IF AND WISH CLAUSES

TYPE O

IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

Present Simple (V1) Present Simple (V1)

 Bilimsel gerçekler
 Genel durumlar

- If you heat the water, it boils.

- If you press this button, you see the last number you’ve dialled.
- If you heat the ice, it melts.

TYPE 1

IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

Present simple (V1) Will / shall / be going to + V1
Present continuous (am/is/are + Ving) May / might / could + V1
Present perfect (have/has+V3 Can + V1
Can ( ability) (can+V1) Must / have to + V1
Must / have to / be to + V1 Imperatives (V1 / Don't V1)
Should + V1 (olasılık düşük anlamı) Should / had better / ought to + V1

 Şimdi ya da gelecek zamanda gerçekleşmesi mümkün eylemler

TYPE 1: Present Real

Şimdi ya da gelecek zamanda gerçekleşmesi mümkün eylemleri anlatmak için kullanılır.
- If I have some free time tomorrow, I will visit my grandma.
- If the teacher wants to speak to me, I will be studying in the library.

INVERSION IN IF CLAUSE TYPE 1:

- If you study hard, you can pass the exam.
Should you study hard, you can pass the exam.

TYPE 2

IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

Past simple (V2) Would V1 / would be Ving
Past continuous (was/were + Ving) Might V1 / might be Ving
Could + V1 (ability) Could V1 / could be Ving
Had to + V1
Was to V1 / were to V1 (future)

 Şimdiki zamanda gerçek olmayan durumları anlatırken

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 TYPE 2: Present Unreal

If + past simp. , would

Past cont. could + V1
Would – could might
Şimdiki zamanda gerçek olmayan durumları anlatırken bu kalıp kullanılır.
- If I were you, I would give up smoking.
- If he gave up his job, he would regret.
- If Ahmet were two years older, he could get a driver’s licence.

INVERSION IN IF CLAUSE TYPE 2:

- If you studied hard, you would pass the exam.
Were you to study hard, you would pass the exam.

TYPE 3

RESULT CLAUSE
IF CLAUSE
Would have V3
Past perfect (had + V3)
Might have V3
Past perfect continuous (had been Ving)
Could have V3
Could have V3 (ability)

 Geçmiş zamanda gerçekleşmemiş eylemlerden bahsederken

TYPE 3: Past Unreal

If + past perfect would have V3

Past perfect cont. , could have V3
Could have V3 might have V3

Geçmiş zamanda gerçekleşmemiş eylemlerden bahsederken kullanılır.

If John had drunk coffee last night, he could have slept.
- If you had invited me to the party, I would have come.
- I would have taken a map with me if you had told me that you didn’t know the area.

INVERSION IN IF CLAUSE TYPE 3:

- If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
-

If In case
Only if In the event that
Provided (that) – Providing (that) Whether or not
As long as Even if
On condition that Unless (if not)
Supposing (that)

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‘’If/only if/provided that/providing that/on condition that/as long as’’ ‘’eğer/şartıyla/koşuluyla’’
anlamına gelirler. Aynı anlamı taşıdıkları için birbirleri yerine kullanılabilirler.
- You can take the car if/only if/provided that/providing that/on condition that/as long as you promise to
drive slowly and carefully.
- Your little sister can come to the concert with us if/only if/provided that/providing that/on condition
that/as long as she keeps quiet.

’Only if’’ cümle başında kullanılırsa cümle devrik olur.

- We can save our planet only if we start taking the necessary precautions now.
- Only if we start taking the necessary precautions now, can we save our planet.

‘’unless (if not)’’ ‘’eğer olmazsa, olmadıkça’’ anlamına gelir.

- The theatre will close unless a sponsor is found.
- Unless you tell me the truth, I won’t let you go.

‘’in case/in the event that’’ ‘’…olursa diye/olması durumunda’’ anlamında kullanılır.
- Please stay in the Office in case somebody calls while I’m out.
- You should take a dictionary with you in case you need to look up the meaning of a word.
- I will be at my sister’s house in the event that you need to reach me.

‘’even if’’ ‘’…..sa bile’’ anlamına gelir. Zıtlık bildirir.

- We will have a picnic even if it rains.
- She can’t pass even if she gets 80 in the final exam.

‘’suppose/supposing’’ ‘’diyelimki/farzedelim ki’’ anlamında kullanılır. Genellikle bu yapı ile Type 2

kullanılır.
- Suppose/supposing he asked you to marry him, what would you do?
- Suppose/supposing you were rich, what would you do?

‘’whether or not’’ ‘’olsa da, olmasa da’’ anlamına gelir.

- I am going to buy this dress whether it is cheap or not.

In case of
In the event of + isim ya da Ving

Bu bağlaçlar ‘‘…durumunda’’ anlamına gelir. Özel bir durumda ne yapılması gerektiğini anlatmak
için kullanılır.
- In case of fire, break the glass.
- Dial 112 in case of an emergency.
- He left a letter for me to read in the event of his death.

Otherwise If not
Or(else) If so

’otherwise, if not ve or else’’ ‘’aksi takdirde’’ anlamına gelir ve iki cümle arasında noktalama
işaretinden sonra kullanılır. Genellikle kendilerinden sonra bir modal gelir.

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- We have to leave now; otherwise, we will miss the bus.
- We were delayed at the airport. Or else we would have arrived in London two hours ago.
- You should study regularly, if not, you will fail.

‘’if so’’ ‘’eğer öyleyse’’ anlamında kullanılır.

- They say there is a meeting on Saturday. If so, I can’t come to the mountains with you at the
weekend.

MIXED TYPE

IF CLAUSE RESULT CLAUSE

TYPE 3 ( V3) TYPE 2 (V2) + geniş zaman zarfı

- If the patient hadn’t undergone an emergency operation, he wouldn’t be alive now.

- If I had learned English when I was in school, I couldn’t be in this class now.
- If I had won the lottery last week, I would be a rich man now.
- If she hadn’t spent all her money on clothes, she could come with us to the restaurant tonight.

IF CLAUSE 3 ALTIN KURAL

1. will
If ........................ , .....................
would
be going
to + V1
use to V1

2. Mutlaka zaman uyumu olması gerekir.

Present
Present, .....................
If ........................
Past Past

Type 0 hariç
Modal gelecek
3. If .................... , .....................
Will / shall / be going to + V1
May / might / could + V1
Can + V1
Would V1 / would be Ving
Might V1 / might be Ving
Could V1 / could be Ving
Would have V3
Might have V3
Could have V3

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 IF CLAUSE – TEST - 1

1. If the world - - - - to the horrors of the Nazi death 7. Adolf Hitler - - - - one single human being if
camps, perhaps genocide in Cambodia, Bosnia nobody - - - - with him.
and Rwanda - - - -.
A) doesn't murder / would collaborate
A) has listened / would be avoided
B) would not have murdered 7 had collaborated
B) had listened / could have been avoided
C) couldn't have murdered / collaborated
C) would have listened / had avoided
D) hadn't murdered / would have collaborated
D) listens / would avoid
E) hasn't murdered //had collaborated
E) are listening / avoided

8. When I see so many people asking me for some

2. If only people - - - - more personal responsibility money, I wish l - - - - the New Year's lottery.
a lot of the bigger problems in our world - - - - .
A) haven't won B) wouldn't win
A) has / would have vanished
C) hadn't won D) didn't win
B) would have / had vanished
E) wouldn't have won
C) had / would vanish
D) would have had / vanished
9. - - - - parents really listened to their children, to
E) have had / would have vanished what they are saying.
A) If only B) Unless
3. I wish I - - - - how to supply first aid to someone C) Even if D) If
in case of an accident.
E) Provided
A) had been taught B) have taught
C) can teach D) would be taught
10. Scientists try to estimate how much the earth’s
E) teach oceans - - - - if the terrestrial poles - - - - .
A) will have risen / had melted
4. The gender gap in education will continue - - - - B) rose / would have melted
countries intensify their efforts to educate girls.
C) were rising / should have melted
A) but for B) if
D) would rise / were to melt
C) provided D) unless
E) had been rising / would melt
E) if only

5. According to some researches, if the ice sheet in

the Antarctic - - - - , the sea levels all over the 11. If the gums and erupted teeth of children - - - -
world - - - - by as much as 20 feet. properly, there - - - - a variety of problems when
the permanent teeth start
A) was melting / have risen
A) are not cleaned / can be
B) melts / had risen
B) hadn't been cleaned / could have been
C) would melt / rose
C) might not be cleaning / was
D) has melted / were rising
D) wouldn’t have been cleaned / had been
E) melted / would rise
E) didn't clean / would have been

6. The earth - - - - a flood catastrophe from climate

warming unless human beings - - - - a radical 12. If a war - - - - out in Europe, it - - - - an
lifestyle change. international war involving all the powers.

A) would lace / have made A) had broken / becomes

B) will face / make B) breaks / could have become

C) had faced / are making C) would break / had become

D) could have faced / had made D) might have broken / became

E) faces / will have made E) broke / would become

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13. If states - - - - at least the federally recommended 20. If the temperature - - - - uncomfortably cool in the
per capita minimum on tobacco control, youth shade, standing in direct sunlight - - - - one feel
smoking prevalence - - - - far lower than warmer.
observed in the recent study.
A) will feel / made B) feels / will make
A) were spending / will have been
C) will feel / might make D) felt / makes
B) have spent/was,
E) had felt / has made
C) have spent / would be
D) spent / would have been 21. I wish the government - - - - local councilors to
deliver a better quality of life for their local areas.
E) had been spending / will be
A) has allowed B) would allow
C) allows D) can allow
14. - - - - people would put aside their prejudices and
work together. E) will allow

A) If B) In case
22. Many people think that If life - - - - on the Red
C] If only D) Unless Planet Mars, it - - - - undisturbed, while others
propose using the planet’s potential to sustain
E) Providing life for the benefit of humans.
A) might exist / was left
15. When I received the penalty for speeding, I
B) existed / could leave
wished I - - - - the speed limit.
C) exists I should be left
A) don't break B) wouldn’t break
D) had existed / would leave
C) haven't D) hadn’t broken
E) would exist / had left
E) wouldn’t have broken

23. You know that where we are now is politically

16. If Dooms-Day - - - - in 1945, the failure - - - - unstable and therefore I wish you - - - - us get out
military and political catastrophe. of here before It becomes worse.
A) would have failed / had meant A) will help B) may help
B) had failed / would have meant C) could help D) had helped
C) would fall / has meant E) could have helped
D) failed / would mean
24. If the roots of a tree - - - - , the tree - - - - severe
E) has failed / meant growth problems.
A) would be tom / had
17. Dog training must be consistent, - - - - the dog
will become confused. B) have torn / would have
A) but for B) if C) tear i will have had
C) only if D) unless D) would have been torn / had had
E) otherwise E) are torn / will have

25. You shouldn’t force people with eating disorders

18. If Red-wing had won in 1920 and if the USSR to seek treatment unless they - - - It themselves.
hadn’t collapsed, Finland - - - - a communistic
country and under orders of Russia now. A) had wanted B) would want
A) would have been B) will be C) will have wanted D) want
C) has been D) is E) would have wanted
E) would be
26. Many people wish they - - - - a lot longer, and
perhaps with future research and development, it
19. Iguanas need special tanks to live in since they will probably become the case.
grow very big and need UV lighting if they - - - -
weak bones. A) are living B) could live
A) get B) would get C) can live D) live
C) were getting D) had gotten E) have lived
E) would have got

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27. If everyone - - - - the same amount of money, 34. - - - - women have enough of folic acid in their
equal looks, the world - - - - boring and plain. bodies before pregnancy, this vitamin can
prevent birth defects of the baby's brain or spine.
A) had / would be
A) if B) Unless
B) has / would be
C) But for D) Otherwise
C) might have / would have been
E) In case
D) would have / is
E) had had / may be 35. Too many people wish they - - - - something but
they never write down a plan for getting there.
A) have achieved B) should achieve
28. Nurses in Hong Kong are likely to go on strike
over low pay if the government - - - - to review C) will achieve D) could achieve
their case.
E) achieve
A) won’t have promised B) wouldn't promise
C) doesn’t promise D) hadn’t promised 36. If he - - - - my brother, t would have no hesitation
in phoning the police and telling them about the
E) wouldn't have promised crime that has been committed.
A) hasn’t been B) hadn’t been
29. If the tsunami - - - - in the Pacific Ocean, the C) wouldn't have been D) wouldn’t be
number of victims - - - - far fewer, as coastal
states there have finalized a detection and alert E) weren’t
system.
A) happened / has been
37. A study has shown that if silk - - - - with the
B) would happen / was thickness of a pencil, it- - - - strong enough to
stop a target jet plane in flight.
C) has happened / could have been
A) should produce / must have been
D) had happened / would have been
B) were produced / would have been
E) would happen / may be
C) had produced / might be
30. According to a recent survey, many Berliners D) could be produced / would be
wish they - - - - up the Berlin Wall again but this
time higher than the previous one. E) has been produced / would have been

A) may put B) had put

38. If a friend or classmate - - - - you into doing
C) have put D) will put
something you don’t want to do, you have
E) could put experienced peer pressure.
A) would push B) has pushed
31. I wish I - - - - more Information about the vet
before l brought my cat to him. C) will push D) would have pushed
A) gathered B) could gather E) had pushed
C) had gathered D) would gather 39. If the rescue - - - - as planned when the space
capsule travelling at 25,000 miles an hour
E) would have gathered entered the Earth's atmosphere, an initial
parachute - - - - at a height of 21 miles.
32. The world - - - - a better place If everyone - - - - a
sense of humor. A) happened / could have deployed

A) is / would have B) happens / had deployed

B) would be / had C) had happened / would have deployed

C) would have been / has had D) has happened / would deploy

D) has been / will have E) would happen / might deploy

E) could be / would have had

40. - - - - travel to countries where malaria is
widespread is considered, special care will be
33. I bet you wish you - - - - my invitation to dinner necessary to avoid mosquito bites.
because you looked so bored.
A) If B) Should
A) haven’t accepted B) didn't accept
C) Only if D) Had
C) hadn’t accepted D) wouldn't accept
E) Even if
E) don’t accept

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