NCLEX Quick Facts

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1. Acid Heartburn (pyrosis) 9. Acquired ELISA

Reflux/GERD Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
What is the
primary What is the
symptom? screening test?
2. Acid Barium swallow 10. Acquired Western Blot
Reflux/GERD fluoroscopy Immunodeficiency
What tests Syndrome
confirms GERD?
What confirms the
3. Acid Lower esophageal spincter
screening test?
Reflux/GERD
11. Acquired It attacks the immune system by
What malfunction Immunodeficiency destroying T-lymphocytes. The virus
allows reflux in Syndrome also rapidly self replicates.
GERD?
How does HIV
4. Acid Low fat, high protein diet, take antacids,
attack the body?
Reflux/GERD avoid lying flat after meals.
12. Acquired T cells help immune system recognize
What is the client Immunodeficiency and fight pathogens.
teaching? Syndrome
5. Acquired Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
What is so
Immunodeficiency
important about T-
Syndrome
lyphocytes?
What is the virus 13. Acquired CD4 cells
that causes AIDS? Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
6. Acquired Sexual Intercourse
Immunodeficiency Direct contact w/ infected blood and
What is another
Syndrome body fluids
name for T-
(semen/vaginal fluid/breast milk)
lymphocytes?
How is HIV HIV mother gives birth to baby
transmitted? 14. Acquired Because the lower the CD$ count the
Immunodeficiency more damage the virus has done to the
7. Acquired Fever, weight loss, night sweats,
Syndrome body.
Immunodeficiency diarrhea, fatigue
Syndrome
Why is the CD4
count important?
What are the
symptoms of 15. Acquired 700-1000
HIV? Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
8. Acquired Screening is done first to see if HIV
Immunodeficiency antibodies are present. Then a test is
What is a normal
Syndrome performed to specifically identify the
CD4 count?
antibodies.
How is the 16. Acquired The client is considered in good shape
presence of HIV Immunodeficiency anything at or above 500. If below 500
confirmed? Syndrome HIV has progressed to AIDS.

What is the normal

CD4 count in a
client with HIV?
17. Acquired Oral Pharyngeal candidal infection 25. Acute Renal Failure oliguric, diuretic and recovery
Immunodeficiency (mouth fungus)
Syndrome Kaposi's sarcoma (skin cancer) There are three
Pneumocystis Pneumonia phases, what are
What are some Cytomegalovirus (Blindness) they?
opportunistic Meningitis
26. Acute Renal Failure Lasts 1-2 weeks and has low urine
infections?
output <400, hyperkalemia, HTN,
18. Acquired To interfere with the replication of the During the oliguric elevated BUN/creatinine, and fluid
Immunodeficiency virus. phase what will you overload.
Syndrome see?
27. Acute Renal Failure Sodium and Potassium
What is the goal of
HIV medications?
What other two
19. Acquired Zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir) electrolytes will be
Immunodeficiency elevated?
Syndrome
28. Acute Renal Failure Urine output slowly returns,
hypokalemia, hypotension,
The most important
The diuretic phase is BUN/creatinine decreases but will still
medication to know
second, what will be elevated.
is?
you see?
20. Acquired Universal precautions because
29. Acute Renal Failure The kidneys are recovering through a
Immunodeficiency patients do not have to disclose that
slow process. Urine volume and BUN
Syndrome they have HIV. Treat everyone as if
What does recovery is normal.
they are INFECTED!
phase mean?
What isolation
precautions are 30. Acute Renal Failure Daily weights, strict I&O's, treat the
used with HIV? causes and diuretics
What are the
21. Acquired If the patient has a low CD4 count
nursing
Immunodeficiency and is at risk for opportunistic
interventions?
Syndrome infections
-private room 31. Acute Renal Failure High carb and low protein.
How do the -reverse isolation
precautions change gown, goggles, gloves when in direct What is the best
with AIDS? contact with blood and body fluids. diet for a client with
ARF?
22. Acquired -Clean up body fluids and blood with
Immunodeficiency 10:1 water to bleach ratio. 32. Allergies Bananas, kiwi and chestnuts
Syndrome -Get all immunizations except for
varicella and oral poliovirus. Clients allergic to
What are teaching -High calorie/protein diet. latex may also be
points for parents -Wear gloves when changing diapers. allergic to what
who have a child foods?
with HIV? 33. Allergies Blood pressure cuffs, gloves,
23. Acute Renal Failure Sudden loss of kidney function to stethoscopes, tourniquets, bandages,
discrete toxins and regulate What standard and indwelling catheters.
What is the fluids/electrolytes. hospital equipment
definition of acute contains latex?
renal failure? 34. Allergies iodine/shellfish
24. Acute Renal Failure Infection, obstruction and shock
What allergy is
What are some contraindicated for
possible causes of contrast dye?
ARF?
35. Amputation Infections, skin breakdown, 47. Anorexia Nervosa Starvation
phantom limb pain, joint
What are the major contractures. The primary symptom of
complications of having an illness is?
amputation performed?
48. Anorexia Nervosa Distorted
36. Amputation Elevate 1st 24 hrs then prone
position twice daily to What is the perception of
What is the positioning for prevent hip flexion the body?
post-op care?
49. Anorexia Nervosa Adolescent
AKA - above the knee
amputation
At what age does this
37. Amputation Elevate foot of the bed 1st 24 disease occur?
hrs then prone position twice
50. Anorexia Nervosa Perfectionist, over achievers
BKA - below the knee daily to prevent hip flexion
with low self-esteem
amputation
What is the usual
38. Amputation Expression of feelings about personality type?
lost limb
51. Anorexia Nervosa Arrhythmias
What should you encourage?
39. Amputation Pain felt in the area that has What is a major cardiac
been amputated complication of anorexia>
What is phantom limb pain?
52. Anorexia Nervosa Amenorrhea
40. Aneurysm True
What is a major
An aneurysm is dilation gynecological
formed at a weak point on complication of anorexia?
the wall of an artery. True or
53. Anorexia Nervosa Small frequent meals with in-
false
patient counseling and milleu
41. Aneurysm Most aneurysms inside have What treatment is therapy.
no symptoms involved in recovery?
What are the symptoms for
54. Appendicitis 10 to 30
aneurysms inside the body?
42. Aneurysm A blowing bruit Commonly seen in what
age range?
What sound would be heard
55. Appendicitis Acute right lower abdominal
on auscultation
pain
43. Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis, Infection What is the classic sign of
(syphilis), smoking, HTN appendicitis?
What are some of the risk
56. Appendicitis Loss of appetite, nausea,
factors?
vomiting, and low grade temp.
44. Aneurysm Surgery-depends on size, What are some other
strict blood pressure, control signs/symptoms?
What is the treatment for an with medication.
57. Appendicitis McBurney's point
aneurysm?
45. Aneurysm Severe pain, N/V, Localized tenderness is
tachycardia, decreased LOC, found where?
What are the signs of a hypotension
58. Appendicitis Complete Hx and physical
ruptured aneurysm?
exam with WBC count (will be
46. Aneurysm Avoid straining, lifting or What are the tests done elevated)
exerting, take mends on to determine appendicitis?
Important client teaching schedule, report severe
would be to? back/flank pain
59. Appendicitis Immediate surgery to remove 70. Asthma Anti-inflammatory
appendix, IV antibiotics, semi- Corticosteriods
What is the treatment for fowlers position, NPO to rest What medications work Bronchodilators
appendicitis? gut. best for treatment? Leukotriene Modifiers
Metered Dose Inhalers
60. Appendicitis NPO status, no heat on
abdomen, assess abdominal 71. Asthma Brochodilator
General treatment for any distention, IV fluid therapy.
acute abdominal pain? What should you give
first the steroid or
61. Arterial Blood Gad Radial artery in wrist
Bronchodilator when
treating asthma?
Where are most samples
drawn from? 72. Asthma They are drugs used to block the
chemical leukotriene in order to
62. Arterial Blood Gad 5 minutes
What are leukotriene reduce inflammation.
modifiers?
How long should pressure
be applied to the site after 73. Asthma 1. Shake the inhaler well before use
collecting a sample? (3-4 shakes)
How do you use a 2. Remove the cap
63. Arterial Blood Gad Allen's Test
metered dose inhaler? 3. Breathe out away from inhaler
4. Bring inhaler to mouth, placing
Which test should be
between teeth.
performed before
5. Breathe in SLOWLY pressing the
collecting an ABG on a
top of the inhaler one time and
patient?
keep breathing slowly until a full
64. Aspergers Syndrome Autism breath has been taken.
6. Remove the inhaler from mouth,
This syndrome is a form of holding breath for 10 seconds.
_________?
65. Aspergers Syndrome Communication and social Rinse mouth after each dose to
skills of the patient prevent thrush
Treatment focuses on wait 1 minute between each puff
improving? spacer should be used if
experiencing side effects or if
66. Asthma Spasms and inflammation
cannot tolerate bitter taste.

An obstructive airway 74. Autonomic Dysreflexia Spinal cord injury

disease cause by ________ (T-5 or above)
and __________ of the Autonomic Dysreflexia
bronchioles? occurs in clients with
what kind of injury?
67. Asthma SOB, tachycardia, expiratory
wheezing, and possibly a 75. Autonomic Dysreflexia Noxious stimuli such as a full
What are the signs of cough bladder or fecal impaction.
asthma? What can cause
autonomic dysreflexia?
68. Asthma at night
76. Autonomic Dysreflexia Life threatening due to clients
When will the client becoming extremely hypertensive.
experience the cough? Why is autonomic
dysreflexia so serious?
69. Asthma To identify allergen/trigger
77. Autonomic Dysreflexia Increase in BP 40 mm Hg
What is the primary Headache
treatment goal? What are the signs of Bradycardia
autonomic dysreflexia? Blurred Vision
Sweating
78. Autonomic Dysreflexia Place client in high Flowler's 89. Benign Prostatic 3 way (lumen) foley catheter
(1st action) Hyperplasia (BPH)
What should be done during Check for bladder for
an episode? distention All Clients will get a ____ ____
Loosen Restrictive clothing ____ ____ before a TURP?
79. Autonomic Dysreflexia Removal of the stimuli, 90. Benign Prostatic Inflating the balloon, inflow
patient needs to void/bowel Hyperplasia (BPH) of solution, outflow of urine
What is the treatment? movement.
What are the three lumens
80. Bell's Palsy Cranial nerve #7
for?
Bell's Palsy affects which 91. Benign Prostatic Continuous badder irrigation
cranial nerve? Hyperplasia (BPH) (CBI)
81. Bell's Palsy Temporary facial paralysis
What will the doctor order
that affects chewing, eating
to be done after a TURP?
What does the client with and closing the eyes.
Bell's Palsy suffer from? 92. Benign Prostatic Reduce/Prevent blood clot
Hyperplasia (BPH) formation
82. Bell's Palsy Wear an eye patch at night,
use artificial tears, wear
What is the goal of the
What is the treatment for glasses to protect. Steroids
bladdder irrigation?
Bell's Palsy? are used to reduce edema.
93. Benign Prostatic No, irrigation is done using
83. Benign Prostatic Cause is unknown but it's an
Hyperplasia (BPH) the indwelling catheter
Hyperplasia (BPH) enlargement of the prostate
gland.
Will an incision be made
BPH is caused?
during the irrigation?
84. Benign Prostatic Straining to urinate and a
94. Benign Prostatic Isotonic sterile saline
Hyperplasia (BPH) decreased stream. Feeling
Hyperplasia (BPH)
like you have to go all the
Because the prostate blocks time. Dribbling.
What type of fluid is uded
the urethra opening clients
to irrigate the bladder?
will feel and see what when
they urinate? 95. Benign Prostatic Light Pink
Hyperplasia (BPH)
85. Benign Prostatic Men >50
Hyperplasia (BPH)
What color do you want the
urine to be?
Who gets it?
96. Benign Prostatic Bladder distention
86. Benign Prostatic Transurethral resection of the
Hyperplasia (BPH) Fluid Overload (FVE)
Hyperplasia (BPH) prostate (TURP)
Hyponatremia
During CBI what must the Blood loss
What is the common surgical
client be monitored for?
treatment for BPH?
97. Benign Prostatic B&O suppositories or
87. Benign Prostatic Scope goes in through the
Hyperplasia (BPH) Ditropan
Hyperplasia (BPH) penis and removes parts of
the prostate.
If bladder spasms occur give
How is a TURP performed?
_____ or ______?
88. Benign Prostatic Bleeding; monitor closely for
98. Benign Prostatic Lying flat, sitting up will put
Hyperplasia (BPH) hemorrhage.
Hyperplasia (BPH) pressure on the bladder
After the procedure what is
The best position for this
the client at risk for?
client post-op is?
99. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Drinking 2-3 110. Blood Administration Restlessness, nausea, hives, SOB,
Liters of fluids fever, chills and back pain.
Discharge instructions include what daily What are the signs
teaching? No lifting or of an adverse
straining reaction?
If bright red
111. Blood Administration Stop blood and run the NS that is
clots ---call
hanging, do vitals, notify the PCP
PCP
What do you do if an and blood bank. Make sure urine and
Do kegel
adverse reaction blood cultures are performed.
exercises
occurs?
100. Blood Administration written
112. Blood Administration Because running blood fast can
consent
cause fluid overload.
What must be received before a
Why much you run
transfusion is started?
blood at a slow rate?
101. Blood Administration Type O
113. Blood Administration Epogen (epoetine alfa)

What blood type is considered universal

What drug is also
and can be used for ALL other donors?
used to treat anemia
102. Blood Administration Hepatitis B because it increases
RBC production?
What is the most common infection
114. Blood Administration Hypertension and seizures
spread through blood transfusion?
103. Blood Administration Type and Clients taking
Cross Epogen should be
In order to determine donor compatibility matching. monitored for?
what must be done?
115. Blood Pressure The force of blood flowing through
104. Blood Administration Take vital the arteries.
signs What is BP?
What must be done to determine a
116. Blood Pressure 120/80
client's baseline before starting the
transfusion?
What is the
105. Blood Administration 18G with a recommended blood
filter catheter pressure?
What size IV must the client have?
117. Blood Pressure Top = Systolic Pressure
106. Blood Administration TWO Bottom = Diastolic Pressure
What are the top
How many nurses (RNs) must confirm the and bottom values?
unit of blood?
118. Blood Pressure Systolic - pressure while the heart is
107. Blood Administration 30 minutes beating.
Define the terms: Diastolic - pressure while the heart is
How long after blood is removed from systolic and diastolic resting.
blood bank's refrigerator do you have to pressure
start it?
119. Blood Pressure Diastolic - because if the pressure is
108. Blood Administration 15 minutes elevated at rest then HTN is present.
Which value
How long must you stay with the client determines if a
after transfusion is started? person has HTN?
109. Blood Administration About 250 mL 120. Blood Pressure African American, Obesity, Anxiety,
Diabetes, and Smoking.
How many mLs are in one unit of packed What are risk factors
red blood cells? for HTN?
121. Blood Pressure Blurry vision, headache, chest pain BUT keep in mind that HTN is the silent
killer because most people do not have symptoms.
What are the physical signs of HTN?
122. Blood Pressure If the cuff is too small the BP will read higher than it actually is. If the cuff is
too big the BP will read lower than it actually is.
How can the size of the BP cuff affect the BP
reading?
123. Blood Pressure Wrong size cuff, position, caffiene intake, axiety, and activity.

What are some other factors that alter BP?

124. Blood Pressure It is the difference between systolic and diastolic numbers.

What is pulse pressure?

125. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure & Pulse Rate

Before you give a BP medication always check the

126. Blood Pressure BP less than 100 or HR less than 60

Hold the medication if systolic BP is less than ____

or the heart rate is less than ____
127. Blood Pressure Diuretics, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers and Vasodilators.

What classes of medication are used for HTN?