SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF MATTER

LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10

GOAL
ACQUISTION In Grade 7, learners Using models, Using their Learners investigate how
investigate properties learners learn that understanding of atomic gases behave in different
of solutions that are matter is made up structure learned in conditions based on their
homogeneous of particles, the Grade 8, learners knowledge of the motion of
mixtures. They learn smallest of which describe how atoms can and distances between gas
how to express is the atom. These form units called particles. Learners then
concentrations of particles are too molecules. They also confirm whether their
solutions qualitatively small to be seen learn about ions. explanations are consistent
and quantitatively. through a Further, they explain with the Kinetic Molecular
They distinguish microscope. The how atoms form bonds Theory. They also learn the
mixtures from properties of (ionic and covalent) with relationships between
substances based on a materials that other atoms by the volume, temperature, and
set of properties. they have transfer or sharing of pressure using established
Learners begin to do observed in earlier electrons. They also gas laws. In Grade 9, learners
guided and grades can now be learn that the forces learned that the bonding
semiguided explained by the holding metals together characteristics of carbon
investigations, making type of particles are caused by the result in the formation of
sure that the involved and the attraction between large variety of compounds.
experiment they are attraction flowing electrons and the In Grade 10, they learn more
conducting is a fair between these positively charged metal about these compounds that
test. particles. ions. Learners explain include biomolecules such as
how covalent bonding in carbohydrates, lipids,
carbon forms a wide proteins, and nucleic acids.
variety of carbon Further, they will recognize
compounds. Recognizing that the structure of these
that matter consists of compounds comprises
an extremely large repeating units that are made
number of very small up of a limited number of
particles, counting these elements such as carbon,
particles is not practical. hydrogen, oxygen, and
So, learners are nitrogen.
introduced to the unit—
mole.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: CHANGES THAT MATTER UNDERGO

LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners recognize Learners learn that Learners explain how In Grade 9, learners
that materials particles are new compounds are described how particles
combine in various always in motion. formed in terms of the rearrange to form new
ways and through They can now rearrangement of substances. In Grade 10, they
different processes, explain that the particles. They also learn that the rearrangement
contributing to the changes from solid recognize that a wide of particles happen when
wide variety of to liquid, solid to variety of useful substances undergo chemical
materials. Given this gas, liquid to solid, compounds may arise reaction. They further explain
diversity, they and liquid to gas, from such that when this
recognize the involve changes in rearrangements. rearrangement happens, the
importance of a the motion of and total number of atoms and
classification system. relative distances total mass of newly formed
They become familiar between the substances remain the same.
with elements and particles, as well This is the Law of
compounds, metals as the attraction Conservation of Mass.
and non-metals, and between them. Applying this law, learners
acids and bases. They also learn to balance chemical
Further, learners recognize that the equations and solve simple
demonstrate that same particles are mole-mole, molemass, and
homogeneous involved when mass-mass problems.
mixtures can be these changes
separated using occur. In effect, no
various techniques. new substances
are formed.
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 SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: PARTS AND FUNCTION: ANIMAL AND PLANTS

LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION In Grade 7, learners In Grade 8, Learners study the Learners learn that organisms
are introduced to the learners gain coordinated functions of have feedback mechanisms
levels of organization knowledge of how the digestive, that are coordinated by the
in the human body the body breaks respiratory, and nervous and endocrine
and other organisms. down food into circulatory systems. They systems. These mechanisms
They learn that forms that can be also learn that nutrients help the organisms maintain
organisms consist of absorbed through enter the bloodstream homeostasis to reproduce
cells, most of which the digestive and combine with and survive.
are grouped into system and oxygen taken in through
organ systems that transported to the respiratory system.
perform specialized cells. Learners Together, they are
functions. learn that gases transported to the cells
are exchanged where oxygen is used to
through the release the stored
respiratory energy.
system. This
provides the
oxygen needed by
cells to release the
energy stored in
food. They also
learn that
dissolved wastes
are removed
through the
urinary system
while solid wastes
are eliminated
through the
excretory system.
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 SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: HEREDITY:INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION
MAKING
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: BIODIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION

LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners learn that Learners learn that Learners learn that most Learners revisit the
the cells in similar species refers to a species that have once mechanisms involved in the
tissues and organs in group of existed are now extinct. inheritance of traits and the
other animals are organisms that can Species become extinct changes that result from
similar to those in mate with one when they fail to adapt these mechanisms. Learners
human beings but another to to changes in the explain how natural selection
differ somewhat from produce fertile environment. has produced a succession of
cells found in plants. offspring. They diverse new species.
learn that Variation increases the
biodiversity is the chance of living things to
collective variety survive in a changing
of species living in environment.
an ecosystem. This
serves as an
introduction to the
topic on
hierarchical
 taxonomic system.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: ECOSYSTEMS
LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners learn that Learners learn Learners learn how Learners investigate the
interactions occur how energy is plants capture energy impact of human activities
among the different transformed and from the Sun and store and other organisms on
levels of organization how materials are energy in sugar ecosystems. They learn how
in ecosystems. cycled in molecules biodiversity influences the
Organisms of the ecosystems. (photosynthesis). This stability of ecosystems.
same kind interact stored energy is used by
with each other to cells during cellular
form populations; respiration. These two
populations interact processes are related to
with other each other.
populations to form
communities.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: FORCE AND MOTION

 LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION From a simple This time, learners To deepen their From learning the basics of
understanding of study the concept understanding of forces in Grade 8, learners
motion, learners study of force and its motion, learners use the extend their understanding
more scientific ways relationship to Law of Conservation of of forces by describing how
of describing (in terms motion. They use Momentum to further balanced and unbalanced
of distance, speed, Newton’s Laws of explain the motion of forces, either by solids or
and acceleration) and Motion to explain objects. From motion in liquids, affect the movement,
representing (using why objects move one dimension in the balance, and stability of
motion diagrams, (or do not move) previous grades, they objects.
charts, and graphs) the way they do learn at this level about
the motion of objects (as described in motion in two
in one dimension. Grade 7). They dimensions using
also realize that if projectile motion as an
force is applied on example.
a body, work can
be done and may
cause a change in
the energy of the
body.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: ENERGY
LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION This time learners Learners realize Learners explain how Learners acquire more
recognize that that transferred conservation of knowledge about the
different forms of energy may cause mechanical energy is properties of light as applied
energy travel in changes in the applied in some in optical instruments.
different ways—light properties of the structures, such as roller Learners also use the concept
and sound travel object. They relate coasters, and in natural of moving charges and
through waves, heat the observable environments like magnetic fields in explaining
 travels through changes in waterfalls. They further the principle behind
moving or vibrating temperature, describe the generators and motors.
particles, and amount of transformation of energy
electrical energy current, and speed that takes place in
travels through of sound to the hydroelectric power
moving charges. In changes in energy plants. Learners also
Grade 5, they learned of the particles. learn about the
about the different relationship between
modes of heat heat and work, and apply
transfer. This time, this concept to explain
they explain these how geothermal power
modes in terms of the plants operate. After
movement of they have learned how
particles. electricity is generated in
power plants, learners
further develop their
understanding of
transmission of
electricity from power
stations to homes.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: GEOLOGY
LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners will explore As a result of Being located along the Using maps, learners will
and locate places being located Ring of Fire, the discover that volcanoes,
using a coordinate along the Ring of Philippines is home to earthquake epicenters, and
system. They will Fire, the many volcanoes. Using mountain ranges are not
discover that our Philippines is models, learners will randomly scattered in
country’s location prone to explain what happens different places but are
near the equator and earthquakes. when volcanoes erupt. located in the same areas.
along the Ring of Fire Using models, They will describe the This will lead to an
influences elements of learners will different types of appreciation of plate
 up Philippine explain how volcanoes and tectonics—a theory that
environment (e.g., quakes are differentiate active binds many geologic
natural resources and generated by volcanoes from inactive processes such as volcanism
climate). faults. They will try ones. They will also and earthquakes.
to identify faults in explain how energy from
the community volcanoes may be
and differentiate tapped for human use.
active faults from
inactive ones.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: METEOROLOGY
LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners will explain Being located In this grade level, Note: The theory of plate
the occurrence of beside the Pacific learners will distinguish tectonics is the sole topic in
atmospheric Ocean, the between weather and Earth and Space in Grade 10.
phenomena (breezes, Philippines is climate. They will explain This is because the theory
monsoons, and ITCZ) prone to how different factors binds many of the topics in
that are commonly typhoons. In affect the climate of an previous grade levels, and
experienced in the Grade 5, the area. They will also be more time is needed to
country as a result of effects of introduced to climatic explore connections and
the Philippines’ typhoons were phenomena that occur deepen learners’
location with respect tackled. Here, over a wide area (e.g., El understanding.
to the equator, and learners will Niño and global
surrounding bodies of explain how warming).
water and typhoons develop,
landmasses. how typhoons are
affected by
landforms and
bodies of water,
and why typhoons
follow certain
paths as they
 move within the
Philippine Area of
Responsibility.
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SCIENCE

LEARNING PROGRESSION (GR 7-10)

STRAND: METEOROLOGY
LEARNING GRADE 7 GRADE 8 GRADE 9 GRADE 10
GOAL
ACQUISTION Learners will explain Learners will Learners will now leave
the occurrence of the complete their the Solar System and
seasons and eclipses survey of the Solar learn about the stars
as a result of the System by beyond. They will infer
motions of the Earth describing the the characteristics of
and the Moon. Using characteristics of stars based on the
models, learners will asteroids, comets, characteristics of the
explain that because and other Sun. Using models,
the Earth revolves members of the learners will show that
around the Sun, the Solar System. constellations move in
seasons change, and the course of a night
because the Moon because of Earth’s
revolves around the rotation, while different
Earth, eclipses constellations are
sometimes occur. observed in the course of
a year because of the
Earth’s revolution.
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MEANING
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