Wind energy-The process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical

power or electricity

Submitted by
Kranthi Kiran Reddy
Registration Number:
12010287

In partial fulfilment for the requirements of the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science and Engineering

School of Computer Science and Engineering

Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab

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 Table Of Contents
S.No Title Page.No.
.
1 Certificate Image 3
2 Introduction to Wind Energy 4-5
3 The Technology of Wind Energy 6
4 Problem Identification and Causes of the problem 7
5 Development Of Wind Energy 8
6 Objectives of Wind Energy 9
7 Effectiveness Of Wind Energy 10
8 The Conclusion 11

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Certificate of completion image from Coursera:

Course Name: Wind Energy

Completion Date: 30th August,2021
Length of Course:36 Hours
Platform : Coursera

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 Introduction To Wind Energy

In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most economical renewable
energy. Today, electricity generating wind turbines employ proven and tested
technology, and provide a secure and sustainable energy supply. At good, windy
sites, wind energy can already successfully compete with conventional energy
production. Many countries have considerable wind resources, which are still
untapped.

A technology which offers remarkable advantages is not used to its full

potential:

 Wind energy produces no greenhouse gases.

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  Wind power plants can make a significant contribution to the regional
electricity supply and to power supply diversification.

 A very short lead time for planning and construction is required as

compared to conventional power projects.

 Wind energy projects are flexible about an increasing energy demand

- single turbines can easily be added to an existing park.

 Finally, wind energy projects can make use of local resources in terms
of labour, capital, and materials

The technological development of recent years, bringing more efficient and

more reliable wind turbines, is making wind power more cost-effective. In
general, the specific energy costs per annual kWh decrease with the size of the
turbine notwithstanding existing supply difficulties.

Many African countries expect to see electricity demand expand rapidly in

coming decades. At the same time, finite natural resources are becoming
depleted, and the environmental impact of energy use and energy conversion
have been generally accepted as a threat to our natural habitat. Indeed, these
have become major issues for international policy.

Many developing countries and emerging economies have substantial

unexploited wind energy potential. In many locations, generating electricity
from wind energy offers a cost-effective alternative to thermal power stations. It
has a lower impact on the environment and climate, reduces dependence on
fossil fuel imports and increases security of energy supply

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 The Technology

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into electricity or mechanical

energy using wind turbines. The power in the wind is extracted by allowing it to
blow past moving blades that exert torque on a rotor. The amount of power
transferred is dependent on the rotor size and the wind speed.

Wind turbines range from small four-hundred-watt generators for residential use
to several megawatt machines for wind farms and offshore. The small ones have
direct drive generators, direct current output, aeroelastic blades, lifetime
bearings and use a vein to point into the wind; while the larger ones generally
have geared power trains, alternating current output, flaps and are actively
pointed into the wind.

Direct drive generators and aeroelastic blades for large wind turbines are being
researched and direct current generators are sometimes used.
Since wind speed is not constant, the annual energy production of a wind
converter is dependent on the capacity factor. A well sited wind generator will
have a capacity factor of about 35%. This compares to typical capacity factors
of 90% for nuclear plants, 70% for coal plants, and 30% for thermal plants.
As a rule, wind generators are practical where the average wind speed is 4.5 m/s
or greater. Usually, sites are pre-selected on the basis of a wind atlas and
validated with onsite wind measurements.
Wind energy is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and reduces
greenhouse gas emissions if used to replace fossil-fuel-derived electricity. The

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intermittency of wind does not create problems when using wind power at low
to moderate penetration level.

Problem Identification and Cause of the Problem

As with all energy supply options, wind energy can have adverse environmental
impacts, including the potential to reduce, fragment, or degrade habitat for wildlife,
fish, and plants. Furthermore, spinning turbine blades can pose a threat to flying
wildlife like birds and bats. Due to the potential impact that wind power can have
on wildlife, and the potential for these issues to delay or hinder wind development
in high-quality wind resource areas, addressing impact minimization, siting, and
permitting issues are among the wind industry’s highest priorities.

To address these issues and support environmentally sustainable development of

wind power in the United States, WETO invests in projects that seek to
characterize and understand the impact of wind on wildlife both on land and
offshore. Furthermore, WETO invests in activities to collect and disseminate
scientifically rigorous peer-reviewed research on environmental impacts through
centralized information hubs such as Tethys.

The office also invests in scientific research that enables the innovation
and development of cost-effective technologies that can minimize wildlife impacts
at land-based and offshore wind farms. 

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 Development Of Wind Energy

Wind energy development counts thousands of years, that is, from the

starting point of the very first vertical-axis wind machines operating on the
basis of drag forces, up until the current time, during which wind
turbines under development have reached the scale of tens of MW

Constant evolution of the wind power concept throughout this period may
be reflected in the most straightforward way by the fact that we are now
arguably entering the time of fourth-generation wind power machines.
From the early times of wind power exploitation, when the first vertical-
axis windmills were used for grinding, to the times that electricity power
generation lies on the rotation of huge epoxy-based blades reinforced with
carbon fibre and the exploitation of offshore potential, humankind has

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encountered numerous types of wind machines and designs, which have
always found an important place in puzzle of technological development.

Objectives Of the Project

 Harnessing Green energy for sustainable development.

Power will be used for captive consumption.

 Wind Mill Capacity adequate for meeting ICF’s requirement which is

about 23 million units per year. The proposed wind power plant is
expected to generate 23.1 million units per year.

 Being green energy it will reduce carbon emission which will in-turn
reduce the ill effects like global warming etc

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 Effectiveness of Wind Energy

Wind power is cost-effective. Land-based utility-scale wind is one of the

lowest-priced energy sources available today, costing 1–2 cents per kilowatt-
hour after the production tax credit. Because the electricity from wind farms is
sold at a fixed price over a long period of time (e.g. 20+ years) and its fuel is
free, wind energy mitigates the price uncertainty that fuel costs add to
traditional sources of energy.
Wind is a domestic source of energy. The nation's wind supply is abundant and
inexhaustible. Over the past 10 years, U.S. wind power capacity has grown 15%
per year, and wind is now the largest source of renewable power in the United
States.
Wind turbines can be built on existing farms or ranches. This greatly benefits
the economy in rural areas, where most of the best wind sites are found.
Farmers and ranchers can continue to work the land because the wind turbines
use only a fraction of the land. Wind power plant owners make rent payments to
the farmer or rancher for the use of the land, providing landowners with
additional income

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 THE CONCLUSION

Wind turbine technology has demonstrated the potential for contributing to the energy
needs of the United States. If the sites with acceptable wind characteristics were fully
utilized, they could contribute up to about 10 percent of the nation's electrical energy
needs. The limitation is based on utility system stability issues rather than available
site locations. As in all energy investment decisions, the ultimate penetration level will
be driven by the cost of energy that is produced. In turn, this is decided by the initial
cost of the wind energy plant and the annual cost for maintenance and operation.

Since a few U.S. electric power utilities are continuing to add capacity, there will be
an opportunity to introduce a new, longer-lasting design for a wind turbine system.
Moreover, renewed interest by the public in environmental issues associated with
power generation gives a special advantage to wind power. A new wind turbine
system probably will take advantage of advances in semiconductor power electronics
to improve energy production as well as provide reactive power control, which will
make wind-generated electric power more amenable for use by the electric utilities.
New speed control schemes will be introduced, but the major advance must come
through the design of less expensive, longer-lived, and higher-efficiency rotors. A
guiding principle in creating this design should be that knowledge of aerodynamic
forces must be carefully integrated with the structural response of the material, all
balanced by the practicalities of field experience and tempered by the need to
manufacture a consistently high-quality product at reasonable cost.

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