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    2021 Assignment 5

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    Sai naveen
    The document contains 17 problems related to Bessel functions and differential equations. Many of the problems involve using properties of Bessel functions to transform ordinary differential equations into Bessel equations or using recurrence relations of Bessel functions. The document provides solutions for eigenvalue problems for various Sturm-Liouville problems.

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    2021 Assignment 5

    Uploaded by

    Sai naveen
    12 views2 pages
    The document contains 17 problems related to Bessel functions and differential equations. Many of the problems involve using properties of Bessel functions to transform ordinary differential equations into Bessel equations or using recurrence relations of Bessel functions. The document provides solutions for eigenvalue problems for various Sturm-Liouville problems.

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    2021-assignment-5 (1)

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    The document contains 17 problems related to Bessel functions and differential equations. Many of the problems involve using properties of Bessel functions to transform ordinary differential equations into Bessel equations or using recurrence relations of Bessel functions. The document provides solutions for eigenvalue problems for various Sturm-Liouville problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    12 views2 pages

    2021 Assignment 5

    Uploaded by

    Sai naveen
    The document contains 17 problems related to Bessel functions and differential equations. Many of the problems involve using properties of Bessel functions to transform ordinary differential equations into Bessel equations or using recurrence relations of Bessel functions. The document provides solutions for eigenvalue problems for various Sturm-Liouville problems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Department of Mathematics, IIT Madras

    MA2020, Differential Equations


    Assignment-5, 2021

    1. Let ν < Z. Show that the Wronskian of Jν (x) and J−ν (x) is given by
    2 sin(νπ )
    W [Jν , J−ν ](x) = − .
    πx
    Hint: Use Abel’s formula and find the limit of the Wronskian as x → 0+.
    2. Show the following identities:
    sin(2x) 2  2 2
    (a) J1/2 (x)J−1/2 (x) = (b) J1/2 (x) + J−1/2 (x) =
    
    .
    πx πx
    3. Using the generating function, show the following:
    (a) J−n (x) = (−1)n Jn (x) (b) Jn (−x) = (−1)n Jn (x).
    4. Show that u = 2 exp(x/2) transforms the ODE y 00 + exp(x) − m2 y = 0 to the Bessel’s
    

    d 2y dy
    equation u 2 2 + u + (u 2 − 4m 2 )y = 0. Then, write the general solution of the ODE.
    du√ du
    5. Show that y = x u(x) transforms the ODE 4x 2y 00 + 1 + 4(x 2 − k 2 ) y = 0 to the Bessel’s
    
    equation x 2u 00 + xu 0 + (x 2 − k 2 )u = 0. Then, write the general solution of the ODE.
    6. Show that z = ax b , w = yx c transforms the Bessel’s equation

    d 2w dw
    z2 2
    +z + (z 2 − p 2 )w = 0
    dz dz

    to the ODE x 2y 00 + (2c + 1)xy 0 + a 2b 2x 2b + (c 2 − p 2b 2 y = 0. Then, write the solution


     

    of the ODE.
    7. Show that the general solution of the ODE y 00 + xy = 0 is
    √ h i
    y(x) = x c 1 J1/3 23 x 3/2 + c 2 J−1/3 23 x 3/2 .
    

    √
    8. Show that y = x u(x 2 /2) transforms the ODE y 00 + x 2y = 0 to the Bessel’s equation of
    order 1/4. Then, write the general solution of the ODE.
    9. Show the following
    (a) J000(x) = 12 J2 (x) − J0 (x) .
    

    (b) J100(x) = −J1 (x) + x −1 J2 (x).


    0
    (c) 2n Jn2 (x) = x Jn−1
      2 2 (x)
    
    (x) − Jn+1
    2 (x) 0 = 2 nJ 2 (x) − (n + 1)J 2 (x) .
    (d) x Jn2 (x) + Jn+1
       
       n  n+1
    (e) J4 (x) = x483 − x8 J1 (x) + 1 − x242 J0 (x).
    0
    Using the recurrence x ν Jν (x) = x ν Jν−1 (x) show that for any a > 0 and r > 0,
    10. ∫
    r
    r
    x J0 (ax) dx = J1 (ar ).
    0 a
    11. Using the recurrence relation x Jν+1 (x) = 2ν Jν (x) − x Jν−1 (x) show that
    r r
    2  sin x  2  cos x 
    (a) J3/2 (x) = − cos x (b) J−3/2 (x) = − + sin x .
    πx x πx x

    1
    12. Using the fact that Jν (x) is a solution of Bessel’s equation with parameter ν and the
    recurrence x Jν0 (x) = ν Jν (x) − x Jν +1 (x) prove that

    x 2 Jν00(x) = (ν 2 − ν − x 2 )Jν (x) + x Jν +1 (x).

    13. Find all real eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the following Sturm-
    Liouville problems:
    (a) y 00 + λy = 0, y 0(0) = 0, y(1) + y 0(1) = 0.
    Ans: λn = kn2 , where tan(kn ) = 1/kn and kn > 0; yn (x) = cos(kn x) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    (b) y 00 + 2y 0 + (λ + 1)y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(π ) = 0.
    Ans: λn = n 2 ; yn (x) = e −x sin(nx) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    (c) y 00 − y 0 + λy = 0, y(0) = y(`) = 0.
    Ans: λn = 4n2 π 2 + ` 2 /(4` 2 ); yn (x) = e x/2 sin(nπx/`) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    (d) y 00 + λy = 0, y(−π ) = y(π ), y 0(−π ) = y 0(π ).
    Ans: λn = n2 ; y0 (x) = 1, yn (x) = {cos(nx), sin(nx)} for n = 1, 2, 3, . . ..
    (e) x 2y 00 + xy 0 + λy = 0, y(1) = 0, y(e) = 0.
    Ans: λn = n2 π 2 ; yn (x) = sin(nπ log x) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    (f) x 2y 00 − xy 0 + (λ + 1)y = 0, y(1) = 0, y(e) = 0.
    Ans: λn = n2 π 2 ; yn (x) = x sin(nπ log x) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    0 λ
    (g) (x 2 + 1)y 0 + 2 y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(1) = 0.
    x +1
    Ans: λn = 16n 2 ; yn (x) = sin(4n tan−1 x) for n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    14. Find all positive eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville
    problem x 2y 00 + xy 0 + λx 2 − 1/4 y = 0, y(π /2) = 0, y(3π /2) = 0.
    Ans: λn = n2 ; yn (x) = x −1/2 cos(nx) if n even; yn (x) = x −1/2 sin(nx) if n odd; for
    n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    15. Show that the Sturm-Liouville problem y 00 − 4λy 0 + 4λ2y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(1) + y 0(1) = 0
    has exactly one eigenvalue. Ans: λ = −1; y(x) = x exp(−2x).
    16. Expand f (x) = x 2 for 0 < x < 1, in the Fourier-Bessel series of the form
    ∞
    f (x) =
    Í
    Ak J0 (µk x), where µk denotes the kth positive zero of J0 (x).
    k=1
     −1
    Ans: Ak = 2 (µk2 − 4) µk−3 J1 (µk ) for k = 1, 2, 3, . . .
    

    17. Expand f (x) = x for 0 < x < 1, in the Fourier-Bessel series of the form
    ∞
    f (x) =
    Í
    Ak J1 (µk x), where µk denotes the kth positive zero of J1 (x).
    k=1
    Ans: Ak = 2/ µk J2 (µk ) for k = 1, 2, 3, . . .
     

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