Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings Ð: Part 2: Sanitary Pipework, Layout and Calculation
Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings Ð: Part 2: Sanitary Pipework, Layout and Calculation
Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings Ð: Part 2: Sanitary Pipework, Layout and Calculation
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12056-2:2000
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Gravity drainage |
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systems inside |
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Part 2: Sanitary pipework, layout and |
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calculation |
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The European Standard EN 12056-2:2000 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.140.70; 91.140.80 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12056-2:2000.
It supersedes BS 5572:1994 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/505, Wastewater engineering, to Subcommittee B/505/21, Roof drainage and
sanitary pipework, which has the responsibility to:
The national annexes are an informative element of this British Standard and
contain information provided for easier implementation of EN 12056-2:2000 in the
United Kingdom, within the framework envisaged by the scope of the European
Standard. Users are reminded that only the normative elements of the adopted
European Standard set out the provisions to which it is necessary to conform in
order to form part of a trade description when citing this British Standard by
number or when compliance with it is claimed.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request
to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.
Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 85 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.
BSI 09-2000
ICS 91.140.80
English version
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
© 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12056-2:2000 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Page 2
EN 12056-2:2000
Foreword 5
1 Scope 6
2 Normative references 6
3 Definitions 6
3.1 General 6
3.1.1 Waste water 6
3.1.2 Domestic waste water 7
3.1.3 Trade effluent 7
3.1.4 Grey water 7
3.1.5 Black water 7
3.1.6 Rainwater 7
3.1.7 Flood level 7
3.1.8 Drainage system 7
3.1.9 Combined system 7
3.1.10 Separate system 7
3.4 Appliances 8
3.4.1 Domestic sanitary appliances 8
3.4.2 Non-domestic sanitary appliances 8
3.4.3 Floor gully 8
3.4.4 Trap 8
3.4.5 Depth of water seal (H) 8
3.5 Calculation 9
3.5.1 Discharge unit (DU) 9
3.5.2 Frequency factor (K) 9
3.5.3 Waste water flow rate (Qww) 9
3.5.4 Continuous flow rate (Qc) 9
3.5.5 Pumped water flow rate (Qp) 9
3.5.6 Total flow rate (Qtot) 9
© BSI 09-2000
Page 3
EN 12056-2:2000
4 System configurations 9
4.1 General 9
4.3 Configurations 10
4.3.1 Primary ventilated system configurations 10
4.3.2 Secondary ventilated system configurations 11
4.3.3 Unventilated discharge branch configurations 12
4.3.4 Ventilated discharge branch configurations 13
5 Layout rules 14
5.3 Odour 14
5.6 Ventilation 15
6 Calculation 15
6.1 General 15
© BSI 09-2000
Page 4
EN 12056-2:2000
6.6.1 General 24
Annex A (informative) 25
Annex B (informative) 30
Annex C (informative) 32
Annex D (informative) 35
© BSI 09-2000
Page 5
EN 12056-2:2000
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165, Waste water
engineering, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2000, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2001.
Part 5: Installation and testing of drainage systems, instructions for operation, maintenance and
use.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
© BSI 09-2000
Page 6
EN 12056-2:2000
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to waste water drainage systems which operate under gravity. It is
applicable for drainage systems inside dwellings, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings.
Differences in plumbing within Europe have led to a variety of systems being developed. Some of
the major systems in use are described but this standard has not attempted to detail the intricacies
of each system. Detailed information additional to that contained in this standard may be obtained
by referring to the technical documents listed in annex A.
This second part of the standard sets out principles which shall be followed for both layout and
calculation. It makes limited provision for drainage systems conveying trade effluent and also
makes limited provision for fluids removed by pumps.
All drawings in the standard are given as examples and are not intended to exclude any other
system configuration.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of publication referred to applies.
EN 12056-1: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 1: General and performance
requirements.
EN 12056-3: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and
calculation.
EN 12056-4: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 4: Waste water lifting plants, layout
and calculation.
EN 12056-5 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 5: Installation and testing,
instructions for operation, maintenance and use.
3 Definitions
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 General
3.1.1 waste water
water which is contaminated by use and all water discharging into the drainage system, e.g.
domestic and trade effluent, condensate water and also rainwater when discharged in a waste
water drainage system
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
NOTE For the purposes of this standard, “pipework” include pipes and fittings.
3.2.2 nominal diameter (DN)
numerical designation of size which is a convenient round number approximately equal to the
diameter in mm
3.2.3 internal diameter (di)
mean internal diameter of the pipe barrel at any cross-section
3.2.4 external diameter (da)
mean external diameter of the pipe barrel at any cross-section
3.2.5 minimum internal diameter (di min)
smallest internal diameter allowed with maximum tolerance
3.2.6 branch discharge pipe
pipe connecting sanitary appliances to a discharge stack or drain
3.2.7 square entry
equal branch junction that is more than 45°, or has a centre line radius less than the internal pipe
diameter
3.2.8 swept entry
equal branch junction that is at 45° or less, or has a centre line radius not less than the internal pipe
diameter
3.2.9 connection bend
first fitting in direction of flow after trap outlet
3.2.10 discharge stack
main (generally vertical) pipe, conveying discharges from sanitary appliances
© BSI 09-2000
Page 8
EN 12056-2:2000
3.4 Appliances
3.4.1 domestic sanitary appliances
fixed appliances supplied with water and used cleaning or washing. For example: baths, showers,
wash basins, bidets, WCs, urinals, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines
3.4.2 non-domestic sanitary appliances
special sanitary appliances used in commercial kitchens, laundries, laboratories, hospitals, hotels,
swimming-pools, etc.
3.4.3 floor gully
discharge fitting intended to receive water from floors either through apertures in a grating or from
pipes connected to the body of the gully. A gully may include a trap
3.4.4 trap
device that prevents the passage of foul air by means of water seal
3.4.5 depth of water seal (H)
the depth of water which would have to be removed from a fully charged trap before gases and
odours at atmospheric pressure could pass through the trap shown as H in Figure 1.
© BSI 09-2000
Page 9
EN 12056-2:2000
3.5 Calculation
3.5.1 discharge unit (DU)
the average discharge rate of a sanitary appliance expressed in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.2 frequency factor (K)
variable to take into account the frequency of use of sanitary appliances (dimensionless)
3.5.3 waste water flow rate (Qww)
total design flow rate from sanitary appliances in a drainage system or in a part of a drainage
system in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.4 continuous flow rate (Qc)
flow rate of all continuous flows, e.g. cooling water, etc., in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.5 pumped water flow rate (Qp)
discharge rate of waste water pumps in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.6 total flow rate (Qtot)
the total flow rate is the sum of the waste water flow rate (Qww) and continuous flow rate (Qc) and
pumped water flow rate (Qp), in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.7 hydraulic capacity (Qmax)
maximum flow rate of water permitted in a branch, stack or drain in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.8 air flow rate (Qa)
minimum flow rate of air through a ventilating pipe or air admittance valve, measured at
250 Pascal (Pa) pressure drop, in litres per second (l/s)
4 System configurations
4.1 General
There are many types of waste water drainage systems in use today. These have developed as a
result of differences in the type and use of sanitary appliances in different countries and also
different, justifiable technical traditions.
© BSI 09-2000
Page 10
EN 12056-2:2000
System I Single discharge stack system with partly filled branch discharge pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to partly filled branch discharge pipes. The partly
filled branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 0.5 (50 %) and are
connected to a single discharge stack.
System II Single discharge stack system with small bore discharge branch pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to small bore branch discharge pipes. The small
bore branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 0.7 (70 %) and are
connected to a single discharge stack.
System III Single discharge stack system with full bore branch discharge pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to full bore branch discharge pipes. The full bore
branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 1.0 (100 %) and each
branch discharge pipe is separately connected to a single discharge stack.
4.3 Configurations
Each system may be configured in a number of ways, governed by the need to control pressure in
the pipework in order to prevent foul air from the waste water system entering the building. The
principal configurations are described below but combinations and variations are often required.
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
8 Drain
9 Stack vent
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
8 Drain
9 Stack vent
10 Ventilating stack
11 Branch ventilating pipe
12 Urinal
© BSI 09-2000
Page 13
EN 12056-2:2000
Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
9 Stack vent
© BSI 09-2000
Page 14
EN 12056-2:2000
Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
9 Stack vent
10 Ventilating stack
11 Branch ventilating pipe
5 Layout rules
5.3 Odour
Appliances connected to the drainage system shall be installed with a trap to prevent escape of foul
air into the building.
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
5.6 Ventilation
Sanitary pipework is often used to ventilate the external drain or sewer system. Therefore care
should be taken to ensure that open vents are installed as necessary.
6 Calculation
6.1 General
The following calculation method is valid for all gravity drainage systems conveying domestic waste
water. Systems conveying trade effluents, e.g. drainage from swimming pools and industrial
buildings should be calculated individually.
Table 1 — Nominal diameters (DN) and related minimum internal diameters (di min)
Nominal Minimum
diameter internal
diameter
DN di min
mm
30 26
40 34
50 44
56 49
60 56
70 68
80 75
90 79
100 96
125 113
150 146
200 184
225 207
250 230
300 290
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Qww = K å DU
where:
Qww = Waste water flowrate (l/s)
K = Frequency factor
SDU = Sum of discharge units
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Usage of appliances K
Intermittent use, e.g. in dwelling, guesthouse, office 0,5
Frequent use, e.g. in hospital, school, restaurant, hotel 0,7
Congested use, e.g. in toilets and/or showers open to public 1,0
Special use, e.g. laboratory 1,2
Continuous flows and pump discharge rates shall be added to the waste water flowrate without any
reduction.
Qtot = Qww + Qc + Qp
where:
Qtot = Total flowrate (l/s)
Qww = Waste water flowrate (l/s)
Qc = Continuous flowrate (l/s)
Qp = Pumped water flowrate (l/s)
b) the flowrate of the appliance with the largest discharge unit (see Table 2).
For convenience some values of Qww or Qtot calculated for different frequency factors (K) and sums
of discharge units (DU) are tabulated in annex B.
© BSI 09-2000
Page 18
EN 12056-2:2000
Table 5 — Limitations
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Appliance Diameter Min. trap Max. length Pipe Max. Max. drop
seal depth (L) of pipe gradient number of (H)
from trap bends
outlet to
stack
DN mm m % No. m
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 1,7 2,2 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 1,1 4,4 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 0,7 8,7 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
Washbasin, bidet 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 4,4 2 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
2)
Shower, bath 40 50 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
3) 4)
Bowl urinal 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
3) 4)
Trough urinal 50 75 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
5) 3) 4)
Slab urinal 60 50 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
2)
Kitchen sink 40 75 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
(40 mm diameter trap)
Household dishwasher 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 1,5
or washing machine
4)
WC with outlet up to 75 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6)
80 mm
4)
WC with outlet greater 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6)
than 80 mm
7) 8) 3) 4)
Food waste disposal 40 Min. 75 3,0 13,5 Min. No Limit 1,5
8) 3) 4)
Sanitary towel 40 Min. 75 3,0 5,4 Min. No Limit 1,5
disposal unit
3)
Floor drain 50 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
3)
Floor drain 70 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
3)
Floor drain 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
4 basins 50 75 4,0 1,8 to 4,4 0 0
8) 3) 4)
Bowl urinals 50 75 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
6)
Maximum of 8 WC’s 100 50 15,0 0,9 to 9,0 2 1,5
3) 4)
Up to 5 spray tap 30 Max. 50 4,5 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
9)
basins
1) Steeper gradient permitted if pipe is less than maximum permitted length.
2) If length is greater than 3 m noisy discharge may result with an increased risk of blockage.
3) Should be as short as possible to limit problems with deposition.
4) Sharp throated bend should be avoided.
5) For slab urinal for up to 7 persons. Longer slabs to have more than one outlet.
6) Swept-entry branches serving WC’s.
7) Includes small potato-peeling machines.
8) Tubular not bottle or resealing traps.
9) Spray tap basin shall have flush-grated wastes without plugs.
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Table 8 — Limitations
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Appliance Diameter Min. trap Max. length Pipe Max. Max. drop
seal depth (L) of pipe gradient number of (H)
from trap bends
outlet to
stack
DN mm m % No. m
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 3,0 1,8 Min. 2 3,0
(30 mm diameter trap)
Washbasin, bidet 40 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
(30 mm diameter trap)
2)
Shower, bath 40 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3) 4)
Bowl urinal 40 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
3) 4)
Trough urinal 50 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
5) 3) 4)
Slab urinal 60 50 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
2)
Kitchen sink 40 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
(40 mm diameter trap)
3)
Household dishwasher 40 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
or washing machine
4)
WC with outlet up to 75 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6) and 14)
80 mm
4)
WC with outlet greater 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6) and 14)
than 80 mm
7) 8) 3) 4)
Food waste disposal 40 Min. 75 3,0 13,5 Min. No Limit 3,0
8) 3) 4)
Sanitary towel 40 Min. 75 3,0 5,4 Min. No Limit 3,0
disposal unit
3)
Bath drain, floor drain 50 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3)
Floor drain 70 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3)
Floor drain 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
9) 2)
5 basins 50 75 7,0 1,8 to 4,4 0
9 )and 10)
10 basins 50 75 10,0 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
9) and 11) 3) 4)
Bowl urinals 50 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
6)
More than 8 WC’s 100 50 No Limit 0,9 Min. No Limit No Limit
3) 4)
Up to 5 spray-tap 30 Max. 50 No Limit 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
12)
basins
1) For maximum distance from trap to vent; see Figure 8.
2) If length is greater than 3 m, noisy discharge may result with an increased risk of blockage.
3) Should be as short as possible to limit problems with deposition.
4) Sharp throated bends should be avoided.
5) For slab urinal for up to 7 persons. Longer slabs to have more than one outlet.
6) Swept-entry branches serving WC’s.
7) Includes small potato-peeling machines.
8) Tubular not bottle or resealing traps.
9) See Figure 9.
10) Every basin shall be individually ventilated.
11) Any number.
12) Spray tap basins shall have flush-grated wastes without plugs.
13) The size of ventilating pipes to branches from appliances can be DN 25 but, if they are longer than 15 m or contain
more than five bends, a DN 30 pipe shall be used.
14) If the connection of the ventilating pipe is liable to blockage due to repeated splashing or submergence, it should be
DN 50, up to 50 mm above the spill-over level of the appliance.
© BSI 09-2000
Page 22
EN 12056-2:2000
Table 10 — Minimum air flow rates for air admittance valves in branches
System Qa
l/s
I 1 ´ Qtot
II 2 ´ Qtot
III 2 ´ Qtot
IV 1 ´ Qtot
Qa = Minimum air flow rate
in litres per second (l/s).
Qtot = Total flow rate in litres
per second (l/s).
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
For convenience drain capacities calculated using the Colebrook-White equation are given in
annex B (informative).
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Annex A (informative)
The following documents contain details which should be considered within the framework of this
standard. This list was correct at the time of publication of this standard but should not be
considered to be exhaustive. Users of this standard should check for the latest applicable.
Austria
ÖWAV Regelblatt 11 " Richtlinien für die abwassertechnische Berechnung von Schmutz-, Regen-
und Mischwasserkanälen"
Belgium
According to the Royal Decree of 24.06.1988 on the municipalities, drainage installations inside
buildings are of the competence of the municipalities. Drainage systems have thus to comply with
the municipal regulations.
Denmark
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
France
Règlement sanitaire départemental, titre III "Locaux d'habitation et assimilés" (circulaire du 9 août
1978 modifiée par les circulaires des 26 avril 1982, 20 janvier 1983, 18 mai 1984, 31 juillet 1995, 22
mai 1997).
Germany
Ireland
National Regulations: Building Regulations 1997 Technical Guidance Document H Drainage and
Waste Water Disposal.
Local Regulations: Local Authorities have different requirements concerning the use of types of
drainage systems, and the use of air admittance valves. Drainage System No 1 is the accepted
method of gravity drainage inside buildings in Ireland.
Italy
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Netherlands
Sweden
Switzerland
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
United Kingdom
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Annex B (informative)
Slope DN DN DN DN DN DN DN
100 125 150 200 225 250 300
i Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v
cm/m L/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s
0,50 1,8 0,5 2,8 0,5 5,4 0,6 10,0 0,8 15,9 0,8 18,9 0,9 34,1 1,0
1,00 2,5 0,7 4,1 0,8 7,7 0,9 14,2 1,1 22,5 1,2 26,9 1,2 48,3 1,4
1,50 3,1 0,8 5,0 1,0 9,4 1,1 17,4 1,3 27,6 1,5 32,9 1,5 59,2 1,8
2,00 3,5 1,0 5,7 1,1 10,9 1,3 20,1 1,5 31,9 1,7 38,1 1,8 68,4 2,0
2,50 4,0 1,1 6,4 1,2 12,2 1,5 22,5 1,7 35,7 1,9 42,6 2,0 76,6 2,3
3,00 4,4 1,2 7,1 1,4 13,3 1,6 24,7 1,9 389,2 2,1 46,7 2,2 83,9 2,5
3,50 4,7 1,3 7,6 1,5 14,4 1,7 26,6 2,0 42,3 2,2 50,4 2,3 90,7 2,7
4,00 5,0 1,4 8,2 1,6 15,4 1,8 28,5 2,1 45,2 2,4 53,9 2,5 96,9 2,9
4,50 5,3 1,5 8,7 1,7 16,3 2,0 30,2 2,3 48,0 2,5 57,2 2,7 102,8 3,1
5,00 5,6 1,6 9,1 1,8 17,2 2,1 31,9 2,4 50,6 2,7 60,3 2,8 108,4 3,2
Slope DN DN DN DN DN DN DN
100 125 150 200 225 250 300
i Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v
cm/m l/s m/ l/s m/ l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s
s s
0,50 2,9 0,5 4,8 0,6 9,0 0,7 16,7 0,8 26,5 0,9 31,6 1,0 56,8 1,1
1,00 4,2 0,8 6,8 0,9 12,8 1,0 23,7 1,2 37,6 1,3 44,9 1,4 80,6 1,6
1,50 5,1 1,0 8,3 1,1 15,7 1,3 29,1 1,5 46,2 1,6 55,0 1,7 98,8 2,0
2,00 5,9 1,1 9,6 1,2 18,2 1,5 33,6 1,7 53,3 1,9 63,6 2,0 114,2 2,3
2,50 6,7 1,2 10,8 1,4 20,3 1,6 37,6 1,9 59,7 2,1 71,1 2,2 127,7 2,6
3,00 7,3 1,3 11,8 1,5 22,3 1,8 41,2 2,1 65,4 2,3 77,9 2,4 140,0 2,8
3,50 7,9 1,5 12,8 1,6 24,1 1,9 44,5 2,2 70,6 2,5 84,2 2,6 151,2 3,0
4,00 8,4 1,6 13,7 1,8 25,8 2,1 47,6 2,4 75,5 2,7 90,0 2,8 161,7 3,2
4,50 8,9 1,7 14,5 1,9 27,3 2,2 50,5 2,5 80,1 2,8 95,5 3,0 171,5 3,4
5,00 9,4 1,7 15,3 2,0 28,8 2,3 53,3 2,7 84,5 3,0 100,7 3,1 180,8 3,6
where:
Qmax = Capacity of drains (l/s)
v = Velocity (m/s)
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Sum of K K K K
discharge 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,2
units
SDU Qww Qww Qww Qww
l/s l/s l/s l/s
10 1,6 2,2 3,2 3,8
12 1,7 2,4 3,5 4,2
14 1,9 2,6 3,7 4,5
16 2,0 2,8 4,0 4,8
18 2,1 3,0 4,2 5,1
20 2,2 3,1 4,5 5,4
25 2,5 3,5 5,0 6,0
30 2,7 3,8 5,5 6,6
35 3,0 4,1 5,9 7,1
40 3,2 4,4 6,3 7,6
45 3,4 4,7 6,7 8,0
50 3,5 4,9 7,1 8,5
60 3,9 5,4 7,7 9,3
70 4,2 5,9 8,4 10,0
80 4,5 6,3 8,9 10,7
90 4,7 6,6 9,5 11,4
100 5,0 7,0 10,0 12,0
110 5,2 7,3 10,5 12,6
120 5,5 7,7 11,0 13,1
130 5,7 8,0 11,4 13,7
140 5,9 8,3 11,8 14,2
150 6,1 8,6 12,2 14,7
160 6,3 8,9 12,6 15,2
170 6,5 9,1 13,0 15,6
180 6,7 9,4 13,4 16,1
190 6,9 9,6 13,8 16,5
200 7,6 9,9 14,1 17,0
220 7,4 10,4 14,8 17,8
240 7,7 10,8 15,5 18,6
260 8,1 11,3 16,1 19,3
280 8,4 11,7 16,7 20,1
300 8,7 12,1 17,3 20,8
320 8,9 12,5 17,9 21,5
340 9,2 12,9 18,4 22,1
360 9,5 13,3 19,0 22,8
380 9,7 13,6 19,5 23,4
400 10,0 14,0 20,0 24,0
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Annex C (informative)
Floors: 3
Laundry: in basement
Stacks: 2 (square-entries)
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Section B
Qww = 0,5 ´ 51,0 + 2,6(Laundry ) = 0,5 ´ 53,6 = 3,7 l/s
according toT B.1, the nominal diameter of the drain is still = DN 125
Section C
Qww = 0,5 ´ 51,0 + 2,6 + 51,0 = 0,5 ´ 104,6 = 5,1 l/s
according to Table B.1, the nominal diameter of the drain is still = DN 125
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Legend:
Shower
Bath
Wash basin
WC
Sink
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
Annex D (informative)
EN 198 Specification for finished baths for domestic purposes made of acrylic material.
prEN 249 Specification for shower trays for domestic purposes made of acrylic materials.
EN 263 Specification for cast acrylic sheet for baths and shower trays for domestic purposes.
EN 274 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for basins, bidets and baths - General technical specifications.
EN 295-1 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 1: Requirements
(includes Amendment A1:1996 and Amendment A2:1996) 295-1:1991 + A1:1996 + A2:1996.
EN 295-2 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 2: Quality control and
sampling.
EN 295-3 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 3: Test methods.
EN 295-4 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 4: Requirements for
special fittings, adaptors and compatible accessories.
EN 295-6 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 6: Requirements for
vitrified clay manholes.
EN 295-7 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 7: Requirements for
vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jacking.
EN 329 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for shower trays - General technical specifications.
EN 411 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for sinks - General technical specifications.
EN 545 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines - Requirements and
test methods.
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
EN 588-1 Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains - Part 1: Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems.
prEN 588-2 Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains - Part 2: Manholes and inspection chambers.
EN 598 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage application - Requirements
and test methods.
EN 681-1 Elastomeric seals - Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage
applications - Part 1: Vulcanized rubber.
EN 752-1 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 1: Generalities and definitions.
EN 752-2 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 2: Performance requirements.
EN 752-4 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 4: Hydraulic design and environmental
considerations.
EN 752-6 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 6: Pumping installation.
EN 752-7 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 7: Maintenance and operations.
EN 773 General requirements for components used in hydraulically pressurized discharge pipes, drains
and sewers.
EN 858-1 Installations for separation of light liquids (e.g. oil and petrol) - Part 1: Principles of design,
performance and testing, marking and quality control.
EN 877 Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories for the evacuation of water from
buildings - Requirements, test methods and quality assurance.
EN 1123-1 Pipes and fittings of longitudinally welded hot-dip galvanized steel pipes with spigot and socket
for waste water systems - Part 1: Requirements, testing, quality control.
EN 1124-1 Pipes and fittings of longitudinally welded stainless steel pipes with spigot and socket for waste
water systems - Part 1: Requirements, testing, quality control.
EN 1293 General requirements for components used in pneumatically pressurized discharge pipes,
drains and sewers.
EN 1329-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.
EN 1451-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Polypropylene (PP) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.
prEN 1453-1 Plastics piping systems with structured wall pipes for soil and waste discharge (low and high
temperature) within the building structure - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1:
Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.
© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000
EN 1455-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.
prEN 1456-1 Plastics piping systems for underground drainage and sewerage under pressure - Unplasticized
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: General.
EN 1519-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Polyethylene (PE) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.
EN 1565-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Styrene-Copolymer-Blends (SAN + PVC) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.
EN 1566-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.
prEN 1825-1 Installation for separation of grease - Part 1: Principles of design, performance and testing,
marking and quality control.
EN 1852-1 Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Polypropylene
(PP) - Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system.
prEN 12050-1 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 1:
Lifting plants for waste water containing faecal matter.
prEN 12050-2 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 2:
Lifting plants for faecal-free effluent.
prEN 12050-3 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 3:
Lifting plants for waste water containing faecal matter for limited application.
prEN 12200-1 Plastics rainwater piping systems for above ground external use - Unplasticized
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: Components and functional requirements.
EN 12666-1 Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Polyethylene
(PE) - Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system.
prEN 12763 Fibre-cement pipes and fittings for discharge systems for buildings - Dimensions, technical
terms of delivery.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
blank
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Additional definitions
NA.1 General
This annex defines terminology used in national annexes NB, NC, ND, NE, NF and NG.
NA.2.5 size
used in this standard to indicate the nominal internal diameter of pipes regardless of specific
materials and their classification or description in other publications
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Exchange of information
NB.1 General
This annex gives guidance on the information that needs to be exchanged when designing a
sanitary pipework system.
Consultation is essential between clients, architects and engineers at all stages of the design of
buildings to ensure efficient and economic planning of the sanitary installations and the discharge
system, and the provision and positioning of ducts in relation to the building as a whole.
Details of drains, sewers and any precautions necessary to ensure satisfactory working of the
discharge systems should be obtained from the bodies responsible for the systems, for example,
information on the possibility of drains and sewer surcharging and statutory regulations. Any
specific requirements of the sewerage undertaker should be ascertained.
Alterations or extensions to existing work may need a survey and the report should include:
a) the type of drainage system in use, and drain and sewer loading;
a) information on the number, position and types of appliances to be installed and details of the
proposed use of the premises;
Before commencing work, the installer should be in possession of drawings as approved by the
appropriate authorities, together with the specification and any further working drawings and
information necessary to enable the work to be carried out.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
NC.1 General
Information required for design is given in the normative part of this standard. This annex provides
background information on the design principles used and contains information previously within
BS 5572:1994, which has been withdrawn.
a) the design of the appliance, e.g. funnel shaped appliances increase the chance of
self-siphonage;
c) the type of trap and waste fittings, grid design and free cross-sectional area at the outlet;
d) whether or not the appliance has an overflow that is connected into the waste fittings or to
the trap;
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
3
6
5
4
Legend:
1 Sanitary appliance
2 Negative pressure area
3 Water level before discharge
4 Pipe running full
5 Air passing through trap causes further water loss due to pumping action
6 Possible water level after self-siphonage
1 3
2
4 A
5 6
b) Induced siphonage (due to full bore flow in a main branch discharge pipe)
Legend:
1 Sanitary appliance
2 Negative pressure area
3 Sanitary appliance
4 Pipe running full
5 Main branch pipe
6 View A-A
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
a) the flow load, depending on the total number and type of appliances connected to the stack,
their distribution on each floor of the building and the frequency with which they are used;
b) the height and diameter of the stack, with excessive seal losses being prevented by selecting
the size of stack appropriate to the number of appliances connected to it and the height of
the building;
c) the design of pipe fittings, particularly the shape and the size of branch inlets and the radius
of the bend at the base of the stack connecting it to the drain;
4
5
Legend:
1 Open to atmosphere
2 Negative pressure
3 Induced siphonage related to suction (negative pressure) in the stack
4 Back pressure related to positive pressure in stack
5 Positive pressure
6 Typical air pressure distribution in stack with two branches discharging
NOTE Connection close to base of stack is not recommended but is shown here to illustrate pressure effects.
Figure NC.2 — Pressure effects and seal losses due to water flow in a discharge stack
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
a) Primary ventilated stack system (previously know as single stack system) (see Figure NC.3
and Figure NC.4)
A primary ventilated stack system is used in situations where the discharge stack is large
enough to limit pressure fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.
c) Ventilated branch system (previously know as ventilated system or modified single stack
system) (see Figure NC.6)
A ventilated branch system is used in situations where there are large numbers of sanitary
appliances in ranges or where they have to be widely dispersed and it is impracticable to
provide discharge stack(s) in close proximity to the appliances. Trap seals are maintained by
extending the discharge and ventilating stacks to atmosphere and providing individual branch
ventilating pipes.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
2 3
4
5
a) Single appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Sink
3 Wash basin
4 WC
5 Bath
6 Discharge pipe
1
2
5 3
b) Multiple appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Wash basins
3 Cleaning eye
4 Discharge pipe
5 WC
6 Side view
NOTE For use in situations described in the note to Figure NC.4, but where the discharge stack is large
enough to limit pressure fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1 2
3 4
5
6
a) Single appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Sink
4 Wash basin
5 WC
6 Bath
7 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
8 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)
1 2
4
3 5
6
b) Multiple appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)
4 Wash basins
5 Cleaning eye
6 WC
7 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
8 Side view
NOTE For use in situations where close grouping of appliances makes it practicable to provide branch
discharge pipes without need for branch ventilating pipes.
Figure NC.4 — Secondary ventilated stack system
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1 2
4
3
5
6
7
8
10 11
a) Single appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Sink
4 Ventilating pipe
5 Wash basin
6 Discharge pipe
7 WC
8 Bath
9 Discharge pipe
10 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)
11 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
1 2
3
7
5
b) Multiple appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Ventilating pipe
4 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilation stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (seeND.3.6.2.1)
5 Wash basins
6 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
7 WC
8 Side view
NOTE For use in situations where there are large numbers of sanitary appliances in ranges or where they have
to be widely dispersed and it is impracticable to provide discharge stacks in close proximity to the appliances.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1
2
3 4
5
6
a) Single appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Sink
4 Wash basin
5 WC
6 Bath
7 Ventilating stack acting only as a common connection to ventilating pipes
1
2
3
4
b) Multiple appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Wash basins
4 WC
5 Ventilating stack acting only as a common connection to ventilating pipes
6 Side view
NOTE For use in situations where the disposition of appliances on a branch discharge pipe could cause loss of
their trap seals (by provision of ventilating pipework extended to the atmosphere or connected to a ventilating
stack).
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.1 General
This national annex provides specific information for the design of sanitary pipework system 3.
Designs in this standard are based on the use of water sealed traps.
ND.2.1 General
Traps should be designed so that deposits do not accumulate. The internal surface of the trap should
be smooth throughout. All traps should be accessible and provided with an adequate facility for
cleansing, for example, traps that are capable of being readily removed or dismantled. In general, a
trap which is not an integral part of an appliance should be attached to, and be immediately beneath,
its outlet and be self-cleansing. However, traps that are not connected to the appliance should be as
close as possible and be self-cleansing. There should be no reduction in cross-sectional flow area
through the trap. There should be no more than one trap on the discharge pipework from any
appliances.
For ease of maintenance, a trap may be positioned a maximum of 750 mm from a shower waste
outlet.
1
1
1 2
Legend:
1 Water seal
2 One way valve
3 Air bypass
Figure ND.1 — Trap types
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Traps with outlets for pipes over DN 50 should have a minimum water seal of 50 mm.
Traps used on appliances with flat bottoms (trailing waste discharge) and discharging to a gully with a
grating may have a reduced water seal of not less than 38 mm.
ND.3.1 General
It is convenient to deal with branch discharge pipes and discharge stacks separately because of their
different performance characteristics.
Branch discharge pipes and discharge stacks should be installed inside buildings, although for
buildings up to three storeys discharge stacks and branch discharge pipes may be installed
externally.
ND.3.2.1 Diameters
Branch pipes should not be reduced in diameter in the direction of flow. Oversizing branch pipes to
avoid self-siphonage problems can be uneconomic and can lead to an increased rate of deposit
accumulation.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.3.2.2 Gradients
The gradient of a branch discharge pipe should be uniform and adequate to drain the pipe efficiently.
Practical considerations usually limit the minimum gradient to 1º or 1¼º (18 mm/m or 22 mm/m), but
flatter gradients down to ½º (9 mm/m) may be imposed on long runs of DN 100 and DN 150 size pipe
when space is restricted. This can be undesirable and adequate self-cleansing of such an
arrangement is only possible with high design flow rate (i.e. of not less than 2,5 l/s) and workmanship
of a high standard.
Pipe diameters, gradients and pipe capacities are interrelated and this relationship is vital for the
DN 30 branches normally connected to wash basins. Vertical DN 30 pipe may run full bore and
ventilating pipework may be needed to prevent self-siphonage and noisy discharge.
ND.3.2.3 Lengths
Branch discharge pipes, especially those serving wash basins and urinals, should be kept as short as
practicable to reduce both self-siphonage effects and the accumulation of deposits. Large diameter
branches serving WCs present fewer problems in these respects.
Junctions between branch discharge pipes of about the same diameter should be swept in the
direction of flow using swept entry branches, with a 25 mm minimum root radius, (see Figure ND.2);
otherwise, 45º branches should be used. To minimize the risk of blockage, branches up to DN 40
size joining larger diameter horizontal branches of DN 100 or over should, if practicable, connect to
the upper part of the pipe wall of the larger branch. For the same reason, opposed branch connection
in the horizontal place to a main branch discharge pipe should be avoided.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
250
2,5 ˚
25
c) Using 87½º boss when pipe d) With small radius e) Without radius
gradient has to be less than
2½º (45 mm/m)
Legend:
1 Change in gradient if required
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
45
89,50 - 45
89,50 - 67,50
50 1
1
Legend:
1 Radius not essential
ND 3.2.5 Combined branches for bath and wash basins (see Figure ND.3)
For a combined branch to which a wash basin is connected, the shape of a tee junction fitting can
have an especially significant effect on performance, unless swept in the direction of flow.
A common branch serving a bath and wash basin can be used, but self- and induced siphonage of
the seals can occur and water from the basins may back-up into the bath if the arrangement is
incorrectly designed. The gradient and length of the branch and the shape of the branch junction all
have an effect on performance, and it is not possible to set down general design limits. Therefore,
tests are usually needed to assess the behavior of a particular arrangement, but the layout shown in
Figure ND.3 has been shown to function satisfactorily.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
25
1
2
32
750
40
40 40
45
5 2,50
500 3
3,000
3 000
Legend:
1 Wash basin and 32 mm branch pipe (slope 1¼º to 2½º:22 mm/m to 45 mm/m) may be
mounted in a plane at 90º to that shown
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Short as practicable but 1,5 m (max.)
NOTE 1 A bend in the horizontal plane can be included in the 40 mm pipe. (Minimum radius 150 mm to centre
line.)
NOTE 2 Any deviation from the dimensions (and limits) shown may cause self-siphonage or back flow into the
bath.
NOTE 3 Resealing traps can be used instead of venting but noisy bath and wash basin discharge may result.
NOTE 4 See also Figure ND.2 for branch connection to stack.
Figure ND.3 — Combined branch discharge pipe arrangement for a bath and wash basin
NOTE Some of the arrangements in Figure ND.4 show loose connections between the machine drain hose and
discharge pipe. Some machines require this air break to prevent siphonage of water from the machine during
operation. However, if the discharge stack develops a blockage, water will overflow during the emptying cycle.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
a) Without venting
Legend:
1 Machine hose
2 Air gap
H is 600 mm to 900 mm (depends on washing or dish washing machine design)
1 25
H
L
b) With venting
Legend:
1 Ventilation pipe (to atmosphere) – do not connect to ventilating stack
2 Machine hose
3 Water-tight connection
4 To gully
D is 40 mm
L<3m
H is 600 mm to 900 mm (depends on washing or dish washing machine design)
Θ is 1º to 2½º (18 mm/m to 45 mm/m)
Trap of 75 mm seal depth and 40 mm diameter
Figure ND.4 — Branch discharge pipes for washing and dish washing machines
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
2
3
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.3.3 Connections to discharge stacks
For DN 30 pipes serving wash basins the root radius should be greater than 25 mm [see
Figures ND.2c),d) and e)] and the change in gradient should be within 250 mm from the stack.
A branch inlet of DN 80 to DN 150 joining a discharge stack of equal diameter should be swept in the
direction of flow with a radius of not less than 50 mm for angles of 89½º to 67½º [see Figure ND.2f)].
Branch pipe connections at 45º or less do not need swept inlets [see Figure ND.2g)].
Branch inlets of DN 80 joining DN 100 or DN 150 discharge stacks and branch inlets of DN 100
joining DN 150 stacks may be swept or straight entry [see Figure ND.2h)].
To prevent cross-flow from the discharge from a large diameter branch connection (e.g. a
WC branch) into a smaller diameter branch (e.g. a bath branch), the latter should be connected to
the stack at or above the centre line level of the larger branch connection or be at right angles or less
to the branch connection, (see Figure ND.5) or at least 200 mm below. Similar rules apply to
opposed small diameter branches (see Figure ND.5).
A branch creates a no connection zone on a stack, as shown shaded in Figure ND.5. No other
branch may be fitted such that its centre line falls inside a zone, but its centre line may be on the
boundary of the zone.
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Branch Branch
75 -150 63
1 2
Section
90 90
90 90
75 90
100 110
125 210
150 250
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
c) Consider a stack with branch A and its no connection zone, shown shaded
A C
1
B A C
d) Other branches may be fitted at the same level as A, as shown at B and C. Each branch
creates its own no connection zone. Only that of branch A is shown in this diagram.
Legend:
1 Zone of branch A
A C
D
1 2
B A C
e) A branch may also be fitted at D, or elsewhere on the same vertical centre line. Although this
would be on the boundaries of the no connection zones of branches A and C, its centre line
would not be inside either of them. But as branch B has no connection zone on the far side of
the stack, it would not be possible to fit a branch opposite branch D.
Legend:
1 Zone of branch A
2 Zone of branch B
— Examples of permitted connections for the prevention of cross-flow
Figure ND.5 — Prevention of cross-flow (concluded)
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
This arrangement usually requires a length of vertical, or near vertical, discharge pipe that can cause
self-siphonage of the trap seals and some noise. Self-siphonage is less likely with baths and sinks
because trail off at the end of discharge will refill the traps sufficiently. However, wash basin
branches may require venting or the use of a resealing or anti-vacuum trap. Noisy discharges may be
prevented by venting the waste run.
ND.3.4.2 WC connections
WCs can be connected directly to a drain, without individual venting, provided that the
vertical distance from the centre line of the WC branch to the invert of the drain is
not more than 1,5 m. ND.3.4.3 Stub stacks
A stub stack consists of a short straight discharge stack equal to the drain diameter, with the top
closed, preferably with an access fitting. It can be used to connect various appliances to a drain or
discharge stack providing the total loading does not exceed 5 l/s, the centre line of the WC branch is
not more than 1,5 m and the centre line of the topmost connection is not more than 2,5 m above the
invert level of the drain or branch discharge pipe [see Figure ND.4a)]. Where one or more stub stack
connections discharge to a drain, the head of that drain should be ventilated by a ventilating stack or
discharge stack that terminates externally to the atmosphere.
ND.3.5.1 Diameter
The internal diameter of a discharge stack should be not less than that of the largest trap or branch
discharge pipe connected to it. The stack primary vent should be continued to the point of termination
without any reduction in size to the discharge stack. In certain cases of one and two storey housing
economies can be made by using a DN 80 stack vent without detriment to the performance of the
system.
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
2,5
1,5
a) Stub stack
45
L
R
45
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Legend:
1 Ventilating stack to atmosphere (or connected to stack vent)
2 Discharge stack
3 For ventilated systems sized
R is as large as possible (ID ´ 2 min.)
d D/2, or for ventilated systems if larger than D/2
Db ³ 75 mm (see note 2)
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1
900
4
5 6
Legend:
1 Domical cage
2 Roof
3 Alternative arrangement
4 Window or other opening
5 Stack vent
6 Ventilating stack to connect to stack vent
2
4
6 5
Legend:
1 Domical cage
2 Rainwater outlet
3 Alternative arrangement
4 Roof
5 Stack vent
6 Ventilating stack
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Their installation (see note) should comply with the manufacturer’s instructions. Dust laden
atmospheres (e.g. caused by industrial processes) may clause AAVs to malfunction. To aid
clearance of blockages, AAVs should be removable.
NOTE Approved Document H of the Building Regulations 1991 [1] only permits AAVs that are subject to a
current British Board of Agrément Certificate and for their installation to be in accordance with the terms of the
certificate. Part M of the technical standards for compliance with the Building Standards (Scotland)
Regulations 1990 [2] also has restrictions on their use.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1 2
1
3
4 5
a) End of branch
Legend:
1 Ventilating pipe
2 Branch connection
3 Tee junction
4 Large diameter – branch
5 Small diameter – branch
2
750
1
750
4 5 6
b) Single appliance
Legend:
1 Ventilating pipe
2 Above spill-over level of appliance
3 Crown of trap
4 Ventilating stack
5 Discharge stack
6 Alternative arrangement
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
1 1
750
2
750
1
1
3
c) Avoiding unsightly pipes to single appliances
Legend:
1 Above spill-over level of appliance
2 To ventilating stack (or discharge stack if connection is above highest branch)
3 Alternative arrangement
1
750
2 3
A
d) Ranges of appliances
Legend:
1 Above spill-over level of appliance
2 Discharge stack
3 View A-A
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.3.6.1.1 Diameter
The size of ventilating pipes to branches from individual appliances can be DN 25 but, if they are
longer than 15 m or contain more than five bends, a DN 30 pipe should be used. If the connection of
the ventilating pipe is liable to blockage due to repeated splashing or submergence on a WC branch
(see Figure ND.7), it should be larger but it can be reduced when above the spill-over level of the
appliance.
Ventilating pipe connections to the end of branch runs should be at the top of the branch pipe, away
from any likely backflow which could cause blockage.
ND.3.6.1.4 Installation
To prevent the possibility of a condensation waterlock preventing the movement of air through the
ventilating system and to minimize the risk of internal corrosion, ventilating pipes should normally be
installed so that there is a continuous backfall to the branch discharge pipe system; an alternative
arrangement is illustrated in Figure ND.6 in which the fall is towards the vent stack via a high level
loop.
ND.3.6.2.1 Connections
In secondary ventilated stack systems (see Figure ND.5), the ventilating stack can be joined to the
discharge stack by cross-connections, usually on each floor. These cross-connections should slope
upwards from the discharge stack (67½º maximum) to prevent discharge water from entering the
vent system and should be of the same diameter as the ventilating stack.
The lowest end of the ventilating stack should normally be connected to the discharge stack at or
below the lowest branch connection; the upper end should preferably be connected to the stack vent
or pass through the roof to the atmosphere.
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
67,5 d
d1
1
d1
db
2
Db >_ 75
b) Bottom of stacks
Legend:
1 Ventilating stacks
2 Lowest branch
d1 is same as ventilating stack
Db ³ 75 mm [if d is smaller than 50 mm, the method shown in the right-hand figure of a) is preferable]
L is as small as practicable
ND.3.6.2.2 Installation
Bends and offsets in ventilating pipes do not normally affect performance, but they should be of large
radius.
4
10
6
2 3
5 4
6 4
8 11
7 9
7 7
Legend:
1 Roof
2 Typical floor
3 Access to stacks at 3 storey intervals or less
4 Slightly above spill-over level of appliances
5 Sink
6 Wash basin
7 WC
8 Bath
9 Removable joint
10 Stall urinal
11 Bowl urinals
Access
Access required if waste not detachable
Test access
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.4.1 General
Sufficient and suitable access should be provided to enable all pipework to be tested and maintained
effectively. The access covers, plugs or caps should be located so as to facilitate testing, cleaning
and clearing. The use of apparatus or equipment should not be impeded by the structure or other
services. Access points should not be located where their use may give rise to nuisance if they are
above the spill-over level of the pipework likely to be affected by a blockage and/or are extended to
suitable positions at the face of a duct or casing, or at floor level.
ND.4.4 Urinals
The discharge from urinals can cause heavy deposits especially with hard water. Special attention is
therefore necessary to the provision of access so that all parts of the stack, branch and trap can be
readily cleaned.
With soft water, branches from spray tap wash basins are likely to become blocked and particular
attention should be paid to access. Stacks serving sinks only, especially where the water is soft, may
require access on each.
For multi-storey domestic buildings, access to the pipework should be provided at about three storey
intervals. For multi-storey commercial buildings, access to the pipework should be provided on each
floor.
Access points are required above the spill-over level of appliances, and at the high end of the branch
discharge pipes of food waste macerators and vegetable paring machines that there is a high risk of
blockage. It is also necessary to ensure that access points are accessible after the appliances have
been installed.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
ND.5 Special design considerations
ND.5.1.1 General
For the purpose of considering the waste discharge from restaurant and canteen kitchens, the work
process can be divided into two main operations:
a) food preparation and cooking, involving the use of vegetable preparation sinks, general
purpose sinks, vegetable paring machines and waste disposal units;
b) washing up, involving the use of waste disposal units, dish washing machines, pot wash
sinks, sterilizing sinks and general purposes sinks.
The time scale during which the operations may be carried out will not comply with a set pattern, but
will vary from kitchen to kitchen according to its size, the number of meals served and the period over
which the meal service is provided.
The peak rate of waste discharge will probably occur during washing up periods when dish washing
machines are in use. Dish washing machines vary in size and according to the capacity of the
machine may use water from 125 l/hr with a peak flow rate in the order of 80 l/min. The flow rate of
waste discharge from kitchen appliances should, therefore, be calculated on the basis of the capacity
and peak usage of the appliances. It should be noted that discharges may be of large volume, and
high temperatures necessitate the careful selection of drainage materials (see annex NE for material
selection).
Kitchens are designed to ensure a natural flow of work and seldom permit the grouping of appliances
to give the best conditions for drainage. It is of primary importance that there should be no loss of
water seal in the traps on kitchen appliances, therefore an adequate ventilated system of drainage is
necessary.
Floor channels and gratings to open gullies found in kitchens, food preparation rooms and wash-up
rooms habour dirt and grease, and if the gratings are not properly fitted they can be hazardous to
pedestrian traffic. This form of drainage is unhygienic and should be avoided.
Sinks and dish washing machines should be individually trapped and connected directly to the
discharge stack.
The pipes from appliances which discharge waste water containing heavy concentrations of solid
matter, e.g. vegetable paring machines and food waste disposal units, should not be connected to
the head of long runs of horizontal discharge pipes or discharge to grease traps. They should be
connected as close as is practicable to the main vertical discharge stack or drain to gain the
maximum flushing advantage from appliances with high wastewater discharge rates.
Where practicable, items of kitchen equipment such as steaming ovens, bains-marie, boilers and
cafe sets should discharge over a drip tray or a fixed tundish having a trapped outlet connected to the
discharge system.
Boiling pans should be drained separately over removable tundishes into trapped gullies. The
trapped gully should be fitted with a solid hinged flap flush with the floor, with the flap kept closed
when not in use.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
They should be sized to achieve maximum efficiency. The temperature and velocity of flow of the
waste water should allow the grease to separate and collect on the surface of the water in the trap
reservoir. In the standard type of grease trap, the process of separation will be impaired or even
prevented by the use of detergents which emulsify the grease.
Consideration should also be given to the general nature of the waste matter discharges since the
reduced flow velocity through the trap will allow solid waste matter in suspension to settle and collect
in the trap reservoir.
Provision should be made to facilitate the hygienic removal and disposal of the grease in accordance
with trade waste regulations. Provision should also be made for the trap to be completely emptied
and cleaned periodically to prevent the development of septic conditions in the trap reservoir.
To avoid the risk of food contamination, grease traps should not be located in food rooms.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Materials
NE.1 General
Pipes and fittings should be suitable for their purpose and should comply with the requirements of the
relevant standards.
The choice of material depends on the size and function of the pipework, the temperature and
constituents of the discharge and the ambient conditions including temperature. Other considerations
are the weight, physical strength, ease of assembly, fire resistance and maintenance requirements of
the pipework (see also Part 5).
NE.2.1 Metals
The following metals are generally suitable for discharge and ventilating pipes covered by this
standard:
a) cast iron;
b) copper;
d) stainless steel.
Electrolytic corrosion may occur where dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of moisture.
In the following scale, where any two metals are combined, the upper one may be attacked and the
closer the metals are in the scale, the lower the risk of attack:
a) zinc;
b) iron;
c) lead;
d) brass;
NE.2.2 Plastics
The following plastics are generally suitable for discharge pipes covered by this standard:
e) polypropylene (PP).
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Some of these materials may not be suitable if large quantities of very hot water have to be
discharged; also some solvents and organic compounds can damage plastics materials. The
relevant British or European Standards should be consulted or expert advice sought if these
conditions are likely.
Plastics material exposed to direct sunlight may require protection to resist ultraviolet degradation. It
is advisable to seek guidance from manufacturers of any materials other than PVC-U or MuPVC.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Work on site
NF.1 General
This annex provides information on site working, jointing and fixing method requirements for all
materials used on above ground gravity sanitary pipework. This document covers domestic,
commercial and public buildings, with the exception of trade waste discharges and any special
requirements of building such as hospitals or laboratories.
NF.2.1 General
Care should be taken to ensure that no jointing material projects inside the bore of the pipe. Some
flexibility is desirable where there is a possibility of movement in a pipeline or between the pipe and
the appliance, and provisions should be made in the assembly of sanitary pipework to accommodate
and control thermal movement. To comply with the electrical wiring regulations (BS 7671), pipework
may require continuity of electrical bonding at each joint.
b) cast iron, malleable iron or steel holderbats (brackets) for building in, nailing or screwing to
the structure;
a) malleable iron schoolboard pattern brackets for building in or screwing to the structure;
b) malleable iron pipe rings, with either back plates or girder clips;
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Where the layout requires shorter lengths than the maximum, support distances should be adjusted
to suit these shorter lengths and provision of lateral bracing should be considered when pipes are
flexibly jointed.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
NOTE 2 Supports should be located close to and downstream of sockets. Additional supports are recommended
at junctions and changes in direction.
Special care should be taken with pipe systems having ring seal joints to prevent deflection of the
joint after the pipework is assembled. Pipework should not be allowed to carry any external load
either during or after construction.
All access covers and clearing eyes should be fitted at the time of installation and be finally fixed and
sealed after testing.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Inspections and tests should be made during the installation of the discharge system as the work
progresses to ensure that the pipework is properly secured and clear of obstruction, debris and
superfluous matter and that all work which is to be concealed is free from defects before it is finally
enclosed.
Prefabricated units should be tested at the works or place of fabrication and inspected upon delivery
to site.
NG.3 Testing
NG.3.1.1 Preparation
The water seals of sanitary appliances should be fully charged and test plugs or bags inserted into
the open ends of the pipework to be tested. To ensure that there is a satisfactory air seal at the base
of the stack, or at the lowest plug or bag in the stack if only a section of the pipework is to be tested,
a small quantity of water sufficient to cover the plug or bag can be allowed to enter the system.
One of the remaining test plugs should be fitted with a tee piece, with a cock on each branch, and
one branch being connected by means of a flexible tube to a manometer. Alternatively, a flexible tube
from a tee piece fitted with cocks on its other two branches can be passed through the water seal of
a sanitary appliance. Any water trapped in this tube should be removed and then a manometer can
be connected to one of the branches.
NG.3.1.2 Application
Air is pumped into the system through the other branch of the tee piece until a pressure equal to
38 mm water gauge is obtained. The air inlet cock is then closed and pressure in the system should
remain constant for a period of not less than 3 min.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
NG.3.1.3.1 Smoke
A smoke producing machine may be used which will introduce smoke under any pressure into the
defective pipework. Leakage may be observed as the smoke escapes. Smoke cartridges containing
special chemicals should be used with caution, taking care that the ignited cartridge is not in direct
contact with the pipework and that the products of combustion do not have a harmful effect upon the
materials used for the discharge pipe system.
Smoke testing of plastics pipework should be avoided due to naphtha having a detrimental effect,
particularly on ABS, PVC-U and MUPVC. Rubber jointing components can also be adversely
affected.
NG.3.2.1 General
All appliances, whether discharged singly or in groups, should drain speedily, quietly and completely.
To ensure that adequate water seals are retained during peak working conditions, the tests described
in NG.3.2.2 should be carried out. After each test a minimum of 25 mm of water seal should be
retained in every trap. Each test should be repeated at least three times, the trap or traps being
recharged before each test. The maximum loss of seal in any one test, measured by a dip stick or
small diameter transparent tube, should be taken as the significant result.
NG.3.2.2 Tests for self-siphonage and induced siphonage in branch discharge pipes
To test for the effect of self-siphonage the appliance should be filled to overflowing level and
discharged by removing the plug; WC pans should be flushed. The seal remaining in the trap should
be measured when the discharge has finished. Ranges of appliances, connected to a common
discharge pipe, should also be tested for induced siphonage in a similar way. The number of
appliances that should be discharged together is given in Table NG.1. The seal remaining in all the
traps should be measured at the end of the discharge. The worst conditions usually occur when the
appliances at the upstream end of the discharge pipe are discharged.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Domestic 1 to 9 1 1 1
10 to 24 1 1 2
25 to 35 1 2 3
36 to 50 2 2 3
51 to 65 2 2 4
Commercial or public 1 to 9 1 1 —
10 to 18 1 2
19 to 26 2 2
27 to 52 2 3
53 to 78 3 4
79 to 100 3 5
Congested 1 to 4 1 1 —
5 to 9 1 2
10 to 13 2 2
14 to 26 2 3
27 to 39 3 4
40 to 50 3 5
51 to 55 4 5
56 to 70 4 6
71 to 78 4 7
79 to 90 5 7
91 to 100 5 8
NOTE These figures are based on a criterion of satisfactory service of 99 %. In practice, for systems
serving mixed appliances, this slightly overestimates the probable hydraulic loading. The flow load
from urinals, spray tap basins and showers is usually small in most mixed systems, hence these
appliances need not normally be discharged.
NG.3.2.3 Test for induced siphonage and back pressure in discharge stacks
A selection of appliances connected to the stack should be discharged simultaneously and the trap
and seal losses due to positive or negative pressures in the stack should be noted. These selected
appliances should normally be close to the top of the stack and on adjacent floors, as this gives the
worst pressure conditions. Table NG.1 shows the number of appliances which should be discharged
simultaneously.
As an example, for a block of flats nine storeys high with the stack serving one WC, one wash basin,
one sink and one bath on each floor, the test would consist of one WC, one wash basin and one sink
being discharged simultaneously on the top floor. Where the stack served two WCs, two wash
basins, two baths and two sinks on each floor, the discharge test would consist of one WC, one wash
basin and two sinks. The WC, wash basin and one sink would be discharged on the top floor and the
remaining sink on the floor immediately below.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
For the purpose of this test, baths are ignored as their use is spread over a relatively long period and
consequently they do not add materially to the normal peak flow on which Table NG.1 is based.
Where a stack serves baths only, the number to be discharged simultaneously in a test should be
taken to be the same as for sinks. Flows from showers are small and these can usually be ignored
for stacks serving mixed appliances. Similarly for non-domestic buildings, spray tap basins and
urinals need not be included in the test when the stack also serves other appliances.
NG.4 Maintenance
NG.4.1 General
Discharge pipe systems should be kept in a clean and sound condition in order to maintain maximum
efficiency. This is facilitated by designing in accordance with the recommendations in this
national annex.
a) Vertical ventilating pipes of cast iron or steel are liable to accumulate rust at bends and
offsets.
b) When access covers, caps and clearing eyes are removed, damaged packing, ring seals,
washers and loose fixings should be renewed before replacement.
c) Care should be taken in the use of chemical descaling agents, which are often of a corrosive
nature and materials employed in the pipe system should be clearly identified before
treatment to ensure that the internal surfaces are not subject to damaging chemical attack.
d) Caution is necessary when employing the methods of clearing obstructions which involve the
use of air or water at high pressures.
e) Hand operated rods for removing blockages in discharge pipes should be capable of passing
through the system without damaging the internal surfaces of pipes and fittings.
f) Mechanized rodding equipment should only be used by properly trained operators and the
pipework to be cleared should be thoroughly examined in advance to enable selection of the
appropriate cleaning attachments.
g) In renewing paintwork care should be taken to preserve any distinguishing colours which
may have been used for identification purposes. Reference should be made to BS 1710.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Recurring scale formations of this type are best dealt with by periodic descaling of the system using
suitably inhibited acid-based cleaners. The discharge stacks and pipes should be inspected
periodically, and the rate of scale formation notes. The required frequency of treatment and the
strength of acid required to soften the scale can then be established, and it should not be necessary
to repeat the treatment more than three or four times a year.
Where lime scale encrustation in a urinal discharge pipe is very heavy, to the point of almost total
blockage, the obstruction can sometimes be softened and removed by the application of an acid mat.
It may be necessary to repeat the process to ensure that all deposits are removed.
NG.4.2.2.1 Plunger
This is a simple means of clearing a blockage in a sink or basin branch pipe and trap or even a WC.
NG.4.2.2.2 Rods
This is the traditional method of clearing blockages. A number of devices are available for the end of
the rod, for example, scrapers, plungers and brushes. These are suitable for cleaning pipes of DN 80
and larger where only moderate flexibility is required to introduce the rods into the pipework.
A stubborn blockage can, however, produce a blowback of the gun and injure the operator, or
damage pipework and appliances not designed to withstand the pressure applied. AAVs should be
removed before a kinetic ram gun is used as undue pressures and blowback may cause malfunction.
On installations where AAVs are permanently fixed, ram guns should not be used. Where there are
open branches on the system, waste matter may be forced out of the openings and damage wall and
ceiling decorations. The use of the gun on plumbing installations should be generally restricted to the
removal of blockages consisting of compacted soft material, e.g. grease, soap residue and saturated
paper.
The process involves the use of a purpose-made rotating steel cutter on a flexible drive that can be
pushed into the pipe to cut through the obstructions. Peripheral accumulations of grease and other
gelatinous formations in pipes of these sizes can generally be removed satisfactorily by the periodic
use of profile scrapers attached to ropes and pulled through the pipe.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
NG.4.2.2.5 Chemical cleaning
Details of these methods are given in Table NG.2. Attention to safety precautions is vital if injury to
the operator or damage to pipework and appliances is to be avoided.
operatives handling and using chemicals. Upon completion of the work all exposed surfaces of
sanitary appliances should be thoroughly washed, using a appropriate cleanser to remove any acid or
other chemicals which might otherwise come into contact with a person using the appliance. Adjacent
finishes and decorations may need protecting while the work is in progress.
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
Bibliography
Standards publications
Other documents
[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Regulations 1991. London: The Stationery Office.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990. London: The Stationery Office.
[3] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1999.
London: The Stationery Office.
© BSI 09-2000
BS EN |
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12056-2:2000 |
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