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    Experiment 1 - Group 4

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    JAN JERICHO MENTOY
    The document describes experiments to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds based on their properties. Flammability tests showed that organic compounds like ethanol burn with a sustained flame, while inorganic compounds like NaCl solution do not burn well. A charring test found that the organic compound sucrose turned black when heated, but the inorganic compound KCl remained white. Solubility tests showed that organic compounds dissolve in organic solvents like petroleum ether but not water, while inorganic compounds dissolve in water but not organic solvents. Conductivity tests determined that inorganic compounds like NaCl solution are electrolytes, while organic compounds like sucrose are non-electrolytes.

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    Experiment 1 - Group 4

    Uploaded by

    JAN JERICHO MENTOY
    2K views11 pages
    The document describes experiments to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds based on their properties. Flammability tests showed that organic compounds like ethanol burn with a sustained flame, while inorganic compounds like NaCl solution do not burn well. A charring test found that the organic compound sucrose turned black when heated, but the inorganic compound KCl remained white. Solubility tests showed that organic compounds dissolve in organic solvents like petroleum ether but not water, while inorganic compounds dissolve in water but not organic solvents. Conductivity tests determined that inorganic compounds like NaCl solution are electrolytes, while organic compounds like sucrose are non-electrolytes.

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    Experiment 1_Group 4

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    The document describes experiments to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds based on their properties. Flammability tests showed that organic compounds like ethanol burn with a sustained flame, while inorganic compounds like NaCl solution do not burn well. A charring test found that the organic compound sucrose turned black when heated, but the inorganic compound KCl remained white. Solubility tests showed that organic compounds dissolve in organic solvents like petroleum ether but not water, while inorganic compounds dissolve in water but not organic solvents. Conductivity tests determined that inorganic compounds like NaCl solution are electrolytes, while organic compounds like sucrose are non-electrolytes.

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    2K views11 pages

    Experiment 1 - Group 4

    Uploaded by

    JAN JERICHO MENTOY
    The document describes experiments to distinguish organic compounds from inorganic compounds based on their properties. Flammability tests showed that organic compounds like ethanol burn with a sustained flame, while inorganic compounds like NaCl solution do not burn well. A charring test found that the organic compound sucrose turned black when heated, but the inorganic compound KCl remained white. Solubility tests showed that organic compounds dissolve in organic solvents like petroleum ether but not water, while inorganic compounds dissolve in water but not organic solvents. Conductivity tests determined that inorganic compounds like NaCl solution are electrolytes, while organic compounds like sucrose are non-electrolytes.

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    of 11

    Experiment No.

    PROPERTIES THAT DISTINGUISH ORGANIC FROM INORGANIC


    COMPOUNDS

    Inorganic compounds are ionic compounds (water being the exception). This ionic
    quality makes them relatively nonvolatile solids with a disposition toward water solubility.
    There are exceptions, of course, but as a reasonable first assumption, any water-soluble, high-
    melting compound that will neither char nor ignite and burn completely away is probably
    both ionic and inorganic.
    Organic compounds, by contrast, characteristically char or burn. If they contain no
    metal atoms, they ignite completely, leaving no residue. Most of them are insoluble in water
    but dissolve readily in organic solvents such as dichloromethane. Organic compounds tend to
    boil or melt easily, and they have odors.

    Procedure:

    I. Flammability Test
    1. Place 2.0 to 3.0 drops of ethanol in an evaporating dish.
    2. Ignite the ethanol with a lighted matchstick.
    3. Repeat the test, using NaCl solution instead of ethanol.

    II. Charring
    1. Place a pinch of sucrose in a tin bottle cap.
    2. Heat over a Bunsen flame for 2-3 minutes.
    3. Repeat the test, using a pinch of KCl instead of sucrose.

    III. Solubility Tests


    1. Into 3 separate test tubes, place 2.0 ml each of distilled water. To the first
    test
    tube add a pinch of benzoic acid, to the second test tube add a pinch of
    naphthalene and to the third test tube add NaCl.
    Shake vigorously.
    2. Repeat the procedure, using petroleum ether instead of water.
    IV. Electrical Conductivity
    1. Into 4 separate 50 ml beakers, transfer 20.0 ml each of sucrose solution,
    glycerol, NaCl solution and ethanol, respectively.
    2. Using a conductivity apparatus, determine the electrical conductivity of
    each solution by dipping the electrodes into the solutions.

    Questions for Discussion:


    1.)
    a. What happens to the ethanol? NaCl solution?
    When the ethanol was ignited, a flame is produced for a long period of time as it
    combust. On the other hand, when the NaCl solution was ignited, no flame is produced as the
    solution did not combust.
    b. Which substance is flammable? Ethanol
    c. What kind of flame was produced? Blue and orange
    d. What type of compound is the flammable substance? Organic compound

    2.)
    a. Describe the substance left after heating the sucrose and KCl.
    Sucrose - After heating for a few seconds, the substance became amber in color, then
    turned black after a few minutes.
    KCl - KCl was mixed with water and once the water evaporated, the substance
    remained white in color.
    b. Compare the results obtained.
    Compared to table sugar which turned black and charred when heated, KCl remained
    white in color.

    3.)
    a. Which substance is soluble to water?
    Benzoic acid and naphthalene are insoluble in water while NaCl is soluble in water.
    b. Which substance is soluble to petroleum ether?
    Naphthalene is soluble in petroleum ether and Benzoic acid is slightly soluble in
    petroleum ether. On the other hand, NaCl is insoluble to petroleum ether.
    c. What type of compound is soluble to petroleum ether? Organic Compound
    d. What type of compound is soluble in water? Inorganic Compound

    4.)
    a. Which substance is a strong electrolyte? NaCl solution
    b. Which substance is a weak electrolyte? None
    c. Which substance is a non-electrolyte? Sucrose solution, glycerol, and ethanol.
    d. What type of compound is the non-electrolyte substance? Organic compound
    Organic Chemistry Individual Report Group No. 4
    Name: Mentoy, Jan Jericho C. Date: September 8, 2021
    Section: ChE - 2104 Rating: __________

    Experiment No. 1

    Properties that distinguish Organic from Inorganic compounds

    I. Discussion

    Flammability tests are conducted to determine if a substance will ignite when exposed
    to fire or heat. In the experiment, ethanol and sodium chloride solution were ignited in an
    evaporating dish. It was observed that the combustion period of ethanol is longer than the
    combustion of sodium chloride. Thus, it can be deduced that organic compounds are more
    flammable than inorganic compounds. A difference in the color of the flames was also
    observed.
    Next is charring. It is defined as the chemical process of incomplete combustion or to
    burn a substance to ascertain if the surface will blacken. Two substances, sucrose and
    potassium chloride, were heated over a bunsen burner flame and was observed if char will be
    produced. After the experiment, only sucrose was observed to have produced a darker surface
    and potassium chloride retained its white color. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic
    compounds when subjected to high heat produce char while inorganic compounds do not.
    Another test conducted to distinguish the differences between organic and inorganic
    compounds was the solubility test. It aims to determine if a substance is able to dissolve in a
    solvent. After observing the six setups for this test using two different types of solvent, water
    and petroleum ether, it was found that only sodium chloride is soluble in water while it is
    insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, benzoic acid and naphthalene were insoluble
    in water but are soluble in petroleum ether. Accordingly, it can be agreed that organic
    compounds are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. Moreover, inorganic
    compounds are soluble in water and are not in organic solvents.
    Lastly, four setups were prepared to test the electrical conductivity of different
    substances. Among the four, sodium chloride solution was found to be a substance that is a
    strong electrolyte while glycerol, ethanol, and sucrose solution are not able to conduct
    electricity. Hence, organic compounds are non-electrolyte substances and inorganic
    compounds are good conductors of electricity.

    II. Objective/s

    ● To be able to distinguish between organic and inorganic substances via observation of


    various tests.
    ● To be capable of classifying organic and inorganic compounds focusing on their
    different properties obtained throughout a series of experiments.

    III. Materials/Reagents

    Name of Test Materials Reagents

    Flammability Evaporating dish, matchstick, Ethanol and Sodium chloride.


    and basic laboratory PPE.

    Charring Tin bottle cap, bunsen burner, Sucrose and potassium


    tripod, wire gauze, scoopula, chloride.
    and basic laboratory PPE.

    Solubility Test tubes, scoopula, and Benzoic Acid, naphthalene,


    basic laboratory PPE. sodium chloride, and
    petroleum ether.

    Electrical Conductivity Beakers, tripod, conductivity Sucrose, glycerol, sodium


    apparatus, and basic chloride, and ethanol.
    laboratory PPE.

    IV. Drawings/Set-up

    ● FLAMMABILITY TEST
    ● CHARRING

    ● SOLUBILITY TEST

    I. Distilled Water Solution-

    II. Petroleum Ether Solution


    Note: The color of the solution in the picture does not indicate the real color of the
    solution.

    ● ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
    Note: The color of the solution in the picture does not indicate the real color of the
    solution.

    V. Observation/Discussion of Results

    Name of Test Test Compound Result

    Flammability Ethanol ● When the ethanol was


    ignited in fire, the
    flame spread easily.
    ● The color of the flame
    has a mixture of blue
    and orange.
    ● The combustion
    period of ethanol is
    long because it takes a
    lot of seconds when
    the fire depletes.
    Sodium Chloride (solution) ● The color of the flame
    has a yellowish color.
    ● Compared to the
    ethanol, the sodium
    chloride solution has a
    shorter period of
    combustion

    Charring Sucrose ● The color of the


    substance turned
    amber, then turned
    black.

    Potassium Chloride ● The substance retained


    its white color.

    Solubility (Distilled water) Benzoic acid ● Not or poorly soluble.

    Naphthalene ● White substance did


    not dissolve.

    Sodium Chloride ● Highly soluble in


    water.

    Solubility (Petroleum ether) Benzoic acid ● Very soluble.

    Naphthalene ● White substance did


    disintegrate.

    Sodium Chloride ● Greatly insoluble.

    Electrical Conductivity Sucrose solution ● The bulb or the


    conductivity device
    does not light up when
    the electrodes are
    immersed in the
    solution.
    ● It is unable to conduct
    electricity.

    Glycerol ● When the electrodes


    of the apparatus were
    immersed on the
    solution, the bulb did
    not illuminate.
    ● The solution does not
    conduct electricity

    Sodium chloride solution ● When the electrodes


    are immersed in the
    solution, the bulb or
    the conductivity
    device illuminates.
    ● It has the ability to
    conduct electricity.

    Ethanol ● When the electrodes


    of the conductivity
    apparatus were
    immersed in the
    solution, the bulb did
    not illuminate.
    ● The solution does not
    conduct electricity

    VI. Conclusions/Generalizations

    Organic compounds can be gaseous, liquid, or solid, and they are usually present in
    life forms, whereas inorganic compounds are often solids and come from nonliving things.
    The first property is whenever organic compounds are heated, they burn and turn black.
    Organic compounds are also more flammable and disintegrate more readily than inorganic
    molecules when heated. Next, in terms of solubility, organic compounds are insoluble in
    water but soluble in organic solvents. While inorganic compounds, they are soluble in water
    but not in organic solvents. Finally, when it comes to electrical conductivity, organic
    molecules tend to contain covalent bonds, making them poor conductors of electricity. While
    inorganic molecules mainly have ionic bonds, which makes them capable of conducting
    electricity. In addition, organic compounds are non electrolyte while inorganic compounds
    are electrolytes.

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