Evolution of Intel Processors

Evolution Of Intel Processors (1971 - 2018)
1971-1974: 4004, 8008 and 8080
 Credit: IntelHere's a visual walk through the history of Intel processors from the early
1970s to today, starting with the 4004 chip.
 The chip was packaged in a 16-pin ceramic dual in-line package and was initially
released with a clock speed of 108 KHz (and scaled up to 740 KHz).
1978-1982: iAPX 86 – 8086, 8088 and 80186 (16-bit)
 Credit: IntelThe 8086, also known as the iAPX 86, was Intel's first commercial 16-bit
CPU and is considered to be the chip that launched the era of x86 processors.
 but was built in 2,000 nm and hit more than 1 MIPS at 6 MHz clock speed.
1981: iAPX 432
 Credit: Brouhaha.comThe iPAX 432 is one of the very few Intel processor designs that
flopped and Intel does not talk about anymore.
 the downfall of the 4-8 MHz 432 was the fact that it was much more expensive to
produce and slower than the emerging 80286 design.
1982: 80286
 Intel's 80286 debuted with memory management and wide protection abilities, and
reached clock speeds up to 25 MHz with a performance of more than 4 MIPS in 1991.
1985-1994: 386 and 376
 Credit: IntelThe 32-bit era began with the release of the 386DX CPU in 1985. With
275,000 transistors (1,500 nm) and clock speeds ranging from 16 to 33 MHz, the CPU hit
up to 11.4 MIPS.
1989: 486 and i860
 Credit: IntelThe 486, designed under the guidance of Pat Gelsinger, today's CEO of
VMware, drove Intel through its greatest phase of growth.
1993: Pentium (P5, i586)
 Credit: IntelThe original Pentium was introduced in 1993. In 2005, there were rumors that
Intel would drop the name in favor of the new Core brand, but the Pentium brand lives
on.
 (Multimedia Extensions) and expanded the processor design to 4.5 million transistors
and 233 MHz clock speed.
1994-1999: Bumps in the road
 Credit: WikipediaThroughout the years, Intel has released many successful additions to
its lineup of processors and architectures, but not without running into the occasional
bump in the road.
1995: Pentium Pro (P6, i686)
 Credit: IntelUpon its release, the Pentium Pro was a largely misunderstood processor.
Many believed that the Pro was intended to replace the P5.
1997: Pentium II and Pentium II Xeon
 Credit: IntelThe Pentium II was a consumer-focused processor developed on top of the

sixth-generation P6 architecture, and the first Intel CPU that was delivered in a cartridge-
like slot module and not a socket device.
1998: Celeron
 Intel's low-end consumer processor Celeron was launched in 1998 as a variant of the
Pentium II processor.
1999: Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon
 The Pentium III was released in 1999 and was Intel's initial contender in the gigahertz
race with AMD as well as the CPU that countered the low-power challenge from
Transmeta in early 2000.
2000: Pentium 4
 The Pentium 4 arguably took Intel on a path that led to the most dramatic transformation
of Intel in the company's history.
2001: Xeon
 The first Xeon that did not bring the Pentium brand along was based on Pentium 4's
Netburst architecture and debuted with the 180 nm Foster core.
2001: Itanium
 The Itanium has been Intel's most misunderstood processor that actually survived over a
long period of time.
2002: Hyper-Threading
 Credit: WikipediaIn 2002, Intel released the first modern desktop processor with
Simultaneous Multithreading Technology (SMT), known as Intel Hyper-Threading
Technology.
2003: Pentium M
 The Pentium M 700 series, launched with the 130 nm Banias core in 2003,
 Banias dropped its clock speed to 900 MHz to 1.7 GHz, down from 2.6 GHz of
the Pentium 4 Mobile.
2005: Pentium D
 The Pentium D was Intel's first dual-core processor.

 Intel also released Extreme Editions of both processors and capped the
maximum clock speed at 3.73 MHz and at a power consumption of 130 watts
2009: Terascale Computing Research Program
 Credit: IntelIntel's Terascale Computing Research Program (TSCR) started sometime

around 2005 as a means to address the various challenges faced in scaling chips beyond
four cores and to experiment with improving communication within the processors
themselves.
2006: Core 2 Duo
 Core 2 Duo was Intel's strike back against AMD's Athlon X2 and Opteron processors,
which were highly successful at the time.
 Conroe was launched with 1.2 GHz to 3 GHz clock speeds and as a chip with
291 million transistors.
2007: Intel vPro
 Credit: WikipediaAround 2007, Intel introduced its vPro technology, which isn't much
more than a marketing term for a suite of hardware-based technologies included on select
Intel processors produced since then.
2008: Core i-Series
 Intel's Core-i3, i5 and i7 processors launched with the Nehalem micro-architecture and
the company's 45 nm production process in 2008.
 up to 3.33 GHz clock speed and up to 2.3 billion transistors.

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Evolution Of Intel Processors (1971 - 2018)

1971-1974: 4004, 8008 and 8080

1978-1982: iAPX 86 – 8086, 8088 and 80186 (16-bit)

1981: iAPX 432

produce and slower than the emerging 80286 design.

1985-1994: 386 and 376

1989: 486 and i860

and 233 MHz clock speed.

1994-1999: Bumps in the road

1995: Pentium Pro (P6, i686)

1997: Pentium II and Pentium II Xeon

 Credit: IntelThe Pentium II was a consumer-focused processor developed on top of the

1999: Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon

 The Pentium D was Intel's first dual-core processor.

2009: Terascale Computing Research Program

 Credit: IntelIntel's Terascale Computing Research Program (TSCR) started sometime

2006: Core 2 Duo

2007: Intel vPro

2008: Core i-Series

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