Gravity Drainage Systems Inside Buildings Ð: Part 2: Sanitary Pipework, Layout and Calculation

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BRITISH STANDARD |

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12056-2:2000
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Gravity drainage |
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systems inside |
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buildings Ð |
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Part 2: Sanitary pipework, layout and |
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calculation |
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The European Standard EN 12056-2:2000 has the status of a |
British Standard |
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ICS 91.140.70; 91.140.80 |
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NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12056-2:2000.
It supersedes BS 5572:1994 which is withdrawn.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee
B/505, Wastewater engineering, to Subcommittee B/505/21, Roof drainage and
sanitary pipework, which has the responsibility to:

Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;


Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on the
interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgate
them in the UK.

The national annexes are an informative element of this British Standard and
contain information provided for easier implementation of EN 12056-2:2000 in the
United Kingdom, within the framework envisaged by the scope of the European
Standard. Users are reminded that only the normative elements of the adopted
European Standard set out the provisions to which it is necessary to conform in
order to form part of a trade description when citing this British Standard by
number or when compliance with it is claimed.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request
to its secretary.
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publications
referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the
section entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using the
ªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,
pages 2 to 85 and a back cover.
The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document
was last issued.

This British Standard, having Amendments issued since publication


been prepared under the
direction of the Sector Amd. No. Date Comments
Committee for Building and Civil
Engineering, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Committee and comes into effect
on 15 September 2000

 BSI 09-2000

ISBN 0 580 36487 9


EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12056-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2000

ICS 91.140.80

English version

Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 2: Sanitary


pipework, layout and calculation

Réseaux d'évacuation gravitaire à l'intérieur des bâtiments Schwerkraftentwässerungsanlagen innerhalb von


- Partie 2: Systèmes pour les eaux usées, conception et Gebäuden - Teil 2: Schmutzwasseranlagen, Planung und
calculs Berechnung

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 October 1999.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION


COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12056-2:2000 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Page 2
EN 12056-2:2000

Foreword 5

1 Scope 6

2 Normative references 6

3 Definitions 6

3.1 General 6
3.1.1 Waste water 6
3.1.2 Domestic waste water 7
3.1.3 Trade effluent 7
3.1.4 Grey water 7
3.1.5 Black water 7
3.1.6 Rainwater 7
3.1.7 Flood level 7
3.1.8 Drainage system 7
3.1.9 Combined system 7
3.1.10 Separate system 7

3.2 Pipes and fittings 7


3.2.1 Sanitary pipework 7
3.2.2 Nominal diameter (DN) 7
3.2.3 Internal diameter (di) 7
3.2.4 External diameter (da) 7
3.2.5 Minimum internal diameter (di min) 7
3.2.6 Branch discharge pipe 7
3.2.7 Square entry 7
3.2.8 Swept entry 7
3.2.9 Connection bend 7
3.2.10 Discharge stack 7
3.2.11 Stack offset 8
3.2.12 Drain 8
3.2.13 Filling degree 8

3.3 Ventilating pipework 8


3.3.1 Ventilating pipe 8
3.3.2 Branch ventilating pipe 8
3.3.3 Stack vent 8
3.3.4 Ventilating stack 8
3.3.5 Air admittance valve 8

3.4 Appliances 8
3.4.1 Domestic sanitary appliances 8
3.4.2 Non-domestic sanitary appliances 8
3.4.3 Floor gully 8
3.4.4 Trap 8
3.4.5 Depth of water seal (H) 8

3.5 Calculation 9
3.5.1 Discharge unit (DU) 9
3.5.2 Frequency factor (K) 9
3.5.3 Waste water flow rate (Qww) 9
3.5.4 Continuous flow rate (Qc) 9
3.5.5 Pumped water flow rate (Qp) 9
3.5.6 Total flow rate (Qtot) 9

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

3.5.7 Hydraulic capacity (Qmax) 9


3.5.8 Air flow rate (Qa) 9

4 System configurations 9

4.1 General 9

4.2 System types 10

4.3 Configurations 10
4.3.1 Primary ventilated system configurations 10
4.3.2 Secondary ventilated system configurations 11
4.3.3 Unventilated discharge branch configurations 12
4.3.4 Ventilated discharge branch configurations 13

5 Layout rules 14

5.1 Compliance with European Standards 14

5.2 Protection against flooding 14

5.3 Odour 14

5.4 Trap seal 14

5.5 Reduction of nominal diameter 15

5.6 Ventilation 15

5.7 Air admittance valves 15

6 Calculation 15

6.1 General 15

6.2 Basic data 15


6.2.1 Pipe diameter 15
6.2.2 Discharge units 15
6.2.3 Discharge from non-domestic sanitary appliances 16

6.3 Calculation of flowrate 16


6.3.1 Waste water flowrate (Qww) 16
6.3.2 Frequency factor (K) 16
6.3.3 Total flowrate (Qtot) 17
6.3.4 Calculation rules 17

6.4 Layout of branches 17


6.4.1 Unventilated discharge branches 17
6.4.2 Ventilated discharge branches 19
6.4.3 Air admittance valves for branches 22

6.5 Layout of discharge stacks 22


6.5.1 Primary ventilated discharge stacks 22
6.5.2 Secondary ventilated discharge stacks 23
6.5.3 Air admittance valves for stacks 23
6.5.4 Ventilating pipework 23

6.6 Layout of drains 24

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

6.6.1 General 24

Annex A (informative) 25

A.1 National and local regulations and practice 25

Annex B (informative) 30

B.1 Capacities of drains 30

B.2 Values of waste water flow rates 30

Annex C (informative) 32

C.1 Calculation example 32

C.2 Data and parameters 32

C.3 Sum of discharge units 32

C.4 Calculation of the stack size 33

C.5 Calculation of the drain sizes 33

Annex D (informative) 35

D.1 European Standards of commonly used products and additional


European Standards in the field of waste water systems 35

© BSI 09-2000
Page 5
EN 12056-2:2000

Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 165, Waste water
engineering, the Secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2000, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2001.

This is the second part in a series of the following five parts:

Part 1: General and performance requirements;

Part 2: Sanitary pipework, layout and calculation;

Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and calculation;

Part 4: Waste water lifting plants, layout and calculation;

Part 5: Installation and testing of drainage systems, instructions for operation, maintenance and
use.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

© BSI 09-2000
Page 6
EN 12056-2:2000

1 Scope
This European Standard applies to waste water drainage systems which operate under gravity. It is
applicable for drainage systems inside dwellings, commercial, institutional and industrial buildings.

Differences in plumbing within Europe have led to a variety of systems being developed. Some of
the major systems in use are described but this standard has not attempted to detail the intricacies
of each system. Detailed information additional to that contained in this standard may be obtained
by referring to the technical documents listed in annex A.

This second part of the standard sets out principles which shall be followed for both layout and
calculation. It makes limited provision for drainage systems conveying trade effluent and also
makes limited provision for fluids removed by pumps.

All drawings in the standard are given as examples and are not intended to exclude any other
system configuration.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of publication referred to applies.

EN 12056-1: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 1: General and performance
requirements.

EN 12056-3: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 3: Roof drainage, layout and
calculation.

EN 12056-4: Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 4: Waste water lifting plants, layout
and calculation.

EN 12056-5 Gravity drainage systems inside buildings - Part 5: Installation and testing,
instructions for operation, maintenance and use.

EN 752 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings.

prEN 12380 Ventilating pipework - Air admittance valve systems (AVS).

3 Definitions
For the purpose of this European Standard, the following definitions apply.

3.1 General
3.1.1 waste water
water which is contaminated by use and all water discharging into the drainage system, e.g.
domestic and trade effluent, condensate water and also rainwater when discharged in a waste
water drainage system

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

3.1.2 domestic waste water


water which is contaminated by use and normally discharged from WC, shower, bath, bidet, wash
basin, sink, floor gully
3.1.3 trade effluent
water after industrial use and processes contaminated/polluted water including cooling water
3.1.4 grey water
waste water not containing faecal matter or urine
3.1.5 black water
waste water containing faecal matter or urine
3.1.6 rainwater
water resulting from natural precipitation that has not been deliberately contaminated
3.1.7 flood level
the maximum level to which waste water can rise within a drainage system
3.1.8 drainage system
a system composed of drainage equipment, and other components collecting waste water and
discharging by means of gravity; effluent lifting plant may be part of a gravity drainage system
3.1.9 combined system
a drainage system for both rain and waste water in a single pipe
3.1.10 separate system
a drainage system for draining rain and waste water separately by dedicated pipework

3.2 Pipes and fittings


3.2.1 sanitary pipework
arrangement of discharge pipework, with or without ventilating pipes, connected to a drainage
system

NOTE For the purposes of this standard, “pipework” include pipes and fittings.
3.2.2 nominal diameter (DN)
numerical designation of size which is a convenient round number approximately equal to the
diameter in mm
3.2.3 internal diameter (di)
mean internal diameter of the pipe barrel at any cross-section
3.2.4 external diameter (da)
mean external diameter of the pipe barrel at any cross-section
3.2.5 minimum internal diameter (di min)
smallest internal diameter allowed with maximum tolerance
3.2.6 branch discharge pipe
pipe connecting sanitary appliances to a discharge stack or drain
3.2.7 square entry
equal branch junction that is more than 45°, or has a centre line radius less than the internal pipe
diameter
3.2.8 swept entry
equal branch junction that is at 45° or less, or has a centre line radius not less than the internal pipe
diameter
3.2.9 connection bend
first fitting in direction of flow after trap outlet
3.2.10 discharge stack
main (generally vertical) pipe, conveying discharges from sanitary appliances

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

3.2.11 stack offset


non-vertical part of a discharge stack
3.2.12 drain
near horizontal pipe suspended within a building or buried in the ground to which stacks or ground
floor appliances are connected
3.2.13 filling degree
proportion of water depth (h) to the inside diameter (di)

3.3 Ventilating pipework


3.3.1 ventilating pipe
pipe provided to limit the pressure fluctuations within the discharge pipe system
3.3.2 branch ventilating pipe
ventilating pipe connected to a branch discharge pipe
3.3.3 stack vent
extension of a vertical discharge pipe above the highest branch discharge pipe connection that
terminates in an end, open to the atmosphere
3.3.4 ventilating stack
Main vertical ventilating pipe, connected to a discharge stack, to limit pressure fluctuations within
the discharge stack
3.3.5 air admittance valve
valve that allows air to enter the system but not to escape in order to limit pressure fluctuations
within the sanitary pipework

3.4 Appliances
3.4.1 domestic sanitary appliances
fixed appliances supplied with water and used cleaning or washing. For example: baths, showers,
wash basins, bidets, WCs, urinals, sinks, dishwashers, washing machines
3.4.2 non-domestic sanitary appliances
special sanitary appliances used in commercial kitchens, laundries, laboratories, hospitals, hotels,
swimming-pools, etc.
3.4.3 floor gully
discharge fitting intended to receive water from floors either through apertures in a grating or from
pipes connected to the body of the gully. A gully may include a trap
3.4.4 trap
device that prevents the passage of foul air by means of water seal
3.4.5 depth of water seal (H)
the depth of water which would have to be removed from a fully charged trap before gases and
odours at atmospheric pressure could pass through the trap shown as H in Figure 1.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 1 — Water depth in trap

3.5 Calculation
3.5.1 discharge unit (DU)
the average discharge rate of a sanitary appliance expressed in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.2 frequency factor (K)
variable to take into account the frequency of use of sanitary appliances (dimensionless)
3.5.3 waste water flow rate (Qww)
total design flow rate from sanitary appliances in a drainage system or in a part of a drainage
system in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.4 continuous flow rate (Qc)
flow rate of all continuous flows, e.g. cooling water, etc., in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.5 pumped water flow rate (Qp)
discharge rate of waste water pumps in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.6 total flow rate (Qtot)
the total flow rate is the sum of the waste water flow rate (Qww) and continuous flow rate (Qc) and
pumped water flow rate (Qp), in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.7 hydraulic capacity (Qmax)
maximum flow rate of water permitted in a branch, stack or drain in litres per second (l/s)
3.5.8 air flow rate (Qa)
minimum flow rate of air through a ventilating pipe or air admittance valve, measured at
250 Pascal (Pa) pressure drop, in litres per second (l/s)

4 System configurations

4.1 General
There are many types of waste water drainage systems in use today. These have developed as a
result of differences in the type and use of sanitary appliances in different countries and also
different, justifiable technical traditions.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

4.2 System types


The systems may be divided into four system types, although there are variations in detail within
each system type [hence the need to refer to the national and local regulations and practice listed in
annex A (informative)].

System I Single discharge stack system with partly filled branch discharge pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to partly filled branch discharge pipes. The partly
filled branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 0.5 (50 %) and are
connected to a single discharge stack.

System II Single discharge stack system with small bore discharge branch pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to small bore branch discharge pipes. The small
bore branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 0.7 (70 %) and are
connected to a single discharge stack.

System III Single discharge stack system with full bore branch discharge pipes
Sanitary appliances are connected to full bore branch discharge pipes. The full bore
branch discharge pipes are designed with a filling degree of 1.0 (100 %) and each
branch discharge pipe is separately connected to a single discharge stack.

System IV Separate discharge stack system


Drainage systems type I, II and III may also be divided into a black water stack serving
WC’s and urinals and a grey water stack serving all other appliances.

4.3 Configurations
Each system may be configured in a number of ways, governed by the need to control pressure in
the pipework in order to prevent foul air from the waste water system entering the building. The
principal configurations are described below but combinations and variations are often required.

4.3.1 Primary ventilated system configurations


Control of pressure in the discharge stack is achieved by air flow in the discharge stack and the
stack vent (see Figure 2). Alternatively, air admittance valves may be used.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 2 — Primary ventilated system configurations

Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
8 Drain
9 Stack vent

4.3.2 Secondary ventilated system configurations


Control of pressure in the discharge stack is achieved by use of separate ventilating stacks and/or
secondary branch ventilating pipes in connection with stack vents (see Figure 3).

Alternatively, air admittance valves may be used.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 3 — Secondary ventilated system configurations

Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
8 Drain
9 Stack vent
10 Ventilating stack
11 Branch ventilating pipe
12 Urinal

4.3.3 Unventilated discharge branch configurations


Control of pressure in the discharge branch is achieved by air flow in the discharge branch (see
Figure 4).

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 4 — Unventilated discharge branch configuration

Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
4 Floor gully
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
9 Stack vent

4.3.4 Ventilated discharge branch configurations


Control of pressure in the discharge branch is achieved by ventilation of the discharge branch (see
Figure 5). Alternatively, air admittance valves may be used.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 5 — Ventilated discharge branch configurations

Legend: 1 Bath
2 Wash basin
3 WC
5 Air admittance valve
6 Stack
7 Branch discharge pipe
9 Stack vent
10 Ventilating stack
11 Branch ventilating pipe

5 Layout rules

5.1 Compliance with European Standards


Appliances, pipes and fittings shall comply with relevant European Standards where applicable.
European Standards of commonly used products are listed in annex D.

5.2 Protection against flooding


Drainage shall be provided for all water supply points inside a building.

5.3 Odour
Appliances connected to the drainage system shall be installed with a trap to prevent escape of foul
air into the building.

5.4 Trap seal


The depth of water seal (H) shall be not less than 50 mm.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

5.5 Reduction of nominal diameter


The nominal diameter (DN) of discharge pipes shall not be reduced in the direction of flow.

5.6 Ventilation
Sanitary pipework is often used to ventilate the external drain or sewer system. Therefore care
should be taken to ensure that open vents are installed as necessary.

5.7 Air admittance valves


Where air admittance valves are used to vent drainage systems they shall comply with prEN 12380
and shall be sized in accordance with Table 10 for branches and Table 11 and for stacks
respectively.

6 Calculation

6.1 General
The following calculation method is valid for all gravity drainage systems conveying domestic waste
water. Systems conveying trade effluents, e.g. drainage from swimming pools and industrial
buildings should be calculated individually.

6.2 Basic data


The following data is the basis for the calculation method.
6.2.1 Pipe diameter
All capacities given in this part are based on the minimum internal diameters shown in Table 1.

Table 1 — Nominal diameters (DN) and related minimum internal diameters (di min)

Nominal Minimum
diameter internal
diameter
DN di min
mm
30 26
40 34
50 44
56 49
60 56
70 68
80 75
90 79
100 96
125 113
150 146
200 184
225 207
250 230
300 290

6.2.2 Discharge units


Discharge units of a variety of sanitary appliances are given in Table 2. The values are given only
for the purpose of calculation and are not related to discharge rates of sanitary appliances quoted in
product standards.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 2 — Discharge units (DU)

Appliance System I System II System III System IV


DU DU DU DU
l/s l/s l/s l/s
Wash basin, bidet 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3
Shower without plug 0,6 0,4 0,4 0,4
Shower with plug 0,8 0,5 1,3 0,5
Single urinal with cistern 0,8 0,5 0,4 0,5
Urinal with flushing valve 0,5 0,3 - 0,3
Slab urinal 0,2* 0,2* 0,2* 0,2*
Bath 0,8 0,6 1,3 0,5
Kitchen sink 0,8 0,6 1,3 0,5
Dishwasher (household) 0,8 0,6 0,2 0,5
Washing machine up to 6 kg 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,5
Washing machine up to 12 kg 1,5 1,2 1,2 1,0
WC with 4,0 l cistern ** 1,8 ** **
WC with 6,0 l cistern 2,0 1,8 1,2 to 1,7*** 2,0
WC with 7,5 l cistern 2,0 1,8 1,4 to 1,8*** 2,0
WC with 9,0 l cistern 2,5 2,0 1,6 to 2,0*** 2,5
Floor gully DN 50 0,8 0,9 - 0,6
Floor gully DN 70 1,5 0,9 - 1,0
Floor gully DN 100 2,0 1,2 - 1,3
* Per person.
** Not permitted.
*** Depending upon type (valid for WC’s with siphon flush cistern only).
- Not used or no data.

6.2.3 Discharge from non-domestic sanitary appliances


Discharges from non-domestic sanitary appliances (e.g. commercial kitchen) should be determined
individually.

6.3 Calculation of flowrate


6.3.1 Waste water flowrate (Qww)
Qww is the expected flowrate of waste water in a part or in the whole drainage system where only
domestic sanitary appliances (see Table 2) are connected to the system.

Qww = K å DU
where:
Qww = Waste water flowrate (l/s)
K = Frequency factor
SDU = Sum of discharge units

6.3.2 Frequency factor (K)


Typical frequency factors associated with different usage of appliances are given in Table 3.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 3 — Typical frequency factors (K)

Usage of appliances K
Intermittent use, e.g. in dwelling, guesthouse, office 0,5
Frequent use, e.g. in hospital, school, restaurant, hotel 0,7
Congested use, e.g. in toilets and/or showers open to public 1,0
Special use, e.g. laboratory 1,2

6.3.3 Total flowrate (Qtot)


Qtot is the design flowrate in a part or in the whole drainage system where sanitary appliances,
appliances with continuous flow and/or waste water pumps are connected to the system.

Continuous flows and pump discharge rates shall be added to the waste water flowrate without any
reduction.

Qtot = Qww + Qc + Qp
where:
Qtot = Total flowrate (l/s)
Qww = Waste water flowrate (l/s)
Qc = Continuous flowrate (l/s)
Qp = Pumped water flowrate (l/s)

6.3.4 Calculation rules


The pipe capacity (Qmax) shall be at least the larger of:

a) the calculated waste water flowrate (Qww) or total flowrate (Qtot); or

b) the flowrate of the appliance with the largest discharge unit (see Table 2).

For convenience some values of Qww or Qtot calculated for different frequency factors (K) and sums
of discharge units (DU) are tabulated in annex B.

6.4 Layout of branches


6.4.1 Unventilated discharge branches
Sizes and limitations upon the use of unventilated discharge branches are given in Tables 4 and 5.
Where the limitations cannot be met, discharge branches shall be ventilated, unless national and
local regulations and practice allow the use of larger pipe sizes or air admittance valves. Limitations
given in Table 5 are simplifications. For further information see national and local regulations and
practice.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 4 — Hydraulic capacity (Qmax) and nominal diameter (DN)

Qmax System I System II System III System IV


l/s DN DN DN DN
0,40 * 30 30
0,50 40 40 40
0,80 50 * *
1,00 60 50 see 50
1,50 70 60 Table 6 60
2,00 80** 70** 70**
2,25 90*** 80**** 80****
2,50 100 90 100
* Not permitted. *** Not more than two WC’s and a total
change in directions of not more
than 90°.
** No WC’s. **** Not more than one WC.

Table 5 — Limitations

Limitations System I System II System III System IV


Maximum length (L) of pipe 4,0 m 10,0 m 10,0 m
Maximum number of 90° bends 3* 1* see 3*
Maximum drop (H) 1,0 m **6,0 m DN > 70 Table 6 1,0 m
(45° or more inclination) **3,0 m DN = 70
Minimum gradient 1% 1,5 % 1%
* Connection bend not included.
** If DN < 100 mm and a WC is connected to the branch no other appliances can be
connected more than 1 m above the connection to a ventilated system.

1 Connecting bend 2 Stack 3 Branch ventilating pipe

Figure 6 — Limitations for unventilated discharge branches in system I, II, IV

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 6 — Limitations for unventilated branch-discharge-pipes, system III

Appliance Diameter Min. trap Max. length Pipe Max. Max. drop
seal depth (L) of pipe gradient number of (H)
from trap bends
outlet to
stack
DN mm m % No. m
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 1,7 2,2 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 1,1 4,4 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
1)
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 0,7 8,7 0 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
Washbasin, bidet 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 4,4 2 0
(30 mm diameter trap)
2)
Shower, bath 40 50 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
3) 4)
Bowl urinal 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
3) 4)
Trough urinal 50 75 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
5) 3) 4)
Slab urinal 60 50 3,0 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
2)
Kitchen sink 40 75 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
(40 mm diameter trap)
Household dishwasher 40 75 3,0 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 1,5
or washing machine
4)
WC with outlet up to 75 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6)
80 mm
4)
WC with outlet greater 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6)
than 80 mm
7) 8) 3) 4)
Food waste disposal 40 Min. 75 3,0 13,5 Min. No Limit 1,5
8) 3) 4)
Sanitary towel 40 Min. 75 3,0 5,4 Min. No Limit 1,5
disposal unit
3)
Floor drain 50 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
3)
Floor drain 70 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
3)
Floor drain 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
4 basins 50 75 4,0 1,8 to 4,4 0 0
8) 3) 4)
Bowl urinals 50 75 No Limit 1,8 to 9,0 No Limit 1,5
6)
Maximum of 8 WC’s 100 50 15,0 0,9 to 9,0 2 1,5
3) 4)
Up to 5 spray tap 30 Max. 50 4,5 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
9)
basins
1) Steeper gradient permitted if pipe is less than maximum permitted length.
2) If length is greater than 3 m noisy discharge may result with an increased risk of blockage.
3) Should be as short as possible to limit problems with deposition.
4) Sharp throated bend should be avoided.
5) For slab urinal for up to 7 persons. Longer slabs to have more than one outlet.
6) Swept-entry branches serving WC’s.
7) Includes small potato-peeling machines.
8) Tubular not bottle or resealing traps.
9) Spray tap basin shall have flush-grated wastes without plugs.

6.4.2 Ventilated discharge branches


Sizes and limitations upon the use of ventilated discharge branches are given in Table 7 and 8.
Limitations given in Table 8 are simplifications, for further information see national and local
regulations and practice.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 7 — Hydraulic capacity (Qmax) and nominal diameter (DN)

Qmax System I System II System III System IV


l/s DN DN DN DN
Branch/Vent Branch/Vent Branch/Vent Branch/Vent
0,60 * 30/30 30/30
0,75 50/40 40/30 40/30
1,50 60/40 50/30 50/30
2,25 70/50 60/30 see 60/30
3,00 80/50** 70/40** Table 6 70/40**
3,40 90/60*** 80/40**** 80/40****
3,75 100/60 90/50 90/50
* Not permitted. *** Not more than two WC’s and a total
change in directions of not more
than 90°.
** No WC’s. **** Not more than one WC.

Table 8 — Limitations

Limitations System I System II System III System IV


Maximum length (L) of pipe 10,0 m No Limit 10,0 m
Maximum number of 90° No Limit No Limit see No Limit
bends*
Maximum drop (H) 3,0 m 3,0 m Table 9 3,0 m
(45° or more inclination)
Minimum gradient 0,5 % 1,5 % 0,5 %
* Connection bend not included.

1 Connection bend 2 Stack


3 Branch discharge pipe 4 Branch ventilating pipe

Figure 7 — Limitations for ventilated discharge branches in system I, II and IV

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 9 — Limitations for ventilated branch discharge pipes in system III

Appliance Diameter Min. trap Max. length Pipe Max. Max. drop
seal depth (L) of pipe gradient number of (H)
from trap bends
outlet to
stack
DN mm m % No. m
Washbasin, bidet 30 75 3,0 1,8 Min. 2 3,0
(30 mm diameter trap)
Washbasin, bidet 40 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
(30 mm diameter trap)
2)
Shower, bath 40 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3) 4)
Bowl urinal 40 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
3) 4)
Trough urinal 50 75 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
5) 3) 4)
Slab urinal 60 50 3,0 1,8 Min. No Limit 3,0
2)
Kitchen sink 40 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
(40 mm diameter trap)
3)
Household dishwasher 40 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
or washing machine
4)
WC with outlet up to 75 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6) and 14)
80 mm
4)
WC with outlet greater 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit 1,5
6) and 14)
than 80 mm
7) 8) 3) 4)
Food waste disposal 40 Min. 75 3,0 13,5 Min. No Limit 3,0
8) 3) 4)
Sanitary towel 40 Min. 75 3,0 5,4 Min. No Limit 3,0
disposal unit
3)
Bath drain, floor drain 50 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3)
Floor drain 70 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
3)
Floor drain 100 50 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
9) 2)
5 basins 50 75 7,0 1,8 to 4,4 0
9 )and 10)
10 basins 50 75 10,0 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
9) and 11) 3) 4)
Bowl urinals 50 75 No Limit 1,8 Min. No Limit No Limit
6)
More than 8 WC’s 100 50 No Limit 0,9 Min. No Limit No Limit
3) 4)
Up to 5 spray-tap 30 Max. 50 No Limit 1,8 to 4,4 No Limit 0
12)
basins
1) For maximum distance from trap to vent; see Figure 8.
2) If length is greater than 3 m, noisy discharge may result with an increased risk of blockage.
3) Should be as short as possible to limit problems with deposition.
4) Sharp throated bends should be avoided.
5) For slab urinal for up to 7 persons. Longer slabs to have more than one outlet.
6) Swept-entry branches serving WC’s.
7) Includes small potato-peeling machines.
8) Tubular not bottle or resealing traps.
9) See Figure 9.
10) Every basin shall be individually ventilated.
11) Any number.
12) Spray tap basins shall have flush-grated wastes without plugs.
13) The size of ventilating pipes to branches from appliances can be DN 25 but, if they are longer than 15 m or contain
more than five bends, a DN 30 pipe shall be used.
14) If the connection of the ventilating pipe is liable to blockage due to repeated splashing or submergence, it should be
DN 50, up to 50 mm above the spill-over level of the appliance.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Figure 8 — Boundary conditions for ventilated discharge branches in


system III with a gradient of 1,8 to 4,4 %

Figure 9 — Boundary conditions for ventilated discharge branches in


system III with vent of 25 mm min

6.4.3 Air admittance valves for branches


Where air admittance valves are used to vent branches or appliances they shall comply with
prEN 12380 and shall be sized in accordance with Table 10.

Table 10 — Minimum air flow rates for air admittance valves in branches

System Qa
l/s
I 1 ´ Qtot
II 2 ´ Qtot
III 2 ´ Qtot
IV 1 ´ Qtot
Qa = Minimum air flow rate
in litres per second (l/s).
Qtot = Total flow rate in litres
per second (l/s).

6.5 Layout of discharge stacks


6.5.1 Primary ventilated discharge stacks
Sizes and limitations of primary ventilated discharge stacks are given in Table 11.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table 11 — Hydraulic capacity (Qmax) and nominal diameter (DN)

Stack System I, II, III, IV


and
stack vent Qmax (l/s)
DN Square Swept
entries entries
60 0,5 0,7
70 1,5 2,0
80* 2,0 2,6
90 2,7 3,5
100** 4,0 5,2
125 5,8 7,6
150 9,5 12,4
200 16,0 21,0
* Minimum size where WC’s are
connected in system II.
** Minimum size where WC’s are
connected in system I, III, IV.

6.5.2 Secondary ventilated discharge stacks


Sizes and limitations of secondary ventilated discharge stacks are given in Table 12.

Table 12 — Hydraulic capacity (Qmax) and nominal diameter (DN)

Stack Secondary System I, II, III, IV


and vent
stack vent Qmax (l/s)
DN DN Square Swept
entries entries
60 50 0,7 0,9
70 50 2,0 2,6
80* 50 2,6 3,4
90 50 3,5 4,6
100** 50 5,6 7,3
125 70 7,6 10,0
150 80 12.4 18,3
200 100 21,0 27,3
* Minimum size where WC’s are connected in system II.
** Minimum size where WC’s are connected in
system I, III, IV.

6.5.3 Air admittance valves for stacks


Where air admittance valves are used to ventilate stacks they shall comply with prEN 12380 and
shall be sized with Qa not less than 8 ´ Qtot.
6.5.4 Ventilating pipework
Stack vents, ventilating stacks or ventilating branch pipes shall be increased in size if they are long
or have many bends. For further information, see national and local regulations and practice.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

6.6 Layout of drains


6.6.1 General
The capacity of drains should be calculated using any established hydraulic formula, using tables or
*
charts as convenient. However, in cases of dispute the Colebrook-White equation , shall be used.

For convenience drain capacities calculated using the Colebrook-White equation are given in
annex B (informative).

For buried drains outside of buildings, refer to EN 752.

* The Colebrook-White equation is also known as the Prandtl-Colebrook equation.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Annex A (informative)

A.1 National and local regulations and practice

The following documents contain details which should be considered within the framework of this
standard. This list was correct at the time of publication of this standard but should not be
considered to be exhaustive. Users of this standard should check for the latest applicable.

Austria

ÖNORM B 2501 "Entwässerungsanlagen für Gebäude und Grundstücke; Bestimmungen für


Planung und Ausführung"

ÖNORM B 2506-1 "Regenwasser-Sickeranlagen für Abläufe von Dachflächen und befestigten


Flächen – Teil 1: Anwendung, hydraulische Bemessung, Bau und Betrieb"

ÖWAV Regelblatt 5 "Richtlinien für die hydraulische Berechnung von Abwasserkanälen"

ÖWAV Regelblatt 11 " Richtlinien für die abwassertechnische Berechnung von Schmutz-, Regen-
und Mischwasserkanälen"

Belgium

According to the Royal Decree of 24.06.1988 on the municipalities, drainage installations inside
buildings are of the competence of the municipalities. Drainage systems have thus to comply with
the municipal regulations.

Only drainage system I shall be used.


If authorized by the local regulations, only class A I-air admittance valves can be used.

Denmark

Bygningsreglement BR 1995. Udgivet af By- og Boligministeriet.


Danish Building Regulation BR 1995. Published by the National Building and Housing Agency.
available from Schultz Information
Herstedvang 10
DK-2620 Albertslund
Telefon: + 45 43 63 23 00
Telefax: + 45 43 63 19 69

DS 432:1994 Norm for afløbsinstallationer.


DS 432:1994 Code of Practice for sanitary drainage - Waste water installations.

DS 432:1995/Ret.1 Norm for afløbsinstallationer.


DS 432:1995/Corr.1 Code of Practice for sanitary drainage - Waste water installations.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

France

Règlement sanitaire départemental, titre III "Locaux d'habitation et assimilés" (circulaire du 9 août
1978 modifiée par les circulaires des 26 avril 1982, 20 janvier 1983, 18 mai 1984, 31 juillet 1995, 22
mai 1997).

Germany

National regulations require drainage system I to be used.


For EN 12056-1 refer to DIN 1986-1 and -2, DIN EN 1610 and DIN 18381.
For EN 12056-2 refer to DIN 1986-1 and -2, DIN EN 1610 and DIN 18381.
For EN 12056-3 refer to DIN 1986-1 and -2, DIN EN 1610 and DIN 18381.
For EN 12056-4 refer to DIN 1986-1 and -2 and DIN EN 12050-1 to -4.
For EN 12056-5 refer to DIN 1986-1 and -2 and DIN EN 1610 and DIN 18381.

Ireland

National Regulations: Building Regulations 1997 Technical Guidance Document H Drainage and
Waste Water Disposal.

Local Regulations: Local Authorities have different requirements concerning the use of types of
drainage systems, and the use of air admittance valves. Drainage System No 1 is the accepted
method of gravity drainage inside buildings in Ireland.

Italy

LEGGE m.319 (Legge Merli) 10-05-76


Norme per la tutela delle acque dall'inquinamento coordinate con le modifiche ed integrazioni
apportate dalla Legge 8/10/1976 n.690, dalla Legge 24/12/1979, n.650, dalla Legge 23/4/1981,
n.153. G.U. n.48 del 21/2/1977

Decreto Legge n. 544, 10-08-76


Proroga dei termini di cui agli articoli 15, 17 e 18 della Legge 319 (Legge Merli) del 10/5/1976,
recante G.U. n.211 dell'11/8/1976

Delibera MINISTERO LL.PP. COMITATO MINISTRI TUTELA ACQUE, 4-02-77


Criteri, metodoligie e norme tecniche generali di cui all'Art. 2 lettera b), d), e) della legge 319 (Legge
Merli) del 10/5/1976, recante norme per la tutela delle acque dall'inquinamento

Decreto Legge n.467, 24-09-79


Proroga dei termini ed integrazioni delle Leggi 171 del 16/4/1973 e 319 (Legge Merli) del 10/5/1976,
in materia di tutela delle acque dallo inquinamento, G.U. n.263 del 25/9/1979

LEGGE n.650, 24-12-79


Integrazioni e modifiche delle Leggi n.171 del 16/4/1973 e n.319 del 10/5/1976 (Legge Merli) in
materia di tutela delle acque dall'inquinamento, G.U. n.352 del 29/12/1979

Decreto Legge n.620, 4-11-81


Provvedimento urgenti in materia di tutela delle acque dallo inquinamento, G.U. n.303 del
4/11/1981

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

LEGGE n.62, 5-03-82


Conversione in legge, con modificazioni, del D.L. 30/12/1981 n. 801 concernente provvedimenti
urgenti in materia di tutela delle acque dallo inquinamento, G.U. n.63 del 5/3/1982

Circolare n.3035/SI/AC del MINISTERO DELL'AMBIENTE, 27-07-87


Indagine sugli impianti di depurazione delle acque reflue, G.U. n.183 del 7/8/1987

Decreto Legislativo n.132, 27-01-92


Attuazione della direttiva CEE n.80/68 concernente la protezione delle acque sotterranee
dall'inquinamento provocato da alcune sostanze pericolose, Suppl. Ord. n.24 alla G.U. n.41 del
19/2/1992

Decreto n.309 del PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA, 27-07-87


Regolamento per l'organizzazione del Servizio per la tutela delle acque, la disciplina dei rifiuti, il
risanamento del suolo e la prevenzione dell'inquinamento di natura fisica e del Servizio per
l'inquinamento acustico, atmosferico e per le industrie a rischo del Ministero dell'ambiente, G.U.
n.136 dell'11/6/1992

Decreto Legge n.454, 15-11-93


Modifica alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.268 del 15/11/1993

Decreto Legge n.31, 14-01-94


Modifica alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.13 del 18/1/1994

Decreto Legge n.177, 17-03-94


Modifiche alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.64 del 18/3/1994

Decreto Legge n.292, 16-05-94


Modifiche alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.114 del 18/5/1994

Decreto Legge n.449, 15-07-94


Modifiche alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, nonché riorganizzazione degli organi collegiali del Ministero
dell'Ambiente, G.U. n.166 del 18/7/1994

Decreto Legge n.537, 17-09-94


Modifiche alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.218 del 17/9/1994

Decreto Legge n.629, 16-11-94


Modifica alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.269 del 17/11/1994

Decreto Legge n.9, 16-01-95


Modifica alla disciplina degli scarichi delle pubbliche fognature e degli insediamenti civili che non
recapitano in pubbliche fognature, G.U. n.12 del 16/1/1995

LEGGE n.135, 23-05-97


Conversione in Legge, con modificazioni, del Decreto Legge 25 marzo 1997, n.67, recante
disposizioni urgenti per favorire l'occupazione, G.U. n.119 del 24/5/1997

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Netherlands

NEN 3215 Binnenriolering in woningen en woongebouwen - mei 1997


Eisen en bepalingsmethoden
Sewerage inside dwellings - Requirements and determination methods

NTR 3216 Binnenriolering - Richtlijn voor ontwerp en uitvoering


Sewerage inside dwellings - Guideline for design and installation

Sweden

Boverkets Byggregler BBR 94


Swedish Building Regulations 94 with mandatory provisions and general advisory notes

Boverkets Författningssamling BFS 1993:57, kapitel 6: Hygien, hälsa och miljö


Code of Statutes 1993:57 of the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning,
chapter 6: Hygiene, Health and Environment

VA-handboken 10- Vatten och avlopp (Svensk Byggtjänst)


Water Supply and Sewer System Handbook 10 (Svensk Byggtjänst)

Switzerland

1. National regulations require drainage system I to be used.


2. The permission of air admittance valves is subject to local bodies.
3. Swiss standard SN 592000 is applicable for all layout rules which are not contained in
EN 12056 Parts 1 to 5.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

United Kingdom

1. Building Regulations 1991; Approved Document H


available from Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR)
HMSO Publications Centre
PO Box 276
London
SW8 5DT
Great Britain
Telephone: + 44 171 873 9090
Telefax: + 44 171 873 8200

2. Technical Standards for Compliance with the Building Standards


(Scotland) Regulations 1990; Part M: Drainage and sanitary facilities.
available from Scottish Office (SO)
New St Andrew's House
Edinburgh
EH1 3TG
Great Britain
Telephone: + 44 131 244 4553

3. The Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1994; Technical booklet N: Drainage.


available from Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland (DON)
c/o HMSO Bookshops
16 Arthur Street
Belfast
BT1 4GD
Great Britain
Telephone: + 44 1232 238451
Telefax: + 44 1232 235401

4. National annexes to BS EN 12056-2

5. National annexes to BS EN 12056-3

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Annex B (informative)

B.1 Capacities of drains


For convenience, drain capacities calculated from Colebrook-White formula using an effective
-6 2
roughness of kb = 1,0 mm and clean water with a viscosity of n = 1,31 ´ 10 m /s are listed in
Tables B.1 and B.2.

Table B.1 — Capacity of drains, filling degree 50 %, (h/d = 0,5)

Slope DN DN DN DN DN DN DN
100 125 150 200 225 250 300
i Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v
cm/m L/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s
0,50 1,8 0,5 2,8 0,5 5,4 0,6 10,0 0,8 15,9 0,8 18,9 0,9 34,1 1,0
1,00 2,5 0,7 4,1 0,8 7,7 0,9 14,2 1,1 22,5 1,2 26,9 1,2 48,3 1,4
1,50 3,1 0,8 5,0 1,0 9,4 1,1 17,4 1,3 27,6 1,5 32,9 1,5 59,2 1,8
2,00 3,5 1,0 5,7 1,1 10,9 1,3 20,1 1,5 31,9 1,7 38,1 1,8 68,4 2,0
2,50 4,0 1,1 6,4 1,2 12,2 1,5 22,5 1,7 35,7 1,9 42,6 2,0 76,6 2,3
3,00 4,4 1,2 7,1 1,4 13,3 1,6 24,7 1,9 389,2 2,1 46,7 2,2 83,9 2,5
3,50 4,7 1,3 7,6 1,5 14,4 1,7 26,6 2,0 42,3 2,2 50,4 2,3 90,7 2,7
4,00 5,0 1,4 8,2 1,6 15,4 1,8 28,5 2,1 45,2 2,4 53,9 2,5 96,9 2,9
4,50 5,3 1,5 8,7 1,7 16,3 2,0 30,2 2,3 48,0 2,5 57,2 2,7 102,8 3,1
5,00 5,6 1,6 9,1 1,8 17,2 2,1 31,9 2,4 50,6 2,7 60,3 2,8 108,4 3,2

Table B.2 — Capacity of drains, filling degree 70 %, (h/d = 0,7)

Slope DN DN DN DN DN DN DN
100 125 150 200 225 250 300
i Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v Qmax v
cm/m l/s m/ l/s m/ l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s l/s m/s
s s
0,50 2,9 0,5 4,8 0,6 9,0 0,7 16,7 0,8 26,5 0,9 31,6 1,0 56,8 1,1
1,00 4,2 0,8 6,8 0,9 12,8 1,0 23,7 1,2 37,6 1,3 44,9 1,4 80,6 1,6
1,50 5,1 1,0 8,3 1,1 15,7 1,3 29,1 1,5 46,2 1,6 55,0 1,7 98,8 2,0
2,00 5,9 1,1 9,6 1,2 18,2 1,5 33,6 1,7 53,3 1,9 63,6 2,0 114,2 2,3
2,50 6,7 1,2 10,8 1,4 20,3 1,6 37,6 1,9 59,7 2,1 71,1 2,2 127,7 2,6
3,00 7,3 1,3 11,8 1,5 22,3 1,8 41,2 2,1 65,4 2,3 77,9 2,4 140,0 2,8
3,50 7,9 1,5 12,8 1,6 24,1 1,9 44,5 2,2 70,6 2,5 84,2 2,6 151,2 3,0
4,00 8,4 1,6 13,7 1,8 25,8 2,1 47,6 2,4 75,5 2,7 90,0 2,8 161,7 3,2
4,50 8,9 1,7 14,5 1,9 27,3 2,2 50,5 2,5 80,1 2,8 95,5 3,0 171,5 3,4
5,00 9,4 1,7 15,3 2,0 28,8 2,3 53,3 2,7 84,5 3,0 100,7 3,1 180,8 3,6

where:
Qmax = Capacity of drains (l/s)
v = Velocity (m/s)

B.2 Values of waste water flow rates


Waste water flow rates are listed in Table B.3. The values are calculated using the equation
in 6.3.1.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Table B.3 — Waste water flow rates (Qww)

Sum of K K K K
discharge 0,5 0,7 1,0 1,2
units
SDU Qww Qww Qww Qww
l/s l/s l/s l/s
10 1,6 2,2 3,2 3,8
12 1,7 2,4 3,5 4,2
14 1,9 2,6 3,7 4,5
16 2,0 2,8 4,0 4,8
18 2,1 3,0 4,2 5,1
20 2,2 3,1 4,5 5,4
25 2,5 3,5 5,0 6,0
30 2,7 3,8 5,5 6,6
35 3,0 4,1 5,9 7,1
40 3,2 4,4 6,3 7,6
45 3,4 4,7 6,7 8,0
50 3,5 4,9 7,1 8,5
60 3,9 5,4 7,7 9,3
70 4,2 5,9 8,4 10,0
80 4,5 6,3 8,9 10,7
90 4,7 6,6 9,5 11,4
100 5,0 7,0 10,0 12,0
110 5,2 7,3 10,5 12,6
120 5,5 7,7 11,0 13,1
130 5,7 8,0 11,4 13,7
140 5,9 8,3 11,8 14,2
150 6,1 8,6 12,2 14,7
160 6,3 8,9 12,6 15,2
170 6,5 9,1 13,0 15,6
180 6,7 9,4 13,4 16,1
190 6,9 9,6 13,8 16,5
200 7,6 9,9 14,1 17,0
220 7,4 10,4 14,8 17,8
240 7,7 10,8 15,5 18,6
260 8,1 11,3 16,1 19,3
280 8,4 11,7 16,7 20,1
300 8,7 12,1 17,3 20,8
320 8,9 12,5 17,9 21,5
340 9,2 12,9 18,4 22,1
360 9,5 13,3 19,0 22,8
380 9,7 13,6 19,5 23,4
400 10,0 14,0 20,0 24,0

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Annex C (informative)

C.1 Calculation example


Calculation of the size of the discharge stacks and the drain shown in Figure C.1.

C.2 Data and parameters


Basement: 1

Floors: 3

Apartments: 12 (4 on each Floor, 6 on each stack)

Laundry: in basement

Discharge Units: System I

Frequency factor (K) 0,5

Stacks: 2 (square-entries)

Drain: 1 slope = 2 %, filling-degree = 0,5.

C.3 Sum of discharge units

5DU) of one apartment


Table C.1 — Sum of discharge units (5

Appliance Amount DU 5DU


WC (7,5 l) 2 2.0 4,0
Wash basin 3 0,5 1,5
Bath 1 0,8 0,8
Shower (no plug) 1 0,6 0,6
Kitchen sink 1 0,8 0,8
Dishwasher 1 0,8 0,8
Total 8,5

5DU) in the laundry


Table C.2 — Sum of discharge units (5

Appliance Amount DU 5DU


Washing machine 6 kg 2 0,8 1,6
Wash basin 2 0,5 1,0
Total 2,6

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

C.4 Calculation of the stack size


6 apartments with 8,5 DU each = 51,0 DU

Qww = 0,5 ´ 51,0 = 3,6 l/s

The nominal diameter of the stack is (Table 11) = DN 100

Both stacks are of the same size.

C.5 Calculation of the drain sizes


Section A
Qww as calculated in C.4 = 3,6 l/s
according to Table B.1, the nominal diameter of the drain is = DN 125

Section B
Qww = 0,5 ´ 51,0 + 2,6(Laundry ) = 0,5 ´ 53,6 = 3,7 l/s
according toT B.1, the nominal diameter of the drain is still = DN 125

Section C
Qww = 0,5 ´ 51,0 + 2,6 + 51,0 = 0,5 ´ 104,6 = 5,1 l/s
according to Table B.1, the nominal diameter of the drain is still = DN 125

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Legend:

Shower

Bath
Wash basin

WC
Sink

Washing machine or dishwasher

Sink for laundry

Figure C.1 — Illustration of calculation example

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

Annex D (informative)

D.1 European Standards of commonly used products and additional European


Standards in the field of waste water systems

EN 31 Pedestal wash basins - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 32 Wall hung wash basins - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 33 Pedestal WC pans with close-coupled flushing cistern - Connecting dimensions.

EN 34 Wall hung WC pan with close coupled cistern - Connecting dimensions.

EN 35 Pedestal bidets over-rim supply only - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 36 Wall-hung bidets with over-rim supply - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 37 Pedestal WC pans with independent water supply - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 80 Wall-hung urinals - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 111 Wall-hung hand rinse basins- Connecting dimensions.

EN 198 Specification for finished baths for domestic purposes made of acrylic material.

EN 232 Baths - Connecting dimensions.

prEN 249 Specification for shower trays for domestic purposes made of acrylic materials.

EN 251 Shower trays - Connecting dimensions.

EN 263 Specification for cast acrylic sheet for baths and shower trays for domestic purposes.

EN 274 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for basins, bidets and baths - General technical specifications.

EN 295-1 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 1: Requirements
(includes Amendment A1:1996 and Amendment A2:1996) 295-1:1991 + A1:1996 + A2:1996.

EN 295-2 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 2: Quality control and
sampling.

EN 295-3 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 3: Test methods.

EN 295-4 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 4: Requirements for
special fittings, adaptors and compatible accessories.

EN 295-6 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 6: Requirements for
vitrified clay manholes.

EN 295-7 Vitrified clay pipes and fittings and pipe joints for drains and sewers - Part 7: Requirements for
vitrified clay pipes and joints for pipe jacking.

EN 329 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for shower trays - General technical specifications.

EN 411 Sanitary tapware - Waste fittings for sinks - General technical specifications.

EN 545 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for water pipelines - Requirements and
test methods.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

EN 588-1 Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains - Part 1: Pipes, joints and fittings for gravity systems.

prEN 588-2 Fibre-cement pipes for sewers and drains - Part 2: Manholes and inspection chambers.

EN 598 Ductile iron pipes, fittings, accessories and their joints for sewerage application - Requirements
and test methods.

EN 681-1 Elastomeric seals - Material requirements for pipe joint seals used in water and drainage
applications - Part 1: Vulcanized rubber.

EN 695 Kitchen sinks - Connecting dimensions.

EN 752-1 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 1: Generalities and definitions.

EN 752-2 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 2: Performance requirements.

EN 752-3 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 3: Planning.

EN 752-4 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 4: Hydraulic design and environmental
considerations.

EN 752-5 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 5: Rehabilitation.

EN 752-6 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 6: Pumping installation.

EN 752-7 Drain and sewer systems outside buildings - Part 7: Maintenance and operations.

EN 773 General requirements for components used in hydraulically pressurized discharge pipes, drains
and sewers.

EN 858-1 Installations for separation of light liquids (e.g. oil and petrol) - Part 1: Principles of design,
performance and testing, marking and quality control.

EN 877 Cast iron pipes and fittings, their joints and accessories for the evacuation of water from
buildings - Requirements, test methods and quality assurance.

EN 1123-1 Pipes and fittings of longitudinally welded hot-dip galvanized steel pipes with spigot and socket
for waste water systems - Part 1: Requirements, testing, quality control.

EN 1124-1 Pipes and fittings of longitudinally welded stainless steel pipes with spigot and socket for waste
water systems - Part 1: Requirements, testing, quality control.

EN 1253-1 Gullies for buildings - Part 1: Requirements.

EN 1253-2 Gullies for buildings - Part 2: Test methods.

EN 1293 General requirements for components used in pneumatically pressurized discharge pipes,
drains and sewers.

EN 1329-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.

EN 1451-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Polypropylene (PP) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.

prEN 1453-1 Plastics piping systems with structured wall pipes for soil and waste discharge (low and high
temperature) within the building structure - Unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1:
Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.

© BSI 09-2000
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EN 12056-2:2000

EN 1455-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.

prEN 1456-1 Plastics piping systems for underground drainage and sewerage under pressure - Unplasticized
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: General.

EN 1519-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Polyethylene (PE) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes, fittings and the system.

EN 1565-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Styrene-Copolymer-Blends (SAN + PVC) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.

EN 1566-1 Plastics piping systems for soil and waste discharge (low and high temperature) within the
building structure - Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-C) - Part 1: Requirements for pipes,
fittings and the system.

EN 1610 Construction and testing of drains and sewers.

EN 1671 Pressure sewerage systems outside buildings.

prEN 1825-1 Installation for separation of grease - Part 1: Principles of design, performance and testing,
marking and quality control.

EN 1852-1 Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Polypropylene
(PP) - Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system.

prEN 12050-1 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 1:
Lifting plants for waste water containing faecal matter.

prEN 12050-2 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 2:
Lifting plants for faecal-free effluent.

prEN 12050-3 Waste water lifting plants for buildings and sites - Principles of construction and testing - Part 3:
Lifting plants for waste water containing faecal matter for limited application.

EN 12109 Vacuum drainage system inside buildings.

prEN 12200-1 Plastics rainwater piping systems for above ground external use - Unplasticized
poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U) - Part 1: Components and functional requirements.

prEN 12380 Ventilating pipework - Air admittance valve systems (AVS).

EN 12666-1 Plastics piping systems for non-pressure underground drainage and sewerage - Polyethylene
(PE) - Part 1: Specifications for pipes, fittings and the system.

prEN 12763 Fibre-cement pipes and fittings for discharge systems for buildings - Dimensions, technical
terms of delivery.

prEN 12764 Sanitary appliances - Specification for whirlpool baths.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

blank

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National annex NA (informative)

Additional definitions

NA.1 General
This annex defines terminology used in national annexes NB, NC, ND, NE, NF and NG.

NA.2 Terms and definitions


For the purposes of these national annexes, the following additional terms and definitions apply.

NA.2.1 access cover


removable cover on pipework to provide access to the interior for the purposes of inspection,
testing and cleansing

NA.2.2 criterion of satisfactory service


percentage of time during which the design discharge flow loading will not be exceeded

NA.2.3 crown of trap


topmost point of the inside of a trap outlet

NA.2.4 discharge pipe


pipe which conveys the discharge from a sanitary appliance

NA.2.5 size
used in this standard to indicate the nominal internal diameter of pipes regardless of specific
materials and their classification or description in other publications

NA.2.6 anti-siphon trap


trap that includes a self-closing valve, which permits air to enter when suction occurs during
discharge, to prevent siphonage

NA.2.7 resealing trap


trap with physical minimum depth of water seal of 50 mm that retains sufficient liquid after
siphonage to ensure a reduced seal of at least 25 mm depth is retained

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National annex NB (informative)

Exchange of information

NB.1 General
This annex gives guidance on the information that needs to be exchanged when designing a
sanitary pipework system.

Consultation is essential between clients, architects and engineers at all stages of the design of
buildings to ensure efficient and economic planning of the sanitary installations and the discharge
system, and the provision and positioning of ducts in relation to the building as a whole.

Details of drains, sewers and any precautions necessary to ensure satisfactory working of the
discharge systems should be obtained from the bodies responsible for the systems, for example,
information on the possibility of drains and sewer surcharging and statutory regulations. Any
specific requirements of the sewerage undertaker should be ascertained.

Alterations or extensions to existing work may need a survey and the report should include:

a) the type of drainage system in use, and drain and sewer loading;

b) details and positions of appliances connected to the system;

c) a description of the existing pipework and its condition;

d) details of the ventilation of the system;

e) the results of tests (see annex NG).

NB.2 Building regulations


Building control officers and approved inspectors are responsible for the enforcement of the
relevant regulations, and information required by them may include:

a) information on the number, position and types of appliances to be installed and details of the
proposed use of the premises;

b) notification on the appropriate forms and particulars of the proposed work;

c) drawings and specifications.

Before commencing work, the installer should be in possession of drawings as approved by the
appropriate authorities, together with the specification and any further working drawings and
information necessary to enable the work to be carried out.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National annex NC (informative)

Design principles — Background information

NC.1 General
Information required for design is given in the normative part of this standard. This annex provides
background information on the design principles used and contains information previously within
BS 5572:1994, which has been withdrawn.

NC.2 Hydraulics and pneumatics

NC.2.1 Branch discharge pipes


Loss of water seal from the trap of a discharging appliance may occur by self-siphonage if the
branch discharge pipe flows at full bore. Traps on appliances not discharging may also suffer seal
loss by induced siphonage if the branch discharge pipe to which they are connected is flowing
full bore or if conditions of flow in the vertical stack create negative pressure. These seal losses
(see Figure NC.1) will be affected by:

a) the design of the appliance, e.g. funnel shaped appliances increase the chance of
self-siphonage;

b) the length, gradient and diameter of the pipe;

c) the type of trap and waste fittings, grid design and free cross-sectional area at the outlet;

d) whether or not the appliance has an overflow that is connected into the waste fittings or to
the trap;

e) the design of pipework fittings, particularly bends;

f) the provision, or not, of venting.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

3
6
5
4

a) Self-siphonage (at the end of an appliance discharge)

Legend:
1 Sanitary appliance
2 Negative pressure area
3 Water level before discharge
4 Pipe running full
5 Air passing through trap causes further water loss due to pumping action
6 Possible water level after self-siphonage

1 3
2

4 A
5 6

b) Induced siphonage (due to full bore flow in a main branch discharge pipe)

Legend:
1 Sanitary appliance
2 Negative pressure area
3 Sanitary appliance
4 Pipe running full
5 Main branch pipe
6 View A-A

Figure NC.1 — Seal loss due to flow in branch pipes

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

NC.2.2 Discharge stacks


Water flowing in discharge stacks will cause air pressure fluctuations. Suction can occur below
discharging branch connections and offsets, causing water seal loss by induced siphonage from
appliances connected to the stack. Back pressures or positive pressures can occur above offsets
and bends in stacks, causing foul air to be blown through the trap water seal and sometimes seal
loss. These seal losses (see Figure NC.2) will be affected by:

a) the flow load, depending on the total number and type of appliances connected to the stack,
their distribution on each floor of the building and the frequency with which they are used;

b) the height and diameter of the stack, with excessive seal losses being prevented by selecting
the size of stack appropriate to the number of appliances connected to it and the height of
the building;

c) the design of pipe fittings, particularly the shape and the size of branch inlets and the radius
of the bend at the base of the stack connecting it to the drain;

d) changes of direction in the wet portion of the discharge stack;

e) provision, or not, of a ventilating pipe;

f) surcharging of the drain;

g) provision, or not, of an interceptor trap in the drain.

4
5

Legend:
1 Open to atmosphere
2 Negative pressure
3 Induced siphonage related to suction (negative pressure) in the stack
4 Back pressure related to positive pressure in stack
5 Positive pressure
6 Typical air pressure distribution in stack with two branches discharging
NOTE Connection close to base of stack is not recommended but is shown here to illustrate pressure effects.

Figure NC.2 — Pressure effects and seal losses due to water flow in a discharge stack

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

NC.2.3 Shape and size of branch inlets


Suction is produced in the discharge stack below discharging branch inlets and its magnitude is
affected by the radius or slope of the branch inlet. A large radius or a 45º entry will tend to minimize
the amount of suction but a near-horizontal entry with a small radius will tend to have the opposite
effect. Branch inlets, which are significantly smaller in diameter than the stack are not so critical in
this respect (see annex ND).

NC.2.4 Bends and offsets


Sharp bends at the base of a stack can cause large back pressures due to restriction of the stack
air flow and, similarly, offsets of less than 3 m length in the wet part of a stack can produce large
pressure fluctuations. Changes in stack direction can also cause foaming of detergents and
consequent pressure fluctuations (see annex ND).

NC.2.5 Surcharging of drains


If the drain to which the discharge stack is connected is surcharged, the normal flow of air down the
stack during discharge is interrupted and high back pressures can occur. Under these conditions
additional stack ventilation may be required.

NC.2.6 Interceptor traps


Where a single discharge stack is connected to a drain fitted with an interceptor trap in close
proximity, large pressure fluctuations can occur. Additional stack ventilation may be necessary.

NC.2.7 Wind effects


Wind blowing across roofs can produce pressure fluctuations in the vicinity of parapets and corners
of the building. If discharge or ventilation stacks are terminated in these areas, unacceptable
pressure fluctuations can be developed in the discharge system (see annex ND).

NC.3 Configurations of discharge systems


The discharge systems can conveniently be classified as follows.

a) Primary ventilated stack system (previously know as single stack system) (see Figure NC.3
and Figure NC.4)
A primary ventilated stack system is used in situations where the discharge stack is large
enough to limit pressure fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.

b) Secondary ventilated stack system (previously know as ventilated stack system)


(see Figure NC.5)
A secondary ventilated stack system is used in situations where close grouping of appliances
makes it practicable to provide branch discharge pipes without the need for branch
ventilating pipes. Trap seals are safeguarded by extending the stack(s) to the atmosphere
and by cross-connecting the ventilating stack to the discharge stack.

c) Ventilated branch system (previously know as ventilated system or modified single stack
system) (see Figure NC.6)
A ventilated branch system is used in situations where there are large numbers of sanitary
appliances in ranges or where they have to be widely dispersed and it is impracticable to
provide discharge stack(s) in close proximity to the appliances. Trap seals are maintained by
extending the discharge and ventilating stacks to atmosphere and providing individual branch
ventilating pipes.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

2 3

4
5

a) Single appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Sink
3 Wash basin
4 WC
5 Bath
6 Discharge pipe

1
2

5 3

b) Multiple appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Wash basins
3 Cleaning eye
4 Discharge pipe
5 WC
6 Side view

NOTE For use in situations described in the note to Figure NC.4, but where the discharge stack is large
enough to limit pressure fluctuations without the need for a ventilating stack.

Figure NC.3 — Ventilated branch system

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

1 2

3 4

5
6

a) Single appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Sink
4 Wash basin
5 WC
6 Bath
7 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
8 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)

1 2

4
3 5
6

b) Multiple appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)
4 Wash basins
5 Cleaning eye
6 WC
7 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
8 Side view

NOTE For use in situations where close grouping of appliances makes it practicable to provide branch
discharge pipes without need for branch ventilating pipes.
Figure NC.4 — Secondary ventilated stack system

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

1 2

4
3
5

6
7
8

10 11
a) Single appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Sink
4 Ventilating pipe
5 Wash basin
6 Discharge pipe
7 WC
8 Bath
9 Discharge pipe
10 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilating stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (see ND.3.6.2.1)
11 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch

1 2
3

7
5

b) Multiple appliances
Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating stack
3 Ventilating pipe
4 Connection to the WC branch is preferable when the ventilation stack is less than 50 mm in
diameter (seeND.3.6.2.1)
5 Wash basins
6 Cross-connection as an alternative to the connection to the WC branch
7 WC
8 Side view
NOTE For use in situations where there are large numbers of sanitary appliances in ranges or where they have
to be widely dispersed and it is impracticable to provide discharge stacks in close proximity to the appliances.

Figure NC.5 — Primary ventilated stack system

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

1
2

3 4

5
6

a) Single appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Sink
4 Wash basin
5 WC
6 Bath
7 Ventilating stack acting only as a common connection to ventilating pipes

1
2

3
4

b) Multiple appliances

Legend:
1 Discharge stack
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Wash basins
4 WC
5 Ventilating stack acting only as a common connection to ventilating pipes
6 Side view

NOTE For use in situations where the disposition of appliances on a branch discharge pipe could cause loss of
their trap seals (by provision of ventilating pipework extended to the atmosphere or connected to a ventilating
stack).

Figure NC.6 — Modified primary ventilated stack system

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National annex ND (informative)

System III design details

ND.1 General
This national annex provides specific information for the design of sanitary pipework system 3.
Designs in this standard are based on the use of water sealed traps.

ND.2 Traps (see Figure ND.1)

ND.2.1 General
Traps should be designed so that deposits do not accumulate. The internal surface of the trap should
be smooth throughout. All traps should be accessible and provided with an adequate facility for
cleansing, for example, traps that are capable of being readily removed or dismantled. In general, a
trap which is not an integral part of an appliance should be attached to, and be immediately beneath,
its outlet and be self-cleansing. However, traps that are not connected to the appliance should be as
close as possible and be self-cleansing. There should be no reduction in cross-sectional flow area
through the trap. There should be no more than one trap on the discharge pipework from any
appliances.

For ease of maintenance, a trap may be positioned a maximum of 750 mm from a shower waste
outlet.

1
1

a) WC trap b) Tubular trap

1 2

c) Bottle traps d) Anti-vacuum trap e) Resealing trap

Legend:
1 Water seal
2 One way valve
3 Air bypass
Figure ND.1 — Trap types

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

ND.2.2 Trap seal


Traps with outlets for pipes up to and including DN 50 should have a minimum water seal of 50 mm
on baths and showers, provided they are fitted with flush-grated wastes without plugs on spray-tap
basins; 75 mm trap seals should be used with all other appliances.

Traps with outlets for pipes over DN 50 should have a minimum water seal of 50 mm.

Traps used on appliances with flat bottoms (trailing waste discharge) and discharging to a gully with a
grating may have a reduced water seal of not less than 38 mm.

ND.2.3 Bottle traps


This type of trap has a division between the inlet and outlet legs formed by a dip tube or vane within
the body of the trap, with the lower part of the trap being removable for access. Bottle traps should
only be used with wash basins.

ND.2.4 Resealing and anti-vacuum traps


These are specially designed traps for unventilated small diameter discharge pipes fitted to
appliances where, because of the arrangement of the pipework, siphonage would otherwise occur.
These traps should be regularly inspected and maintained. Some types can be noisy in operation.

ND.2.5 Floor drain (internal gullies)


Floor drains should be trapped, are normally connected to branch pipes of DN 80 or larger and,
therefore, are not subject to seal loss due to self-siphonage. However, infrequent use can lead to
total loss of seal due to evaporation. Consequently, these traps should only be specified for areas
where the usage will ensure that the trap seal is maintained.

ND.2.6 Sinks and washing machines


It is preferable that traps are positioned immediately beneath sink waste outlets. However, a single
trap may receive the discharges from two adjacent sinks and also from a domestic washing and/or
dish washing machine provided the total length of pipework joining the waste outlets of the sinks to
the trap does not exceed 750 mm.

ND.3 Discharge pipes and stacks

ND.3.1 General
It is convenient to deal with branch discharge pipes and discharge stacks separately because of their
different performance characteristics.

Branch discharge pipes and discharge stacks should be installed inside buildings, although for
buildings up to three storeys discharge stacks and branch discharge pipes may be installed
externally.

ND.3.2 Branch discharge pipes

ND.3.2.1 Diameters
Branch pipes should not be reduced in diameter in the direction of flow. Oversizing branch pipes to
avoid self-siphonage problems can be uneconomic and can lead to an increased rate of deposit
accumulation.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

ND.3.2.2 Gradients
The gradient of a branch discharge pipe should be uniform and adequate to drain the pipe efficiently.
Practical considerations usually limit the minimum gradient to 1º or 1¼º (18 mm/m or 22 mm/m), but
flatter gradients down to ½º (9 mm/m) may be imposed on long runs of DN 100 and DN 150 size pipe
when space is restricted. This can be undesirable and adequate self-cleansing of such an
arrangement is only possible with high design flow rate (i.e. of not less than 2,5 l/s) and workmanship
of a high standard.

Pipe diameters, gradients and pipe capacities are interrelated and this relationship is vital for the
DN 30 branches normally connected to wash basins. Vertical DN 30 pipe may run full bore and
ventilating pipework may be needed to prevent self-siphonage and noisy discharge.

ND.3.2.3 Lengths
Branch discharge pipes, especially those serving wash basins and urinals, should be kept as short as
practicable to reduce both self-siphonage effects and the accumulation of deposits. Large diameter
branches serving WCs present fewer problems in these respects.

ND.3.2.4 Branch pipe bends and junctions


Bends in branch discharge pipes should be avoided, especially for single and ranges of wash basins,
as they can cause blockages and increase self-siphonage effects. When they are unavoidable, they
should be of a large radius.

Junctions between branch discharge pipes of about the same diameter should be swept in the
direction of flow using swept entry branches, with a 25 mm minimum root radius, (see Figure ND.2);
otherwise, 45º branches should be used. To minimize the risk of blockage, branches up to DN 40
size joining larger diameter horizontal branches of DN 100 or over should, if practicable, connect to
the upper part of the pipe wall of the larger branch. For the same reason, opposed branch connection
in the horizontal place to a main branch discharge pipe should be avoided.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

a) With radius b) Without radius

— For branch discharge pipes of up to 65 mm diameter (except 32 mm branches


serving wash basins)

250

2,5 ˚

25

c) Using 87½º boss when pipe d) With small radius e) Without radius
gradient has to be less than
2½º (45 mm/m)

— For branch discharge pipes of 32 mm diameter serving wash basins

Legend:
1 Change in gradient if required

Figure ND.2 — Branch discharge pipe connections to discharge stacks

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

45

89,50 - 45
89,50 - 67,50

50 1
1

f) Equal branch g) Equal branch h) Unequal branch

— For branch discharge pipes of 75 mm to 150 mm diameters (connected to stacks of up to


150 mm diameter)

i) Typical waste manifold

Legend:
1 Radius not essential

Figure ND.2 — Branch discharge pipe connections to discharge stacks (concluded)

ND 3.2.5 Combined branches for bath and wash basins (see Figure ND.3)
For a combined branch to which a wash basin is connected, the shape of a tee junction fitting can
have an especially significant effect on performance, unless swept in the direction of flow.

A common branch serving a bath and wash basin can be used, but self- and induced siphonage of
the seals can occur and water from the basins may back-up into the bath if the arrangement is
incorrectly designed. The gradient and length of the branch and the shape of the branch junction all
have an effect on performance, and it is not possible to set down general design limits. Therefore,
tests are usually needed to assess the behavior of a particular arrangement, but the layout shown in
Figure ND.3 has been shown to function satisfactorily.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

25
1
2
32

750

40
40 40
45

5 2,50
500 3
3,000
3 000

Legend:
1 Wash basin and 32 mm branch pipe (slope 1¼º to 2½º:22 mm/m to 45 mm/m) may be
mounted in a plane at 90º to that shown
2 Ventilating pipe
3 Short as practicable but 1,5 m (max.)

NOTE 1 A bend in the horizontal plane can be included in the 40 mm pipe. (Minimum radius 150 mm to centre
line.)
NOTE 2 Any deviation from the dimensions (and limits) shown may cause self-siphonage or back flow into the
bath.
NOTE 3 Resealing traps can be used instead of venting but noisy bath and wash basin discharge may result.
NOTE 4 See also Figure ND.2 for branch connection to stack.

Figure ND.3 — Combined branch discharge pipe arrangement for a bath and wash basin

ND 3.2.6 Domestic automatic washing machines and dish washing machines


(see Figure ND.4)
Requirements may vary slightly but the arrangements shown in Figure ND.4 should suit most
machines. A DN 40 discharge pipe is necessary, which can be connected directly to a discharge
stack, gully/floor drain, a sink trap or branch pipe. Normally a trap should be fitted in the horizontal
section of the discharge pipe but this is not required for connections via a sink trap using a suitable
fitting.

NOTE Some of the arrangements in Figure ND.4 show loose connections between the machine drain hose and
discharge pipe. Some machines require this air break to prevent siphonage of water from the machine during
operation. However, if the discharge stack develops a blockage, water will overflow during the emptying cycle.

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a) Without venting

Legend:
1 Machine hose
2 Air gap
H is 600 mm to 900 mm (depends on washing or dish washing machine design)

1 25

H
L

b) With venting

Legend:
1 Ventilation pipe (to atmosphere) – do not connect to ventilating stack
2 Machine hose
3 Water-tight connection
4 To gully
D is 40 mm
L<3m
H is 600 mm to 900 mm (depends on washing or dish washing machine design)
Θ is 1º to 2½º (18 mm/m to 45 mm/m)
Trap of 75 mm seal depth and 40 mm diameter

Figure ND.4 — Branch discharge pipes for washing and dish washing machines

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2
3

c) Connection to sink discharge pipe


Legend:
1 Air gap [or arrangement b) can be used]
2 Machine hose
3 Proprietary fitting
4 To gully
D is 40 mm

d) Machines with low level outlets


Legend:
1 Alternative connection
2 To gully
D is 40 mm
L<3m
Θ is 1º to 2½º (18 mm/m to 45 mm/m)
Trap
NOTE 1 In arrangement a), blockage in branch or trap will cause overflow through air gap. In arrangement b),
blockage in branch or trap will cause water to be discharged through the ventilating pipe. Hence terminate
ventilating pipe outside building or over another appliance. In arrangement d), blockage in sink discharge or
trap will cause machine water to back up into sink.
NOTE 2 Large dish washing machines (as used in restaurant kitchens) may have waste outlets which may limit
the trap seal depths. Traps beneath machines should be located in an accessible position and where less than
75 mm seal depths are used, care should be taken to ensure at least 25 mm water seal is retained in the trap
after every discharge.

Figure ND.4 — Branch discharge pipe connections to discharge stacks (concluded)

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ND.3.3 Connections to discharge stacks

ND.3.3.1 General (see Figure ND.5)


Small diameter branch discharge pipes up to DN 70 may be connected to stacks of DN 90 or larger
with straight entry branch connections and some change in gradient close to the stack is permissible
to allow the use of a standard 87½º branch boss.

For DN 30 pipes serving wash basins the root radius should be greater than 25 mm [see
Figures ND.2c),d) and e)] and the change in gradient should be within 250 mm from the stack.

A branch inlet of DN 80 to DN 150 joining a discharge stack of equal diameter should be swept in the
direction of flow with a radius of not less than 50 mm for angles of 89½º to 67½º [see Figure ND.2f)].

Branch pipe connections at 45º or less do not need swept inlets [see Figure ND.2g)].

Branch inlets of DN 80 joining DN 100 or DN 150 discharge stacks and branch inlets of DN 100
joining DN 150 stacks may be swept or straight entry [see Figure ND.2h)].

Branch discharge pipes should not discharge over a hopper head.

ND.3.3.2 Waste manifolds


Branch discharge pipes may connect to a waste manifold of cross-sectional area equal to or larger
than the pipework connecting to it. A waste manifold should be designed to prevent cross-flow of the
discharge. Pipework connecting to waste manifolds should be installed to prevent self-siphonage.

ND.3.3.3 Prevention of cross-flow (see Figure ND.5)


Where small diameter branch discharge pipes without swept entries are opposed, they should be
arranged so that the risk of discharge from one branch into the other is avoided.

To prevent cross-flow from the discharge from a large diameter branch connection (e.g. a
WC branch) into a smaller diameter branch (e.g. a bath branch), the latter should be connected to
the stack at or above the centre line level of the larger branch connection or be at right angles or less
to the branch connection, (see Figure ND.5) or at least 200 mm below. Similar rules apply to
opposed small diameter branches (see Figure ND.5).

A branch creates a no connection zone on a stack, as shown shaded in Figure ND.5. No other
branch may be fitted such that its centre line falls inside a zone, but its centre line may be on the
boundary of the zone.

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Linear dimensions in millimetres

Branch Branch
75 -150 63

1 2

Section

90 90

90 90

a) No connection zone opposite


a large branch
Stack diameter Height of zone
D A

75 90
100 110
125 210
150 250

b) No connection zone opposite


a small branch
Legend:
1 200 independent of stack diameter
2 A (see table)

— No connection zones for the prevention of cross-flow

Figure ND.5 — Prevention of cross-flow

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c) Consider a stack with branch A and its no connection zone, shown shaded

A C

1
B A C

d) Other branches may be fitted at the same level as A, as shown at B and C. Each branch
creates its own no connection zone. Only that of branch A is shown in this diagram.

Legend:
1 Zone of branch A

A C

D
1 2
B A C

e) A branch may also be fitted at D, or elsewhere on the same vertical centre line. Although this
would be on the boundaries of the no connection zones of branches A and C, its centre line
would not be inside either of them. But as branch B has no connection zone on the far side of
the stack, it would not be possible to fit a branch opposite branch D.

Legend:
1 Zone of branch A
2 Zone of branch B
— Examples of permitted connections for the prevention of cross-flow
Figure ND.5 — Prevention of cross-flow (concluded)

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ND.3.4 Direct connections to an underground drain

ND.3.4.1 Gullies/floor drains


It is often convenient on the ground floor of buildings to discharge the wash basins and sinks into an
external gully or floor drain. The appliances should be fitted with suitable traps and the discharge
pipes should terminate below the grating but above the water level in the gully/floor drains.

This arrangement usually requires a length of vertical, or near vertical, discharge pipe that can cause
self-siphonage of the trap seals and some noise. Self-siphonage is less likely with baths and sinks
because trail off at the end of discharge will refill the traps sufficiently. However, wash basin
branches may require venting or the use of a resealing or anti-vacuum trap. Noisy discharges may be
prevented by venting the waste run.

ND.3.4.2 WC connections

WCs can be connected directly to a drain, without individual venting, provided that the
vertical distance from the centre line of the WC branch to the invert of the drain is
not more than 1,5 m. ND.3.4.3 Stub stacks
A stub stack consists of a short straight discharge stack equal to the drain diameter, with the top
closed, preferably with an access fitting. It can be used to connect various appliances to a drain or
discharge stack providing the total loading does not exceed 5 l/s, the centre line of the WC branch is
not more than 1,5 m and the centre line of the topmost connection is not more than 2,5 m above the
invert level of the drain or branch discharge pipe [see Figure ND.4a)]. Where one or more stub stack
connections discharge to a drain, the head of that drain should be ventilated by a ventilating stack or
discharge stack that terminates externally to the atmosphere.

ND.3.5 Discharge stacks

ND.3.5.1 Diameter
The internal diameter of a discharge stack should be not less than that of the largest trap or branch
discharge pipe connected to it. The stack primary vent should be continued to the point of termination
without any reduction in size to the discharge stack. In certain cases of one and two storey housing
economies can be made by using a DN 80 stack vent without detriment to the performance of the
system.

ND.3.5.2 Bends at the base of stacks (see Figure ND.6b)


Bends at the base of a discharge stack should be of large radius (minimum centre line radius
200 mm) or two 45º radius bends may be used. Increasing the diameter of the bend at the base of a
stack is an alternative but this may oversize the drain and be uneconomic.

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2,5

1,5
a) Stub stack

45
L

R
45

b) Preferable arrangement c) Alternative arrangement

— Bend and branch connections at base of discharge stack


Legend:
L ³ 450 mm (for single houses up to three storeys high)
or L ³ 740 mm (for multi-storey systems up to five storeys high)
or L ³ one storey height (for multi-storey systems higher than five storeys), i.e. no connections on
ground floor level
R is as large as possible [twice internal diameter (ID ´ 2)]

Figure ND.6 — Discharge from stub stack

ND.3.5.3 Branches at the base of stacks (primary ventilated stack system)


Generally, for systems up to five storeys, the distance between the lowest branch connections and
the invert of the drain should be at least 750 mm, but 450 mm is adequate for low rise single
dwellings. For larger multi-storey systems, it is better to connect the ground floor appliances to their
own stack or the horizontal drain and not directly to the main stack. For buildings over 20 storeys
high, it may be necessary to connect both the ground and first floor appliances in the same manner.

ND.3.5.4 Offsets (see Figure ND.7)


Offsets in the wet portion of a discharge stack should be avoided. When they have to be fitted, large
radius bends should be used as described in ND.3.5.2. In secondary ventilated stack system
connections to the discharge stack should be made above and below the offset (see Figure ND.7).
Offsets above the topmost appliance or branch connection do not require venting.

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a) Direct connection to ventilation stack b) Indirect connection to ventilation stack

Legend:
1 Ventilating stack to atmosphere (or connected to stack vent)
2 Discharge stack
3 For ventilated systems sized
R is as large as possible (ID ´ 2 min.)
d D/2, or for ventilated systems if larger than D/2
Db ³ 75 mm (see note 2)

NOTE 1 No branch connections in shaded area unless vented.


NOTE 2 Arrangement b) is only possible if Db is 75 mm or larger.
NOTE 3 No offset venting is required for lightly loaded systems of up to three storeys in height.
NOTE 4 Offsets above highest branch connections do not require venting.

Figure ND.7 — Offsets in discharge stacks

ND.3.5.5 Interceptor traps


Interceptor traps are generally no longer installed except for rodent control measures, but if a stack is
to be connected to a drain in which an interceptor trap is fitted, the size of the ventilating stack should
be as for a surcharged drainage system (see NC.2.5).

ND.3.5.6 Termination of stack vents (see Figure ND.8)


Stack vents should terminate with a durable domical cage, or other cover which does not unduly
restrict the flow of air, at such a height and position that foul air does not cause a nuisance or health
hazard. In general, this is achieved if the stack vent is not less than 900 mm above the head of any
window or other opening into a building within a horizontal distance of 3 m (see NC.2.7 with respect
to wind affects).

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1

900

4
5 6

a) Requirement if L is less than 3 m

Legend:
1 Domical cage
2 Roof
3 Alternative arrangement
4 Window or other opening
5 Stack vent
6 Ventilating stack to connect to stack vent

2
4

6 5

b) For stack vents also collecting rainwater from roofs

Legend:
1 Domical cage
2 Rainwater outlet
3 Alternative arrangement
4 Roof
5 Stack vent
6 Ventilating stack

Figure ND.8 — Termination of stack vents and ventilating stacks

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ND.3.5.7 Air admittance valves (AAVs)


Underground drainage systems are ventilated through traditional ventilating pipes, and these
preferably should be installed where practicable. Where termination of stack vents or ventilating
pipes proves difficult, the use of AAVs may be considered.

Their installation (see note) should comply with the manufacturer’s instructions. Dust laden
atmospheres (e.g. caused by industrial processes) may clause AAVs to malfunction. To aid
clearance of blockages, AAVs should be removable.

NOTE Approved Document H of the Building Regulations 1991 [1] only permits AAVs that are subject to a
current British Board of Agrément Certificate and for their installation to be in accordance with the terms of the
certificate. Part M of the technical standards for compliance with the Building Standards (Scotland)
Regulations 1990 [2] also has restrictions on their use.

ND.3.5.8 Stacks serving only urinals


A stack carrying only discharges from urinals is likely to become rapidly encrusted with sediment and
special attention to access and regular cleaning is necessary. It is an advantage to connect other
appliances, such as WCs and hot water discharges, to a urinal stack to reduce this deposition.

ND.3.5.9 Stacks serving only sinks and/or washing machines


In some multi-storey flat layouts, it may be convenient to connect the kitchen sinks or laundry
appliances to a separate stack. This arrangement can give rise to considerable deposits, especially
with soft water, which will require frequent removal if restriction is to be avoided. Foaming, due to
excessive detergent use, may occur at the base of the stack and cause ventilation problems. If such
arrangements cannot be avoided, ready access to the stack should be provided (but not in food
preparation and storage areas) and regular maintenance arranged.

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ND.3.6 Ventilating pipes and stacks

ND.3.6.1 Branch ventilating pipes (see Figure ND.9)

1 2
1
3

4 5

a) End of branch

Legend:
1 Ventilating pipe
2 Branch connection
3 Tee junction
4 Large diameter – branch
5 Small diameter – branch

2
750

1
750

4 5 6

b) Single appliance

Legend:
1 Ventilating pipe
2 Above spill-over level of appliance
3 Crown of trap
4 Ventilating stack
5 Discharge stack
6 Alternative arrangement

Figure ND.9 — Ventilating pipes to branches

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1 1
750

2
750

1
1
3
c) Avoiding unsightly pipes to single appliances

Legend:
1 Above spill-over level of appliance
2 To ventilating stack (or discharge stack if connection is above highest branch)
3 Alternative arrangement

1
750

2 3
A

d) Ranges of appliances

Legend:
1 Above spill-over level of appliance
2 Discharge stack
3 View A-A

NOTE Alternatively, air admittance valves may be used.

Figure ND.9 — Ventilating pipes to branches (concluded)

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ND.3.6.1.1 Diameter
The size of ventilating pipes to branches from individual appliances can be DN 25 but, if they are
longer than 15 m or contain more than five bends, a DN 30 pipe should be used. If the connection of
the ventilating pipe is liable to blockage due to repeated splashing or submergence on a WC branch
(see Figure ND.7), it should be larger but it can be reduced when above the spill-over level of the
appliance.

ND.3.6.1.2 Connections to stacks


Any ventilating pipes should be connected to the stack above the spill-over level of the highest
appliance.

ND.3.6.1.3 Connections to discharge pipes


Connections to the appliance discharge pipe should normally be as close to the trap as practicable
but within 750 mm.

Ventilating pipe connections to the end of branch runs should be at the top of the branch pipe, away
from any likely backflow which could cause blockage.

ND.3.6.1.4 Installation
To prevent the possibility of a condensation waterlock preventing the movement of air through the
ventilating system and to minimize the risk of internal corrosion, ventilating pipes should normally be
installed so that there is a continuous backfall to the branch discharge pipe system; an alternative
arrangement is illustrated in Figure ND.6 in which the fall is towards the vent stack via a high level
loop.

ND.3.6.2 Ventilating stacks (see Figure ND.10)

ND.3.6.2.1 Connections
In secondary ventilated stack systems (see Figure ND.5), the ventilating stack can be joined to the
discharge stack by cross-connections, usually on each floor. These cross-connections should slope
upwards from the discharge stack (67½º maximum) to prevent discharge water from entering the
vent system and should be of the same diameter as the ventilating stack.

The lowest end of the ventilating stack should normally be connected to the discharge stack at or
below the lowest branch connection; the upper end should preferably be connected to the stack vent
or pass through the roof to the atmosphere.

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67,5 d

d1
1

d1

db

a) Cross-connections for discharge stack ventilation


1

2
Db >_ 75

b) Bottom of stacks

Legend:
1 Ventilating stacks
2 Lowest branch
d1 is same as ventilating stack
Db ³ 75 mm [if d is smaller than 50 mm, the method shown in the right-hand figure of a) is preferable]
L is as small as practicable

Figure ND.10 — Ventilating stacks

ND.3.6.2.2 Installation
Bends and offsets in ventilating pipes do not normally affect performance, but they should be of large
radius.

ND.3.6.2.3 Connections on ventilated branch system


For ventilated branch systems (see Figure NC.6), the ventilating stack is only acting as a common
connection for the branch ventilating pipes, and there are no connections to the discharge stack. A
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ventilating stack of DN 30 is usually sufficient. However, if required, the ventilating stack can be
connected to the primary vent stack, otherwise the ventilating stack can pass through the roof to the
atmosphere. Also, if there is a possibility of a condensation waterlock, e.g. with branch ventilating
pipes as shown in Figure ND.8, then the lowest end of the ventilating stack should be connected to
the discharge stack via a large (DN 80 min.) branch.

ND.3.6.2.4 Termination of ventilating pipes (see Figure ND.8)


Ventilating pipes should be positioned as described for stack vents and should be fitted with a guard
or domical cage of durable material or other cover which does not unduly restrict the flow of air.

ND.4 Access (see Figure ND.11)

4
10
6

2 3

5 4
6 4
8 11
7 9

7 7

a) an example of access positions b) Example of commercial system


on stacks in a multi-storey
application with single appliances

Legend:
1 Roof
2 Typical floor
3 Access to stacks at 3 storey intervals or less
4 Slightly above spill-over level of appliances
5 Sink
6 Wash basin
7 WC
8 Bath
9 Removable joint
10 Stall urinal
11 Bowl urinals

Access
Access required if waste not detachable
Test access

Figure ND.11 — Access for cleaning and testing purposes

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ND.4.1 General
Sufficient and suitable access should be provided to enable all pipework to be tested and maintained
effectively. The access covers, plugs or caps should be located so as to facilitate testing, cleaning
and clearing. The use of apparatus or equipment should not be impeded by the structure or other
services. Access points should not be located where their use may give rise to nuisance if they are
above the spill-over level of the pipework likely to be affected by a blockage and/or are extended to
suitable positions at the face of a duct or casing, or at floor level.

ND.4.2 Pipe ducts


Pipework enclosures, e.g. ducts and casings, should be of a suitable size and provide ready access
for maintenance, testing and cleaning. They should be constructed appropriately for fire resistance,
sound insulation and to limit the spread of vermin.

ND.4.3 Water closets


WCs are particularly prone to obstruction in or near the trap through misuse. One of the advantages
of using a joint or jointing material to a WC pan is that it will allow the easy removal and replacement
of the pan.

ND.4.4 Urinals
The discharge from urinals can cause heavy deposits especially with hard water. Special attention is
therefore necessary to the provision of access so that all parts of the stack, branch and trap can be
readily cleaned.

ND.4.5 Wash basins, sinks and baths


Where access is required this may be conveniently provided by the use of traps and joints that are
easily disconnected. Additional access is needed only under exceptional circumstances, such as
where the discharge pipe is longer than normal or where several bends occur in the pipework.

With soft water, branches from spray tap wash basins are likely to become blocked and particular
attention should be paid to access. Stacks serving sinks only, especially where the water is soft, may
require access on each.

ND.4.6 Discharge and ventilating stacks


Where the discharge stack has a long drain connection to a manhole, access for rodding and testing
should be provided at or near the foot of the stack.

For multi-storey domestic buildings, access to the pipework should be provided at about three storey
intervals. For multi-storey commercial buildings, access to the pipework should be provided on each
floor.

ND.4.7 Restaurant and canteen kitchens


In restaurant and canteen kitchens the risk of pipe blockage is increased by the higher proportion of
grease and suspended solids in the wastewater.

Access points are required above the spill-over level of appliances, and at the high end of the branch
discharge pipes of food waste macerators and vegetable paring machines that there is a high risk of
blockage. It is also necessary to ensure that access points are accessible after the appliances have
been installed.

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ND.5 Special design considerations

ND.5.1 Restaurant and canteen kitchens

ND.5.1.1 General
For the purpose of considering the waste discharge from restaurant and canteen kitchens, the work
process can be divided into two main operations:

a) food preparation and cooking, involving the use of vegetable preparation sinks, general
purpose sinks, vegetable paring machines and waste disposal units;

b) washing up, involving the use of waste disposal units, dish washing machines, pot wash
sinks, sterilizing sinks and general purposes sinks.

The time scale during which the operations may be carried out will not comply with a set pattern, but
will vary from kitchen to kitchen according to its size, the number of meals served and the period over
which the meal service is provided.

The peak rate of waste discharge will probably occur during washing up periods when dish washing
machines are in use. Dish washing machines vary in size and according to the capacity of the
machine may use water from 125 l/hr with a peak flow rate in the order of 80 l/min. The flow rate of
waste discharge from kitchen appliances should, therefore, be calculated on the basis of the capacity
and peak usage of the appliances. It should be noted that discharges may be of large volume, and
high temperatures necessitate the careful selection of drainage materials (see annex NE for material
selection).

Kitchens are designed to ensure a natural flow of work and seldom permit the grouping of appliances
to give the best conditions for drainage. It is of primary importance that there should be no loss of
water seal in the traps on kitchen appliances, therefore an adequate ventilated system of drainage is
necessary.

ND.5.1.2 Specific requirements


Drain-off valves on food containers should be of the full way plug-cock type with quick release bodies
for easy cleaning. These valves should not be connected to a discharge pipe or drain without an
intervening air break.

Floor channels and gratings to open gullies found in kitchens, food preparation rooms and wash-up
rooms habour dirt and grease, and if the gratings are not properly fitted they can be hazardous to
pedestrian traffic. This form of drainage is unhygienic and should be avoided.

Sinks and dish washing machines should be individually trapped and connected directly to the
discharge stack.

The pipes from appliances which discharge waste water containing heavy concentrations of solid
matter, e.g. vegetable paring machines and food waste disposal units, should not be connected to
the head of long runs of horizontal discharge pipes or discharge to grease traps. They should be
connected as close as is practicable to the main vertical discharge stack or drain to gain the
maximum flushing advantage from appliances with high wastewater discharge rates.

Where practicable, items of kitchen equipment such as steaming ovens, bains-marie, boilers and
cafe sets should discharge over a drip tray or a fixed tundish having a trapped outlet connected to the
discharge system.

Boiling pans should be drained separately over removable tundishes into trapped gullies. The
trapped gully should be fitted with a solid hinged flap flush with the floor, with the flap kept closed
when not in use.

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ND.5.1.3 Grease traps/convertors


Grease traps should be provided in circumstances where high loads of grease are expected which
could interfere with the effectiveness of the drainage system; however where grease loads are not
anticipated their use should be avoided. Where used, they should be designed and located to
promote cooling, coagulation and retention of the grease within the trap. Grease traps that have
enzyme dosing facilities should be installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s
instructions.

They should be sized to achieve maximum efficiency. The temperature and velocity of flow of the
waste water should allow the grease to separate and collect on the surface of the water in the trap
reservoir. In the standard type of grease trap, the process of separation will be impaired or even
prevented by the use of detergents which emulsify the grease.

Consideration should also be given to the general nature of the waste matter discharges since the
reduced flow velocity through the trap will allow solid waste matter in suspension to settle and collect
in the trap reservoir.

Provision should be made to facilitate the hygienic removal and disposal of the grease in accordance
with trade waste regulations. Provision should also be made for the trap to be completely emptied
and cleaned periodically to prevent the development of septic conditions in the trap reservoir.

To avoid the risk of food contamination, grease traps should not be located in food rooms.

ND.5.2 Hairdressing salons


Special fittings should be provided at the outlet of basins to prevent the ingress of hair into the
discharge pipe.

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National annex NE (informative)

Materials

NE.1 General
Pipes and fittings should be suitable for their purpose and should comply with the requirements of the
relevant standards.

The choice of material depends on the size and function of the pipework, the temperature and
constituents of the discharge and the ambient conditions including temperature. Other considerations
are the weight, physical strength, ease of assembly, fire resistance and maintenance requirements of
the pipework (see also Part 5).

NE.2 Types of materials

NE.2.1 Metals
The following metals are generally suitable for discharge and ventilating pipes covered by this
standard:

a) cast iron;

b) copper;

c) hot dipped galvanized steel;

d) stainless steel.

Electrolytic corrosion may occur where dissimilar metals are in contact in the presence of moisture.
In the following scale, where any two metals are combined, the upper one may be attacked and the
closer the metals are in the scale, the lower the risk of attack:

a) zinc;

b) iron;

c) lead;

d) brass;

e) copper and stainless steel.

(For more information refer to PD 6484:1979.)

NE.2.2 Plastics
The following plastics are generally suitable for discharge pipes covered by this standard:

a) acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS);

b) high density polyethylene (PE);

c) modified unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (MuPVC);

d) unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U);

e) polypropylene (PP).

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Some of these materials may not be suitable if large quantities of very hot water have to be
discharged; also some solvents and organic compounds can damage plastics materials. The
relevant British or European Standards should be consulted or expert advice sought if these
conditions are likely.

Plastics material exposed to direct sunlight may require protection to resist ultraviolet degradation. It
is advisable to seek guidance from manufacturers of any materials other than PVC-U or MuPVC.

NE.2.3 Borosilicate glass


This material is generally used for laboratory waste discharge but it may be applied to other drainage
systems.

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National annex NF (informative)

Work on site

NF.1 General
This annex provides information on site working, jointing and fixing method requirements for all
materials used on above ground gravity sanitary pipework. This document covers domestic,
commercial and public buildings, with the exception of trade waste discharges and any special
requirements of building such as hospitals or laboratories.

NF.2 Jointing of pipes

NF.2.1 General
Care should be taken to ensure that no jointing material projects inside the bore of the pipe. Some
flexibility is desirable where there is a possibility of movement in a pipeline or between the pipe and
the appliance, and provisions should be made in the assembly of sanitary pipework to accommodate
and control thermal movement. To comply with the electrical wiring regulations (BS 7671), pipework
may require continuity of electrical bonding at each joint.

NF.2.2 Thermal movement


The movement caused by temperature changes in pipework requires special consideration and,
therefore, adequate provision for expansion should be made, especially with pipes made of plastics
and copper. Where pipes of these materials pass through walls or solid floors, sleeves should be
provided.

NF.2.3 Types of fixing

NF.2.3.1 Cast iron pipes


The following fixing methods may be used:

a) ears on the pipe sockets;

b) cast iron, malleable iron or steel holderbats (brackets) for building in, nailing or screwing to
the structure;

c) purpose-made straps or hangers.

NF.2.3.2 Copper tubes


The following fixings may be used;

a) copper alloy holderbats (brackets) for building in or screwing to the structure;

b) pipe clips of copper, copper alloy, plastics or other suitable material;

NF.2.3.3 Galvanized steel tubes


The following fixing methods may be used:

a) malleable iron schoolboard pattern brackets for building in or screwing to the structure;

b) malleable iron pipe rings, with either back plates or girder clips;

c) purpose-made straps or hangers.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

NF.2.3.4 Plastic pipes


Holderbats (brackets) of metal, plastics coated metal or any other suitable material may be used for
fixing plastic pipes, but care should be taken to ensure that the pipe support does not bite into the
external surface of the pipe when tightened. Where anchor points are required to control thermal
movement, the holderbats (brackets) are usually fitted on the pipe sockets between special ribs.
Intermediate guide brackets fitted to the pipe barrel should allow thermal movement to take place.

NF.2.4 Distance between pipe supports


The distance between pipe supports should not exceed those shown in Table NF.1. In vertical pipe
runs there should be at least one pipe support bracket at each storey height, fixed behind a collar to
support the vertical load, avoid downward movement of the pipes and loss of expansion gaps.
Supports should be adjacent to joints and of adequate strength to carry the weight of the pipe plus
contents.

Where the layout requires shorter lengths than the maximum, support distances should be adjusted
to suit these shorter lengths and provision of lateral bracing should be considered when pipes are
flexibly jointed.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

Table NF.1 — Maximum distance between pipe supports

Pipe material DN Pipe diameter Vertical Low gradient pipes


pipes
Mm m
M
Acrylonitrile 30 32 1,2 0,5
butadiene styrene 40 40 1,2 0,5
ABS 50 50 1,2 0,6
Cast iron — All diameters 3,0 3,0
Copper 25 25 2,4 1,8
30 to 40 32 to 40 3,0 2,4
50 50 3,0 2,7
— 65 to 100 3,7 3,0
Galvanized Steel — 25 3,0 2,4
32 3,0 2,7
40 to 50 3,7 3,0
65 to 75 4,6 3,7
100 4,6 4,0
Polyethylene PE — 32 to 40 1,2 0,5
50 1,2 0,6
Modified — 32 to 40 1,2 0,5
unplasticized 50 1,2 0,6
polyvinyl chloride
MUPVC
Polypropylene PP — 32 to 40 1,2 0,5
50 1,2 0,6
Unplastisized — 32 to 40 1,2 0,5
polyvinyl chloride 50 1,2 0,6
PVC-U 75 to 100 2,0 1,0
150 2,0 1,2
Borosilicate glass — 25 1,0 1,0
(see note 1) 40 to 75 1,2 1,2
100 1,5 1,4
150 1,8 1,8
Stainless steel — All sizes 2,0 2,0
(see note 2)
NOTE 1 Where two or more fittings are adjacent on low gradient pipes, additional fixing should be provided.

NOTE 2 Supports should be located close to and downstream of sockets. Additional supports are recommended
at junctions and changes in direction.

NF.2.5 Protection during building construction


Every care should be taken to protect the work and to prevent the entry of foreign matter into any part
of the system during construction. Openings should, therefore, be kept sealed with purpose-made
fittings.

Special care should be taken with pipe systems having ring seal joints to prevent deflection of the
joint after the pipework is assembled. Pipework should not be allowed to carry any external load
either during or after construction.

All access covers and clearing eyes should be fitted at the time of installation and be finally fixed and
sealed after testing.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

National annex NG (informative)

Inspection, testing and maintenance of completed installations


NG.1 General
This annex provides information on testing methods and maintenance of above ground gravity
sanitary pipework and fittings. This document covers domestic, commercial and public buildings, with
the exception of trade waste discharges and any special requirements of building such as hospitals
or research laboratories.

Inspections and tests should be made during the installation of the discharge system as the work
progresses to ensure that the pipework is properly secured and clear of obstruction, debris and
superfluous matter and that all work which is to be concealed is free from defects before it is finally
enclosed.

Prefabricated units should be tested at the works or place of fabrication and inspected upon delivery
to site.

NG.2 Final inspection


On completion, the discharge system should be meticulously inspected to insure that the
recommendations of this British Standard have been observed and that no cement droppings, rubble
or other objects are left in or on the pipes and that no joining material projects into the pipe bore.
When this has been done, tests for the soundness of the pipework and for the performance should
be made.

NG.3 Testing

NG.3.1 Air test


NOTE Normally this test is carried out to confirm that all pipes and fittings are airtight. It should be completed in
one operation but for large multi-storey systems testing in sections may be necessary.

NG.3.1.1 Preparation
The water seals of sanitary appliances should be fully charged and test plugs or bags inserted into
the open ends of the pipework to be tested. To ensure that there is a satisfactory air seal at the base
of the stack, or at the lowest plug or bag in the stack if only a section of the pipework is to be tested,
a small quantity of water sufficient to cover the plug or bag can be allowed to enter the system.

One of the remaining test plugs should be fitted with a tee piece, with a cock on each branch, and
one branch being connected by means of a flexible tube to a manometer. Alternatively, a flexible tube
from a tee piece fitted with cocks on its other two branches can be passed through the water seal of
a sanitary appliance. Any water trapped in this tube should be removed and then a manometer can
be connected to one of the branches.

NG.3.1.2 Application
Air is pumped into the system through the other branch of the tee piece until a pressure equal to
38 mm water gauge is obtained. The air inlet cock is then closed and pressure in the system should
remain constant for a period of not less than 3 min.

NG.3.1.3 Leak location


NOTE Defects revealed by an air test may be located by the methods given in NG.3.1.3.1, NG.3.1.3.2 and
NG.3.1.3.3.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

NG.3.1.3.1 Smoke
A smoke producing machine may be used which will introduce smoke under any pressure into the
defective pipework. Leakage may be observed as the smoke escapes. Smoke cartridges containing
special chemicals should be used with caution, taking care that the ignited cartridge is not in direct
contact with the pipework and that the products of combustion do not have a harmful effect upon the
materials used for the discharge pipe system.

Smoke testing of plastics pipework should be avoided due to naphtha having a detrimental effect,
particularly on ABS, PVC-U and MUPVC. Rubber jointing components can also be adversely
affected.

NG.3.1.3.2 Soap solution


With the pipework subject to an internal pressure using the smoke machine method as described in
NG.3.1.3.1, a soap solution can be applied to the pipes and joints. Leakage can be detected by the
formation of bubbles.

NG.3.1.3.3 Water test


There is no justification for a water test to be applied to the whole of the plumbing system. The part of
the system mainly at risk is that below the lowest sanitary appliance, and this may be tested by
inserting a test plug in the lower end of the pipe and filling the pipe with water up to the flood level of
the lowest sanitary appliance, provided that the static head does not exceed 6 m.

NG.3.2 Performance tests

NG.3.2.1 General
All appliances, whether discharged singly or in groups, should drain speedily, quietly and completely.

To ensure that adequate water seals are retained during peak working conditions, the tests described
in NG.3.2.2 should be carried out. After each test a minimum of 25 mm of water seal should be
retained in every trap. Each test should be repeated at least three times, the trap or traps being
recharged before each test. The maximum loss of seal in any one test, measured by a dip stick or
small diameter transparent tube, should be taken as the significant result.

NG.3.2.2 Tests for self-siphonage and induced siphonage in branch discharge pipes
To test for the effect of self-siphonage the appliance should be filled to overflowing level and
discharged by removing the plug; WC pans should be flushed. The seal remaining in the trap should
be measured when the discharge has finished. Ranges of appliances, connected to a common
discharge pipe, should also be tested for induced siphonage in a similar way. The number of
appliances that should be discharged together is given in Table NG.1. The seal remaining in all the
traps should be measured at the end of the discharge. The worst conditions usually occur when the
appliances at the upstream end of the discharge pipe are discharged.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

Table NG.1 — Number of sanitary appliances to be discharged for performance testing

Type of use Number of appliances of each Number of appliances to be


kind on the stack discharged simultaneously

WC Wash basin Kitchen sink

Domestic 1 to 9 1 1 1
10 to 24 1 1 2
25 to 35 1 2 3
36 to 50 2 2 3
51 to 65 2 2 4
Commercial or public 1 to 9 1 1 —
10 to 18 1 2
19 to 26 2 2
27 to 52 2 3
53 to 78 3 4
79 to 100 3 5
Congested 1 to 4 1 1 —
5 to 9 1 2
10 to 13 2 2
14 to 26 2 3
27 to 39 3 4
40 to 50 3 5
51 to 55 4 5
56 to 70 4 6
71 to 78 4 7
79 to 90 5 7
91 to 100 5 8
NOTE These figures are based on a criterion of satisfactory service of 99 %. In practice, for systems
serving mixed appliances, this slightly overestimates the probable hydraulic loading. The flow load
from urinals, spray tap basins and showers is usually small in most mixed systems, hence these
appliances need not normally be discharged.

NG.3.2.3 Test for induced siphonage and back pressure in discharge stacks
A selection of appliances connected to the stack should be discharged simultaneously and the trap
and seal losses due to positive or negative pressures in the stack should be noted. These selected
appliances should normally be close to the top of the stack and on adjacent floors, as this gives the
worst pressure conditions. Table NG.1 shows the number of appliances which should be discharged
simultaneously.

As an example, for a block of flats nine storeys high with the stack serving one WC, one wash basin,
one sink and one bath on each floor, the test would consist of one WC, one wash basin and one sink
being discharged simultaneously on the top floor. Where the stack served two WCs, two wash
basins, two baths and two sinks on each floor, the discharge test would consist of one WC, one wash
basin and two sinks. The WC, wash basin and one sink would be discharged on the top floor and the
remaining sink on the floor immediately below.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

For the purpose of this test, baths are ignored as their use is spread over a relatively long period and
consequently they do not add materially to the normal peak flow on which Table NG.1 is based.
Where a stack serves baths only, the number to be discharged simultaneously in a test should be
taken to be the same as for sinks. Flows from showers are small and these can usually be ignored
for stacks serving mixed appliances. Similarly for non-domestic buildings, spray tap basins and
urinals need not be included in the test when the stack also serves other appliances.

NG.4 Maintenance

NG.4.1 General
Discharge pipe systems should be kept in a clean and sound condition in order to maintain maximum
efficiency. This is facilitated by designing in accordance with the recommendations in this
national annex.

The following points should be noted.

a) Vertical ventilating pipes of cast iron or steel are liable to accumulate rust at bends and
offsets.

b) When access covers, caps and clearing eyes are removed, damaged packing, ring seals,
washers and loose fixings should be renewed before replacement.

c) Care should be taken in the use of chemical descaling agents, which are often of a corrosive
nature and materials employed in the pipe system should be clearly identified before
treatment to ensure that the internal surfaces are not subject to damaging chemical attack.

d) Caution is necessary when employing the methods of clearing obstructions which involve the
use of air or water at high pressures.

e) Hand operated rods for removing blockages in discharge pipes should be capable of passing
through the system without damaging the internal surfaces of pipes and fittings.

f) Mechanized rodding equipment should only be used by properly trained operators and the
pipework to be cleared should be thoroughly examined in advance to enable selection of the
appropriate cleaning attachments.

g) In renewing paintwork care should be taken to preserve any distinguishing colours which
may have been used for identification purposes. Reference should be made to BS 1710.

NG.4.2 Cleaning and descaling

NG.4.2.1 Types of blockage or deposit and method of removal

NG.4.2.1.1 Deposits due to misuse of the discharge system


Completely or partial blockages due to large objects or compacted masses, such as toilet paper and
sanitary towels, can usually be loosened by rodding. All such material should be removed from the
system at the nearest access point.

NG.4.2.1.2 Lime scale


In hard water districts where heavy lime scale accumulations are observed on the surface of the
sanitary appliances, similar lime scale deposits may form in the discharge stacks and pipes. The
worst condition will be found in the stacks and pipes from urinals where precipitation of lime
generated by the reaction of urine in contact with hard water accelerates the process of scale
formation. In these situations, conditions can be further aggravated by the residue from abrasive
cleaning powders used in the cleaning of sanitary appliances which may combine with the lime
precipitate culminating in complete blockage of the pipe.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

Recurring scale formations of this type are best dealt with by periodic descaling of the system using
suitably inhibited acid-based cleaners. The discharge stacks and pipes should be inspected
periodically, and the rate of scale formation notes. The required frequency of treatment and the
strength of acid required to soften the scale can then be established, and it should not be necessary
to repeat the treatment more than three or four times a year.

Where lime scale encrustation in a urinal discharge pipe is very heavy, to the point of almost total
blockage, the obstruction can sometimes be softened and removed by the application of an acid mat.
It may be necessary to repeat the process to ensure that all deposits are removed.

NOTE Reference should be made to COSHH Regulations [3].

NG.4.2.1.3 Accumulation of grease and soap residues


Obstructions in discharge pipes and traps caused by accumulations of grease and soap residues can
often be partially removed by use of a plunger, but a more effective treatment is by flushing the
system with a soda dissolved in hot water (see Table NG.2). This should be established as a routine
periodic service. Blockages of this type are mostly found in long discharge pipes from sinks or wash
basins, especially in soft water areas and where the rate of flow in the pipe falls below that required
to sustain a self-cleansing velocity. Where mirrors are fixed over the basins, hair washed into the
waste pipes will combine with the grease and soap residues and considerably increase the risk of
blockage.

NG.4.2.2 Cleaning and descaling techniques

NG.4.2.2.1 Plunger
This is a simple means of clearing a blockage in a sink or basin branch pipe and trap or even a WC.

NG.4.2.2.2 Rods
This is the traditional method of clearing blockages. A number of devices are available for the end of
the rod, for example, scrapers, plungers and brushes. These are suitable for cleaning pipes of DN 80
and larger where only moderate flexibility is required to introduce the rods into the pipework.

Mechanically rotating versions are also available.

NG.4.2.2.3 Kinetic ram


A kinetic ram gun can be employed usefully for the removal of obstructions in branch pipes provided
its function and its limitations are properly understood. The function of the gun is based on the
principle that the impact of compressed air against a column of water behind a blockage will create a
shock wave that is transmitted to the obstruction to dislodge and remove it.

A stubborn blockage can, however, produce a blowback of the gun and injure the operator, or
damage pipework and appliances not designed to withstand the pressure applied. AAVs should be
removed before a kinetic ram gun is used as undue pressures and blowback may cause malfunction.

On installations where AAVs are permanently fixed, ram guns should not be used. Where there are
open branches on the system, waste matter may be forced out of the openings and damage wall and
ceiling decorations. The use of the gun on plumbing installations should be generally restricted to the
removal of blockages consisting of compacted soft material, e.g. grease, soap residue and saturated
paper.

NG.4.2.2.4 Coring and scraping


Coring of the pipe can be considered in pipes of DN 100 and over, where the pipe bore is severely
restricted or even completely blocked with hard lime scale or similar material. First however, the pipe
material should be ascertained to ensure that damage will not result.

The process involves the use of a purpose-made rotating steel cutter on a flexible drive that can be
pushed into the pipe to cut through the obstructions. Peripheral accumulations of grease and other
gelatinous formations in pipes of these sizes can generally be removed satisfactorily by the periodic
use of profile scrapers attached to ropes and pulled through the pipe.

© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000
NG.4.2.2.5 Chemical cleaning
Details of these methods are given in Table NG.2. Attention to safety precautions is vital if injury to
the operator or damage to pipework and appliances is to be avoided.

NOTE 1 Refer to COSHH Regulations [3].


NOTE 2 Chemical de-sealing agents may damage some plastics fittings and mechanisms. Manufacturer’s
advice should be sought.

Table NG.2 — Chemical cleaning of discharge stack and branches

Application Method Notes


The removal of lime scale Apply diluted, inhibited, Acid-based descaling fluid will
accumulations in discharge acid-based descaling fluid attack linseed oil bound putty.
stacks and branch pipes directly to scale. Care should be taken to avoid
Apply these measured quantities unnecessary and/or prolonged
of fluid into the pipes at contract of descaling fluid with the
predetermined points on the jointing material used in the jointing
pipeline, or by using a drip feed of the outlet fittings on wash basins
method (acid strength and urinals.
approximately 15 % inhibited Drip feed method:
hydrochloric acid, The acid-based descaling fluid is
20 % ortho phosphoric acid). allowed to drip slowly into the
For heavy lime scale discharge pipe at a rate of about
encrustations, undiluted 4 l over a period of 20 min.
descaling fluid can be used Repeat, after flushing with clean
(30 % inhibited hydrochloric acid, water, if necessary for very heavy
40 % ortho phosphoric acid). deposits.
The softening scale can be
removed by thorough flushing
and where practicable by the use
of drain rods and scrappers.
On completion of the work, the
system should be thoroughly
flushed with clean water.
Particular care should be given
to the traps of appliances to
ensure that all traces of acid are
removed from the trap water
seals when the work is finished.
The removal of grease and Fill the wash basin or sink with For cases where formation of
soap residues from the very hot water and add soda grease and soap residues in the
discharge pipes from wash crystals at the rate of 1 kg soda discharge pipes is frequent, this
basins and sinks crystals to 9 l of hot water. process can be applied periodically
When the crystals have with very satisfactory results.
dissolved, release basin or sink In severe cases, it may be
plug to flush trap and discharge necessary to repeat the operation
pipe. monthly.
For basins in ranges, fill all of the Soda crystals are not to be
basins with soda solution and confused with caustic soda which
release plugs simultaneously. should not be used for this purpose.
Clean overflows using a solution
of soda crystals in hot water and
a wire core bottle brush.
NOTE Acid-based cleaners in contact with chlorine bleach will produce chlorine gas. It is essential that discharge
systems be thoroughly flushed before acid-based cleaners are used, to remove as far as possible all traces of
chlorine bleach residues. All windows should be opened in the areas where acid-based cleaners are being used.

NG.4.2.3 Safety precautions


The work involved in the removal of scale and grease from sanitary appliances and plumbing
drainage installations requires understanding of the problem and skill in the handling and application
of chemicals and tools. Great care should be taken to ensure that all the necessary precautions are
taken to minimize the risk of personal injury to the cleaning operatives or damage to the appliances
and the system. Protective clothing including gloves and eye-shields should be provided for
© BSI 09-2000
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BS EN 12056-2:2000

operatives handling and using chemicals. Upon completion of the work all exposed surfaces of
sanitary appliances should be thoroughly washed, using a appropriate cleanser to remove any acid or
other chemicals which might otherwise come into contact with a person using the appliance. Adjacent
finishes and decorations may need protecting while the work is in progress.

NG.4.3 Periodic inspection


In addition to general maintenance work, periodic inspections and tests may be advisable to
ascertain if there is any misuse or negligence. All defects should be fixed.

© BSI 09-2000
Page 85
BS EN 12056-2:2000

Bibliography

Standards publications

BS 1710, Specification for identification of pipelines and services.


BS 7671, Requirements for electrical installations – IEE Wiring Regulations.
PD 6484:1979, Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation.

Other documents

[1] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Regulations 1991. London: The Stationery Office.
[2] GREAT BRITAIN. Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations 1990. London: The Stationery Office.
[3] GREAT BRITAIN. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1999.
London: The Stationery Office.

© BSI 09-2000
BS EN |
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