Dyanamic English Grammar and Composition-3

DYNAMIC
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
&
COMPOSITION
3
Author
Krishna Prasad Regmi
Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Kathmandu, Nepal
Published by:
Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.
Kathmandu, Nepal
URL: www.shubharambhapublication.com
E-mail: [email protected]
www.facebook.com/shubharambhapublication
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-3
Author: Krishna Prasad Regmi

Layout Design: Ram Malakar
Copyright ©: Publisher
New Edition : 2076
Revised Edition: 2077
© : Publisher
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted by means (electronic,
photocopying, recording or otherwise) without prior written permission from the
publisher. Any breach of this condition will entail legal action and prosecution.
Printed in Nepal
Preface
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition has been designed according to
the new English Curriculum prescribed by the Curriculum Development
Centre. The series comprises of ten textbooks from grade one to grade ten.
The present book is an amalgamation of survey of rules, structures and
forms presented in lucid modern English and illustrated with numerous
examples.
The aim of this book is to bring about a change in teaching and learning
English grammar and composition-a change that will enable the learners to
use grammar in context using both inductive and deductive approaches
aiming to develop four language skills immensely. Practice in composition
tasks will help to develop the learner’s writing skills. It will encourage to writing
their own thoughts, ideas and feelings.
This new edition contains huge examples and their application to
communicative approach that will increase the quality learning of English
grammar. It is thought that this change will improve the standard and
acceptability of the book and I will consider the attempts fruitful if the students
find the book fruitful.
I have left no stone unturned for the meaningful presentation of subject
matter to make it reader friendly. Detailed description of grammatical
structures and adequate exercises on them, plenty of guided and free writing
composition with enough practice questions, an adequate amount of vocabulary
related sections and as much as necessary self study materials have been
presented in the following chapters.
I am thankful to Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd. for their encouragement,
co-operation and help in preparing this book.
At last, I would like to assure all the concerned teachers, students and
readers that constructive comments and suggestions shall be tremendously
appreciated and incorporated in the upcoming edition.
The Author
Table of Contents
1. Alphabets..............................................................................................6-17
2. Nouns.....................................................................................................18-39
3. Pronouns ............................................................................................40-53
4. Articles................................................................................................54-64
5. Verbs......................................................................................................65-80
6. Adjectives...........................................................................................81-91
7. AdverBs................................................................................................92-99
8. sentences........................................................................................100-106
9.Yes/No questions..........................................................................107-112
10. Wh-questions..............................................................................113-120
11. Simple Present Tense...............................................................121-128
12. Present Continuous Tense...................................................129-134
13. Simple Past Tense......................................................................135-139
14. Simple Future Tense................................................................140-144
15. Prepositions.................................................................................145-155
16. Conjunctions..............................................................................156-164
17. Interjections..............................................................................165-167
18. Punctuation................................................................................168-174
19. Paragraph Writing..................................................................175-175
20. Letter Writing...........................................................................176-178
21. Story Writing.............................................................................179-182
22. Picture Description.................................................................183-184
23. Reading Comprehension........................................................185-188
24. VOCABULARY.................................................................................189-192
Phonetic Symbols
Consonant Sounds Vowel Sounds
Symbols Words Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling
/k/ s king, pick, cat /i: / O{ eat meat see ee, ea, ie,
eo, e, ei
/g/ u gate, ghost /I/ O it sit city i, u, o, e, y, a
/ŋ/ ª sing, sink /e/ P egg pen - e, ie, ea, ue
/tƒ/ r chair, match /æ/ of act man - a
/dʒ/ h jug, judge /a: / cf arm large car a, ear, ar
/z/ h is, zoo, balls /ə/ c ago perfect the a
/ʒ/ h genre, pleasure, /ʌ/ c up but - o, u, ou, u, oe
garage
/t/ 6 tree, mat /ʒ: / cM earth bird sir ir, ur, er, ear
/d/ 8 do, middle /ɒ/ cf] on hot - o, a, ow
/ø/ y thank, with /ɔ: / cf]M all ball saw a, aw, au
/ð/ b those, breathe /ʊ / p - book - u, ou, o, oo
/n/ g nose, man /u: / pm ooze move two o, oo, wo, ue,
ou
/p/ k pot, map Diphthongs
Symbols Initial Medial Final Spelling
/f/ km fan, potato, laugh /eI/ PO eight same say a, ay
/b/ a bag, bulb /aI / cfO{ ice might sky uy, igh, ie, y,
eye
/v/ e van, save / ɔI/ cf]O{ oil voice boy oy, oi
/m/ d man, same / Iə/ Oc ear real here ear, eer, ere
/j/ o yak /ʊə/ pc - influence poor our, ocr, ure
/r/ / red, carry /eə/ Pc area chair rare air, ear, ere,
eir,
are
/l/ n late, sell /aʊ / cfp out loud cow o, ow, ew
/w/ j walk / əʊ/ cp old home go ou, ow
/ʃ/ z shoes, sugar, wish,
chef
/s/ ; sun, miss
/h/ x house, yahoo
GET
STARTED ALPHABETS
1
Chapter
Look and complete.
Circle the words that start with vowel letters.
ant ball cat dog ear fan gun

hen ink jug kite lamp map net
oak pen queen rat sun tap urn
van wax x-ray yam zoo
Circle the words that start with consonant letters.
ANT BALL CAT DOG EAR FAN GUN

HEN INK JUG KITE LAMP MAP NET
OAK PEN QUEEN RAT SUN TAP URN
VAN WAX X-RAY YAM ZOO
CAPITAL/UPPER CASE LETTERS
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
SMALL/LOWER CASE LETTERS
a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
6 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Do You Know?
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. There are 5 vowels: a, e, i, o
and u. The rest of the letters are consonants.
Speaking
Practice
Say whether the words related to the pictures start with vowel or
consonant letters.
…………………… …………………… ……………………
…………………… …………………… ……………………
…………………… …………………… ……………………
Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 7

Listening Practice
Repeat these small letters after your teacher.
Monkey Letters g j p q y
Giraffe Letters b d f h k l t
Tortoise letters a c e l m n o r s u v w x z
Instant Practice
Complete the following words with consonant letters.
O I E A E I E A
A A E A I U U A I
I E U A E E O A

Instant Practice
Complete the following words with vowel letters.
S NF L W R S N K T BL W T C H
R D O P G N C R C L M N K Y
Instant Practice
Write four words for each consonant letter.
b bat, book, bank, bus n
c p
d q
f r
g s
h t
j v
k w
l x
m y
z

Instant Practice
Write four words for each vowel letters.
a
e
i
o
u
Grammar Focus: Alphabetical Order

Look at these words.
broccoli cabbage garlic pumpkin turnip yam
Do You Know?
The first letters of the words given above are in A-Z order. This is what
we call alphabetical order. The first word ‘broccoli’ comes before the
word ‘cabbage’ because ‘b’ comes before ‘c’ in the alphabet. Likewise, ‘g’
comes before ‘p’, ‘p’comes before‘t’ and ‘t’ comes before ‘y’. Words in a
dictionary are presented in alphabetical order.
Now look at the following group of words.

Group A
apple apricot blueberry hamburger
banana chestnut cranberry pizza
coconut date gooseberry roll
orange fig raspberry steak
papaya peach strawberry toast

Group B
bat cap dam fan
beat cell den fear
bird cot dip fir
break cry dog fog
bun cut dug fuel
Group C
board cabin meal race
bobcat cadre mecca radar
bode café medal rage
bogan cage mega rain
boil cake melon rascal
Group D
flag giraffe hatch satan
flame gird hate satchel
flare girl hath sate
flash giro hatpin sati
flat girt hatred satori
Group E
nearby hearer aerobatic polyandry
nearer hearing aerodrome polyclinic
nearly hearken aerofoil polyester
nearness hearsay aeronaut polygamy
nearside heart aerosol polymer

Quick Tip
The groups of words given above are arranged in alphabetical order.
Group A is arranged according to the FIRST LETTER, Group
B is arranged according to the SECOND LETTER, Group C is
arranged according to the THIRD LETTER, Group D is arranged
according to the FOURTH LETTER and Group E is arranged
according to the FIFTH LETTER of the word.
Instant Practice
Arrange the letters alphabetically.
1. p r a s u p i
…………………………………………..
2. g u p t a g w
…………………………………………..
3. c d m l o p h
…………………………………………..
4. m b k r s g e
…………………………………………..
5. j k g h e r v
…………………………………………..
Instant Practice
Write a word for each letter and arrange them alphabetically.
p e n r a t s
v h f c l n g

d g k y b t m
b c h f i l o
z e m s b v w
Instant Practice
Tick whether the following group of words are in alphabetical order or
not.
advice beef education fiction

air blood electricity flour
alarm butter entertainment food
art boat experience faint
ash bat erosion fully
man bright cap boy

can fight map joy
fan might tap foe
ran right rap toy
scan sprite sap hey
cog eat sun faint

dog meat bun paint
fog hit fun radiant
mug seat run saint
rug heat dun taint

Instant Practice
Put the following group of words in alphabetical order.
1. ant cat bat mat :__________________________________
2. ear fear tear bear :__________________________________
3. gun bun fun dun :__________________________________
4. run sun June nun :__________________________________
5. fog cog log dog :__________________________________
6. car ear far star :__________________________________
7. bag rag tag nag :__________________________________
8. can tan van ban :__________________________________
9. toy boy foe joy :__________________________________
10. man pan fan scan :__________________________________
Instant Practice
Put the following group of words in alphabetical order.
1. goat coat note vote boat
……………………………………………………………………
2. apple agony accord abnormal attire
……………………………………………………………………

3. ache accede acacia ace ackee
…………………………………………………………………………
4. scout scold scone scoop score
…………………………………………………………………………
5. bank bang band bane banana
……………………………………………………………………….
6. monopoly monolith monogamy monocot monokini
………………………………………………………………………
7. plump plume plumb plumage plum tomato
…………………………………………………………………………
8. serially serious series serif serial
…………………………………………………………………………
9. crag craft crack cradle crab
…………………………………………………………………………
10. drank drama drape drain drag
…………………………………………………………………………
11. ease eat each eagle ear
…………………………………………………………………………
12. balky lanky hanky donkey monkey
………………………………………………………………………

Instant Practice
Name at the following pictures and put the words in alphabetical order.

……………………… ……………………… ………………………

……………………… ……………………… ………………………
……………………… ……………………… ………………………

……………………… ……………………… ………………………
monkey rabbit puppy leopard lion elephant
hyena calf camel cat kitten dog

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following words with their plurals.
woman elephants
calf rooms
elf sheep
fish halves
shelf singers
half women
singer calves
sheep elves
elephant fish
room shelves
Match the following.
a lot of boy
a heap of debris
a pile of money
a bundle books
a number sticks

GET
STARTED NOUNS
2
Chapter
Read the following description.
Ben is a little boy. He lives in a big city. He is

from Kathmandu. It is the capital of Nepal.
Ben likes to play with his truck and toy cars.
The cars can go very fast. He has five story
books, eight textbooks and three packet
pencils. He likes apples to grapes. He is fond
of drinking milk and coffee. He always takes
biscuits with milk in the morning. Mohan is
his father. He has a poultry farm. There are broilers, layers and ducks in
the farm. Mina is his mother. She is an accountant. She works in a bank.
Ben has a sister. Her name is Sally and she is 4 years old. Sally has a doll.
The name of Sally’s doll is Tammy. Sally likes to dress Tammy in pretty
clothes. She always carries her pet in her bag. She has got a pet cat, too.
The name of her cat is Lovely. She likes to play with her doll and pet. She
feeds the cat with fish. Lovely catches mouse sometimes. She likes playing
with them.
Do You Know?
In the text given above, the coloured words are nouns. They are naming
words. They are words denoting a person, place, animal, thing, group,
quality or action.

Speaking
Practice
Answer these questions based on the given text.

a. What is the name of the boy?
b. What is the name of the girl?
c. Where do Ben and Sally live?
d. Who are their father and mother?
e. What toys do they have?
f. What are there in the farm?
Instant Practice
Write any five nouns in each column.
People
Places
Things
Animals
Listening Practice
Repeat these words after your teacher.
People: Ben, boy, Mohan, Father, Mina, accountant, sister, Sally
Places: city, Kathmandu, capital, Nepal, poultry farm, bank
Things: truck, toy cars, books, textbooks, pencils, milk, coffee, doll,
clothes
Animals: broilers, layers, ducks, fish, pet, cat, Lovely, mouse

Instant Practice
Underline nouns in the following sentences.
1. Aman is a boy. He lives in the village.
2. Sarita is a girl. She lives in Pokhara.
3. I have bought a cupboard. I keep my books and clothes in it.
4. As television is not working, I use my mobile for news update.
5. Nepal is an agricultural country.
6. The tiger is a ferocious animal.
7. Elephants are the largest living animals on earth.
8. Dogs love bones.
9. Cats love fish.
10. My brother loves tea to coffee.
Now put the underlined nouns in either of the columns.
People
Places
Things
Animals

Instant Practice
Tell whether each noun below is a person, a place, or a thing.
Jubal ______________ cafeteria _______________
flower _______________ bedroom _______________
woman ______________ firefighter _______________
newspaper ______________ Dhading _______________
breakfast _______________ raindrop _______________
jar _______________ Dr. K. C. _______________
Grammar Focus: Singular and Plural Nouns
Read these sentences.
There is a
There are three dogs. She has a calf. I have two calves.
dog.
I have an She has two

This is a tree. These are trees.
umbrella. umbrellas.
Quick Tip
Nouns can be singular or plural. When we are talking about just one
thing or person, we use a singular noun. When we are talking about
more than one thing or person, we use a plural noun. The words dog,
calf, tree and umbrella are singular nouns whereas dogs, calves,
trees and umbrellas are plural nouns.

Formation of Plural Nouns
Add Words Example
ending
-es ch beach- inch- match- watch-
beaches inches matches watches
s bus- octopus- syllabus- virus-
buses octopuses syllabuses viruses
sh dish- brush- thrush- bush-
dishes brushes thrushes bushes
ss boss- dress- glass- kiss-
bosses dresses glasses kisses
x six- box- fox- tax-
sixes boxes foxes taxes
-s/es -o dynamo- studio- photo- tattoo-
dynamos studios photos tattoos
buffalo- potato- echo- tomato-
buffaloes potatoes echoes tomatoes
hero- tornado- mosquito-

heroes tornadoes mosquitoes
-ies -y beauty- fairy- cherry- family-
beauties fairies cherries families
curry- diary- spy- duty-
curries diaries spies duties
-s -y chimney- kidney- donkey- monkey-
chimneys kidneys donkeys monkeys
guys- toys- jersy- key-
guys toys jerseys keys

-ves -f calf- life- elf- loaf-
calves lives elves loaves
half- sheaf- knife- thief-
halves sheaves knives thieves
leaf- wife-
leaves wives
-s -f/fe chef- chief- reef-
chefs chiefs reefs
roof- giraffe- safe- cliff-
roofs giraffes safes cliffs
-s/ -f dwarf- handkerchief- hoof-
ves dwarves handkerchiefs hooves
scarf-scarfs/ turf-turfs/ wharf-wharfs/
scarves turves wharves
 We change the vowels of some nouns to make them plural.
axis-axes goose-geese cactus-cacti louse-lice crisis-crises
mouse-mice oasis-oases fungus-fungi tooth-teeth datum-data
 We add –en or –ren.

ox-oxen child-children
 Some nouns have same singular and plural forms.

advice, knowledge, aircraft, music, baggage, news, cattle, offspring, cod,
scenery, deer, series, fish, sheep, furniture, species, information

Instant Practice
Change the following underlined nouns into their plural forms.
1. Monkey sat on the tree.
2. The house caught fire.
3. The dog barked at the fox.
4. The bush has white rose.
5. The cat ate a mouse.
6. The clock was ticking.
7. The girl is playing with doll.
8. The table has so much dust.
9. The pond is full of fish.
10. An apple a day keeps you away from doctor.
Instant Practice
Underline singular nouns and circle plural nouns in the sentences
below.
1. Ankita is eating a peach.
2. Bire flew a kite in the park.
3. The clock was broken.
4. Mr. Neupane corrected the test papers.
5. Six dogs ran across the sidewalk.
6. Mina is reading an exciting book about plants.
7. Naman painted a pretty picture.
8. Giriraj played the guitar.

9. Lale answered the question correctly.
10. Yaman dribbled the basketball.
11. Lalita munched some cookies.
12. Hema drove her car to work.
13. Some students are playing outside.
14. They are baseball players.
15. How many books have you brought?
Instant Practice
Put the following words in either of the columns.
kite ruler trucks computer spoons class
babies year mangoes notebooks copy balls
foxes bushes switch wives laptop men
guitar fan postcards bag knives leaf
women foot benches yaks room pan
Singular Plural
Instant Practice
Change these words into plural.
key __________ bike __________
lady __________ child __________
donkey __________ house __________
photo __________ pond __________

knife __________ rabbit __________
deer __________ sky __________
sheep __________ owl __________
chair __________ hero __________
poster __________ dish __________
window __________ buffalo __________
bus __________ church __________
cockroach __________ box __________
Grammar Focus: Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Look and read.
Countable Nouns Uncountable Nouns
one horse one bus tea coffee
two balls two rhinos milk sugar
three cats three ants sand rice

Quick Tip
Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Objects that we can count
are countable nouns. Objects that we cannot count are uncountable
nouns. Here, horse, bus, balls, rhinos, cats and ants are countable
nouns whereas tea, coffee, milk, sugar, sand and rice are uncountable
nouns.
Speaking
Practice
Say whether the underlined nouns are countable or uncountable.
1. Joyti apologized for her rudeness.
2. There are ten apples in the basket.
3. I need some sugar in my coffee.
4. Water is essential for life.
5. Sabin should trim his hair timely.
6. I have a dog which likes to eat meat.
7. The sky is full of stars today.
8. We will be taking four boxes of chocolates.
9. Success is not the key to happiness.
10. I like rice with my chicken curry.

Listening Practice
Countable Uncountable
chair, copy, trousers, tongs, curd, water, milk, sugar, sand,
bucket, girls, oxen, children, toys, tea, coffee, milk, soup, hair, salt,
computers, house, cows, dogs, cats, ice, juice, mud, butter, oil, blood,
buses, utensil, jug, television, jacket, toothpaste, dust, powder, snow,
elephant, class, story, baby, men pulses, rice, mustard
Uncountable nouns do not take any articles a, an and the before them.
They cannot be changed into plural forms.
I drink milk. I drink a milk.
She likes dessert. She likes desserts.
Coffee is a favourite drink. Coffee is a favourite drinks.
Please give me some rice. Please give me some rices.
Countable nouns take articles a, an and the before them. They can be
changed into plural forms, too.
I have a unique pen. He has many pens.
It is an apple. Apples are grown in Mustang.
He plays the flute well. The boy in red hat is my brother.

Instant Practice
Correct the following sentences.
He always drinks a cup of teas. ________________________
Put some salts in that glass. __________________________
I do not take much sugars in coffees. __________________________
Do you like any curds? __________________________
Ghee is made up of butters. __________________________
Instant Practice
Choose the correct nouns given in the brackets and fill in the blanks.
1. He shifted all his ____________ (furniture/furnitures) to his new house.
2. He gave the shopkeeper a hundred ____________ (rupee/rupees) note.
3. The old man cannot see without his ____________ (spectacle/
spectacles).
4. I cut the string with a pair of ____________ (scissor/scissors).
5. The (cattle/cattles) ____________ are grazing in the field.
6. I have got some ____________ (dollars/dollar).
7. This (new/news) ____________ is very important.
8. I haven’t had much ____________ (rices/rice).
9. I like to hear different kinds of ____________ (musics/music).
10. There are three ____________ (peoples/people) here.
11. He is wearing a red ____________ . (cap / caps)
12. She has many ____________. (toy / toys)

13. Is this your ____________? (bags / bag)
14. I have two ____________ . (eye / eyes)
Instant Practice
Circle uncountable nouns.
box bread leaf parrot butter cheese
chocolate flour honey Coke Sprite house
kerosene surf watch detergent pot hair
beer bear deer wine wind wolf
jackal saliva spit rat gunpowder hen
Instant Practice
Match the following uncountable nouns with their countable nouns.
bread a bottle/pouch of oil
butter a cup/glass of coffee
cheese a sheet/piece of paper
coffee a jar/mug of water
meat a kg/pound of meat
oil a spoon/pinch of sugar
paper a packet/stick of butter
sugar a loaf/slice of bread
water a slice/piece of cheese
Grammar Focus: Common and Proper Nouns
Read these sentences.
Amar is a boy.
Amrit is his father.

Aruna is his mother.
Rina is his sister.
Rikesh is his brother.
Lovely is his dog.
Pretty is his cat.
English is his best subject.
Kathmandu is a city he lives in.
Now put the coloured nouns in correct columns.

Common Noun Proper Noun
Quick Tip
Nouns can be common or proper. Common nouns are the common
names of a person, place or thing. Proper nouns are the specific names
of person, place or things. Common nouns are capitalized only if they
are used as the subject of a sentence but proper nouns are always
written in capital letters. The noun words like boy, father, mother,
sister, brother, dog, cat, subject and city are common nouns. Noun
words like Amar, Amrit, Aruna, Rina, Rikesh, Lovely, Pretty,
English and Kathmandu are proper or specific nouns.

Speaking
Practice
Say whether the underlined nouns are C for common or P for proper
1. Pogba is a football player.
2. Rajesh Hamal is an actor.
3. Mohan Baidya is a politician.
4. Govinda K. C. is a doctor.
5. Rishi Dhamala is a journalist.
Listening Practice
Rajan, Dinesh, Dip, Kamal, Kiran, Mohan, Mahesh,
BOYS
Krishal, Ram, Lal, Hem, Ishwor
Unisha, Simron, Monika, Manisha, Ritu, Bandana,
GIRLS
Kalpana, Karishma, Laxmi, Sima
Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Dharan,
CITIES
Mahendranagar, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur
Gangajamuna, Thakre, Ghatbeshi, Taribeshi, Salyantar,
VILLAGES
Budhathum, Lakuwa
The Himalayan Times, The Kathmandu Post, The
NEWSPAPERS
Republica, The Kantipur Daily, The Nagarik Dainik
Muna, Nepal, Himal, Scholar, Wisdom, Nari, Samaya,
MAGAZINES
Shishyak
Paralko Ago, The Blue Mimosa, Muna Madan, Sakuntal,
BOOKS
Yogamaya, Saya, Himali Kiran
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday,
DAYS
Saturday

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August,
MONTHS
September, October, November, December
SEASONS Autumn, Summer, Winter, Spring
Nepal, India, China, Canada, Pakistan, Austria,

COUNTRIES
Hongkong, Britain
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe,
CONTINENTS
Antarctica
Rajesh Hamal, Nikhil Upreti, Bhuwan K. C., Anmol K.
ACTORS
C., Biraj Bhatta
Neymar, Paras, Serena, Kobe Bryant, Bimal Gharti,
PLAYERS
Gyanendra Malla, Dipak Bista, Sangina Baidhya
Rekha Thapa, Karisma Manandhar, Sangita Luitel, Jal
ACTRESS
Shah, Mithila Sharma
Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Bhanubhakta Acharya,
POETS
Balkrishna Sam, Bhairab Aryal
POETESS Parijat, Yogamaya, Jhamak Kumari Ghimire
Singha Durbar, Kathmandu Mall, Buddha Mall, B.G

BUILDINGS
Mall, The City Mall, Bishal Bazar
CINEMAS Bishow Jyoti, Guna, Gopi Krishna, Hiraratna
MOTORCYCLE Pulsar, Shine, Honda, Apache
Football, Basketball, Volleyball, Tennis, Badminton,

GAMES
Cricket, Chess
MOUNTAINS Mt. Everest, Mt. Annapurna, Mt. Losthe, Mt. Langtang
Pradip Gyawali, Gagan Thapa, Gokarna Bista, Mohan

LEADERS
Baidhya

Instant Practice
Match the following common nouns with their proper nouns.
man Hari Bansa Acharya
woman Nima Rumba
month Jumla
country Saturday
day Nigeria
festival Hitman
river March
district Gandaki
singer Tihar
actor Manamaya
Instant Practice
Write proper noun for the following common nouns.
Common Noun Proper Noun Common Noun Proper Noun
dog toothpaste
cat bike
horse car
parrot temple
school poet
college leader
singer teacher
actress nurse
doctor cricketer
footballer magician
bank hotel

Instant Practice
Underline proper nouns in the following sentences.
1. Uncle Mohan is a lawyer.
2. Arati and Anita are going to the beach for a swim.
3. One day Ali Baba saw forty thieves hiding in a cave.
4. Next Tuesday is a public holiday.
5. Mr. Nawaraj is reading a book.
6. Many children enjoyed the movie Lion King.
7. July is often the hottest month in summer.
8. The old woman asked Cinderella how she was.
Instant Practice
Underline common nouns in these sentences.
1. Anil has a lovely doll.
2. Dina hates snakes.
3. We must eat healthy food.
4. Every child has a dictionary.
5. Here’s a book for you.
6. I like reading stories.
7. My father is a teacher.
8. The phone is ringing.
9. There’s a little bird in the garden.
10. Who is your coach?

Instant Practice
Write C for common and P for proper before each noun.
1. _______ the White House
2. _______ the green dress
3. _______the tall building
4. _______the Empire State Building
5. _______ the Yellow River
6. _______ the muddy river
7. _______ the governor
8. _______ Governor Parker
9. _______ the Oregon Trail
10. _______ the winding trail
Instant Practice
Underline the nouns that should be capitalized. Circle the nouns that
should not be capitalized.
1. We had a Surprise Party for aunt Himani.
2. The students visited Chitwan national Park.
3. The Manager scolded his lazy Servant hem.
4. The Capital of nepal is kathmandu.
5. Spring and autumn are my favourite Seasons.
6. Robert louis Stevenson wrote treasure island.
7. My Friends and I prefer Pepsodent toothpaste.
8. Juna and mina attend santinikunja Middle school.

Grammar Focus: Gender Nouns
Read the following gender nouns.
Masculine Feminine Masculine Feminine
boy girl man woman
father mother king queen
uncle aunt husband wife
waiter waitress nephew niece
prince princess grandfather grandmother
son daughter father in law mother in law
bride bridegroom wizard witch
Quick Tip
Masculine nouns are words for men and boys, and male animals.
Feminine nouns are words for women and girls, and female
animals.
Instant Practice
Fill in each blank with a suitable masculine or feminine noun.
1. The host and the _______ welcomed their guests.
2. The steward and the _____ look after the passengers on the plane.
3. My uncle and ________ live in Nebraska.
4. The king and the _______ had two children, a boy and a _____. The prince
was eight and the_______ was five.
5. Ladies and ______, welcome to our party this evening.

Instant Practice
Look at the words and write each word under its correct heading.
witch king boy son father girl
mother queen wizard empress husband lioness
madam master mother niece tiger uncle
Masculine Feminine
Instant Practice
Write feminine noun of the following masculine nouns.
actor ________ brother ________
emperor ________ father ________
gentleman ________ grandfather ________
grandson ________ headmaster ________
man ________ master ________
nephew ________ prince ________
son ________ steward ________
uncle ________ wizard ________

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following synonyms.
afraid road
cold jump
gift ill
pull scared
rug chilly
street clever
leap throw
sick carpet
smart tug
toss present

GET
STARTED PRONOUNS
3
Chapter
Look and learn.
I am Krishna Thapa.
Everyone calls me Kris.
Manu and I are twin brothers.

We read in grade three.
Our aim is to be a doctor.
Are you a doctor?

Everyone respects you.
Saru is a girl.
She is very diligent.
Her handwriting is excellent, too.

Herman is my friend.
He is one legged boy.
Everyone helps him in need.
There is a cat.
It is fond of fish.
I like it very much.
Jit and Lal are lazy.

They always go to school late.
Teachers scold them bitterly.
Do You Know ?
The coloured words are pronouns. They are used in place of nouns.
They are used to avoid unnecessary repetition of nouns in writing.
Listening Practice
Repeat these pronouns after your teacher.
Person Subjective Objective Possessive Self-forms
case case P1 P2
1st I me my mine myself
we us our ours ourselves
2nd you you your yours yourself/
yourselves
3rd she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it it its itself
they them their theirs themselves

Instant Practice
Underline pronouns in the following sentences.
1. The coat is new. It is red.
2. The sheep are in the field. They are grazing.
3. My sister and I were sleeping when we heard a loud noise.
4. I like Hem and Tom. They are my best friends.
5. Manish has a brother. He loves him very much.
6. My father is working on his laptop. It is new.
7. My dog plays with toy. It likes to chew it.
8. They have invited you and me at the party.
Speaking
Practice
Act out the following conversation.

Teacher: So you want to learn to speak English?
Student: Yes, I want to be able to speak well.
Teacher: I don’t see that as a problem.
Student: Yes, that’s easy for you to say.
Teacher: What makes you say that?
Student: Just because you are a native speaker.
Teacher: I understand what you mean.
Student: So what am I going to do?
Teacher: Well, if you desire, I could give you lessons next week.
Student: That sounds very good for me. I’ll see you next week.

Grammar Focus: Subject Pronouns
Read and observe.
I am a boy. I study in grade three. We are players. We play cricket.
You are a girl. You are our friend. He is my brother. He studies in grade
one.
She is our teacher. She teaches us It is our school. It is very big.

English.
They are my sheep. They like You are sick. You cannot go to school
grazing. today.
Quick Tip
Subject pronouns are those that are used as the subject of a sentence.
I, we, you, he, she, it and they are subject pronouns.

Instant Practice
Underline subject pronouns in the following sentences.
1. Bob, you are a bad dog!
2. Dip and I are playing football. We like sports.
3. Jitu and Hem are my brothers. They are older than I am.
4. My father works hard. He works in a factory.
5. My name is Mina. I am fourteen.
6. My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
7. Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
8. Karan is a doctor. He works in Teaching Hospital.
9. You are my best friend.
10. Sona and Mona are sisters. They go to school together.
Grammar Focus: Object Pronouns

Read and observe.
PRONOUNS
My name is Rita. Everyone loves me in Mr. Sharma teaches us English.

the family.

He may give you a toy. I saw him on the way to school.
I think there is a cat? Did you see

She scolded him very bitterly.
it?
My grandfather told them a story. Maya always asks me a

question.
Quick Tip
Object pronouns are those that are used as the object of a sentence.
Me, us, you, him, her, it and them are object pronouns.
Instant Practice
Underline object pronouns in the following sentences.
1. I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
2. Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.

3. Where is Mohan? I need to speak to him.
4. Miss Gita is very nice. All the children like her.
5. The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
6. Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.
7. My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
8. These sweets are date expired. I threw them.
Instant Practice
Replace the coloured words with suitable subject or object pronouns.
1. Maya likes apples. Maya is eating apples now.
2. Hari goes to school on foot. Hari walks every day.
3. My house is beautiful. My house is painted.
4. Sony and Sonam are friends. Sony loves Sonam.
5. Look at these monkeys. Monkeys are in the tree.
6. Prem and Pranish are students. Prem helps Pranish.
7. This is my house. I like my house very much.
8. Mohan and Mahesh are brothers. Mohan and Mahesh’s father scolded
Mohan and Mahesh.
9. Lalu and I are roommates. Lalu and I help each other.
10. There is a sick dog. The students tease the sick dog.

Grammar Focus: Replacing Nouns
Look and read.
Replacing
Sentences Nouns
Pronoun
Kamal is a teacher. He teaches English. Kamal he
Karuna is a nurse. She takes care of sick Karuna she
people.
Hem and Harry are brothers. They go to Hem and Harry they
school together.
Joyal and I are boys. We play together. Joyal and I we
The dog is sick. It is dying soon. The dog it
Our school is new. It is painted red. Our school it
Apples are sweet. They keep us healthy. Apples they
Quick Tip
Nouns are replaced by pronouns in a sentence. Pronouns are used to
avoid the repetition of nouns in a sentence.
Instant Practice
Replace the coloured words with suitable pronouns.
1. Father and mother are like god.
2. I know Amar and Amar knows me.
3. My brother is very handsome.
4. My father is a businessman.
5. My school is a higher secondary school.
6. My sister is beautiful.

7. My uncle in not married yet.
8. Ram and Roman are playing chess.
9. Sima helps Kamala and Kamala helps Sima.
10. The cat is lying on the floor.
Instant Practice
Replace the coloured words with suitable pronouns.
1. My sisters love novels. This is for my sisters.
2. Hari and Mohan are good boys.
3. Kamala and Kiran are late for school.
4. Kamal and I are sick today.
5. The children came to visit the farm.
6. Cars are very expensive these days.
7. The old man died yesterday.
8. Two girls are coming here.
9. Salt and sugar taste differently.
10. The cats are quarrelling.
Grammar Focus: Self Pronouns
Look and read.
I cut my finger myself.
We prepared the cake by ourselves.
Be careful not to cut yourself with that sickle.
Come in, everybody, and find yourselves a seat.
Monika fell and hurt herself.

My uncle built this computer himself.
This cat washes itself after every feast.
They cleaned their room all by themselves.
One should work hard oneself.
The door itself is quite heavy.
You yourself know about it.
Teaching oneself to swim can be dangerous.
Quick Tip
Self or reflexive pronouns are words that refer to the noun or pronoun
that is the subject of the verb. The words myself, ourselves,
yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, itself and themselves are self
pronouns.
Listening Practice
Repeat these self pronouns after your teacher.
I: myself.
You: yourself (singular)
yourselves (plural)
He: himself
She: herself.
It: itself
We: ourselves
They: themselves

Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with correct self pronouns.
1. Sometimes I wash the dishes all by ___________.
2. Dad had an accident. He cut _____with a knife.
3. Sally washes the car by ______.
4. Do you think the doctor can cure ______ when he is ill?
5. The cat stays clean by licking ______.
6. Anna and Mary made the dinner all by _______.
7. Mom lets me walk to school by _______.
8. Can you dress _______, boys and girls?
9. David can swim all by ______ now.
10. This light is automatic. It switches ______ on at night.
11. My sister cooks by ______.
12. The teacher ______ is late today.
Grammar Focus: Demonstrative Pronouns
Look and read.
Singular: this, that Plural: these, those
This is my desk. These are my pets.
This is the Min’s house. These are sheep.

That is my friend’s house. Those are horses
That is a goat. Those are dogs
Quick Tip
The words this, these, that and those are called demonstrative
pronouns. They are showing words. The words this and that are used
with singular countable nouns but these and those are used plural
countable nouns. This and these are used to show near objects but
that and those are used to show far objects.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with this or these.
___________ book ___________ books
___________ cap ___________ caps
___________ house ___________ houses
___________ man ___________ men
___________ cow ___________ cows

___________ school ___________ schools
___________ monkey ___________ monkeys
___________ girl ___________ girls
___________ ball ___________ balls
___________ boy ___________ boys
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with that or those.
___________ cat ___________ cats
___________ can ___________ cans
___________ donkey ___________ donkeys
___________ woman ___________ women
___________ parrot ___________ parrots
___________ room ___________ rooms
___________ laptop ___________ laptops
___________ gun ___________ guns
___________ bat ___________ bats
___________ bird ___________ birds

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following words with their opposites.
gain scatter
gather unkind
gentle lose
genuine take
give fake
glad bright
gloomy sad
good unimportant
great terrible
glorious bad
Encircle the odd word one out.

barber friend tailor woodcutter
wood silver bronze gold
cut trim donkey shave
coin money bank saddle
blue brown black coin

GET
STARTED ARTICLES
4
Chapter
Read the following text.
An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which

fish swim about. An aquarium can be a small
container for a few goldfish. It can also be
a building that displays a large collection of
water animals. Aquariums give people the
chance to observe an ecosystem very different
from their own.
Home aquariums can be as small as a bowl or as large as an entire wall. For

their fish to survive, owners must make sure that the water is at the right
temperature. They must not put too many fish or natural enemies together.
They also must provide the right type and amount of food.
Do You Know?
The words a, an and the in the above given text are articles. They are
demonstrative adjectives. There are two types of articles in English.
Articles
Indefinite-A/AN Definite-THE

Speaking
Practice
a. Is the word ‘aquarium’ singular or plural?
b. Why is there no article before the word ‘aquariums’?
c. Does the word ‘building’ start with a vowel or consonant sound?
d. Does the word ‘entire’ start with a vowel or consonant sound?
e. Why is ‘an’ used with the word ‘aquarium’?
f. Why is ‘a’ used with the word ‘bowl’?
Listening Practice
Repeat after your teacher.
A AN THE NO ARTICLE
a bottle an airport the sun some water
a book an inkpot the tallest some sugar
a cell phone an insect the Ramayana five liter oil
a mango an egg the flute two spoonful salt
a table an ostrich the third last Saturday
a cat an arrow the Rising Nepal green colour
a man an owl the Gandaki white flour

Grammar Focus: Indefinite Article: A/An
Indefinite Article: A
Look and read.
a pen a marker a sharpener a book
a cat a dog a tortoise a rabbit
a hen a crow a parrot a sparrow
a doll a fan a watch a hat
a cake a banana a balloon a mouse

Quick Tip
A is used before singular countable nouns starting with consonant
sound. It is used with consonant letters B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M,
N, P, Q R, S, T, V, W, X, Y and Z.
Look at the following sentences.
This is a van. This is a plate. This is a glass. This is a fan.
Now look at these sentences.
These are vans. These are plates. These are glasses. These are fans.
Quick Tip
We use ‘a’ only with singular and countable nouns (van, plate,
glass, fan) starting with consonant sound (v, p, g, f). We do not use
article with plural nouns (vans, plates, glasses, fans).

Indefinite Article: An
Look and read.
an ink pot an old man an umbrella an ant
an engine an astronaut an onion an ox
an arm an exercise book an officer an angry man
an igloo an orange an alligator an eraser
an aunt an English teacher an eggplant an axe

Quick Tip
An is used before singular countable nouns starting with
vowel sound. It is used with vowel letters A, E, I, O and U.
Look at the following sentences.
This is an This is an insect. This is an urn. This is an apple

octopus. tree.
Now look at these sentences.
These are These are These are These are apple

octopuses. insects. urns. trees.
Quick Tip
We use an only with singular and countable nouns (octopus, insect,
urn, apple tree) starting with vowel sound (o, i, u, a). We do not use
article with plural nouns (octopuses, insects, urns, apple trees).

Instant Practice
Fill in the gaps with ‘a’ or ‘an’ where necessary.
____ rose ____hat ____mouse
____ oak tree ____shy person ____hero
____ inspector ____erasable board ____bat
____ oasis ____dog ____kitten
____ early riser ____inkstand ____fat man
____ obese boy ____pencil ____worm
____ overweight girl ____cap ____architect
____ round table ____dolphin ____ant colony
____ occupier ____air force ____examiner
____ eucalyptus tree ____creature ____egg crate
Instant Practice
Write one word using ‘a’ or ‘an’ for the following letters.
a an alarm clock n
b o
c p
d q
e r
f s
g t
h u
i v

j w
k x
m y
n a nun z
Instant Practice
Fill in the gaps with ‘a’ or ‘an’ where necessary.
……….. uncle ……….. gander ……….. princess ……….. queen
……….. peahen …….. elephant ……….. cousin ……….. nephew
…….. daughter ……….. goose ……….. rooster ……….. minister
……….. tiger ……….. parent ……….. leopard ……….. tigress
……….. lemons ……….. foxes …… apple tree ……….. ape
……….. team ….. bottle of ink ……old temple ……….. red car
……….. buses ……….. ashtray ……ocher colour ……….. boxes
… acute disease …….. eagle ……..tomatoes …… clear view
…abnormal child ……….. vulture …….. pumpkin ….... foolish man
……….churches ……….. arrow ……….. pin ……….. wolf
………cute baby …….. army bag ……….. apples ……….. room
……….. lion ……..aged man ……….. motor ……….. ship
……….. peaches ……….. amber …intelligent man ……….. latch
Grammar Focus: Definite Article: THE

Look and read.
the Veda the Himalayan Times the Koshi

the sun the violin the biggest house
the telephone the heart the shortest
Quick Tip
The is used before the specific nouns. The nouns Veda, Himalayan
Times, Koshi, sun, violin, biggest house, telephone, heart and
shortest are definite nouns.
Listening Practice
Rivers, seas, oceans: the Gandaki, the Nile, the Red sea, the Indian
Ocean
Musical instruments: the flute, the piano, the harmonium, the guitar
Museums and libraries: the Chhauni museum, the national museum, the
British library
Mountain Ranges: the Churia range, the Himalayas, the Annapurna
range
Hotels, theaters: the Soaltee, the Barahai Movies
Historical buildings: the Taj Mahal, the Kathmandu Mall, the Buddha
Mall
Deserts: the Sahara, the Thar
Canals: the Gandak Canal, the Panama Canal
Directions: the east, the north, the west, the south

Organs: the heart, the head
Holy books/groups: the Ramayana, the Bible, the Quran
Article ‘the’ is used before unique thing that is only one in the world.
the sun the moon the Mt. Everest the Taj Mahal the Great Wall
‘The’ is used for the repeated nouns.
I saw a boy yesterday. The boy was one eyed.
He has bought a car. The car is red.
She gave a coin to a beggar. The beggar was sick.
A boy got accident last Saturday. The boy died on Sunday.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.
__________ owl __________ ear
__________ moon __________Bagmati
__________ rocket __________ Hanging Garden
__________ Missouri River __________ West Indies
_________ apron __________ Kathmandu Post
__________ mango __________ shortest
_________ sun __________ mat
__________ animal __________acre land
__________ page __________ aid
__________ eagle __________ telescope
_________ computer __________ baby
Instant Practice
Write ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ in the blanks to complete the sentences.
1. There is ________ rainbow in ________ sky.
2. Who is ________ man outside ______ gate?
3. ________ doctor gave Jane ________ injection.

4. Paul opened ________ door to let ________ dog in.
5. Manish is ________ only child in _______ family.
6. What’s ______ largest animal in ________ world?
7. There’s ________ nest in ________ tree.
8. Sarita is writing ________ letter to her grandfather.
9. Jitu has ________ brother and ________ sister.
10. We reached ________ top of ______ hill in two hours.
Instant Practice
Complete the following passage below with correct articles.
Once ____king lived in ____ huge palace. _____palace was enclosed
by ____ beautiful garden. There was ____apple tree that always produced
golden apples in ____garden. One day, ____king found that ____thief was
stealing _____golden apples from _____tree. He was very angry at ____
thief. He sent his guards to catch ____thief. But _____guards could not
catch ___thief. ____king felt very sad.
Vocabulary in Use
Match the following synonyms.
ask finish
begin drop
yearly collect
centre enormous
choose gloomy
dull select
end middle
fall annually
gather start
huge inquire

GET
STARTED VERBS
5
Chapter

Deiderius Erasmus was born in Rotterdam in Holland, in
1466 or 1469 but it is difficult to know exactly
when. His mother and father died when he was 15
years old. He went to school, in Holland, where he
was a very good student of Latin. When he finished
school, he studied at the University of Paris. Later
he worked as a teacher there for some years. After
that he travelled to England and he became a
professor at Cambridge University. When he was in England he made many
friends including King Henry VIII. After that Erasmus moved all over Europe.
There were many universities in Europe. He lived and worked there. He
studied Greek and Latin. Erasmus died in Switzerland on 12th July 1536.
Do You Know?
In the above given text, the coloured words are verbs. They perform
different actions in sentences.
Speaking
Practice
Answer these questions based on the given description.

a. Tell any one auxiliary verb.
b. Tell any two main verbs.
c. What is auxiliary verb?
d. What is main verb?

Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs Main/Action Verbs
Grammar Focus: Auxiliary Verbs

Look and read.
I am a singer. He is a doctor. We are mountaineers.
He has cut his finger. We have bought a car. I had met him
yesterday.
We were at the park He was in the garden He does exercise daily.

yesterday. then.

Quick Tip
Words that express some form of action are called verbs. Most verbs
are action words. They tell you what people, animals or things are
doing. Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs. They are used to make
sentences in different tenses.
Is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, may, will, shall,
could, might, would, should, must, ought to, dare to, need to and used to
are auxiliary verbs.
More on Auxiliary verbs
Am, Is, Are
I am Niraj Regmi.
I am nine years old.
I am a boy.
I am a student.
I am fond of singing songs.
Mina is my sister.
She is six years old.
She is a little girl.
She is fond of playing with her doll.
She is a lovely girl.
Kamal and Bimal are brothers.
They are helpful to each other.
They are kind and good mannered.
They are fond of playing football.
They are neither fat nor slim

Quick Tip
We use am with I only as a subject. We use is with he, she and it as
a subject. We use are with we, you and they. All these verbs are used
in present tense. They are the different form of the verb ‘be’.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with ‘am’, ‘is’ or ‘are’.
1. They ________ my good friends.
2. He ________ a soldier.
3. You ________ taller than me.
4. She ________ ill.
5. We ________ very hungry.
6. It ________ a sunny day.
7. I ________ angry with you.
8. You ________ all welcome to my house.
9. John’s dog ________ very friendly.
10. Robert ________ ten years old.
11. These flowers ________ very pretty.
12. The two schools ________ close to each other.
13. Mathematics ________ not a very difficult subject.
14. ________ dinner ready?
15. This computer ________ very easy to use.
16. All the windows ________ open.
17. Sue and Jane ________ neighbours.
18. His hair ________ curly.
19. It _____raining now.
20. You ______a careless person.

Instant Practice
Make as many sentences as possible from the table.
He
She
It
The boy is
The girl
My father
Maya
Suraj reading.
I am eating.
We
coming.
You
They
The boys are
The girls
My father and mother
Maya and Mina
Suraj and Suman
Was, Were
It was Mina’s birthday yesterday.
Mina was at her birthday party.
Maya was with Mina.
Mina was singing and dancing.
Maya was singing too.

There were many people at the
party.
Most of her friends were there.
Her parents were there too.
All of them were happy.
Her brothers were managing the
party.
Quick Tip
We use was with I, he, she and it as a subject. We use were with you,
we and they as a subject. All these verbs are used in past tense. They
are the different form of the verb ‘be’.
Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences with was or were.
1. He is present today. Yesterday he____absent in class.
2. Today is Sunday. Yesterday ____Saturday.
3. I am happy today. I ___sad yesterday.
4. I am walking now. I ____travelling by bus yesterday.
5. We are in Kathmandu. We ____in Illam last week.
6. They are friendly now. They ____fighting last Sunday.
7. I am playing volleyball now. I ___playing table tennis then.
8. It is sunny day today. It ___raining all day yesterday.
9. I am painting the wall now. I ____sleeping at this time yesterday.
10. These dogs are quiet today. They ___barking all night yesterday.

Instant Practice
He
She
It
The boy was
The girl
My father
Maya
Suraj reading.
We eating.
You coming.
They
The boys were
The girls
Maya and Mina
Suraj and Suman
Have, Has
Kamal and Hem They have a lot You have a new

I have a doll.
have a toy car. of money. bag.

She has an Ram has a The table has
He has a pencil.
umbrella. watch. four legs.
Quick Tip
We use have with I, we, they and you as a subject. We use has
with he, she and it as a subject. All these verbs are used in present
tense. They are the different form of the verb ‘have’.
Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences with have or has.
1. My school ___a playground.
2. We ____ a very good teacher.
3. The boy ____a red hat.
4. It ____a unique taste.
5. They ____ five pencils each.
6. You ____ an important lesson to learn.
7. He ____ bought an umbrella.
8. Sima ____completed her homework.
9. These players ____ won many medals.
10. A book ____a lot of lessons.

Instant Practice
He
She
It
The boy
The girl
has
My father
Maya
Suraj
My sister
My brother
Aunt some sweets.
Uncle
been sleeping.
I
We
You
They
The boys have
The girls
Maya and Mina
Suraj and Suman
My brothers
My sisters
The visitors
The guests

Grammar Focus: Main Verbs
Look and read.
I eat an apple every He plays football on We climbed mountain.

day. Saturdays.
He cut his finger He bought a car last I met him yesterday.

yesterday. Saturday.
We were sitting at the He was playing in the He ran after the dog.
park yesterday. garden then.
Quick Tip
The words like eat, plays, climbed, cut, bought, met, sitting,
playing and ran are main verbs. They are action words. They are
performing different actions in the given pictures. They are used to
discuss about an action, a state or an occurrence.

Look and read.
I cook rice. cook- V1
I cooked rice. cooked- V2
I have cooked rice. cooked- V3
I am cooking rice. cooking- V4
He cooks rice. cooks- V5
Listening Practice
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
eat ate eaten eating eats
play played played playing plays
go went gone going goes
call called called calling calls
say said said saying says
give gave given giving gives
take took taken taking takes
sing sang sung singing sings
dance danced danced dancing dances
hear heard heard hearing hears
pay paid paid paying pays
exploit exploited exploited exploiting exploits

Forms of Main Verb
Singular and Plural Verb
Present Plural: V1 eat, play, go, call, say, give, take, sing, dance
Present Singular: V5 eats, plays, goes, calls, says, gives, takes, sings,
dances
Regular Verb
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
play played played playing plays
call called called calling calls
dance danced danced dancing dances
look looked looked looking looks
walk walked walked walking walks
cook cooked cooked cooking cooks
Irregular Verb
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
cut cut cut cutting cuts
read read read reading reads
find found found finding finds
drive drove driven driving drives
buy bought bought buying buys
Instant Practice
Complete the following table.
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
accept
bake
curse
dry

hand
jump
mark
save
try
work
climb
fly
graze
swim
run
cry
scold
fall
get
keep
make
sell
Instant Practice
Underline auxiliary verbs in the following sentences.
1. I am a hardworking boy.
2. He is from the USA.
3. We are moving to Kathmandu.
4. It was a nice day yesterday.
5. They were at the party too.
6. I have an urgent piece of work.
7. He has many European friends.
8. You had a car, didn’t you?

9. You do it now.
10. What did you do yesterday?
11. He does everything on time.
12. It will rain today.
13. I may call you later.
14. What shall I do for you?
15. He used to sing songs.
Instant Practice
Underline main verbs in the following sentences.
1. Slow and steady wins the race.
2. He goes to school on foot.
3. She ate pizza yesterday.
4. I have visited the Taj Mahal once.
5. Two and two makes four.
6. He prepares a cup of tea.
7. It rained heavily yesterday.
8. I sing a song.
9. My mother cooked delicious food.
10. His father has gone to Kathmandu.
11. A lion caught a small mouse.
12. The mouse asked for an excuse.
13. The lion laughed at the mouse.
14. Even a mouse helps the lion sometimes.
15. We walk to school together.

Instant Practice
Underline verbs in the following texts and list them in the following
table.
Three Bears
Do you know that there are eight different kinds of bears found around the
world? Three very different ones are polar bears, grizzly bears and Giant
Pandas.
Polar bears live in the Arctic Circle, near the North
Pole. Polar bears stay warm in very cold temperatures
because they have a layer of fat, called blubber, and
because they are covered in two layers of fur. Polar
bears are excellent swimmers and have short claws to
help them walk across ice and snow. Polar bears mostly eat seals, but they
will eat other arctic animals as well.
Grizzly bears can be found in Asia, Europe, and North
America. Grizzly bears like to eat plants, mammals
and fish. They can run over thirty miles per hour. Even
though grizzly bears are very big and strong, their cubs
only weigh one pound when they are born.
The Giant Panda lives in China and has black and white fur. This bear eats
up to thirty pounds of bamboo every day. The Giant
Panda is an endangered animal because many of the
forests where they live have been destroyed. Many
people work hard to protect Giant Pandas.
Auxiliary Verbs Main verbs

Vocabulary in Use
Circle the odd one out.

demolish destroy wreck restore
depart leave exit arrive
withdraw deposit store place
love hate detest loathe
destitute poor wealthy penniless
laugh smile cackle cry
attach separate detach remove
encourage inspire discourage support
generous kind liberal tightfisted
weak strong forceful powerful
Join these words that go together.
bread cold
eat thirsty
hot play
hungry butter
work drink

GET
STARTED ADJECTIVES 6
Chapter

My name is Mahesh Regmi. I study in grade three. I live
in a small village. It is very far from the district headquarter.
It is a remote village in Nepal. My village is very
beautiful. It is clean. Many hard working people
live here. They are kind and gentle. My village
has many fast flowing streams and other resources.
The water is pure. The climate is pleasant. The environment
is green everywhere. The white snow capped mountains
tease us every day. We can eat fresh and healthy food here. There were
some poor people in the village but most of them are rich now because
of commercial farming. Most of the young people are educated while
old ones are still illiterate. Facilities like roads, drinking water,
communication, school and many more are available here.
Do You Know?
The coloured words in the given text are adjectives. they are words that
describe a noun or pronoun.
Speaking
Practice

a. How is his village?
b. How are the people?
c. How is the water?
d. What type of food is found there?
e. Why are people rich now?

Quick Tip
An adjective is a word that modifies, or qualifies, a noun or
pronoun, in one of three forms of comparative degree: positive
strong, beautiful, comparative stronger, more beautiful, or superlative
strongest, most beautiful.
From the text write adjectives that describe the following nouns.
_____ village _____village _____climate
_____ people _____streams _____farming
_____mountains _____food _____environment
_____people _____ people _____grade
Listening Practice
brave soldiers angry man smart boys foolish monkey
sad song old man heavy rain many people
empty room one boy two girls three houses
thin boy tall tree fat man small house
cotton clothes woolen suit leather shoes plastic bag
blue pant yellow river black belt red hat
green forest white house round table oval face
Instant Practice
Underline adjectives in the following sentences.
1. A greedy fox is coming here.
2. I saw a big elephant yesterday.
3. You are a lazy girl.

4. He is a young boy.
5. My grandfather is very old person.
6. I always carry eight books.
7. My bag is made up of leather.
8. Food is not fresh in Kathmandu.
9. Kathmandu is a crowded city.
10. The sun is very hot.
Instant Practice
Match the noun words with their appropriate adjective words.
narrow boy
tall hair
sharp night
dark knives
deep lane
long ocean
red pillar
green playground
smart vegetables
large rose
Grammar Focus: Types of Adjectives
Look and read.
a yellow car a heavy luggage an expensive bag hot tea

cold drinks a rainy day a rich man a dirty boy
a sweet candy a long neck a sick person curly hair

Adjectives are describing words. Here are some more describing
words.
Quality : young, adult, hard, soft, lonely, strong, dull, intelligent, easy,
difficult, good, bad, honest, obedient, silly, friendly, brave,
angry, smart, handsome, stupid, foolish, happy, sad, old, etc.
Quantity : numerous, abundant, empty, few, full, heavy, many, etc.
Number : five thousands, ten lakhs, one, two, three, four, two hundred,
etc.
Size : tall, fat, small, long, short, thin, etc.
Shape : triangular, circular, round, flat, oval, slant, etc.
Material : plastic, golden, leather, cotton, woolen, etc.
Colour : yellow, black, red, green, white, blue, brown, etc.
Instant Practice
Read these phrases and complete the following table.
a red cap a tall boy a long rope three dogs

an honest boy a small girl a white cat a round cake
six players a thick box a green tree an oval face
a stupid person a rectangular a short boy a huge ship

room
Quality
Number
Shape
Size
Colour

Grammar Focus: Adjectives of Comparison
Look and read.
A is tall. B is taller than A. C is the tallest of all.
Calculator is cheaper Balloons are the cheapest

Camera ischeap.
than camera. of all.
A bus runs fast. A car runs faster than An aeroplane is the fastest
a bus. of all.

The cat is big. The cow is bigger than The elephant is the
the cat. biggest of all.
500 1 KG
gm
50 gram is heavy. 500 gram is heavier 1 kg is the heaviest of all.

than 50 gram.
Quick Tip
The degrees of comparison are known as the positive, the
comparative, and the superlative. The words tall, cheap, fast, big and
heavy are in positive degree. Words like taller, cheaper, faster, bigger
and heavier are in comparative degree. Words like tallest, cheapest,
fastest, biggest and heaviest are in superlative degree.
Grammar Focus: Formation of Comparative and Superlative

1. Adjective + -er / -est: Adjective of one syllable adds-er in the
comparative form and -est in superlative form.
cheap cheaper cheapest
cold colder coldest
hard harder hardest

old older oldest
sharp sharper sharpest
2. Adjective + -r/-st: One syllable adjectives ending in -e add -r in
the comparative form and -st in the superlative form.
brave braver bravest
fine finer finest
large larger largest
nice nicer nicest
true truer truest
3. Double consonant + -er\-est
wet wetter wettest
slim slimmer slimmest
sad sadder saddest
hot hotter hottest
big bigger biggest
4. i + -er/-est: If a one- syllable adjective ends in consonant + -y,- y is
changed into -i when -er/ -est is added.
ugly uglier ugliest
pretty prettier prettiest
heavy heavier heaviest
happy happier happiest
dry drier driest
5. Irregular comparatives and superlatives
bad worse worst
far further farthest
good better best
little less least
much more most

6. Adjectives of more than two syllables form their comparative/
superlative by adding more to the comparative form and most in the
superlative:
valuable more valuable most valuable
useful more useful most useful
expensive more expensive most expensive
exciting more exciting most exciting
cheerful more cheerful most cheerful
Instant Practice
State the coloured adjectives in comparative and superlative form.
1. He is tall. tall taller tallest
2. Grisma is pretty.
3. Binod is intelligent.
4. This book is interesting.
5. Sabin is young.
6. The City Centre is beautiful.
7. The Bagmati River is long.
8. This street is wide.
9. John is a good student.
10. This exercise is easy.
11. This building is safe.
12. He always comes early.

Instant Practice
Write the comparative and superlative form of the following adjectives.
Positive Comparative Superlative
big
bright
busy
cold
dark
fast
funny
happy
hard
high
hot
large
mad
nice
quick
rich
small
tall
warm
young
Instant Practice
Express the words in parentheses in comparative form.
1. Dip can run much ______ than I. (fast).
2. Kaman comes here______ than he did before. (frequent)
3. Hema comes here______ than Naina. (late)
4. He studies______ than Mary. (serious)

5. He will arrive _____ than they. (soon)
6. I go there ____ than he does. (regular)
7. I go to bed______ than you. (late)
8. Jubal works_____ than Aman. (carefully)
9. She plays the guitar______ than anyone else. (good)
10. She works _____ than I. (hard)
11. They came to work _____ than usual. (early)
12. They get up every morning______ than we. (early)
Vocabulary in Use
Circle the odd one out.
handy inconvenient useful convenient
soft hard rigid firm
help assist aid hinder
high elevated towering low
honest truthful sincere dishonest
cold chilly hot freezing
rough coarse smooth bumpy
angry furious mad happy
false fake true untrue
alike same different similar

GET
STARTED ADVERBS 7
Chapter

Almost all people do not feel good when
it rains. But whenever it rains, I feel very
good. I always take my camera and walk
outside the house clicking pictures. I
sometimes catch a cold but I never mind it.
However it rarely rains over here.
There are hardly any dirty leaves. The dust on tree leaves is washed
away slowly. Pictures of raindrops on leaves are extremelybeautiful. I have
collected quite many such pictures.
I have kept all my photographs in an album properly. Now, I have a
small collection of recently taken photographs perfectly collected in
an album. Thus, I am planning for a photography exhibition this year.
Do You Know?
In the above given text, the coloured words are adverbs. They are
modifiers.
Speaking
Practice
Say what words are adverbs in the following sentences.

a. Almost all people do not feel good when it rains.
b. But whenever it rains, I feel very good.
c. I sometimes catch a cold but I never mind it.
d. There are hardly any dirty leaves.
e. The dust on tree leaves is washed away slowly.

Quick Tip
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb. Adverbs may indicate place or direction, time, degree, manner,
and belief or doubt. Like adjectives, they too may be comparative.
Look and read.

Mira sings beautifully.
The child is crying loudly.
I waited for my turn patiently.
Kamala dances very well.
The beggar is walking slowly.
Farmers work regularly.
I walked hurriedly.
The thief ran quickly.
They danced merrily.
Quick Tip
Adverbs tell us more about verbs.
Read and learn.

He always speaks politely. How: It tells about way or manner.
It was raining so I stayed inside. Where: It tells about place.
It is my birthday today. When: It tells about time.
I brush my teeth every day. How often: It tells about how frequent
the action is.

Quick Tip
Adverbs tell how, where, when, and frequency of an action.
Look and read.
HOW WHERE
He walks slowly. Ram, stand up!
The dog ran quickly. Please sit down!
I do my homework regularly. The dog is walking around the tree.
Please write neatly. I am pretty well here.
Do it quietly. What are you doing there?
I bit him badly. It is water everywhere.
The baby is walking lazily. The boys are playing outside.
WHEN FREQUENCY
It is very cold today. She often scolds her sister.
What did you do yesterday? He always walks on foot.
I will call you later. You never invite us.
I am reading now. I brush my teeth twice a day.
He will come soon. The clock strikes hourly.
She called me last week. I rarely sing songs.
We organize exhibition yearly. This is a weekly newspaper.

Listening Practice
Repeat these adjectives and adverbs after your teacher.
Adjective Adverb Adjective Adverb
bad badly loud loudly
beautiful beautifully month monthly
brave bravely nice nicely
bright brightly peaceful peacefully
careful carefully quick quickly
correct correctly quiet quietly
easy easily slow slowly
fierce fiercely soft softly
gentle gently sound soundly
glad gladly sweet sweetly
happy happily usual usually
heavy heavily week weekly
hour hourly year yearly
Instant Practice
Write how do you do the following things.
argue ______________ crawl ______________
fight ______________ give ______________
listen ______________ reply ______________
run ______________ shout ______________
sing ______________ speak ______________
trust ______________ walk ______________
work ______________ sleep ______________
sleep ______________ cry ______________
drink ______________ look ______________

Instant Practice
Underline adverbs in the following sentences.
1. Boys, dress yourself smartly.
2. They are living happily.
3. Don’t behave selfishly.
4. He is driving recklessly.
5. Most of the boys are singing sweetly.
6. The cheetah runs fast.
7. He speaks clearly.
8. Listen carefully.
9. Nepalese soldiers fought bravely.
10. She skated beautifully.
11. The dog is barking fiercely.
12. He told every answer correctly.
13. It is raining heavily.
14. The sun is shining brilliantly.
15. We must play skillfully.
Instant Practice
Underline adverbs in the following sentences.
1. An early bird catches the worm.
2. Do things differently.
3. He sat with me closely.
4. He speaks English well.

5. I am waiting for you eagerly.
6. I will call you again.
7. It snowed heavily last night.
8. It will be holiday tomorrow.
9. Mina wears her uniform untidily.
10. Please talk slowly.
11. She does everything nicely.
12. The bird sings sweetly.
13. The weather is fine this morning.
14. We arrived in Kathmandu safely.
15. You called me lately.
Instant Practice
Match the following words with correct adverbs.
drive soundly
drink hardly
shout properly
dress willingly
write politely
greet wildly
help slowly
do loudly
hit smartly
sleep legibly

Instant Practice
Fill in the banks with one of the adverbs from the box below.
1. He came back…………
2. I have been working…………….for 2 years.
3. He ……..walks barefoot.
4. She ………listens to us.
5. The teacher answered questions……..
6. It is raining…….outside.
7. We defeated them……
8. Birds sing………..
9. I can do it……..
10. Eat…….if you want to catch the first bus.
tactfully heavily easily sweetly effortlessly
immediately here always never quickly
Instant Practice
Change the following adjectives into adverbs.
strong _______________ sharp _______________
brilliant _______________ comfortable _______________
cruel _______________ clear _______________
regular _______________ immediate _______________
patient _______________ neat _______________
smart _______________ calm _______________
easy _______________ firm _______________

warm _______________ cold _______________
slow _______________ wise _______________
weak _______________ loud _______________
Vocabulary in Use
Match these people and creatures with their homes.
boarder monastery
convict lodging house
eskimo palace
gypsy log/cabin
king igloo
lodger prison
lumberman / jack caravan
lunatic asylum
man house
monk boarding house
Encircle the odd word.
bath shower toothbrush wash
duck goose swan frog
leaves banana mangoes oranges
summer winter spring falls
tusks trunk feet rocks

GET
STARTED SENTENCES
8
Chapter
Read the following sentences.

First Set Second Set
School is very important place. dogs pets to are wonderful have
Teachers teach you how to add and dogs tricks know do how to
subtract.
love to run they and play
You learn how to read books.
furry dogs are and very cute
You learn how to write and use
they animals are faithful
computers.
they when lick you love to you hug
It is important to go to school.
them
I love going to school.
fun to have they are
I think school is important for
kids.
Do You Know?
The words in the first set make sense but the second set has jumbled
words that do not make sense. The first set has words arranged in correct
order and correct punctuation mark. The second set does not have words
arranged in correct order and correct punctuation mark.
Speaking
Practice
Say whether these words are arranged in right order or not.

a. dogs tricks know do how to
b. Teachers teach you how to add and subtract.

c. You learn how to read books.
d. love to run they and play
e. they animals are faithful
f. I love going to school.
Listening Practice
Sentences Types
I have a pet dog. Assertive
He does not like meat. Negative
Are you fine? Interrogative
Help me. Imperative
What a cute baby! exclamatory
Look and read.
Letters Words Sentences
K A T I
Kathmandu I live in
L I V E I N
H M A N live in i Kathmandu.
D U
Quick Tip
Letters are combined to form words. Words are combined to form
sentences. Words in sentences have to be ordered properly to give
full meaning. Thus, a sentence is a group of words set together to
make complete sense.

Instant Practice
Write whether the following groups of words give sense or not.
1. where do to go you want
2. India is hotter than Nepal.
3. I am a student.
4. when to got have arrive I
5. Blood is thicker than water.
6. make manners a man
7. I drink coffee daily.
8. Help me to carry this lift.
9. I gave beggar the coin
10. she a nurse is
Instant Practice
Arrange the following group of words to make complete sentences.
1. what want you do
2. when you got to have go
3. where come do you from
4. himal to school goes
5. fast running the is boy
6. bikas name my is
7. now will he home go
8. is dog my hungry
9. school going to i am
10. a animal is pet cat
Read and learn.
Every sentence We are mortal. Sentences end with full stop

starts with the Are you typing this letter? (.), question mark (?)
capital letter. Speak politely. or exclamation mark
What a lovely flower it is! depending upon their types.

Proper nouns are always written in capital letters whether they come alone
or in a sentence.
I saw Rajesh at the party.
She is my sister Ritisha.
I live in Kathmandu.
We are going to Biratnagar.
It is a Honda bike.
I have a Samsung mobile.
Muna Madan was written by Laxmi Prasad Devkota.
Instant Practice
Rewrite these sentences making their first letters capital.
1. kamal is sick today.
2. dinesh has bought a computer.
3. the dog is chewing bone.
4. the players are practising day and night.
5. nima and mina like cats.
6. sabina is my best friend.
7. hem is our class teacher.
8. bina is walking along the road.
9. bipana is smartly dressed.
10. nabin looks very smart.

Instant Practice
Rewrite the following group of words with correct punctuation marks to
make them sentence.
1. kiran and mohan live in kathmandu
2. hichan and Sabina are going to pokhara
3. labish has a toy
4. nabina speaks fluently
5. the dog is chewing bone
6. my father is a teacher
7. amar did not invite me
8. mitra has a friend named mohan
9. binisha writes in red ink
10. saturday is holiday
Grammar Focus: Types of Sentences
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE
Cows eat grass. He is not working. Are you fine?
Blood is red. They are not good. Do you sing songs?
Dogs bark. We do not eat meat. Does he dance?
He sings songs. I do not speak English. Did you know?
She types fast. I am not fine today. Will you come?
We work hard. She does not work. Can you type fast?
EXCLAMATORY
IMPERATIVE
What a lovely flower!
Walk slowly.
How careful person!
Listen carefully.
What an idea!
Do it now.
How nice!
Don’t go there.
What a nice fellow!
Never tell a lie.
How careless person!
Please help me.
What a difficult task!

Instant Practice
Write the type of the following sentences.
1. Snakes move slowly.
2. She is not beautiful.
3. Are you singing songs?
4. Be quiet.
5. What a cute child!
6. This horse runs fast.
7. Is she a girl?
8. Help the poor.
9. He does not run fast.
10. How intelligent boy!
Instant Practice
Write the type of the following sentences.
1. Maya dances well.
2. I do not have any problem.
3. Work hard.
4. Are they players?
5. What dreadful accident!
6. He has seen us.
7. She does not write well.
8. Do we go there?
9. Hurry up!
10. How fool I am!

Vocabulary in Use
Match these people and creatures with their homes.
noble hotel, inn
nomad hostel
nun barracks
patient hospital
peasant prison
priest temple
prisoner cottage
soldier convent/nunnery
student tent
traveler castle
laugh smile giggle cry
cry weep sob yawn
read write listen honest
good bad naughty farmer
tall short dwarf wallet

GET
STARTED YES/NO QUESTIONS 9
Chapter

A: Is this a car?
B: No, it isn’t.
A: Is this a school bus?
B: Yes, it is.
A: Are they walking?
B: No, they are not.
A: Are the running?
B: Yes, they are.
A: Is the boy watching TV?
B: No, he is not.
A: Is the boy listening to radio?
B: Yes, he is.

A: Are these houses?
B: Yes, they are.
A: Are they big?
B: No, they are not.

Do You Know?
Yes/No questions are questions used to get answer whether yes or no.
They always start with auxiliary verbs.
Auxiliary Verbs
is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had, do, does, did, can, may, will, shall,
could, might, would, should, must, ought to, dare to, need to, used to
Listening Practice

A: Is this a washing machine? A: Is this a bird?
B: Yes, it is. B: No, it is not.

A: Is this a rose? A: Is this a table?
B: Yes, it is. B: Yes, it is.

A: Are these oranges? A: Are they running?
B: Yes, they are. B: No, they are not.

Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

Are you a student? Are you a girl?
Are you a boy? Are you tall?
Are you short? Is your father an officer?
Is your mother house wife? Do you like apples?
Do you like to play? Are you healthy?
Does your father love you? Does your mother love you?
Quick Tip
You ask a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ question to get yes or no as the answer. Use
the verbs be, have or do, or any of the helping verbs, to ask yes or no
questions. In questions, the helping or auxiliary verbs come before the
subject of the sentence. When be and have are used as ordinary verbs,
they come before the subjects, too.
Grammar Focus: Formation of Yes/No Questions

We use the auxiliary verbs is, am, are, was, were, have, has, had before the
subjects while forming yes/no questions.
Statement Yes/No Questions
He is a student. Is he a student?
I am a teacher. Am I a teacher?
We are from Siraha. Are we from Siraha?
He was a mason. Was he a mason?
They were singing. Were they singing?
I have dyed my hair. Have I dyed my hair?

He has invited us. Has he invited us?
We had played there. Had we played there?
Instant Practice
Change these statements into yes/no questions.
1. He is a carpenter.
2. We are sleeping.
3. I am from the village.
4. She was a mechanic.
5. They were singing.
6. I have seen it.
7. He has completed his project.
8. We had visited the temple.
9. He is my brother.
10. They are new students.
Instant Practice
Look at the following pictures and answer the following questions.

Are they students? Are they in class? Is this a bat?
Yes, they are. ………………… …………………

Is this a violin? Is this a screw? Are these nails?
………………… ………………… …………………

Is this a computer? Is this a keyboard? Is this an iron?
………………… ………………… …………………
Instant Practice
Look at the following pictures and answer the following questions.

Are these colours? Are these sticks? Are these turnips?
………………… ………………… …………………

Is this a fan? Is this a dog? Is this a hen?
………………… ………………… …………………

Are these dogs? Is this a motorbike? Is this a tiger?
………………… ………………… …………………
Vocabulary in Use
Match these words with their opposites.
humiliate dignify
humble snowy
sunny friendly
huge tiny
hostile dishonest
honest unfriendly
hold low
high release
hate soft
hard love
stove oven toaster school
hungry sleepy thirsty nearly
doctor tailor teacher cow
touch taste smell write
cut chop trim grow

GET
STARTED WH-QUESTIONS
10
Chapter

A: What is this? A: Who are they?
B: It is a mouse. B: They are students.

A: Who are these people? A: What are they doing?
B: They are players B: They are playing basketball.

A: What is she doing? A: How is the house?
B: She is sweeping. B: The house is very beautiful.

A: Where are they going? A: Why are they sitting together?
B:They are going to market.. B: They are sitting together to discuss.
Do You Know?
The words like what, where, how long, who, how many, whom and
whose are WH Words. These words are used while making WH
Questions.
Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

a. What is your name?
b. What class do you study in?
c. How old are you?
d. What does your father do?
e. What is your hobby?
f. Where do you live?
g. How long have you lived here?
h. Who do you live with?
i. How many people are there in your family?
j. Whom do you like most?
k. Whose pen is this?

Listening Practice
Repeat the following sentences after your teacher.
A: Who is that girl?
WHO
B: That girl is my sister Amrita.
A: When is your birthday?
WHEN
B: It is on Saturday.
A: What is there on the table?
WHAT
B: There is a radio on the table.
A: Why is she late?
WHY
B: She is late because she lost the way.
A: Where is your house?
WHERE
B: It is in Kathmandu.
A: Which is your bag?
WHICH
B: That red one.
A: Whose house it that?
WHOSE
B: That is my neighbour’s house.
A: How do you go to school?
HOW
B: I go to school by bus.
A: How old is your sister?
HOW OLD
B: She is three years old.
A: How many members are there in your house?
HOW MANY
B: There are five members in my house.
A: How often do you go for shopping?
HOW OFTEN
B: I go for shopping every Saturdays.

Quick Tip
If the WH- question word is the subject of the question, it comes
before the verb. WH- questions usually include the verbs be, have,
do, or any of the helping verbs.
Instant Practice
Use correct WH words to complete the following WH questions.
1. ________is your name?
2. ________do you live in?
3. ________do you live with?
4. ________is your birthday?
5. ________are you taking an umbrella?
6. ________many members are there in your family?
7. ________old is your sister?
8. ________pen is this?
9. ________are you crying?
10. ________is your hobby?
Instant Practice
Match the following Wh questions with their answers given below.
Questions Answers
My sister is the youngest member of
What is your favourite food?
my family.
How do you go to school? I was born in 2002.
When did you come in Kathmandu? I have got six boks.

I sometimes go to market to buy
Where were you born?
some goods.
Who is the youngest member of your
My favourite food is momo.
family?
When were you born? I go to school on foot.
Why do you go to market
I came in Kathmandu in 2012.
sometimes?
How many books have you got? I was born in the village.
Instant Practice
Look at the pictures and answer these questions.

How many flats are there in the house? Where is the boy taking his dog?
There are………………………… ………………………………..

Which colour is the car? Why is the boy very happy?
…………………………… ……………………………

What is the boy doing? Who are these people?
……………………………… ……………………………
Instant Practice
Fill in the blank spaces with who, which, whom or whose
1. ______ jacket do you like best, the blue one or the brown one?
2. With ______will you go to the theater tomorrow?
3. ______ will you ask for help?
4. ______are they talking about?
5. ______are those brown shoes under the chair?
6. ______are you talking to?
7. ______ was working in the office at 9 o´clock this morning?
8. With ______will you work on the thesis?
9. I don´t know______watch this is. Is it yours?
10. Is that the bus ______we must take?

Instant Practice
Read the following text and answer the given questions.
Sona and Mina are good friends. They study in Galaxy Public school. They
are in Grade II. Sona is very good at studies. She also has very good hand
writing. Mina is very good at drawing. She draws beautiful pictures. Sona
helps Mina in her study and Mina helps Sona in drawing. They both live in
Kamal Pokhari. They are very good students. All their teachers love them
very much.
a. Who are good friends?
b. Where do they study?
c. Which grade do they study in?
d. What is Mina good at?
e. What does Mina draw?
f. How do Sona and Mina help each other?
g. Where do they live in?
Instant Practice
Read the following text and answer the given questions.
An elephant is the biggest living animal on land. They live in forest. It is
quite huge in size. It is usually black or grey in colour. Elephants have four
legs, a long trunk and two white tusks near their trunk. Apart from this, they
have two big ears and a short tail. Elephants are vegetarian. They eat all kinds
of plants especially bananas. They are quite social, intelligent and useful
animals. They are used to carry logs of woods from one place to another.
They are good swimmers.
a. Which animal is the biggest living animal?
b. Where do elephants live?

c. What size is the elephant?
d. How many tusks do elephants have?
e. Why are they useful animals?
f. Who are good swimmers?
g. Which food do elephants eat?
Vocabulary in Use
Match the parents with their young ones.
bear fawn
boar kitten
buck (rabbit) puppy
cat piglet
deer cub
dog rack
goat foal
horse kid
kangaroo lamb
sheep joey

GET
STARTED
SIMPLE PRESENT
TENSE
11
Chapter

My name is Prakriti. I read
in grade three. I have many
friends. I play with them.
I like apples very much. I
love singing to dancing. I
prefer drawing, too.
I am Trajan. I study in grade

three. My sister studies in grade
one. My brother studies in grade
five. My brother helps me to do
my work. I help my sister to do
her homework.
Mina and Mohan are brother

and sister. They always compete
in skipping. Mina always beats
Mohan. Mohan feels sad and
plays well. He defeats Mina
sometimes
Do You Know?
The verbs like is, read, have, play, like, love, prefer, am, study, studies,
helps, help, are, compete, beats, feels, plays and defeats show the present
time. The root verbs are either in V1 or in V5 forms. Thus, they are in the
simple present tense.

Speaking
Practice
Look at the timetable of Binisha and say what she does every day.
5:00 am get up, do daily work
5:30 am do yoga
6:00 am go to temple
6:30 am practise dance
7:00 am practise mathematics
7:30 am practise science
8:00 am be ready for school
8:30 am go to school
Listening Practice
Repeat these sentences after your teacher.
The Indian elephant is smaller than the African elephant.
A newborn elephant weighs about 110 kg.
An adult eats lots of leaves and grass.
Adults look hairless.
A baby elephant is called a calf.
It lives to be eighty.
Its trunk is really a nose.
Its trunk can break branches.
Its habitat is being destroyed.
It is the second largest land animal.
A newborn calf is covered in fuzzy hair.
It uses its trunk to drink.
It breathes through its trunk.
The baby stays in the group until it is about ten years old.

The tip of its trunk can pick up a single berry.
Adults feed in the morning and evening.
Its trunk sucks up water and squirts it into its mouth.
Grammar Focus: What People Do
Look and read.

Himesh plays tennis. Min plays a football.
He is a tennis player. He is a footballer.

Kamal plays cricket. Sabina plays the piano.
He is a cricketer. She is a pianist.

NawRaj plays the guitar. The boy plays volleyball.
He is a guitarist. He is a volleyball player.

Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences with correct forms of verbs given
below.
1. A teacher ………in school.
2. A cobbler………shoes. check
cook
3. A washer man……..clothes.
paint
4. A boatman ……….boat. repair
5. A photographer……photos. row
sing
6. A painter……..the house. stitch
7. A tailor………clothes. take
teach
8. A doctor…….the patient.
wash
9. A cook ……food.
10. A singer……songs.
Grammar Focus: Facts
Look and read.
Water flows down. One year equals to 365 days.
Blood is red. The sun shines bright.
Water has no colour. Cats mew.
Night starts after day. Dogs bark.
Plants need water to survive. Birds sing.
There are seven days in a week. We wear warm clothes in winter.
A year has twelve months. We feel hot in summer.

Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences with correct forms of verbs given
below.
1. The sun….in the east.
2. The sun ……in the west. be
3. Cows ……grass. believe
come
4. A tigress….in a den. eat
5. We ….. food to survive. consume
go
6. Water…..no taste. have
7. Sunday…..before Monday. live
rise
8. Saturday…..holiday in Nepal.
set
9. We…..to temple to worship.
10. A theist …..in god.
Grammar Focus: Routine
Look and read.
Mina Riya Rina
Mina wakes up at 5:00 Riya wakes up at 5:30 Rina wakes up at 6:00
am. am. am.
She goes to temple at She goes to temple at She goes to temple at
5:30 am. 6:00 am. 6:30 am.
She practices maths at She practices maths at She practices maths at
6:00 am. 6:30 am. 7:00 am.
She practices science at She practices science at She practices science at
6:30 am. 7:00 am. 7:30 am.
She reads GK at 7:00 She reads GK at 7:30 She reads GK at 8:00
am. am. am.
She combs her hair at 7: She combs her hair at 8: She combs her hair at 8:
30 am. 00 am. 30 am.

She takes her meal at She takes her meal at She takes her meal at
8:00 am. 8:30 am. 9:00 am.
She goes to school at She goes to school at She goes to school at
8:30 am. 9:00 am. 9:30 am.
She reaches school on She reaches school later She reaches school later
time. than Mina. than Riya.
Instant Practice
Look at the following table and write about the time table of Nabina,
Naina and Niruta.
Work Nabina Naina Niruta
wake up 5:00 am 4:30 am 5:30 am
do yoga 5:30 am 5:00 am 6:00 am
go to temple 6:00 am 5:30 am 6:30 am
read social studies 5:30 am 6:00 am 7:00 am
practise maths 7:00 am 6:30 am 7:30 am
practise science 7:30 am 7:00 am 8:00 am
comb hair 8:00 am 7:30 am 8:30 am
take meal 8:0 am 8:00 am 9:00 am
go to school 9:00 am 8:30 am 9:30 am
Instant Practice
Make sentences from the table.
I
We
You to market.
They go rice.
Raj and Hem eat
The girls
Sony and Sonia

He
She
It goes to market.
Raj eats rice
The girl
My father
Sony
Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of verbs.
1. My father ……..me. (help, helps)
2. My mother…….food. (cook, cooks)
3. This road………to city. (lead, leads)
4. It …….some meaning. (has, have)
5. We ….. some apples. (have, has)
6. The boys…..with each other. (quarrel, quarrels)
7. Mina and I …….together. (walk, walks)
8. They …….a picture. (draw, draws)
9. My friends….fast. (type, types)
10. Manu ….in grade three. (study, studies)
Instant Practice
Read the following text and underline the verbs.
The source of all energy for ecosystems is the Sun. It lights and warms the
surface of our planet. It gives the energy needed to evaporate water from the
oceans and lakes, to form rain and snow. Sunlight also provides the energy
used by green plants to make the compounds that maintain their lives and
serve as food for all other organisms.

The Sun acts like a distant nuclear fusion reactor, radiating energy
out into space.Of the energy released by the Sun, only about one-billionth
reaches Earth – after a journey of about 150 million kilometres. Much of
the energy that reaches Earth’s atmosphere is filtered out before it reaches
the surface.
Vocabulary in Use
Match the parents with their young ones.
wallaby foal
wolf pup
zebra joey
seal cup
camel calf
stallion foal
pig joey
possum piglet
hen calf
cow chicks
Match the words with their meanings.
drag purse
in trouble put on
scream face difficulties
wallet cry loudly in terror
wear pull

GET
STARTED
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Chapter
12
TENSE
Look and read.

The boys are playing table tennis. She is sliding down.

The boys are running. The boy and the girl are skipping.

The boys are playing marbles. The photographer is taking photograph.

Do You Know?
The verbs like are playing, is sliding, are running, are skipping, are
playing and is taking say about something that is happening at the time
of speaking. They are in present continuous tense. The present
continuous tense uses – ing forms of the verbs in a sentence. It has the
structure Sub + Is/Am/Are + V4 + Obj.
Speaking
Practice
Look and answer.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7.
a. What are the boys doing in the first picture?

b. What is the boy doing in the second picture?
c. What is the girl doing in the third picture?
d. What is the girl doing in the fourth picture?
e. What are the girls doing in the fifth picture?
f. What are the boys doing in the sixth picture?
g. What is the girl doing in the last picture?

Listening Practice
Read and listen.
I am playing cricket. We are going to market.
You are sleeping now. He is working on his computer.
She is washing clothes. It is raining outside.
They are singing songs. Maya is running outside.
Mohan is drawing a picture. Sony and Mina are sitting under a tree.
Use of Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is used to refer to an action that is happening/going
on at the time of speaking.

The boy is playing with his toy car. The girl is doing craft work.

The girl is riding her scooter. The girl is swinging.

Instant Practice
Make sentences from the table.
I am
We
You
They are
The boys
The girls
These children
She playing a game.
He singing a song.
It
Raman is
Riana
The boy
The girl
My brother
Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences using correct form of the verb in
present continuous tense.
1. The workers …….the road. (repair)
2. The fan ………on the ceiling. (hang)

3. Ratan ……….. (cry) over spilt milk.
4. Tina ……… with her brother. (play)
5. Carpenter …… a table. (make)
6. The dog …….. bone. (chew)
7. Our mother ……food. (cook)
8. Father ……… in the field. (work)
9. Diya …….her teeth. (brush)
10. I …….my shoes. (polish)
Instant Practice
Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the verb in
present continuous tense.
1. These students …..a lot of noise. (make)
2. Listen! Someone ……. (cry)
3. Our children ……cartoon. (watch)
4. She ……her homework. (do)
5. Karina …….at the party. (dance)
6. He …….his brother. (help)
7. My sister …….grass. (cut)
8. Hemanta …..bath now. (take)
9. It …..heavily outside now. (rain)
10. Kamala …….to type. (learn)

Vocabulary in Use
Match the following objects and sounds.
door patter
raindrops bang
drum throb
heart beat
paper buzz
saws crinkle
water howl
wind bubble
steam hiss
siren wail

GET
STARTED SIMPLE PAST TENSE 13
Chapter
Read and learn.
Once upon a time there lived a cat and a dog. They were friends. One night,
the cat invited the dog for the party at his house. The dog happily accepted
the invitation. It went there.
The cat played the fraud. The dog happily clapped his hands. Suddenly, they
saw a crow flying in the sky. It jumped over the moon. The dog laughed.
Just then, they saw a dish and a spoon running away from the party together.
And they laughed even louder. After that they became the best friends.
Do You Know?
The coloured words lived, were, invited, accepted, went, played,
clapped, saw, jumped, laughed and became tell us past actions.
They are in simple past tense. The structure of simple past tense is
Sub + V2 + Obj.
Speaking
Practice
Answer the following questions.

1. What did you do yesterday?
______________________
2. Where did you go yesterday?
______________________

3. When did you buy your computer?
______________________
4. How did you go to school?
______________________
5. At what time did you wake up this morning?
______________________
6. What did you eat yesterday?
______________________
7. What did your father buy you at Dashain?
______________________
8. Why did you cry yesterday?
______________________
Listening Practice
V1 V2 V1 V2
become became play played
begin began eat ate
break broke see saw
blow blew fly flew
cry cried paint painted
cut cut turn turned
dig dug bark barked
enter entered bring brought
fill filled clean cleaned
get got clear cleared
hand handed dry dried
iron ironed fry fried
jump jumped list listed
rest rested climb climbed
tease teased think thought

Simple past tense is used to describe the completed actions some time
ago in the past.

We were at the meeting yesterday. Dip taught Dipa in the class
yesterday.

The teacher delivered a lesson two I was at the doctor’s yesterday.
days ago.
Instant Practice
Change these sentences into simple past tense.
1. I sing a song.
2. We cook food.
3. You call me.
4. They write an essay.
5. She plants crops.
6. He draws a picture.
7. It smells bad.
8. The boy works hard.
9. The school is very far.
10. The river has yellow water.

Instant Practice
Write the simple past tense of these verbs on the blanks.
1. eat ____________ 7. ask ____________
2. go ____________ 8. swim ____________
3. rest ____________ 9. speak ____________
4. shout ____________ 10. ring ____________
5. worship ____________ 11. chase ____________
6. fill ____________ 12. cry ____________
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks choosing correct verbs from brackets.
1. I …….my grandparents yesterday. (visit, visited)
2. We ……..cricket there. (play, played)
3. You ……. at the party last week. (be, were)
4. They ……. us at the party. (invite, invited)
5. He …….. a picture on Friday. (draw, drew)
6. She …….. her clothes on Friday. (stitch, stitched)
7. The dog ……two days ago. (die, died)
8. My brother …….. to the USA last year. (go, went)
9. He …… me yesterday. (invite, invited)
10. She …… me a lie. (tell, told)
Instant Practice
Choose the correct verb.
Yesterday, I dream/dreamt about a magic rabbit. I see/saw myself staring
into a mirror. Suddenly, A rabbit wearing a red pointed hat come/came
out of my hair. It sit/sat on my head grinning at me. Then, it stand/stood
up and wave/waved at me. I throw/threw my comb at the mirror. The rabbit
smartly catch/caught it in his mouth and start/started hitting my head with
it. Then after, I wake/woke up to find a tiny red hat on my pillow!

Instant Practice
Complete the following story using correct form of verbs.
An ant …….into water. (fall)
Seeing it a dove …….a leaf. (drop)
The ant…….on it and came out. (climb)
The ant …….to repay the debt. (promise)
One day the ant …..a hunter going to shoot at the dove. (see)
The ant……the hunter on his leg. (bite)
The hunter ….. in pain. (cry)
The dove….away. (fly)
The dove…..the ant. (thank)
The ant …..that he just repaid the debt. (say)
Both …..best friend forever. (become)
Vocabulary in Use
Match the following animals with their group names.
monkey kennel
bear murder
bee herd
boar chowder
buffalo flock
camel herd
cat sounder
cattle band
crow sloth
dog hive

GET
STARTED
SIMPLE FUTURE 14
Chapter
TENSE
Read the following texts.

Tomorrow I will travel to a
swimming pool.
I will take my sister with me.
I will learn to swim there.
I will eat an ice-cream.
I will capture many photos.
I will have a lot of fun there.
I will put on swimming costume.
Tomorrow I will stay at home.
I will watch TV.
I will practise table tennis.
I will take a bath.
I will complete my project work.
I will go out in the evening with my
father.
I will play clash ash.
I will sing a song.
Do You Know ?
The coloured words will travel, will take, will put on, will learn, will eat,
will capture, will have, will stay, will watch, will practise, will take, will
complete and will go tell us about future actions. They are in simple future
tense. The structure of simple future tense is Sub + Will/Shall + V1 +
Obj.

Speaking
Practice
Ask and answer.

1. What will you do at school tomorrow?
______________________
2. What will you do at home tomorrow?
______________________
3. What will you do on Parent’s Day next month?
______________________
4. Where will you go on Saturday?
______________________
5. What will you do next week?
______________________
Listening Practice
Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense
I eat an apple. I ate an apple. I will eat an apple.
He sings a song. He sang a song. He will sing a song.
We visit the park. We visited the park. We will visit the park.
She writes a letter. She wrote a letter. She will write a letter.
They plant trees. They planted trees. They will plant trees.
You buy a car. You bought a car. You will buy a car.

Rita cuts vegetables. Rita cut vegetables. Rita will cut vegetables.
He makes a doll. He made a doll. He will make a doll.
The dog chews a bone. The dog chewed a The dog will chew a
bone. bone.
They drink tea. They drank tea. They will drink tea.
Simple future tense is used to describe the future actions. We use will+
verb in simple future tense.

The boys will play football tomorrow. My sister and I will practise guitar
tomorrow.

I will visit Pashupatinath on Saturday. Hira will blow balloons on her
birthday.

Sabina will draw a picture of her. The hen will hatch an egg
house tomorrow today.

Instant Practice
Change these sentences into simple future tense.
1. I play a game.
2. We draw a picture.
3. You sing a song.
4. He goes shopping.
5. She takes photos.
6. The dog bites us.
7. They buy a car.
8. We clean the house.
9. Mother prepares food.
10. Father brings a computer.
Instant Practice
Rearrange the words and make sentences.
1. will/tell/She/a/joke.
2. pencil/Maya/will/buy/a.
3. Bina/visit/will/her/grandmother.
4. later/will/you/call/I.
5. I/go/will/to/Manang/tomorrow.
6. will/They/a/trip/take.
7. She/this/paper/will/tear.
8. We/play/will/volleyball.
9. I/dance/will/party/the/at.
10. They/meet/us/will.

Instant Practice
Write any five things you will do tomorrow.
1. …………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………
4. ……………………………………………………………………
5. …………………………………………………………………………
Vocabulary in Use
Match the following animals with their male names.
donkey bull
buffalo jackass
cat dog
dog tom
deer gander
goose stag
hare stallion
horse buck
sheep lobster
cock ram
Match the words with their meanings.
cool as thunder
noise like hot cakes
sell like snow
white as a cucumber

GET
STARTED
PREPOSITIONS 15
Chapter
Maya’s cat was missing and she

started looking around the house for
it. She opened her closet and looked
inside but the cat was not there. She
went to the bedroom and crawled on
the floor to look under the bed. She
searched in the kitchen and bathroom
but found nothing. Since her cat could not be seen anywhere inside the house,
Maya decided to go outside to give it a try. Just as she was about to open the
door, the doorbell rang. It was her neighbour, Mrs. Mira. Mrs. Mira pointed
at the top of a nearby tree. “Look, Maya! Your cat is in the tree!” Mrs. Mira
began to describe how she found the cat. According to her, she was cleaning
the windows when she heard a noise coming from the tree in front of her
house. She looked up and saw the cat on one of the branches high above the
ground. Instead of ignoring the cat, Mrs. Mira decided to tell Maya. Thanks
to Mrs. Mira’s help, Maya was able to rescue it.
Do You Know?
In the above given text, the coloured words are prepositions. They are
used before a noun or pronoun to show, time, place, position or method.

Speaking
Practice

a. Where did Maya start looking for the cat?
b. What did she do in the bedroom?
c. Where was her cat?
d. Where was the noise coming from?
e. Why did Maya decide to go outside?
Quick Tip
Words that combine with a noun or pronoun to form a phrase are
termed as prepositions. They show relationship.
Listening Practice
There is a book on the desk.
The cat is in the box.
The flower container is at the corner.
Nepal lies between India and China.
The birds are flying over the house.
The dog is sitting behind the car.
My house is beside the supermarket.
There is a clock above the bed.

Grammar Focus: Preposition of Time
AT: specific time IN: non specific time ON: days and date
at 2:00 pm during a day: in the on Sunday
at 5 o’clock morning, in the afternoon,
on Monday
at dawn in the evening
on Saturdays
at dusk month: in January
on May 23, 2018
at noon year: in 2018
on April 10, 2019
at night season: in summer
on June 2, 2019
at sunrise long period of time: in
the next century, in the
at sunset
past
at dinnertime
He saw me in May. I will come there on Tuesday.

It rained at 2 o’clock yesterday. Can we meet on Saturday?
Does it rain in December? Let’s meet at 7:00 pm today.
The programme is on my birthday. I come home in the afternoon.
We take rest at night. I was born on 23rd June 2010.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with on, in or at.
1. My class starts ____the morning.
2. He sent a gift ____my birthday.
3. She always wakes up _____ five every day.

4. I feel good _____ dinnertime.

5. People lived in the cave ____the past.
6. It is holiday _____24th May, 2019.
7. The bell rings ____ 9:00 am.
8. We met _____January.
9. I visited her ___noon.
10. The village bus leaves ____time.
Grammar Focus: Preposition of Place and Location

Look and read.
The rabbit is under the table The rabbit is on the table.
The rabbit is in the box. The rabbit is next to the box.
The rabbit is in front of the box. The rabbit is behind the box.

The rabbit is between the boxes. The horseman is riding along the
shoreline.
The cloud is above the house. The bridge is over the river.
Instant Practice
Look and write.
Where is the ball? Where is the ball? Where is the ball?

…………………… …………………… ………………………
Where is the ball? Where is the ball? Where is the ball ?

………………………. …………………… ………………………

Grammar Focus: Other Prepositions
Look and read.
The boy is sitting with She is picking book She got a drink after
his mom. from the library. gym.
School
School
The temple is opposite The dog is among the The man is running
the school. boys across the road.
Instant Practice
Look and write.
The kitten is ___ the I bought medicine ____ He got a glass of milk
woman. the store. ____ exercise.
The school is ____ the The cat is ____ the The dog ran ___the
temple dog. bridge.

The boys are ____ the The teacher is ____the The boy is ____the
class. class. tree.
Instant Practice
Look at the following pictures and fill in the blanks with correct
prepositions.

They played with colour….Holi. Our class starts…..9 o’clock.
(on, in, at) (on, in, at)

The students are ……the class. The mouse is ……the box.


The cock is…..the roof. The books are…..the table.

The cat is …. the table. The boy is ….mother and sister.
(in, under) (among, between)

The bridge is…..river. The boy is ……hospital.
(over, above) (in, at)

The rabbit is ….the tree. The boys met…school.
(under, in front of) (in, at)

Instant Practice
Look at the following pictures and write one sentence to each
preposition.
on under/below over/above in behind
in front of between into out of up
through across beside/next to around
Instant Practice
Read the following dialogue and complete the sentences using at, in or
on.
Peter: The bus is supposed to come (1) _____ 8:20 am and it’s already
8:30 am.
Jane: I hope it comes soon. I don’t want to be late. What time do you have
to be (2) _____ class?
Peter: My first class is (3) _____ 9:00 am, but my teacher is never (4) _____
time for class.
Jane: How lucky! My teacher gives us penalty for being late. I usually
arrive just (5) _____ time, just before my teacher starts keeping
records of students who are late.

Peter: I understand it is always very hard to wake up (6) _____ the
morning, especially (7) _____ Mondays.
Jane: Yes, I know. I tend to study late (8) _____ night and find it very
hard to get up the next day. It gets worse (9) _____ the winter.
Peter: Oh! The bus is finally here. Let’s get (10) _____!
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with preposition of place.
1. The boys are swimming…..the river.
2. She is ……school now. In
3. The books are …..the table. On
4. Put those apples …..the basket. At
5. There are three pockets …….this pant. Under
6. The dog is sitting ……..the car.
7. He is standing …..the bus station.
8. We met ….the concert.
9. They live …….Kamal Pokhari.
10. We are playing……the park.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with preposition of time.
1. We are visiting the zoo……Saturday.
In
2. I was born ……….4th December, 2002.
On
3. He was born ……June. At
4. My father works……night.

5. He sells newspaper………the morning.
6. I go to dance class ….the evening.
7. We play with colours…….Holi.
8. Dashain falls ……autumn.
9. Our school starts……9:00 am.
10. I called my friends…..my birthday.
Vocabulary in Use
Match the following animals with their female names.
donkey cow
buffalo jenny
cat bitch
dog queen
deer doe
goose doe
hare goose
horse hen
sheep ewe
cock mare

GET
STARTED
CONJUNCTIONS 16
Chapter
Look and read.

Heman and Hem are brothers. I fell ill, so I went to hospital.

The boys are happy because playing A cat is an animal but a parrot is a
baseball is fun. bird.
Dip always plays football as it is his favourite sport.
The dog is running in order to catch the cricket

ball.

Do I want popcorn or pizza?

Do You Know?
In the given sentences, the coloured words are conjunctions. They are also
called connectors. They connect two different ideas.
Speaking
Practice
Say what words are connectives in the following sentences.

1. I have a pencil and an eraser.
2. Pratik is poor but he is happy.
3. I did not go swimming because it was raining.
4. It was raining so the game was cancelled.
5. Do you prefer tea or coffee?
6. He went to school although he was sick.
7. Partita does not run, nor does she swim.
8. He swims after he runs.
9. Wash your hand before you take your meal.
10. She wants to lose weight so she runs every day.
Listening Practice
1. I enjoy tea and cookies when I eat a snack.
2. We got wet because we did not have umbrella.

3. I called him but he did not receive my call.
4. I don’t have money so I cannot buy it.
5. Do you like to wear shorts or trousers?
6. I take milk and sugar in my tea.
7. As I was sick, I did not go to school.
8. Although they are poor, they are happy.
Grammar Focus: Different Connectives
AND
Mina and Sarita are sisters.
Herman is a doctor and Selma is a nurse.
We buy fruit and vegetables at the grocery store.
The PM visited towns and cities across the country.
There were several cars and trucks in the street.
Quick Tip
And joins words or sentences having similar ideas.
BUT
He works quickly but neatly.
The teacher is firm but fair with the children.
Taekwondo is tiring but one can have fun.
The class was interesting but very long.
Elephants are big but they are gentle.

Quick Tip
But joins ideas that are opposites.
BECAUSE
I slept the whole day because I was not feeling well.
The children went inside because it had started to rain.
I will go to the movies tomorrow because it is my holiday.
I can’t play football because I have a broken leg.
The tea tasted horrible because I put too much sugar in it.
Quick Tip
Because is used to show reason.
OR
You can have a cold drink or hot drink.
Would you like tea or coffee?
Who is coming with you, Mom or Dad?
Does this orange taste sweet or sour?
Should they go on foot or by bus?
Quick Tip
Or is used to show choice.
IF
You can borrow my pen, if you like.
If you’re not careful, you may hurt yourself.
If there’s no rice in the cupboard, we’ll buy some more.

If we don’t work hard, we’ll never learn.
You’ll get sick if you don’t eat good food.
Quick Tip
If is used to show condition.
BEFORE
Stop and look before you cross the road.
I’ll do my homework before I have my dinner.
We reached there before the bus left.
Check all the details before you send this present.
I showed the letter to my brother before I posted it.
Quick Tip
Before is used to show the time earlier than that.
AFTER
I usually do my homework after I have my dinner.
We reached there after the bus had gone.
He called me after I left the office.
We continued walking after it stopped raining.
Brush your teeth after you take your meal.
Quick Tip
After is used to show the time later than that.

Instant Practice
Underline conjunctions in the following sentences.
1. The weather was sunny but cold in the morning.
2. We’ll play indoors if it rains.
3. Do the work before you forget it.
4. I got sunburned because I did not wear my hat.
5. Is your brother older or younger than you?
6. Maya couldn’t come to the party because she was ill.
7. After I went to bed, I heard a strange noise.
8. I watched that movie after I had my supper.
9. If we leave now, we’ll arrive on time.
10. Our players are young but very talented.
11. Should we turn right or left?
12. Take off your muddy shoes before you come in.
13. The house is warm and comfortable.
14. The weather was cold and windy.

Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with and, but, because, or, if, before or after.
1. We ate cakes ……chocolates at the party.
2. She ate two breads …..she was still hungry.
3. We like to play games….dance.

4. She likes to watch TV……..play in the garden.
5. They could not play …..it was raining outside.
6. He left early……he was feeling tired.
7. I wanted some apples ……there wasn’t any.
8. I played with my sister….I reached home.
9. Wash your hands…….you go to bed.
10. Please bring my note copy……you come to school tomorrow.
11. I want popcorn ……..not pizza.
12. She always fails……she is not hardworking.

Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks with and, or, but and because.
1. The house was beautiful……had no playground.
2. I am sad……I failed my exam.
3. Do you like apples……grapes?
4. I have a brother ……a sister.
5. This is my pen ……that is his.
6. She took an apple ……a glass of milk.
7. Is it hot….cold in Kathmandu?
8. She bought a new car…..her old car was lost.
9. She speaks Nepali……English.
10. We met…..did not talk at the party.

Instant Practice
Join the following sentences using and, but and because.
1. My brother is a doctor. My sister is a teacher.
2. He bought a bottle of water. He drank it.
3. Tony read hard. He failed in exam.
4. She was very hungry. She did not eat any.
5. We like Dip. He is helpful.
6. He did not come to the party. He fell sick suddenly.
7. He opened his book. He did his homework.
8. She opened the door. She went inside.
9. The teacher scolded Tom. He spoke rudely.
10. He drew a picture. I played a game.
11. They are very poor. They are honest.
12. The children are happy. Their father gave them some sweets.
Instant Practice
Fill in the blanks choosing correct conjunctions.
1. I put on my uniform ……..went to school. (but, and)
2. He does not take apples …….bananas. (but, or)
3. He is sick……..he has not gone to school. (because, so)
4. I have two sisters ……a brother. (or, and)

5. I called him……there was no reply. (but, because)
6. Father asked me to wash my shoes….they are very dirty. (but, because)
7. Arati is tall….Nilam is short. (because, but)
8. She is taking rest….she is very tired. (because, so)
9. They need an umbrella …….it is raining now. (but, because)
10. Hira ……Hisila are best friends. (but, and)
11. He is honest …… noone likes him. (and, but)
12. Is this pen yours …… mine? (or, but)
Vocabulary in Use
Match these verbs with their past forms.
sing read
swim hit
ring hid
eat wrote
go rode
ride sang
hide swam
write rang
hit ate
read went

GET
STARTED
INTERJECTIONS 17
Chapter
Look and read.
What a pity! Oh dear! Get out!
Cheers! Happy Birthday! It’s a goal!
Do You Know?
An interjection is a word that expresses a sudden, strong feeling such as
surprise, pain, or pleasure. We always put an exclamation mark (!) after
an interjection.
Listening Practice
Common Interjections
Aha Good Oh Well
Alas Ha Oh no What

Awesome Hey Oops Whoops
Come on Hooray Ouch Wow
Gee Look Phew Yes
Grammar Focus: Use of Interjection

Interjections Uses
Aha! I found my wallet! Used when you have understood or
found out something.
Alas! The poor beggar is dead. Used to express sudden grief.
Bravo! That was a fine kick. Used to express sudden praise.
Hello, Diya! How are you? Used as greeting or to attract attention of
people.
Hey! What’s up? Used to express interest, surprise or
anger.
Hurrah! I got very good Used to express sudden joy.
marks.
Oh! What a beautiful painting! Used to express surprise, fear or joy.
Ouch! I have cut my finger! Used to express sudden pain.
Shh! We are in the exam hall. Used to tell somebody to keep quiet.
Wow! That’s not a gorilla suit! Used to express great surprise or
admiration.
Quick Tip
The words aha, alas, bravo, hello, hey, hurrah, oh, ouch, shh and
wow express some sudden feelings. They are called interjections.
Instant Practice
Underline interjections in the following sentences.
1. Alas! The great businessman is dead.
2. Bravo! Well done.

3. Hurrah! We have won the tournament.
4. Oh! How kind you are.
5. Ah! It is very sad.
6. Shh! We are in the library.
7. Congratulations! You have topped the class.
8. Hello! How are you?
9. Oh no! I have lost my wallet.
10. Ugh! It’s a big spider.
11. Hush! The baby is sleeping.
12. Wow! The mountains look great.
Vocabulary in Use
Match these verbs with their present participle forms.
run signaling
swim cutting
cut swimming
signal running
get parroting
fell clapping
plot flagging
flag plotting
clap felling
parrot getting

GET
STARTED
PUNCTUATION 18
Chapter
Chapter
Look and read.

He is a singer.
He has eight books, six copies, two pencils, a colour box and a bag.
Do you sing songs?
What a cute baby!
Mom is at Nabaraj’s home.
Do You Know?
Punctuation marks are signs such as full stops, commas, question
marks, apostrophes and exclamation marks. They are used to make the
meaning clear in a sentence.
Speaking
Practice
Answer the following questions.

a. Which punctuation mark is used in the first sentence?
b. Which punctuation marks are used in the second sentence?
c. Which punctuation mark is used in the third sentence?
d. Which punctuation mark is used in the fourth sentence?
e. Which punctuation mark is used in the word Nabaraj’s ?

Listening Practice
1. Amit is my good friend.
2. I can swim.
3. Where do they come from?
4. Did she attend the party?
5. Who has taken my pen?
6. It’s snowing heavily today.
7. Karnali, Gandaki, Kankai, Babai, Mahakali and Mechi are all rivers.
8. She washes everybody’s plates after dinner.
9. Take a ride in Hom’s car.
10. We have a month’s vacation in June.
11. What a surprise!
12. You are fired!
Grammar Focus: Punctuation Marks
FULL STOP
A sparrow is sitting on a branch.
Please don’t be late.
She is good at drawing.
There’s a rainbow in the sky.
This house belongs to a rich man.
We all enjoyed playing outside.

Quick Tip
A full stop (.) is used at the end of a sentence.
COMMA
I bought two apples, three oranges and some grapes.
He enjoys tennis, badminton, skating and football.
At school we study English, maths, science, history and geography.
We go to school on Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday.
She has an uncle, a brother and two sisters.
Dog, cat, cow, goat, sheep and buffalo are all domestic animals.
Quick Tip
A comma (,) is used between nouns and noun phrases in a list.
QUESTION MARK
Are you reading now?
Can you lend me your bicycle?
Do you know the answer to this problem?
How many stamps do you have?
What’s your name?
Is this your house?
Where are you going?
Why are you always late?

Quick Tip
A question mark (?) is used after a question.
APOSTROPHE
A squirrel’s tail is big and bushy.
Is this Nepal’s tallest building?
Kaman’s dog is very friendly.
Lolita is wearing her mother’s shoes.
I was at Hem’s playing video games.
We’re going to our aunt’s house.
Quick Tip
An apostrophe (’s) is used to show who owns something.
EXCLAMATION MARK
Help! Help!
I told you not to do that!
Oh dear!
Put the knife down!
Quiet!
Sit down!
Quick Tip
An exclamation mark (!) is often used after a command, an
interjection, or a word that shows surprise or anger.

Instant Practice
Write correct punctuation marks to complete the following sentences.
1. He hates cheese
2. Who is your teacher
3. Stop that man
4. Keep quiet
5. Good morning madam
6. Diya are you okay
7. Prem Dinesh and Surya are playing hide and seek
8. Mom bought meat fish and vegetables at the supermarket
9. What is the time now
10. Ana is a pretty girl
11. Our dog’s collar is brown
12. There is a bird’s nest in that tree
13. We all like mom’s cooking
Instant Practice
Rewrite the following paragraph with capital letter and full stop where
possible.
the source of all energy for ecosystems is the sun it lights and warms the
surface of our planet it gives the energy needed to evaporate water from the
oceans and lakes, to form rain and snow sunlight also provides the energy
used by green plants to make the compounds that maintain their lives and
serve as food for all other organisms
the sun acts like a distant nuclear fusion reactor, radiating energy out into
space of the energy released by the sun, only about one-billionth reaches
earth – after a journey of about 150 million kilometers much of the energy
that reaches earth’s atmosphere is filtered out before it reaches the surface

Instant Practice
Rewrite the following sentences with comma where possible.
1. Please bring me a pen a copy and an eraser.
2. We have goats sheep cows buffaloes and horse in our farm.
3. My father mother brother and sister are going to the market.
4. He cooked food fed it to the children and went to sleep.
5. Tiger lion fox jackal and deer are wild animals.
6. Mathematics science social and computer are my best subjects.
7. I have visited India China Bhutan and Pakistan.
8. Bring a nail wood and a hammer.
9. China India Bhutan Srilanka and Nepal are SAARC member countries.
10. Mina Sita Binita and Diya study in grade three.
Instant Practice
Rewrite the following sentences with question marks where possible.
1. Are you sleeping now
2. What do you mean
3. Is she a teacher
4. Has she completed the washing
5. Why are you sad
6. Have you tasted this food
7. Does it help you
8. Which house is yours
9. Rita, are you preparing for the test
10. Manu, what is your hobby

Instant Practice
Rewrite the following sentences with apostrophe where possible.
1. This is Mohans house.
2. Yesterday I was at Riyas house.
3. Sitas father died yesterday.
4. Krishals father is a teacher.
5. Sarmilas sister is Shila.
6. Krishalas sister is Krishala.
7. I went to market with Minas father.
8. This car is Amans.
9. Whose pen did you borrow? Elishas or Gitas?
10. Whose pen was lost yesterday? Alinas or Anjanas?
Vocabulary in Use
Match the following words with their plurals.
mouse monkeys
tooth houses
foot men
child mangoes
house data
monkey potatoes
potato children
mango feet
datum teeth
man mice

GET PARAGRAPH 19
19
Chapter
STARTED Chapter
WRITING
Our Best Pet-Dogs or Cats

Although most people believe that man’s best friend is a dog, I think it
should be a cat. Cats have been used as pets for a long time. They are found
in countries all over the world. Obviously, they are the favourites of man
for hundreds of years. I suppose cats are so well liked because they are
gentle, friendly and easy to take care of.
School
School is the temple of learning. It is a holy place for gaining knowledge.
Teachers teach you how to add and subtract. You learn how to read
books. You learn how to write and use computers. You learn to play, dance
and sing there. Good habits and manners are learnt at school. Thus, school
is important for all of us.
Dogs
Dogs are wonderful pets to have. Dogs know how to do tricks. They love
to run and play. Dogs are hairy and very cute. They love to lick you w
hen you hug them. They are the most sincere and obedient pet animals to
their owners throughout the world. They take care of the things perfectly.
They are fun to have.
My Favourite Holiday
My favourite holiday is Christmas. I like decorating Christmas tree with
lights. I send greetings to my friends writing “Merry Christmas.” Santa
Claus brings us nice presents. In the morning, we get to open our presents
and play with our toys. Then our family eats a big dinner for Christmas. I feel
happy to celebrate Christmas with my family and friends.
Write paragraphs on these topics.
a. Elephants b. Playground
c. Television d. Computer

GET
STARTED
LETTER WRITING 20
Chapter
Chapter
Personal Letter
A birthday invitation letter
Address Swoyambhu, Kathmandu

Date March 15, 2019
Greeting Dear Aman,
It is my birthday next Tuesday. My parents are planning to
Body throw a party on this special day at my own home. I am writing
this letter to kindly invite you to my home by 5 o’clock on
that day.
I hope you will definitely come and add value of my birthday.
I will be eagerly waiting for your arrival till that day.
Ending Yours lovely friend,

Krishal Regmi
Aruna has been absent from school for a week. Dina has written her a
letter enquiring about her absence and telling what happened in school
during her absence.
Gangajamuna-7, Dhading
August 5, 2019
Dear Aruna,
I am extremely sorry if I’ve disturbed you but I am pretty curious to know why
you have remained absent for a week. I believe that you are not sick, are you?
I wish you are completely well and enjoying good health now!

During your absence, our school organized drawing competition and our
class teacher chose me from our grade to compete. I was very excited to
participate but I felt sad without your presence. Anyway, I didn’t disappoint
our class because I stood in the first position. They are going to distribute the
prizes next Friday.
Therefore, I want you to come to school as soon as possible so that we may
share the delight of victory together. I am eagerly waiting for your arrival in
school very soon.
Best wishes
Dina
Thank You Letter
A thank you letter for the lovely birthday gift
Kalanki, Kathmandu
March 10, 2019
Dear Uncle,
Thank you very much for the lovely guitar that you gifted me as my birthday
gift. It was really the best birthday present I had ever had. I was very happy
when I got such a lovely gift. I really liked it because I always like to play
the guitar.
I am planning to go to picnic with this guitar. I will play my favourite song
and dance there. I along with my friends will have some fun there.
I hope you will visit me soon. Please do come fast. I am eagerly waiting for
your arrival.
Yours loving son,
Kismat

Application Letter
An application letter for sick leave
Address Ramkot, Kathmandu
Date August 10, 2019
The Principal
Inside
Namuna Adhyan Basic School
Address Ramkot, Kathmandu
Subject Subject: An application for 3 day’s leave.

Greeting Dear Sir/Madam,
Most respectfully, I beg to state that I am a student of grade
three A. I have been suffering from severe fever since Friday.
I visited the doctor on Saturday. The doctor has advised me to
take complete rest for three days.
Body
Therefore, I kindly request you to grant me leave of three days
to be effective from Monday to Wednesday.
I promise that I will complete my missed lessons and assignments
after my recovery. I am hopeful for the positive response from
you soon.
Yours obedient student,
Ending Rohan Maharjan
Class: III A
Assess Yourself
1. Write a letter to your friend describing your room.
2. Write a thank you letter to your friend for his/her note copy.
3. Write an application letter to your class teacher asking for 2 days’
leave.
4. Write a letter to your sister asking to bring you a nice birthday gift on your
birthday.

GET
STARTED
STORY WRITING 21
Chapter
Read this story.

The Dishonest Hand
Once a thief was brought before a judge and was
charged that he made a hole in the wall of a man’s
house and stole a chest of jewels. The thief fell
upon his knees and cried, and then told the judge
that he was a poor and honest person. It was, he
said, his right hand which would give him trouble
by its wicked deeds. The thief said, “My hand
made the hole and went through the wall and stole the jewels while I stayed
outside the wall. I did not go into the house. Therefore, I am not a thief.”
The judge then replied, “You are indeed an honest man and so should be
pitied but your wicked hand shall go to prison for five years. You may stay
outside the prison like you did while your hand stole the jewels.”
On hearing the verdict of the judge, the thief realized that it was not his hand
but his mind worked. His hand did whatever his mind asked him to do. He
thought that he would get rid of problem by blaming the hand for stealing the
jewels but the story of his dishonest hand prevailed the truth.
Assess Yourself
1. Put the following sentences in correct order and write a short story.
The Dove and the Ant
A dove in the tree saw that scene and wanted to help the ant.
An ant was feeling very thirsty as it was a very hot day.
He knew that it was difficult work but he tried because the ant was kind and
considerate.
He plucked a tree leaf and dropped it near the ant so that the ant could climb
into it.
It climbed onto the leaf and the dove took the dove out of water.
It saw a hunter aiming at shooting the dove one day.
It went to the hunter and bit bitterly on his leg.
It went too quickly to a river and fell into the water.
The ant knew that it would have to climb onto the leaf or it would die.
The ant promised to help the dove, too.
The ant was thankful to the dove for saving its’ life.
The dove thanked the ant for saving his life.
The hunter cried in pain and the dove flew away.

The Old Woman’s Kindness
“Yes, I am,” replied Rita.
As it was getting dark, she was in a hurry.
At the same time, she heard a row in the street.
Before she died, she had written a letter stating; “All my property goes to
Rita who helped me to bring to the hospital.”
It took them two hours to get to hospital.
On the way, the old woman asked Rita what her name was.
One evening Rita was returning home from school.
Rita replied that her name was Rita.

She became very happy at this.
She knew there that all property of the old woman was now in her name.
She lived happily with the property afterwards.
She said that she was dying. She took mercy on her.
She went closer and saw an old lady lying unconscious.
The doctor asked her if she were Rita.
The doctors tried their best to the old woman’s life but they failed.
The next day Rita went to the hospital.
The old woman was taken to the hospital.
The Clever Thief
All thieves made him leader.
Diven accepted the challenge.
Diven took the king’s Panjama and escaped from the palace.
Every thief was jealous of him.
He used to rob from rich people and used to give it to poor and needy
people.
He went to the king’s palace and directly entered into the king’s bedroom.
Once upon a time there lived a thief named Diven.
One day, the thief challenged Diven to rob the king Panjama.
The king cried for help.
The king was sleeping & Diven opened the red ant’s bottle.
The servants came inside & pretended of searching ants.

The Childless Farmer
Now they had a son and they loved him very much.
Many years ago there lived a farmer in a village.
They informed about the baby to all the villagers.
But nobody came to claim that baby.
He had no children.
They took the baby home.
He was very sad.
His wife was much sadder than him.
There they found a baby crying near the bank.
They were already very old.
One day, the couple went to wash their clothes in the river.

GET
STARTED
PICTURE 22
Chapter
DESCRIPTION
Look and read.

The parrot is one of the bird species. It has
strong, curved beak. It has strong legs and
claws. It has four toes on each foot. The
two toes face forward and the two toes face
backward. The parrot is brightly coloured.
It eats seeds, nuts, fruits, insects and buds.
Many people keep the parrot as a pet
because it is attractive and has intelligence.
The parrot can imitate the human voice. A
trained parrot can imitate many dialogues
and songs. The parrot is a very useful and
entertaining bird.
Look at the following picture and write a paragraph describing it.
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GET
STARTED
READING 23
Chapter
COMPREHENSION
1. Read and answer.

Deven was a clever thief. He robbed the rich and gave
all to the sick and the needy. The other thieves were
jealous of him. They planned to get rid of him. They
challenged to steal the King’s Pajamas.
Deven accepted the challenge. After that he prepared to execute the new
challenge. He charted out a plan to steal the King. He prepared himself mentally
to carry out a plan. He went to the King’s Palace. He found the King sleeping.
He opened a bottle of red ants on the bed. The King was badly bitten. He
cried for help. The servants rushed in. They pretended to look for ants. Deven
removed the King’s Pajamas and escaped. Other thieves were speechless.
A. Write true or false.
a. Deven was a sick person.
b. The King was badly bitten.
c. Other thieves were speechless.
B. Answer the following questions.
a. Who planned to get rid of Deven?
b. How did Deven steal the King’s Pajamas?
c. Was Deven a clever thief?
d. How were the other thieves in the end?
2. Read and answer.
There was an old owl that lived in an oak. Every day he saw
incidents happening around him. Yesterday he saw a boy helping
an old man to carry a heavy basket. Today he saw a girl shouting
at her mother. The more he saw, the less he spoke. As he spoke
less, he heard more. He heard people talking and telling stories.
He heard a woman saying that an elephant jumped over a fence.

He also heard a man saying that he had never made a mistake. The old owl
had seen and heard about what happened to people. Some became better and
some became worse. But the old owl had become wiser each and every day.
a. He heard people talking and telling stories.
b. He heard a woman saying that she had never made a mistake.
c. The old owl had seen and heard about what happened to people.
a. What did an old owl see around him?
b. What did the owl see yesterday?
c. What did the owl see today?
d. How had the owl become wiser every day?
3. Read and answer.
One day, Betty Botter wanted to bake a cake. She bought
some cheap butter to bake it. But something was wrong
with the butter. “This butter is bitter,” said Betty Botter
as she tasted the butter. “If I put it in my cake batter,
it will make the batter bitter. But if I put a bit of better
butter that would make my batter better.” So, she went
off to buy better butter than her bitter butter. She mixed a bit of better butter
into her cake batter. She tasted the batter and was happy that the batter was
not bitter. She adopted the best way to solve the problem.
a. Betty Botter wanted to bake a cake.
b. The cheap butter was sweet.
c. She mixed a bit of better butter into her cake batter.
a. What did Betty Botter buy one day?
b. Why did Betty Botter go off?
c. Why was she happy?
d. How did she solve her problem?

4. Read and answer.
Samyukta was the daughter of Jai Chand. She was the prettiest
princess in India at that time. Prithviraj and she loved each
other. On the day of her Swayamvara she entered the hall with
a garland in her hand. There were many princes in the hall.
She did not garland any of them. She came to the gate and
waited. Jai Chand had put an ugly image of Prithviraj at the
door. Samyukta was shocked. Her father had insulted the bravest prince in
India. But she did not scream. She went up to the image and put the garland
round its neck. Prithviraj was waiting for Samyukta. He came riding on his
horse and picked her up and ran away.
a. She was the prettiest princess in India at that time.
b. She came to the hall and waited.
c. Her father had insulted the bravest prince in India.
a. What was the name of Samyukta’s father?
b. When did she enter the hall?
c. Why were there many princes in the hall?
d. Who picked her up and ran away?
5. Read and answer.
On a small farm in the middle of the great prairies of Kansas, there lived
a little girl named Dorothy with her uncle Henry and Aunt Emma. Their
small house was made of logs. It had four walls, a floor and a roof, which
made one room. There was a small hole in the ground under the house called
a cyclone cellar. The family took shelter here when one of those mighty
whirlwinds arose. There was a trapdoor in the middle of the floor, from which
a ladder led down into the hole.

a. Emma was Dorothy’s mother.
b. The house was made up of cyclone.
c. It had four rooms.
a. Where was the small farm?
b. What was the house made up of?
c. Whom did Dorothy live with?
d. Where did the family stay in the cyclone cellar?
6. Read and answer.
A doctor who worked in a village was annoyed because many
people used to stop him and never paid for his service. He
never managed to earn much money because of those incidents.
He made up his mind to put an end to this. One day, he was
stopped by a young a man who said to him “Oh, doctor I’m
glad to see you, I’ve got a severe pain in my left side.” The
doctor pretended to be interested and said, “Shut your eyes
and stick your tongue out of your mouth”. Then he went away leaving him
standing in the street with his tongue hanging out. A large crowd of people
gathered there laughing at him.
a. The doctor was happy.
b. He earned much money because of those incidents.
c. The doctor went away leaving the man standing in the street with his
tongue hanging out.
a. Where did the doctor work?
b. Who stopped the doctor and why?
c. Why did the crowd gather and laugh?
d. What lesson did you learn from this story?

GET
STARTED
VOCABULARY 23
Chapter
common nouns
actor actress teacher doctor man
woman baby boy girl uncle
aunt grandmother grandfather doctor nurse
singer dancer architect mason engineer
pilot friend lecturer professor worker
plumber electrician gardener child typist
driver receptionist waiter waitress actor
announcer audience biker captain caregiver
carpenter conductor dentist doorman fisherman
mechanic midwife motorcyclist navigator neurologist
nutritionist optician passenger shop keeper book
copy pen pencil bike car
temple church paper newspaper computer
room engine mobile cap shoes
flower fridge dog cat horse
elephant bear sheep cow house
school park zoo city village
district zone municipality stream sea
country continent language religion culture
colour bus train aeroplane ship
toy highway watch dictionary toothpaste
toothbrush god goddess snake drink
soap fruit vegetable animal insect
sweater garden street road television

abstract nouns
anger belief calm chance faith
fear humour idea luck principle
rage reason sense sight speed
thought love hatred affection happiness
kindness weakness boredom freedom relationship
wisdom warmth strength length width
depth breadth kingdom complexity curiosity
generosity hostility prosperity sensitivity action
collection action combination illusion imagination
production reduction recognition injustice courage
adjectives
good bad hot cold ugly
beautiful tall short young old
hard soft strong weak dull
intelligent easy difficult honest obedient
silly frank thin fat friendly
brave smart cute handsome stupid
foolish empty full heavy many
several long round circular rectangle
flat oval slant plastic golden
leather cotton woolen red yellow
brown white blue green grey
far near little much mad
some feeble talent dull lazy
active able coward nonsense valuable

synonyms
Word Synonym Word Synonym
kids children cry yell
pretty beautiful glad happy
small little quick fast
good nice fast quick
easy simple dislike hate
sugary sweet tired sleepy
hop jump gap space
award prize assist help
dazzling bright leave go
feel touch right correct
wash bathe success victory
close shut brave bold
land ground smile laugh
gift present smart neat
sight view cheer applaud
bake cook problem crisis
command control hit bang
evening sunset return revisit
bitter sour sweet tasty
big large sunrise daybreak
wet damp sunny bright
wet weep rub scrub
speak converse wink flash

antonyms
Word Antonym Word Antonym
tall short same different
weak strong sharp dull
day night reward punishment
up down under over
give take high low
pull push naughty good
cry laugh day night
beautiful ugly arrive depart
help oppose many less
problem solution bright dark
answer question wise foolish
positive negative kind cruel
together separate caring unkind
careful careless honest dishonest
happy sad selfish unselfish
best worst obedient disobedient
clean dirty regular irregular
friend enemy punctual unpunctual
success failure polite impolite
always never humorous irritating
awake asleep disciplined undisciplined
dry wet sharp blunt
love hate knowledge ignorance
lose win open close
bitter sweet foe friend

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DYNAMIC

Shubharambha Publication Pvt. Ltd.

Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-3

Author: Krishna Prasad Regmi

Look and complete.

Circle the words that start with vowel letters.

ant ball cat dog ear fan gun

Circle the words that start with consonant letters.

ANT BALL CAT DOG EAR FAN GUN

CAPITAL/UPPER CASE LETTERS

SMALL/LOWER CASE LETTERS

6 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

…………………… …………………… ……………………

…………………… …………………… ……………………

…………………… …………………… ……………………

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 7

8 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 9

Grammar Focus: Alphabetical Order

Now look at the following group of words.

10 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 11

12 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

advice beef education fiction

man bright cap boy

cog eat sun faint

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 13

1. ant cat bat mat :__________________________________

2. ear fear tear bear :__________________________________

3. gun bun fun dun :__________________________________

4. run sun June nun :__________________________________

5. fog cog log dog :__________________________________

6. car ear far star :__________________________________

7. bag rag tag nag :__________________________________

8. can tan van ban :__________________________________

9. toy boy foe joy :__________________________________

10. man pan fan scan :__________________________________

1. goat coat note vote boat

2. apple agony accord abnormal attire

14 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

4. scout scold scone scoop score

5. bank bang band bane banana

6. monopoly monolith monogamy monocot monokini

7. plump plume plumb plumage plum tomato

8. serially serious series serif serial

9. crag craft crack cradle crab

10. drank drama drape drain drag

11. ease eat each eagle ear

12. balky lanky hanky donkey monkey

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 15

……………………… ……………………… ………………………

monkey rabbit puppy leopard lion elephant

hyena calf camel cat kitten dog

16 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 17

Read the following description.

Ben is a little boy. He lives in a big city. He is

18 Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3

Answer these questions based on the given text.

Dynamic English Grammar & Composition Book- 3 19