1/7/2020 Grinding Wheel Specification – My Tutorial World

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Grinding Wheel Specification

Grinding Wheel Marking System

Standard wheel – markings specify all the important wheel characteristics. The marking
system comprises of seven symbols which are arranged in the following order.

Example (Marking system)

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Marking System of Grinding Wheel

Specification of grinding wheels

A grinding wheel is specified by the standard wheel markings like diameter of the wheel,
bore diameter of the wheel, thickness of the wheel type (Shape) of the wheel.

Example
32 A 46 H8V
250X20X32-
Straight wheel

Standard Grinding Wheel Marking System

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Grinding Wheel Marking

Grinding Wheel Marking System

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Construction of the grinding wheel

In order to suit the grinding wheel for different work situations, the features such as
abrasive, grain size, grade, structure and bonding materials can be varied. A grinding
wheel consists of the abrasive that does the cutting, and the bond that holds the abrasive
particles together.

Different Types of Abrasives used in Grinding Wheels

1. Natural Abrasive
2. Artificial Abrasive

The natural abrasives are emery and corundum,These are impure forms of aluminium
oxide.

Artificial abrasives are silicon carbide and aluminium oxide.

The abrasives are selected depending upon the material being ground.
‘Brown’ aluminium oxide is used for general purpose grinding of tough materials.
‘White aluminium oxide is used for grinding ferrous and ferrous alloys.
‘Green’ silicon carbide is used for very hard materials with low tensile strength such as
cemented carbides.

Grain Size or Grit Size of Grinding Wheel

The number indicating the size of the grit represents the number of openings in the sieve
used to size the grain. The larger the grit size number, the finer the grit.

Grade of Grinding Wheel

Grade indicates the strength of the bond and, therefore, the ‘hardness’ of the wheel. In a
hard wheel the bond is strong, and securely anchors the grit in place and, therefore,
reduces the rate of wear. In a soft wheel, the bond is weak and the grit is easily detached
resulting in a high rate of wear.

Structure of Grinding Wheel

This indicates the amount of bond present between the individual abrasive grains and the
closeness of the individual grains to each other. An open structure wheel will cut more

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freely. That is, it will remove more metal in a given time and produce less heat. It will not
produce such a good finish as a closely structured wheel.

Bond of Grinding Wheel

The bond is the substance which, when mixed with abrasive grains, hold them together,
enabling the mixture to be shaped to the form of the wheel, and after suitable treatment
to take on the necessary mechanical strength
for its work. The degree of hardness possessed by the bond is called the ‘grade’ of the
wheel, and indicates the ability of the bond to hold the abrasive grains in the wheel. There
are several types of bonding materials used for making wheels.

Types of Bonds in Grinding Wheel

Vitrified bond
Silicate bond
Shellac bond
Rubber bond
Resinoid bond

1. Vitrified bond

This is the most widely used bond. It has high porosity and strength which makes this type
of wheel suitable for high rate of stock removal. It is not adversely affected by water, acid,
oils or ordinary temperature conditions.

2. Silicate bond

Silicate wheels have a milder action and cut with less harshness than vitrified wheels. For
this reason they are suitable for grinding fine edge tools, cutters etc.

3. Shellac bond

This is used for heavy duty, large diameter wheels where a fine finish is required. For
example, the grinding of mill rolls.

4. Rubber bond

This is used where a small degree of flexibility is required on the wheel as in the cutting off
wheels.
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4. Resinoid bond

This is used for speed wheels. Such wheels are used in foundries for dressing castings.
Resinoid bond wheels are also used for cutting off. They are strong enough to withstand
considerable abuse.

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