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    Bit Principle

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    Danu
    Retaining walls are structures designed to hold soil or earth in place on steep slopes that the soil would not naturally maintain. They function to support soil and prevent it from sliding due to the weight of soil, rainwater, and other loads. There are several common types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilevered walls, diaphragm walls, sheet piling walls, and bored pile walls. Alternative retaining techniques include soil nailing, soil strengthening, gabion meshes, and mechanical stabilization.

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    Bit Principle

    Uploaded by

    Danu
    35 views2 pages
    Retaining walls are structures designed to hold soil or earth in place on steep slopes that the soil would not naturally maintain. They function to support soil and prevent it from sliding due to the weight of soil, rainwater, and other loads. There are several common types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilevered walls, diaphragm walls, sheet piling walls, and bored pile walls. Alternative retaining techniques include soil nailing, soil strengthening, gabion meshes, and mechanical stabilization.

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    Retaining walls are structures designed to hold soil or earth in place on steep slopes that the soil would not naturally maintain. They function to support soil and prevent it from sliding due to the weight of soil, rainwater, and other loads. There are several common types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilevered walls, diaphragm walls, sheet piling walls, and bored pile walls. Alternative retaining techniques include soil nailing, soil strengthening, gabion meshes, and mechanical stabilization.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    35 views2 pages

    Bit Principle

    Uploaded by

    Danu
    Retaining walls are structures designed to hold soil or earth in place on steep slopes that the soil would not naturally maintain. They function to support soil and prevent it from sliding due to the weight of soil, rainwater, and other loads. There are several common types of retaining walls, including gravity walls, cantilevered walls, diaphragm walls, sheet piling walls, and bored pile walls. Alternative retaining techniques include soil nailing, soil strengthening, gabion meshes, and mechanical stabilization.

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    RETAINING WALL

    Retaining walls are structures designed to restrain soil to a slope that it would not
    naturally keep to (typically a steep, near-vertical or vertical slope). Retaining Walls function
    to support the soil and prevent it from sliding. Both due to the load of rainwater, the weight of
    the soil itself and due to the load that works on it. Retaining Walls have been used
    extensively in conjunction with roads, railways, bridges, canals and others.

    Types of Retaining Walls


    1. Gravity wall
    Gravity walls depend on their mass(stone, concrete or other heavy material) to resist
    pressure from behind and may have a 'batter' setback to improve stability by leaning
    back toward the retained soil. For short landscaping walls, they are often made
    from mortarless stone or segmental concrete units (masonry units).
    2. Cantilevered
    This wall consists of a combination wall with reinforced concrete in the shape of the
    letter T. The thickness of the two parts is relatively thin and fully reinforced to
    withstand the moments and transverse forces acting on the wall.
    3. Diaphragm wall
    Diaphragm walls are a type of retaining walls that are very stiff and generally
    watertight. Diaphragm walls are expensive walls, but they save time and space, and
    hence are used in urban constructions
    4. Sheet Piling
    Sheet pile retaining walls are usually used in soft soil and tight spaces. Sheet pile
    walls are driven into the ground and are composed of a variety of material including
    steel, vinyl, aluminum, fiberglass or wood planks. For a quick estimate the material is
    usually driven 1/3 above ground, 2/3 below ground, but this may be altered depending
    on the environment.
    5. Bored pile
    Bored pile retaining walls are built by assembling a sequence of bored piles, followed
    by excavating away the excess soil. Depending on the project, the bored pile retaining
    wall may include a series of earth anchors, reinforcing beams, soil improvement
    operations and shotcrete reinforcement layer. This construction technique tends to be
    employed in scenarios where sheet piling is a valid construction solution, but where
    the vibration or noise levels generated by a pile driver are not acceptable.
    6. Anchored
    An anchored retaining wall can be constructed in any of the aforementioned styles but
    also includes additional strength using cables or other stays anchored in the rock or
    soil behind it.

    Alternative retaining techniques


    1. Soil Nailing
    Soil nailing is a technique in which soil slopes, excavations or retaining walls are
    reinforced by the insertion of relatively slender elements – normally steel reinforcing
    bars. The bars are usually installed into a pre-drilled hole and then grouted into place
    or drilled and grouted simultaneously.
    2. Soil Strengthened
    A number of systems exist which not only consist of walls, but reduce earth pressure
    acting directly on the walls. It is usually used in combination with one of the other
    wall types, although some may only use it as facing, for visual purposes.
    3. Gabion Mashes
    This type of soil strengthening, often also used without an outside wall, consists of
    wire mesh "boxes", which are filled with roughly cut stone or other material. The
    mesh cages reduce some internal movement and forces, and also reduce erosive
    forces. Gabion walls are free-draining retaining structures and as such are often built
    in locations where ground water is present. However, management and control of the
    ground water in and around all retaining walls is important.
    4. Mechanical Stabilization
    Mechanically stabilized earth, also called MSE, is soil constructed with artificial
    reinforcing via layered horizontal mats (geosynthetics) fixed at their ends. These mats
    provide added internal shear resistance beyond that of simple gravity wall structures.
    Other options include steel straps, also layered.

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