provide negative clock rails
(adjustable from 0 to -10V). U901A has a gain of +1, and provides the
positive clock rail (adjustable from 0 to +10V). The analog switches,
U903 and U904 are used to select which clock rail is switched to the
input of the HA9P5002 buffers, which drive the CCD serial clocks. The
low-pass filter networks formed by the 1k or 1k2 resistor and 100pF
capacitor prior to the HA9P5002 buffers, are used to shape the clock
waveforms, to minimise peak currents required to drive the CCD.
Serial Clock Test Points (clock rails)
Name Function Voltage Number
V_PXH_H High for all serial clocks 6V 920
V_PXH_L Low for all serial clocks -8V 960
(except RG)
V_RG_L Low for RG 0V 980
13.5 Specifications
Communications
IEEE-488 Between PC and instrument
RS-422 375 k Baud serial link between the five
microprocessor-based pwb assemblies
to three minutes, the Boot Block will be programmed and the LED
on the BBP will be flashing ‘.0’.
Procedure
1. Check that the Instrument and PC are connected via the IEEE
cable.
2. Turn on the PC and Run Firmware Download software,
FWUpdate.exe.
This Firmware Download software can be found on the instrument
software CD under the FirmWare subdirectory.
3. Turn on the instrument.
4. The Firmware Download software will present you with a menu of
options. Select the required action from the menu options.
5. The program will take about 2 minutes to upgrade the firmware.
When it finishes, turn the instrument off and exit the Firmware
Download software on the PC.
6. Turn the instrument back on and check that the firmware has been
updated to the appropriate version.
Figure 4 FWUpdate.exe
Temperature control
RTD sensor 5R1 forms one arm of a resistance bridge with R72,
(R209), R73, (R207), R74, (R204) and R75 (R208). The bridge
is balanced for a voltage of 0 VDC at TP31 (TP37) when the
outer box temperature is 35°C (5R1 = 113.61Ω). R78 (R175)
sets the gain of IC11B (U28A) a bridge error amplifier. C49
(C111) provides low pass filtering. R79 (R174) provides the input
positive feedback. R76 (R177) and C48 (C109) provide RF
filtering R87 (R163) is used for isolation.
The relationship between the outer box temperature, (Tb), and
the voltage at TP31 (P17 PIN 2) is
• TP31 (VDC) = (Tb-35) / 5 volts
VDC
5 125
4
3 120
2
1 115 TP31
0 PL5 pin 16
-1 110 RTD, 5R1
-2
-3 105
-4
RTD 5R1 (ohms)
-5 100
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Casting temperature (deg. C)
RTD sensor 6R1 forms one arm of a resistance bridge with R51,
(R210), R52, (R205), R53, (R206) and R54, (R211). The bridge
is balanced for a voltage of 0 VDC at TP30 (TP31) when the
outer box temperature is 35°C (6R1 = 113.61Ω). R57 (R129)
sets the gain of bridge error amplifier IC10B (U24A). C43 (C100)
provides low pass filtering. R58 (R130) provides the input
positive feedback. R55 (R133) and C42 (C94) provide RF
filtering.
IC10A (U24B) is an error amplifier configured with a gain of –100
by resistors R64 (R181) and R59 (R179). C46 (C106) provides
low pass filtering. Diode D23 (D57) with resistors R61 (R149)
and R63 (R183) reduce the gain of IC10A (U24B) when pin 1
output is less than –7.8 VDC. Diode D22 (D56) and resistors
R60 (R178) and R65 (R180) reduce amplifier gain for outputs of
greater than 7.8 VDC at IC10A (U24B) pin 1.
TR6 (Q9) limits the maximum output voltage from IC10A (U24B)
at PL12 (P17) pin 2. The +15 volt supply and the voltage divider
formed by R85 (R121) and R84 (R122) supply 0.48 VDC at the
base of TR6 (Q9). TR6 (Q9) and D29 (D39) clamp the output at
PL12 (P17) pin 2 to around 1.8 VDC. A positive limit of 1.8V
corresponds to a maximum outer box setpoint of 44° C.
Normal operation
In normal operation with the Box Heater En low and a casting
temperature of 34.95° C. TP30 (TP31) is -10 mVDC, box
setpoint is 1 VDC. The polychromator outer box is 40.1° C and
TP 31 (TP37) is 1.02 VDC. IC12B (U18B) pin 7 is +15 VDC and
TR7 (Q13) is off.
The outer box heater will turn off when the outer box exceeds
40.25°C and will turn on when the outer box falls below 39.75°C.
The casting temperature will stay relatively constant at 34.95°C.
If the outer box temperature falls to 39.74° C, TP 31 (TP37) is
0.948 VDC, TP30 (TP31) is –10mVDC, box setpoint is 1 VDC.
IC12B (U18B) pin 7 is –15 VDC, TR7 (Q13) is on and the
polychromator outer box heaters will turn on.
Shutter Drive
The Shutter Drive signal on PL5 pin 2 is from an open collector
output on the 386-EX control pwb. R45 is a pull up resistor for
this input. When Shutter Drive goes low, TR18 turns on,
producing a logic high at IC24 pins 9 and 10 which enable the
outputs of IC8 to the shutter solenoid. When Shutter Drive is
high, IC24 pin 10 is low and the outputs of IC8 are inactive.
The shutter drive solenoid only draws current during the 250
msec that Shutter Drive is low. C34 prevents the solenoid from
drawing current continuously. the active low Shutter Drive signal
begins to charge C34 through RN5 pins 7 and 8. As C34
charges the voltage across it increases reducing the base
current of TR18. At 0.8 seconds the voltage at RN5 pin 7
reaches 4 VDC. TR18 turns off and disables the output of IC8 to
the solenoid. When Shutter Drive goes high C34 discharges
through D17 and R45.
Note IC 8 outputs are active only for the period that the shutter drive
transistor TR 18 is on.
Shutter direction
The Shutter Dir input on PL5 pin 4 is from an open collector
output on the 386-EX control pwb. R44 is a pull up resistor for
this input. This input determines the polarity of the voltage pulse
at PL6 pins 3 and 4.
IC24 pins 4 and 12 provide out of phase signals for the inputs of
IC8. Table 2 shows the solenoid voltage, measured from PL6 pin
3 to PL6 pin 4.
With a solenoid current of 1 A, IC8 drops 2.6 VDC, R49 and R50
drop 0.4 VDC supplying 12 VDC to the solenoid. D18, D19, D20
and D21 clamp solenoid turn-off transients.
Peltier controller
The Varian 700-ES Series camera assemblies are cooled to
reduce the amount of dark current signal produced by the
detector. The reduction in dark current levels leads to lower
analytical backgrounds and lower noise which results in better
sensitivity.
The Varian 720/730-ES Series camera assembly has a 3-stage
peltier module. The Varian 710-ES Series camera assembly has
a 2-stage peltier module. Each peltier module is permanently
attached to their respective camera assembly housing. The heat
generated by the peltier is removed by cooling water that is
recirculated by a water chiller.
As IC14 pin 1 (U8B pin 7) voltage falls to less than 2.21 VDC
then current increases through IC14 pin 1 (U8B pin 7) via R99
(R21). IC13 (U1) increases the peltier supply output voltage to
maintain 2.21V at IC13 (U1) pin 1.
As IC14 pin 1 (U8B pin 7) rises above 2.21 VDC then IC13 (U1)
must reduce the peltier supply output voltage to maintain IC13
(U1) pin 1 at 2.21 VDC.
The voltage at IC14A pin 1 (U8B pin 7) controls the output
voltage of the peltier supply. The voltage at IC14A (U8B) is
limited to between -10.7 VDC (-9.5 VDC) by diodes D37 (D31)
and D38 (D32) and +10.7 VDC (12.0 VDC) by diodes D35 (D27)
and D36 (D28).
Note The Varian 710-ES Series and the Varian 720/730-ES Series
instruments use different separate power supply pwbs and
different camera assemblies that provide different detector
temperature feedback voltages. The peltier feedback and peltier
interlock and enable control for the two instruments are different.
5 -6
4 -6.2
2 -6.6
TP15 (volts)
1 -6.8 PL11 Pin6
0 -7 IC16 Pin7
TP15
-1 -7.2
-2 -7.4
-3 -7.6
-4 -7.8
-5 -8
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
CCD temperature (deg. C)
TP17
Argon OK 0V
Argon FAIL ≥11.35V
Vout of Thermistor
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
Voltage
1
Series1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
Temperature (C)
P8 Pin 12 TP29
Water OK ≈4.6V ≤0.2V
Water FAIL 0V ≥3.55
TP35
Argon OK 0V
Argon FAIL ≥11.35V
Note The Varian 710-ES Series and the Varian 720/730-ES Series
instruments use two separate instrument power supply pwbs.
The two circuit boards share several of the same circuits and
functions. Functions specific to the Varian 710-ES Series or
Varian 720/730-ES Series instrument power supply pwb are
stated as such. Where component designations differ the Varian
710-ES Series components are highlighted in brackets.
Filament control
Two diode pairs full wave rectify the 24-0-24 VAC supply to the
instrument power pwb to produce two independent rectified
voltages.
Diodes D53 (D18) and D54 (D19) and the voltage divider formed
by R168 (R107) and R167 (R108) deliver a rectified voltage with
a peak value of about 9.5 VDC to pin 6 of IC21 (U15B).
R77, C60, R51 and C42 provide low pass filters for the
DIRECTION and STEP inputs. When the STEP input is high for
>100ms, the voltage at TP7 will drop at a rate controlled by R78
and C52. This force both of the outputs at U10B pin 4 and U10C
pin 10 to go high. S0 and S1 inputs at U11 pin 9 and pin 10 are
high. When the STEP voltage goes low, a rising clock edge at
pin 11 of shift register U11 loads the parallel input data at D0-D3
(pattern = 0001). The voltage at TP7 will then rise and U10B and
U10C will be ready for stepping. R52 and D26 speed the rise
time required for C52.
Under normal operation, a 5ms high pulse at TP52 will drive the
attenuator disc one step in the direction set by the DIRECTION
signal at TP49 or the trailing edge of the pulse. A DIRECTION
high signal will shift the register left and DIRECTION low will shift
it right.
Bits 0 and 3 are fed back to U11 pins 2 and 7 to form a circular
register. Q3 output at pin 12 is connected through R58 and C55
and the on-chip inverter Dsr to the input of Q0. Q0 output at pin
15 is connected through R60 and C56 to and the on-chip inverter
Dsl at pin 7 to the input of Q3.
The pattern in the register is buffered by Darlington drivers on
U16. U16 supplies the motor current for each phase. Flyback
diodes for the motor windings are provided internally. In normal
operation only one phase of the stepper motor will be driven at
any one time.
14.5 Specifications
14.5.1 Mains input
Note 1 VDC = 10 °C