SỞ GD&ĐT KỲ THI CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI LỚP 12

CHƯƠNG TRÌNH THPT CHUYÊN NĂM HỌC 2021-2022

Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút, không kể thời gian giao đề
(Đề thi gồm 14 trang)

PART A. LISTENING
SECTION 1. Questions 1-10
You will hear a woman called Jane Hughes talk about total solar eclipses, which happen when the
Moon comes between the Sun and the Earth and blocks out the light from the Sun.
For questions 1-10, complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Jane says she was encouraged to go and see a total solar eclipse by an interesting
(1)_______________ she saw.
Janed hired a (2) _______________ to travel to the best location to watch her first eclipse.
The eclipse Jane saw took place during the early (3)_______________.
Jane says watching was exciting to her as doing a (4) _______________
Jane says the effect at the beginning and end of an eclipse resembles a (5) _______________.
Jane had to go to a (6) _______________ to see her second eclipse.
A lack of (7) _______________ nearly caused Jane’s boat journey to be cancelled. Jane says she
was pleased she had a (8)_______________ to hang over herself at night.
Jane’s (9) _______________ about watching eclipse can be found online.
Jane is going to get a new(10) _______________ before she watches her next eclipse.

SECTION 2. Questions 11-15

You will hear an interview with Dr Lafford, a leading expert in the field of forensic science. For
questions 11-15, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear.
11. According to Dr Lafford, Sherlock Holmes was a good forensic scientist because of his
__________.
A. psychological insight
B. unbiased approach
C. detailed observations
D. medical knowledge
12. Forensic scientists pay particular attention to __________.
A. evidence of mutual contact
B. items criminals have touched
C. a suspect’s clothing
D. carpet fibres and human hair
13. Dr Lafford mentions the broken headlight to show that forensic science nowadays is __________.
A. more complex than it used to be
B. just as reliable as it was in the past
C. not as time-consuming as it once was
D. more straightforward than it was in the past
14. According to Dr Lafford, electron microscopes can __________.
A. produce conflicting results
B. sometimes damage evidence
C. provide a chemical analysis
D. guarantee total accuracy
15. Dr Lafford feels that the value of forensic science lies in __________.
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 A. how its significance to a case is explained
B. the use of advanced genetic fingerprinting
C. the possibility of eliminating human error
D. reducing the number of possible suspects

SECTION 3. Questions 16-25

You will hear a short recording about research methodology. Complete the summary below. Write
NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
 Use scientific methods based on empirical evidence (= 16 _______).
 Find a research problem or question.
- A commonly held belief example lack of sleep has negative impact on (17) _______.
- Review the literature
- An everyday problem example research different memorization (18) _______________.
 Define your variables
 Develop a hypothesis
 Conduct (19)_______________ research.
- Books, journals, online databases and websites
- Make notes and create (20)_______________
 Select an experimental design
- Pre-experiment = experimental group only
- Quasi experimental = include control group but not random
- True experimental = both kinds of groups + random
 Standardise your (21)_______________.
- Compare like with like
- Choose your participants
 Use different (22)_______________.
- Random sample = select from same group
- Stratified random sample = select from subsets with different (23)_______________.
 Conduct tests and collect data
 Analyze the results
- Use (24)_______________ methods (to be covered next week)
 Write up and communicate results
- (25)_______________ and _________of paper is important, tips for writing (to be covered
next two weeks)

PART B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Exercise 1. Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete each sentence.
1. She ________ agreed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game
at all.
A. apologetically B. grudgingly C. shamefacedly D. discreetly
2. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a
________
A. deviation B. digression C. detour D. departure
3. Tom’s normally very efficient but he’s been making a lot of mistakes ______
A. of late B. for now C. in a while D. shortly
4. We are not in a ________ hurry so let’s have another coffee.
A. dashing B. racing C. rushing D. tearing

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5. Their father was a hero in World War II, whose account has awakened ______memories of the old
days.
A. down-in-the-dumps B. disconsolate C. poignant D. grief-stricken
6. I didn’t want to make a decision ________, so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. in one go B. there and then C. at a stroke D. on and off
7. I don't like intellectual novels, serious music or films; my tastes are quite ______
A. flat-topped B. lowbrow C. shamefaced D. slow-witted
8. ______ her job, her sons and the housework, she doesn’t have a minute for herself.
A. What with B. If it weren’t for C. Barring D. Given
9. I will come and see you as soon as I_______.
A. was finishing my homework B. have finished my homework
C. finished my homework D. had finished my homework
10. We’d been working hard for a month and so decided to go out and ______.
A. paint the town red B. face the music
C. read between the lines D. steal the show
11. She didn’t show even a _________of emotion when the court found her guilty.
A. gleam B. wink C. flicker D. flash
12. When are we going to get rid of all these empty cartons? They've been _________ up the office
for weeks now.
A. buttering B. clutching C. cluttering D. botching
13. The movie takes considerable liberties ______the novel that it is based on.
A. to B. out of C. at D. with
14. Don’t believe Samuel. He just ______an act that he is the most miserable person in the world.
A. puts on B. puts into C. settles up D. settles in
15. We at Buyrite throw down the ______ to competitors to match us for price, quality and service.
A. mitten B. gauntlet C. sword D. hat
16. The pollution problems in the town have been ___________ by mass tourism in the summer
months.
A. exacerbated B. developed C. augmented D. contributed
17. The first _________ of the ladder is important in your career.
A. step B. grade C. push D. rung
18. It was decided that the cost of the project would be _________.and so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive
19. Monsoon Wedding was described as a cinematic jewel when it hit the _____________ screen.
A. golden B. silver C. bronze D. diamond
20. Tragedy __________ yesterday when a man was swept out to sea by a freak wave.
A. struck B. sparked C. hit D. came

Exercise 2. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example:
0. INACCESSIBLE
THE ANTARCTIC ICE MARATHON

There is no other race quite like it; no other race in a place so (0)_______ (ACCESS); no other race
which puts the body through a(n) (21) _______ (ENDURE) test of such extremes. The Antarctic Ice
Marathon was the (22) _______ (CHILD) of Richard Donovan, whose company, Polar Running
Adventures, gives runners the opportunity to (23) _______(TAKE) in a race through the barren
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wasteland that is the snow covered Union Glacier. Last year, there were some 34 participants in the
race, and this time, the number of (24) _______ (ENTER) is expected to be higher still; such has
been the level of interest shown by members of the public, amateur and professional athletes and the
media alike. But, while the prospect of being part of as unique an experience as the Antarctic Ice
Marathon is, seems, on the face of it, a rather (25) _______ (AGREE) notion, those considering
putting their names in the mix would do well to be (26) _______ (MIND) of just how intense and
demanding, both physically and psychologically, the event can be. You will be cut off completely
from civilization , with not even a penguin there to cheer you on , and you may have to face
temperature dipping considerably than the levels your body would be (27) _______ (CUSTOM) to
dealing with, not to mention the (28) _______ (PROBABLE) of fine weather- think instead near
(29) _______ (WHITE) conditions and zero (30) _______ (VISIBLE). But, if you still fancy giving
it a go, get in touch with Richard and he can make your dream (or nightmare) come true.

PART C. READING COMPREHENSION

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct word for each of the blanks.
UNIVERSAL WET WEEKEND
The weather across much of the British Isles remained settled last week, with a good (1) _____ of
sunshine. On Saturday, the lunchtime temperature at Bridlington in the northeast of England was
28.2oC, which compared favourably with Alicante in southern Spain at 29 oC. The rest of the world,
however, was (2) ______ with some extreme conditions. A tropical storm, given the name Helen, hit
Hong Kong on Saturday morning, though her presence had been felt in (3) ________ from noon on
Friday, the showers and (4) _______ of rain became more and more frequent so that by midnight on
Sunday, thirty-six hours later, there had been 333mm of rainfall, not far off the (5) ______ for the
month of August, at 367mm. Even on Sunday there was a (6) _______ in Helen’s tail. The town
centre of Shanwei, near Hong Kong, was flooded when 468mm of rain fell in the sixty hours leading
up to midday on Sunday, (7) _______ twice the normal August rainfall. On the other (8) _______ of
the globe, tropical storm Gabrielle moved across the Gulf of Mexico and overnight rain exceeded the
usual rainfall for the (9) ________ month. Although most of Europe enjoyed sun, the high
temperatures were sufficient to set off some (10) ________ showers. On Tuesday morning, a
thunderstorm at Lyons in eastern France deposited 99mm of rain in just six hours.

1. A. extent B. quantity C. deal D. proportion

2. A. coping B. matching C. colliding D. queuing
3. A. light B. advance C. likelihood D. day
4. A. outbursts B. outbreaks C. outputs D. outlets
5. A. general B. standard C. medium D. average
6. A. sting B. prick C. stab D. poke
7. A. only B. fairly C. hardly D. nearly
8. A. section B. side C. face D. part
9. A. total B. sole C. single D. whole
10. A. huge B. weighty C. heavy D. strong

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Exercise 2. You are going to read an extract from an article. Seven paragraphs have been removed
from the extract. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (11-17). There is
one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

By now, environmental experts across the world are in agreement that the meat industry is

contributing to the climate crisis. Industrial meat is one of the biggest causes
of deforestation globally, with the UN’s Food and Agricultural Organization finding that over the
past 25 years, forests have been cleared from an area the size of India for cattle ranching. In the UK,
analysis from Green Peace shows that if we want to avoid a climate brea kdown by 2030, we need to
reduce the amount of meat we consume by at least 70 per cent.
11.
Undoubtedly, one of the reasons it has become so much easier to switch out meat from our diets is
the rise of meat substitutes, which are increasingly easier to find in both supermarkets and
restaurants. Let’s not forget the nationwide frenzy when Greggs announced the launch of its vegan
sausage roll, or the launch of the US’ highly-favoured Beyond Meat to UK supermarkets earlier this year.

12.
Although the environmental benefit of swapping out your Sunday roast for a Qu orn chicken-style fillet
is a no-brainer, questions remain about whether the meat substitutes we have come to love are actually
healthier than eating real meat.

13.
On its website, Quorn says its mycoprotein – the main ingredient in most of its products – is made
from a naturally occurring fungus through a fermentation process, similar to the way beer and
yoghurt are made. Then, “we blend nutrients derived from wheat and corn with air and essential
minerals...Next, we add a small amount of egg white (or potato extract in our vegan products) and
shape it to form.”

14.
Although an organic Class A chicken breast of the same weight contains a fraction more calories
(around 67), it also has 7g more protein (16g), and less than half the amount of salt (80mg). And
while the amount of carbohydrates and dietary fibre in Quron’s meatless fillets is small, it is barely
negligible in chicken breast (0.5g of each).

15.
The company told The Independent it also adds colourings and starch to help the product hold its
shape, as well as vitamins and minerals such as B12 and iron. In comparison, 69g of “What The
Cluck” chicken pieces has 97 calories, at least 30 more calories than both Quorn fillets and chicken
breast. While the Vegetarian Butcher’s chicken pieces contain just a touch less salt than chicken
(76mg), they have 14.6g protein –more than both Quorn fillets and chicken.

16.
“Soy is a really good example,” she explains. “We take the soybean, and as we only need the protein
from it, it goes through a really lengthy chemical process so that at the end of it, we have an isolated
soy protein. By that time, we’ve removed all the other goodness that the soybean may have. Then, to

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make that protein into a meat alternative, we are having to add other ingredients and process it even
further. The end product is far removed from what that food was in the first place.”
17.

“We don’t recognise the label of ‘ultra-processed – our protein is cultivated from a natural
nutritious fungus, using the age-old method of fermentation, and then steam-cooked, chilled and
frozen to create Quorn products,” a spokesperson tells The Independent.

A. Of course, just how processed a product is will vary from one meat alternative to the next,
as will the number of additives and preservatives used to make the product taste like real meat and
give it a shelf-life. While Quorn is by definition a processed food, the company denies that it is
“ultra-processed”.
B. Most experts agree that meat substitutes can be a nutritious alternative, but it depends on
what they are made from. Dr Stacey Lockyer, a senior nutrition scientist at the British Nutrition
Foundation says that while those that list vegetables, pulses, mycoprotein and soy tend to be lower in
saturated fat and calories, and higher in fibre than meat, “fat and salt are often added in order to
produce a taste, texture or appearance similar to meat”. This means that some may end up with a
higher saturated fat or salt content than real meat.
C. Awareness of the issues associated with large-scale meat consumption is growing. The
findings of a survey by The Vegan Society, published in May, found that one in five people have
reduced the amount of meat they are eating in the last 12 months. Of those who have cut back on
their meat intake, 35 per cent said they were motivated by health concerns, while 30 per cent said the
environment was their primary motivation. Additionally, one in four people said they had reduced
their meat intake because of animal rights issues.
D. One inherent issue with meat alternatives, nutritionist Eva Humphries explains, is that
“when you go from a piece of meat to something that’s a meat alternative, you’re going from
something that is a whole food to an ultra-processed food”. While she stresses that not all processed
foods are bad – even a tin of chickpeas is technically classed as processed as the chickpeas were
previously cooked – ultra-processed foods, like meat alternatives can lack nutrients.
E. It is often said that white meat is better for the planet because chickens and pigs do not
produce as much methane as cows. This has led some people to opt for chicken instead of beef in
their weekly shop. In fact, almost all growth in UK meat consumption is chicken.
F. In the case of its meatless fillets, mycoprotein makes up 86 per cent of the ingredients.
Others include egg white, yeast extract, salt, a firming agent, onion powder, sage and sugar. All in
all, one 69g fillet contains just 60 calories, 1g of fat, 6g of carbohydrates, 5g of dietary fibre, 9g of
protein and 190mg of salt.
G. Like many of the brands offering vegetarian meat substitutes, Dutch retailer, The
Vegetarian Butcher, uses a protein that is made from soy as its main ingredient. The soy protein
makes up 88 per cent of its “What The Cluck” chicken-style pieces, with spices, sunflower oil and
flavourings making up the rest.
H. While some meat substitute makers like Linda McCartney and The Unbelievable Alt
market their products by championing their positive impact on the environment, other major retailers
such as Quorn and Beyond Meat also use health claims in their marketing. Quorn says its products
are packed “with delicious, nutritious protein” and that health is “at the heart” of what it does.
Beyond Meat claims that its burgers provide an “excellent source of protein and 35 per cent less total
and saturated fat” than a regular burger.
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Exercise 3. Read the text and do the tasks that follow.
Paper or Computer?
A. Computer technology was supposed to replace paper. But that hasn’t happened. Every country in
the Western world uses more paper today, on a per- capita basis, than it did ten years ago. The
consumption of uncoated free-sheet paper, for instance the most common kind of office paper — rose
almost fifteen per cent in the United States between 1995 and 2000. This is generally taken as
evidence of how hard it is to eradicate old, wasteful habits and of how stubbornly resistant we are to
the efficiencies offered by computerization. A number of cognitive psychologists and ergonomics
experts, however, don’t agree. Paper has persisted, they argue, for very good reasons: when it comes
to performing certain kinds of cognitive tasks, paper has many advantages over computers. The
dismay people feel at the sight of a messy desk — or the spectacle of air-traffic controllers tracking
flights through notes scribbled on paper strips – arises from a fundamental confusion about the role
that paper plays in our lives.
B. The case for paper is made most eloquently in “The Myth of the Paperless Office”, by two social
scientists, Abigail Sellen and Richard Harper. They begin their book with an account of a study they
conducted at the International Monetary Fund, in Washington, D.c. Economists at the I.M.F. spend
most of their time writing reports on complicated economic questions, work that would seem to be
perfectly suited to sitting in front of a computer. Nonetheless, the I.M.F. is awash in paper, and Sellen
and Harper wanted to find out why. Their answer is that the business of writing reports – at least at
the I.M.F. is an intensely collaborative process, involving the professional judgments and
contributions of many people. The economists bring drafts of reports to conference rooms, spread out
the relevant pages, and negotiate changes with one other. They go back to their offices and jot down
comments in the margin, taking advantage of the freedom offered by the informality of the
handwritten note. Then they deliver the annotated draft to the author in person, taking him, page by
page, through the suggested changes. At the end of the process, the author spreads out all the pages
with comments on his desk and starts to enter them on the computer — moving the pages around as
he works, organizing and reorganizing, saving and discarding.
C. Without paper, this kind of collaborative and iterative work process would be much more difficult.
According to Sellen and Harper, paper has a unique set of “affordances” — that is, qualities that
permit specific kinds of uses. Paper is tangible: we can pick up a document, flip through it, read little
bits here and there, and quickly get a sense of it. Paper is spatially flexible, meaning that we can
spread it out and arrange it in the way that suits US best. And it’s tailorable: we can easily annotate it,
and scribble on it as we read, without altering the original text. Digital documents, of course, have
then own affordances. They can be easily searched, shared, stored, accessed remotely, and linked to
other relevant material. But they lack the affordances that really matter to a group of people working
together on a report. Sellen and Harper write:
D. Paper enables a certain kind of thinking. Picture, for instance, the top of your desk. Chances are
that you have a keyboard and a computer screen off to one side, and a clear space roughly eighteen
inches square in front of your chair. What covers the rest of the desktop is probably piles- piles of
papers, journals, magazines, binders, postcards, videotapes, and all the other artifacts of the
knowledge economy. The piles look like a mess, but they aren’t. When a group at Apple Computer
studied piling behavior several years ago, they found that even the most disorderly piles usually make
perfect sense to the piler, and that office workers could hold forth in great detail about the precise
history and meaning of thefr piles. The pile closest to the cleared, eighteen-inch-square working area,
for example, generally represents the most urgent business, and within that pile the most important
document of all is likely to be at the top. Piles are living, breathing archives. Over time, they get
broken down and resorted, sometimes chronologically and sometimes thematically and sometimes

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chronologically and thematically; clues about certain documents may be physically embedded in the
file by, say, stacking a certain piece of paper at an angle or inserting dividers into the stack.
E. But why do we pile documents instead of filing them? Because piles represent the process of
active, ongoing thinking. The psychologist Alison Kidd, whose research Sellen and Harper refer to
extensively, argues that “knowledge workers” use the physical space of the desktop to hold “ideas
which they cannot yet categorize or even decide how they might use.” The messy desk is not
necessarily a sign of disorganization. It may be a sign of complexity: those who deal with many
unresolved ideas simultaneously cannot sort and file the papers on their desks, because they haven’t
yet sorted and filed the ideas in their head. Kidd writes that many of the people she talked to use the
papers on their desks as contextual cues to’’ recover a complex set of threads without difficulty and
delay” when they come in on a Monday morning, or after their work has been interrupted by a phone
call. What we see when we look at the piles on our desks is, in a sense, the contents of our brains.
F. This idea that paper facilitates a highly specialized cognitive and social process is a far cry from
the way we have historically thought about the stuff. Paper first began to proliferate in the workplace
in the late nineteenth century as part of the move toward “systematic management.” To cope with the
complexity of the industrial economy, managers were instituting company-wide policies and
demanding monthly, weekly, or even daily updates from their subordinates. Thus was born the
monthly sales report, and the office manual and the internal company newsletter. The typewriter took
off in the eighteen-eighties, making it possible to create documents in a fraction of the time it had
previously taken, and that was followed closely by the advent of carbon paper, which meant that a
typist could create ten copies of that document simultaneously. Paper was important not to facilitate
creative collaboration and thought but as an instrument of control.

Questions 18-23
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-F
Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list below. Write the correct number, i-
viii, in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
i. paper continued as a sharing or managing must
ii. piles can be more inspiring rather than disorgnising
iii. Favorable situation that economists used paper pages
iv. overview of an unexpected situation: paper survived
v. comparison between efficiencies for using paper and using computer
vi. IMF’ paperless office seemed to be a waste of papers
vii. example of failure for avoidance of paper record
viii. There are advantages of using a paper in offices
ix. piles reflect certain characteristics in people’ thought 
x.  joy of having the paper square in front of computer

18. Paragraph A
19. Paragraph B
20. Paragraph C
21. Paragraph D
22. Paragraph E
23. Paragraph F

Questions 24-27
Summary
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Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of the reading passage, using NO MORE
THAN THREE  WORDS from the reading passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes
25-28 on your answer sheet.

Compared with digital documents, paper has several advantages. First it allows clerks to work in a
(24)_______. way among colleagues. Next, paper is not like virtual digital versions, it’s
(25)_______. Finally, because it is (26)_______, note or comments can be effortlessly added as
related information. However, shortcoming comes at the absence of convenience on task which is for
a (27)_______.

Questions 28-30
Choose the correct letter,  A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 28-30 on your answer sheet.

28. What do the economists from IMF say that their way of writing documents?

A. they note down their comments for freedom on the drafts
B. they finish all writing individually
C. they share ideas on before electronic version was made
D. they use electronic version fully
29. What is the implication of the “Piles ” mentioned in the passage?
A. they have underlying orders
B. they are necessarily a mess
C. they are in time sequence order
D. they are in alphabetic order
30. What does the manager believe in sophisticated economy?
A. recorded paper can be as management tool
B. carbon paper should be compulsory
C. Teamwork is the most important
D. monthly report is the best way

Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
Anthropology distinguishes itself from the other social sciences by its greater emphasis on
fieldwork as the source of new knowledge. The aim of such studies is to develop as intimate an
understanding as possible of the phenomena investigated. Although the length of field studies varies
from a few weeks to years, it is generally agreed that anthropologists should stay in the field long
enough for their presence to be considered ‘natural’ by the permanent residents.
Realistically, however, anthropologists may never reach this status. Their foreign mannerisms
make them appear clownish, and so they are treated with curiosity and amusement. If they speak the
local language at all, they do so with a strange accent and flawed grammar. They ask tactless
questions and inadvertently break rules regarding how things are usually done. Arguably this could
be an interesting starting point for research, though it is rarely exploited. Otherwise, anthropologists
take on the role of the ‘superior expert’, in which case they are treated with deference and respect,
only coming into contact with the most high-ranking members of the society. Anthropologists with
this role may never witness the gamut of practices which take place in all levels of the society.
No matter which role one takes on, anthropologists generally find fieldwork extremely
demanding. Anthropological texts may read like an exciting journey of exploration, but rarely is this
so. Long periods of time spent in the field are generally characterised by boredom, illness and
frustration. Anthropologists in the field encounter unfamiliar climates, strange food and low
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standards of hygiene. It is often particularly trying for researchers with middle-class, European
backgrounds to adapt to societies where being alone is considered pitiful. It takes a dedicated
individual to conduct research which is not in some way influenced by these personal discomforts.
Nonetheless, fieldwork requires the researcher to spend as much time as possible in local life.
A range of research methodologies can be utilised to extract information. (1) These can be classified
as emic or etic. (2) While emic descriptions are considered more desirable nowadays, they are
difficult to attain, even if the researcher does his utmost to reproduce the facts from the natives’ point
of view. (3) More often than not, aspects of the researcher’s own culture, perspective and literary
style seep into the narrative. Moreover, research generally involves translations from one language to
another and from speech into writing. In doing this, the meaning of utterances is changed. (4) The
only truly emic descriptions can be those given by the natives themselves in their own vernacular.
The least invasive type of research methodology is observation. Here, the researcher studies
the group and records findings without intruding too much on their privacy. This is not to say,
however, that the presence of the researcher will have minimal impact on the findings. An example
was Richard Borshay Lee, who, in studying local groups in the Kalahari refused to provide the
people with food so as not to taint his research, leading to an inevitable hostility towards the
researcher which would not otherwise have been present.
A variant on the observation technique, participant observation requires that the
anthropologist not only observes the culture, but participates in it too. It allows for deeper immersion
into the culture studied, hence a deeper understanding of it. By developing a deeper rapport with the
people of the culture, it is hoped they will open up and divulge more about their culture and way of
life than can simply be observed. Participant observation is still an imperfect methodology, however,
since populations may adjust their behavior around the researcher, knowing that they are the subject
of research.
The participatory approach was conceived in an attempt to produce as emic a perspective as
possible. The process involves not just the gathering of information from local people, but involves
them in the interpretation of the findings. That is, rather than the researcher getting actively involved
in the processes within the local community, the process is turned on its head. The local community
is actively involved in the research process.

31. What is the main premise of the text?

A. the steps to be followed when undertaking anthropological fieldwork.
B. a history of anthropological fieldwork methodology.
C. the effects that an anthropological fieldwork has on local communities.
D. the problems with conducting anthropological fieldwork.
32. The main reason for anthropological researchers remaining in a community for an extended
period of time is that_______.
A. they can gather as much information as possible.
B. they can try out a range of different research methodologies.
C. they want local people to behave naturally around them.
D. they need time to become accustomed to the conditions.
33.  What does the passage say about researchers who are considered a ‘clown’ by locals?
A. They do culturally unacceptable things without realising it.
B. They do not gain respect among high-ranking members of the community.
C. They cannot conduct any research of value.
D. They do not study the language and culture of the region before their arrival.
34. What does ‘gamut’ mean?
A. idea or impression B. prohibition or taboo
C. range or extent D. secret or mystery
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35. The writer believes that the most difficult aspect of fieldwork for educated westerners is _______.
A. the lack of companionship. B. poor sanitary conditions.
C. failure to meet expectations. D. never being left alone.
36. In paragraph 3, it is implied that __________.
A. the fieldworker’s emotions and mood prejudice the research.
B. the longer a researcher spends in the field, the more depressed he gets.
C. middle-class Europeans find field research more difficult than researchers from other
backgrounds.
D. anthropological texts tend to exaggerate the difficult conditions that researchers experience.
37. Which of the following is NOT true about an emic account?
A. It is likely to be more analytical in style than an etic account.
B. It is told from the perspective of the person being studied.
C. It is currently the preferred way of conducting anthropological research.
D. It cannot be translated without altering its meaning.
38. How does participant observation differ vary from straightforward observation?
A. It requires the researcher to become actively involved in the daily lives of those being studied.
B. It allows the subjects of the research a greater degree of privacy.
C. It eradicates the problem of research subjects altering their behaviour towards researchers.
D. It takes longer to perform this type of research effectively.
39. In paragraph 6, divulge is closest in meaning to _______.
A. explain B. illustrate C. reveal D. propose
40. The word them in the last paragraph refers to _________?
A. local people B. the findings C. researchers D. information

Exercise 5. For questions 41-50, identify in which paragraph the following information is located.
Some information can appear in more than one paragraph. Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.

The age of the CyberGirl 41. ____

The techniques to authenticate CyberGirl in front of the audience 42. ____
An example of a successful cyberstar 43. ____
Going to the cinema is less interesting than watching the CyberGirl in 44. ____
concert
The number of people who logged in CyberGirl website 45. ____
A comparison between CyberGirl and a similar phenomenon 46. ____
The similarities between CyberGirl and her fans 47. ____
Teenagers get crazy if they like the music of the artificial pop star 48. ____
The as-a-model appearance of the CyberGirl 49. ____
The differences of CyberGirl from other real singers 50. ____

A. Young music fans might soon find themselves buying records by a new star called CyberGirl.
CyberGirl is blonde and very attractive. She has the looks of a supermodel, and Fashion magazine
has booked her for their next issue. She has a great voice and looks like a typical star in many ways,
but at the same time she is fundamentally different. She is computer generated and doesn’t really
exist. Or does she?
B. The company behind CyberGirl, Anfield Promotion, has constructed a website for her, and is
working on a pop video for her first single, which will be released next summer. Why is the response
to this virtual pop star so astonishing? CyberGirl has been successfully promoted as an ordinary
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sixteen year-old teenage singer. Research has established that idols must have the same strengths
andweakness as their fans. Teenagers, especially girls, have identified themselves with CyberGirl
who dyes her hair and worries about fashion.
C. Over the last few months, CyberGirl website has been visited by over 100,000 teenagers. Fans can
email questions and receive answers from CyberGirl herself. When asked if she is real, CyberGirl
replies enigmatically that she is as real as any of the teen groups around these days, adding defiantly
that at least she is always there for her fans. This gives virtual pop stars a competitive advantage over
mass-marketed artists or boy bands who have very little time contact with their fans.
D. CyberGirl may not be real, but her creators deny that she is merely a cheap alternative to a real
singer. In fact, Tommy Tomlinson of Anfield Promotions is convinced that CyberGirl has a great
many advantages over flesh-and-blood stars. “She’s cool and will never do embarrassing things.” he
says. “Virtual pop stars cannot disagree with their managers because they have different ideas about
songs, styles and marketing policies. With computer generated pop stars, there will be no arguments
between stars, managers and their companies.”
E. Could CyberGirl ever go on tour? “Sure she could,” replies Tomlinson. “We’d just project her
image on a huge screen, maybe with a hologram image of her own stage.” He likens the prospect of a
cyber creation going on tour to watching a film in a cinema: “You know the people you see on that
screen aren’t real- it’s just a trick done with lights- but you still get moved by the experience of
watching if it’s done well.”
F. A French male cyberstar, Cy-lui, has enjoyed considerable success, with hundreds of emails each
day from teenager girls. The fans want to know whether he gets hungry in outer space, and what his
favorite cyberfood is. Cy-lui has also had an amazing number of marriage proposals. “Fans will treat
artificial pop stars as real pop stars provided they like their music,” says Tomlinson. “It’s
encouraging that if fans like the music, they will ignore the fact that the artist is not real.”
G. Sarah Underwood, Professor of Media Studies at Cumbia University, says we have nothing to
worry about. “It’s just like the soap opera obsession that has been around for about 60 years,” she
says. “Viewers identify so closely with the characters in a soap opera that if one of them is in
hospital, an incredible number of people send flowers and chocolates to the TV studios. The people
who that aren’t crazy – they are just getting a bit carried away. The same applies to fans of artificial
artists.”
H. Rob Cooper of the music magazine Musical World has no time for this latest idea: It’s just another
way for business people to make money from teenagers, and this time the teenagers aren’t even
idolizing a real person. It’s utterly pathetic, sad and a bit ridiculous, but I’m afraid it will probably
work. Young people can be really crazy if they’re convinced something is fashionable

PART D. WRITING
Exercise 1. Write a summary of the passage within 70-80 words.
This majestic creature is unfortunately not the most attractive. It is an endangered species but
it is neither cute nor lovable like the panda or the orangutan.
What makes this giant so odd? Well, its legs appear too short to support its weight. The
rhinoceros' skin hangs loosely over its body. It is huge. A full grown rhino is about two meters high
and about four meters long from nose to tail. African rhinos have two horns, one much larger than the
other. It is a heavy animal weighing more than a ton. The animal has a keen sense of smell and acute
hearing but it has very weak eyesight. The rhino cannot see until it is almost in front of its target.
Clumsy as it looks, the rhino is an agile animal. It can easily climb up steep slopes, charge at
50 km an hour and leap up from a lying position. The rhino's temper is also well known. It often
attacks trucks, jeeps and even moving trains. Yet it is also considered a wild African animal that is
very easy to tame. A penned rhino will even eat out of the hands of its keeper.
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 The black rhino is also very adaptable. It can be found over a large area - from mountainous
areas, to plains, and desert areas. The two countries with the most rhinos are Kenya and Tanzania.
About fifty years ago, the rhinoceros was a common animal in Africa. However, today it is
becoming rare. It is being hunted to extinction for its horn. Unfortunately, the rhino horn is
considered very powerful medicine, especially for men. The horn can fetch several thousand dollars
in Asia. The lure of money means the animal is hunted even though it is a protected species. The
Sumatran rhino is almost extinct and if we are not careful, the African rhino will follow suit.

Exercise 2.
The table shows how patients evaluated different services at three health centres.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.

HOW PATIENTS EVALUATED HEALTH CENTRE SERVICES

(1 = very poor; 10 = excellent)

Aspect of service Longston centre Peverit centre Marchbank

centre

Booking appointments 5.2 9.1 7.8

Doctor’s service 8.0 8.7 8.4
Care of children 6.3 7.5 7.3
Pharmacy 5.1 6.3 5.8
Response to concerns 4.3 9.6 6.5
Overall average 5.8 8.3 7.2

Exercise 3. Write an essay on the following topic:

Scientific developments in farming always bring major benefits.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledage and
experience.
Write at least 250 words.

-----------------THE END ----------------

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