CONGREGATIO IMMACULATI CORDIS MARIAE

SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF TEACHER EDUCATION AND LIBERAL ARTS

RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

MISSIOLOGY
3. Auxanics
1. Mother of Theology 11. From the Latin Auxillaris
2. The systematic study of mission, 12. Auxillaris means “to augment, to multiply”
evangelization, and missionary activity of the 13. study of the process of augmenting the
church community
1. Different from systematic or dogmatic
theology. 4. Halieutics (Mk 1:17)
14. Greek verb halieuin
MISSION – missio 15. Halieuin means “to fish, to be fishermen”
LOGY – study of 16. Study of fishing for people
= Missiology
5. Theology of the apostolate
Missio – from the verb mittere 17. From the word apostelo
Mittere – Latin translation of Greek verb apostellein. 18. Apostelo means “to send forth” or “to
dispatch”
Why internationally accepted?
Missiology in Theology
1. Emphasis
3. Not merely the message but rather the 1. Descriptive function
missionary action of God and the men and 19. It studies the past and present missionary
women he mandates. activities of the church

2. Ecumenism 2. Evaluative function

4. Uniformity of language 20. Evaluates church missionary activities
5. Benefit of all churches and denominations
3. Animating Function
Other Suggested Names 21. Encourage and stimulate the missionary
activities.
1. Theory of Missions (Missionslehre)
6. By Gustav Warneck, German Protestant Missiology is an Interdisciplinary Science
Theologian, who established the first
missiological journal. 22. With the many imposed hardships in this
world, no single field can address all of these
2. Prosthetics (from Acts 2:31) ones.
7. By Abraham Kuyper 23. These sciences give the church new insights
8. Peter addressing the people on pentecost and challenge it to scout for new possibilities
9. From the Greek verb prostithestai – meaning and new courses of action.
“to add to”
10. The study of adding to the community. Fields of Missiology

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CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

1. Importance of contemplation, prayer, and inner

1. The History of Mission and Missions conversion, as well as social action.
24. The concrete initiatives in history
Conversion must become evident with its social
2. General Study of Mission (Missiography) consequences.
25. Descriptive study of mission
26. Tools, materials, areas and works, 2. Importance of Formation for all
denomination 3. Missionary Activity is the church’s very core.
3. Theory of Missions
27. Covers the theology of mission – What is Themes:
mission?
28. Biblical foundations of mission 1. Universality
29. Theology of culture and religion 39. Identity – Church, trinity, nature/essence
30. Ecumenism and mission 40. Missionary activity is a part of our baptismal
promises
4. Mission in context: The practical dimensions of 41. The pilgrim Church is missionary by her very
missiology nature, since it is from the mission of the Son
31. Inculturation and the mission of the Holy Spirit that she
32. Practical theology draws her origin, in accordance with the decree
33. Mission and human liberation of God the Father.
42. Fusion of culture and faith – inculturation
2. Therefore, missiology is the science of 43. A part of every Christian’s identity is doing
Christianity on the move. mission.
44. Mission – Jesus as founder, global solidarity
Why do mission studies? 45. God – point of unity

34. It must be an international activity B. Missionary Activity

35. It must be an integrative activity
36. It must be a cooperative activity Mission to:
3. where Christ is not known
Documents on Mission 4. ministry in places in need of renewal
5. where there is a state of regression or weakness
1. Ad Gentes (1965) 6. promote unity – collaboration
37. Second Vatican Council’s Decree on 7. liberation
Missionary Activity 8. promote love & human dignity
38. “to the nations”
C. Forming of Christian Community
Salient Points: * Missioners are God’s co-workers and they are signs
of God’s presence.

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

46. Self-sufficiency among people 11. It may be ideal, that it seems like not all people
47. Nurturing ecumenism and inter-faith dialogue can be one, but at least it gives standards to
48. Propagation of faith those who are really committing their lives
49. Encouraging vocation-animation for priesthood particularly for it, the missionary clergies.
50. Coordination and cooperation
51. Formation of missioners and lay collaborators 2. Frankfurt Declaration (1970)

Notes: Salient Points:

52. Mission, ultimately, is not something done 1. The ground of mission is to be found solely in
because of a command, even the great the Lord’s command
commission. Mission is, in its deepest identity, 2. The main purpose of mission is the
a privilege and a grace.1 glorification of God, not humanization
53. Mission has been defined not as a territorial 3. Only salvation in Jesus
concept, but as basic attitude of the church 4. Eternal redemption is through:
wherever it is. Crossing boundaries, moving 2. Proclamation
beyond itself is at the center of the church’s 3. Conversion
identity.2 4. Baptism
54. Inculturation is a call to all Christians to be real
participants in the cultural and political life of 5. Mission is to establish the church
the nations in which they live, and are called to 6. Salvation is for all men.
be people of “sincere and patient dialogue” in
order to discover the treasures that God has so 3. Lausanne Covenant (1974)
generously lavished on the world’s cultures.
55. Inculturation must be accepted, integrated and John Scott – chief architect
applied in a critical sense.
56. Being a missionary is a vocation. Missionaries: Salient Points:
9. are to be people of perseverance, generosity
and courage – even willing to lay down their 1. All Christians are challenged to work together
lives for the faith if necessary to make Jesus Christ known throughout the
10. They should be adaptable, prayerful, and have world.
knowledge of the history of the peoples to 2. The Covenant is a covenant with God.
whom they are sent as well as an understanding 3. The purpose is of the covenant is the
of current issues in those particular situations. recognition of the purpose of God.
4. Recognition of the authority of the Bible
5. Recognition of the uniqueness and universality
of Christ
1 Bevans, Stephen, Church teaching on mission: Ad Gentes, 6. Nature of evangelism – spread the good news
evangelii Nuntiandi, Redemptoris Missio and Dialogue and that Jesus Christ died for our sins.
Proclamation, 2.
4. Evangelii Nuntiandi (1975)
2 Ibid, 2.
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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

4. One of the most important teachings of the

12. Pope Paul VI apostolic exhortation is the expansion of the
13. The church is born of the mission and church’s understanding of mission to include a
evangelization of Jesus Christ. variety of activities other than direct
14. The mission has the church (Stephen Bevans) proclamation of the gospel, working for
conversion and planting the church.
57. The word evangelization came out of this
exhortation and is actually a word which can be Other ecclesial elements:
equated with mission. 15. There is the witness of a vibrant Christian
58. Different from Ad Gentes, it starts talking community, without which the church can have
about Jesus Christ and not on the Trinity. It no credibility.
focused on Jesus’ mission of preaching and 16. Evangelization of cultures.
witnessing to the reign of God.
5. Evangelization includes a commitment to full
Notes: human development and especially to social
1. The pope insists that the church needs to be justice – liberation.
evangelized before it takes on the task of
evangelization – road to conversion. Liberation – as used by the Roman Magisterium in
2. The pope insists on the strong link between theology of liberation, means that evangelization
Jesus’ witness to the Reign of God and the involves an explicit message, adapted to the different
Church. There is real continuity between Jesus’ situations constantly being realized, about the rights
mission and the mission of the church, “the and duties of every human being, about family life
normal, desired, most immediate and most without which personal growth and development is
visible fruit.”3 hardly possible, about life in society, about
3. The fact that the church is so essentially international life, peace, justice and development.
missionary means that everyone in the church
is called to participate in the church’s mission:
“the work of each individual member is 5. Nairobi (1975)
important for the whole”(EN 15).
17. The event of the bombings and Vietnam War
59. This means that, like the Ad Gentes, the 18. A call towards the destruction caused towards
exhortation does not want to reduce missionary the world – God not only owns it but it is the
work to only certain people in the church – ground of mission
members of missionary congregations or the
hierarchy. This is a call to lay involvement in 6. Redemptoris Missio (1990)
mission.
19. The church serves the kingdom by spreading
throughout the world the Gospel.
3 Bosch, David, Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in 20. Addressed to all who doesn’t know Christ and
Theology of Mission (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1991), His Gospel.
489.
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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

1. Christocentric Focus 3. Interreligious Dialogue

60. According to the Prefect of the Congregation of 67. It was already mentioned that interreligious
the Evangelization of Peoples, Josef Cardinal dialogue was mentioned in the encyclical as
Tokmo, one of the main reasons for the release part of the expanded understanding of mission.
of the encyclical is to correct a Christology However, it must be pointed out in a particular
being developed by some theologians that way.
tended to obscure Christian belief that Jesus 68. Though Evangelii Nuntiandi talked about it, it
was indeed the unique and universal savior of did not clearly emphasize that interreligious
humanity. dialogue is a part of evangelization in itself.
61. All people have a right to the truth and life that 69. Dialogue with other faiths is perfectly
the gospel offers, although the gospel is always consistent with the Church’s obligation to
addressed to human beings in their freedom, proclaim Christ as universal savior to all
never imposed upon them. peoples.
62. The church is not an end in itself but that does 70. Nevertheless, the pope says, dialogue is not
not mean that the Reign of God is separate some kind of tactic for eventual conversion. It
from Jesus or the Church. is born out of respect for the other religions,
and is done out of a sincere desire to get to
2. Expanding the Idea of Mission know and to learn from other religious ways.

63. Mission ad gentes, as the first situation of the 7. Donald Senior/ Caroll Stuhmuller
church’s missionary activity, is the mission. It
is the direct witnessing and proclamation of 71. Call to appreciate and share one’s religious
Christ in situations where he is not known, or experience and insights to own community and
where the church is not strong enough to tradition, to others with different cultural,
proclaim the gospel in a fully inculturated social, and religious traditions.
way. However, it should not be limited to that
alone. 8. Dialogue and Proclamation
64. Pope John Paul II also speaks of the new
evangelization. By this, the pope is talking 72. Dialogue and proclamation are both aspects of
about the pastoral work among the established mission. However, there is the tendency to
churches. Looking for the lost children. reduce the two into one. This is the reason why
65. Notion of mission should include the rapidly this document was released to clarify both
growing urban areas of the world, particularly aspects of mission.
in Asia, Africa and Latin America. 73. Mission, as Pope John Paul II insisted, cannot
66. Also, to extend to the youths of the world and be reduced to dialogue, as if all religions are of
to large numbers of the world’s migrants and equal value. But he also, subtly argued that
the conditions of poverty which often makes dialogue is not something we can dispense with
migration necessary. when we preach the riches of Christ.

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

74. The two need to be dynamically related to one

another, and always exist in tension. The root 2. Even if there is the acknowledgement that God
of this is in God’s life and saving activity itself: is the origin and source of mission, this idea is
God offers and works for salvation in the not emphasized.
world, and yet God works in dialogue, never
forcing, but always persuading. 3. Excludes others outside the Church in the doing
75. Christians need to learn how to present the of mission. Since mission is primarily the work
gospel in ways that truly communicate it, of the Church, doing mission is also the work
illumine people’s experience, and challenge of Church leaders and members only.
them to respond. They should model
themselves on Jesus (DP 69). 4. Mission therefore is equivalent to converting
others to become members of the Church.
In summary, paragraph 77 of Dialogue and Sometimes evangelization is the same as
Proclamation states: proselytizing.

Interreligious dialogue and proclamation, though 5. The number of converts, indicated by baptismal
not on the same level, are both authentic elements records, is an important gauge for a successful
of the Church’s evangelizing mission. Both are missionary activity.
legitimate and necessary. They are intimately
related, but not interchangeable: 6. Such an understanding resulted in insensitive
21. true interreligious dialogue on the part of the attitude towards indigenous views and practices
Christian supposes the desire to make Jesus in mission territories.
Christ better known, recognized and loved;
22. proclaiming Jesus Christ is to be carried out in 7. Such a narrow view of mission has been
the Gospel spirit of dialogue. criticized in modern missiology as very limited
The two activities remain distinct but, as experience and unfaithful to the inclusive and tolerant
shows, one and the same local Church, one and the spirit of the vision and practice of Jesus.
same person, can be diversely engaged in both.

Notes on the later documents: (To be discussed)

1. Dominus Iesus (2000)
2. Doctrinal Note on Some Aspects of Theocentric
Evangelization (2007)
1. God's redemptive mission: the source – The
source of the Church's mission is the work of
Ecclesiocentric and Theocentric View of Mission God in redeeming creation. God always takes
the initiative to reach out to human beings in
Ecclesiocentric their varied cultural situations.
2. Jesus: the embodiment of God's mission –
1. Mission as primarily belonging to the Church. God's mission of redemption is concretized in
the person and ministry of Jesus. The Church’s
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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

mission has to pattern itself to the Jesus event

as testified to by the New Testament writings, We need to understand that the concept of mission
especially the Gospels. came out as a result of the earthly ministries of Jesus
Christ. In this regard, we need to see him, his life and
3. Holy Spirit: the Power for the mission – In the teachings as model of mission as we sincerely
Gospels and in the Acts, Jesus and the participate in God’s redemptive act.
disciples' mission is always inspired and Jesus is to be seen in this sense of missiology as the
directed by God's Spirit, so the Church must be content of the mission and at the same time the
open to this inspiration and guidance in her process.
mission.
Inspired Word
4. Church: An instrument for the mission – The
Church participates in God's mission of The prologue of John’s Gospel (John 1: 1)
redemption. The Church does not own the
mission and so it has always to discern God’s I
will in the very concrete situations where she
finds herself in. Church Teachings

5. Cultures: the context of the mission – 1. The mystery of the Incarnation (God becoming
Understanding and dialoguing with cultures is a a human being in Jesus; Immanuel), is God
necessary prerequisite to doing effective
missionary activities. a. reaching out to the whole of creation
b. immersing Himself in the very concrete
situation of His people. In the words of the Old
By shifting to a theocentric understanding of Testament, He “pitched his tent among His
mission, we are all called to be active participants in people.”
God’s redemptive action in the world and the whole of
creation as students in our own fields, as Christians 2. God's vision/ dream for creation (Jn 10:10 –
and as humans. Fullness of life)

3. Jesus' life and ministry as the concretization of

God's vision (dream) and mission (action) for
creation.

CHAPTER 1: Mission and the Jesus-event Missionary Response

Lesson 1:
The Incarnation as God's Contextualization of Himself

Context Lesson 2:

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

Jesus' Relationship with God Context

Context

Inspired Word

Inspired Word - Jesus’ speech before the start of his ministry in Luke
(Lk 4: 18-20)
- Text on Jesus teaching his disciples how to pray to
the Father. The Lord’s
Prayer indicates the kind of relationship Jesus had with Church Teachings
God, his Father which
every missionary must have. Jesus’ ministry was:
1. Liberating
Church Teachings a. Liberation as a theme of Jesus' ministry is suggested
by the so-called
- Jesus’ relationship with God is programmatic speech (Lk. 4:18-20)
1. Important in understanding how Jesus saw his b. Liberation theme is seen in his teachings (parables,
mission sayings, critiques)
2. Characterized by intimacy as seen in his and practice (table fellowship, healings, manner of
a. prayer life relating).
b. attitudes 2. Hope-bearing
c. preaching and dealing with people a. Jesus’ teachings and practice as source of hope for
3. Source of Jesus' passion for his mission the suffering and
-Jesus is passionate because God is passionate the marginalized
4. Jesus saw his mission as fidelity to his relationship b. Relevant texts: the programmatic speech (Lk. 4: 18-
with God 20); the beatitudes
-Jesus' “food” as doing the Father's will (Lk. 6: 20-23); healing stories
4 3. Inclusive
5. Jesus' saw God's will as primary and ultimate a. Jesus' teachings and practice as boundary-shattering,
- “Not my will but your will be done.” inclusive,
reaching out. These are suggested by his parables,
Missionary Response table practice,
healing.
b. Relevant texts: The parable of the good Samaritan;
parables about the
Lesson 3: kingdom; stories about Jesus eating with outcasts;
The Church's mission is patterned on the Jesus’ healing of the woman
mission with hemorrhage.

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

Missionary Response An integral part of the definition of Christianity

is its being missionary. This has to be seen always as
rooted in God's love for humanity and creation which,
at one point in history, became very clear and nuanced
Lesson 4: in the person and life of Jesus.
The Mission Goal: Kingdom of God
Lesson 1:
Context The Church is missionary by nature

An activity on our experience of well-being Context

Inspired Word
An activity on the common understanding that the
The parables of the kingdom. function of something is determined by its nature.

Church Teachings Inspired Word

The core of Jesus' ministry (teaching and practice) is Paul’s image of the Church as People of God.
summed up in the
concept “Kingdom of God.” This is a master symbol Church Teachings
concretizing within the
Jewish context of Jesus' time what God wants and does Mission is the fundamental reality of the Christian life
for his people. Some (Castro)
descriptions are of the Kingdom are: 6
1. Holistic: including the socio-political and economic a. Life has purpose only to the extent that it has a
2. Present and future: concerned about the here and missionary dimension
now and not just the after- (Kirk)
life b. By virtue of baptism, mission is a Christian
3. Gift and task: God makes the kingdom and reality responsibility
but we are instruments c. In Christian anthropology, to be human is to be
other-directed
(missionary)
Missionary Response - Paul’s “nobody lives for him/herself” (Rom. 14)
- Schillebeeckx's anthropological constants: relating
with others,
with society, with culture and history
CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION - We are always kapwa to another (De Mesa, J.;
Enriquez, V.)
CHAPTER II. Mission as a Christian Imperative

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

2. The Church's link to Jesus obligates the Church to - Doing the Father’s will is “taking a strong grip of the
do mission work at hand”
a. The vine and the branches (Jn. 15:1-17) (GS, 93)
b. The Church as Body of Christ (Rom. 12; 1 Cor. 12; b. The Church as leaven for society
eph. 1:23; 5:30; Col. - Church must read the “signs of the times” (GS 40)
1:18) 7
c. The great commission (Mt 28:19-20) - The world is the arena of God’s saving actions (GS,
d. Jesus sends his disciples (Jn. 20:21) 23)
d. Preaching Jesus from Jerusalem to the ends of the c. Church must learn from society
earth (Act 1:8) - The Church can and ought to be enriched by the
development
of human social life (GS, 44)
Missionary Response - The Church is not only a teacher but also a learner
(GS, 40)
We cannot escape the fact that we are missionaries. As d. Examples of societal transformations where the
such, we have to Church played an
cultivate the following attitudes and their important role
corresponding behaviors which are as - politics, economic, social
follows:
Missionary Response

Lesson 2:
The Church's relationship to the world is missionary in
character
CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION
Context
Chapter III: Doing Mission Today: Contexts,
An activity showing the relationship between the Issues, and Methods
Church and society
Doing mission today has to dialogue with a
Inspired Word changed and constantly changing context. The
Church's message of God's love becomes meaningful
The Gospel text on who is the greatest only if it touches the present experiences of people.
The Church is duty-bound to study and understand
Church Teachings these contexts.

The Church as servant (Gaudium et Spes)

- The Church is to serve and not to be served (GS 3) Lesson 1:
- Christians must not shirk from their earthly Nature of today's missionary context
responsibilities (GS 23)

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RELIGION DEPARTMENT

CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

Context a. Roots/ causes: Corruption, unequal distribution of

resources,
An activity that can concretely describe the present unemployment
missionary situation b. poverty and its many evil effects
c. poverty as global phenomenon
Inspired Word 4. Religious extremism and intolerance
a. Roots/ causes: Religious, economic, political
The text referring to Jesus sending his disciples as b. Threats to freedom and human existence: can lead to
“sheep among wolves” terrorism,
poverty, and war
Church Teachings 5. Ecological destruction
a. Roots/ causes
Largely globalized world b. Impact of ecological destruction on human life
a. On the economic aspect
- increase in global/ national income and productivity Missionary Response
- concentration of wealth and power in a few
- Unjust distribution of wealth
- deprivation and impoverishment of the poor and
marginalized
8 Lesson 2:
b. On human development/ rights Missionary Call and Engagement
- disenfranchisement of peoples
- religious and ethnic fundamentalism Context
- exclusion of certain groups
2. Highly technological An activity showing how different religions react to
a. Impact of technological developments on the life of one another
individuals and
communities Inspired Word
- challenge to traditional ways of life and values
- marginalization of the masses Paul’s “no gentile, no Jew; no slave or free....”
- machines take over labor
b. Use of mass media in evangelization: possibilities, Church Teachings
challenges, issues
- fast and wide spread of knowledge, pseudo- Mission and Dialogue of Life
knowledge, and a. The fact, beauty, and challenges of difference: Paul's
outright fake news “unity in diversity”
- information overload b. Nature and principles of dialogue of life
- digitization
3. Poverty in the face of affluence Missionary Response

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CFE 103 (CATHOLIC FOUNDATIONS OF MISSION)

Inspired Word

Lesson 3: - The First Creation story in Genesis, or Paul’s “the

Mission and Culture whole of creation is groaning ...”

Context
Church Teachings
An activity that brings out the differences in culture
Integrity of creation
Inspired Word a. The web of life: we are interconnected and salvation
is for the whole of
Jesus and the Samaritan Woman (A clash of beliefs creation.
and cultural presuppositions) - The sun is our brother, the moon our sister (St.
Francis of Assisi)
- All of creation will be set free (Rom. 8:21-22)
Church Teachings b. Human solidarity with the rest of creation
- Creation as kapwa-kalikasan
. Notions of culture - Common origin and destiny (Gen. 1; Rom. 8)
a. Empirical vs. classical c. The earth as home
b. Vatican II understanding of culture 2. Sustainable development and inter-generational
2. Relationship between faith and culture responsibility
a. Culture as integral aspect of being human a. A more holistic understanding of development
b. Culture as the ground where faith grows and - economic/ material
flourishes - socio-political
c. Necessity of inculturation and interculturation - spiritual
- Dialogue between faith and culture b. Seriously taking responsibility for the future
- Dialogue between and among cultures generations
- focus on the sustainability of resources
Missionary Response 3. The Sapat Principle as an ecological moral
imperative vs.
a. consumerism
b. materialism
c. wastefulness
Lesson 4: d. unbridled desire for profit
Mission and Ecology
Missionary Response
Context

An activity on environmental degradation

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