GALLANOSA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

San Pedro, Irosin, Sorsogon

Learning Activity Sheet Number 4
Name of the Student__________________________________________________
Learning Area/Grade Level: ____________________________________________
Date: ___________________________________

I. Introductory Concept
This lesson will explain how heat from inside the Earth (geothermal) and from
flowing water (hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy for human use and
identify the different water resources on Earth.

II. Learning Skills from the MELC

a. Explain how heat from inside the Earth (geothermal) and from flowing water
(hydroelectric) is tapped as a source of energy for human use.
b. Identify the various water resources on Earth.
III. Activities
a. Engage
Study the picture below and answer the following questions.

1. What can you say about the picture?

2. Can you identify the different forms of energy?
3. What forms of energy can you see in the picture?

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 b. Explore
ACTIVITY 1

HOW HEAT FROM INSIDE THE EARTH (GEOTHERMAL) IS TAPPED AS A

SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HUMAN USE

Study the picture below. Explain how it works.

PICTURE 1

PICTURE 2

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 ACTIVITY 2
WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH

Study the picture below. Write your implication about the water resources on
Earth.

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c. Explain

HOW HEAT FROM INSIDE THE EARTH (GEOTHERMAL) AND FROM

FLOWING WATER (HYDROELECTRIC) IS TAPPED AS A SOURCE OF
ENERGY FOR HUMAN USE

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

➢ is heat within the earth. The word geothermal comes from the Greek
words geo (earth) and therme (heat). Geothermal energy is a renewable
energy source because heat is continuously produced inside the earth.
People use geothermal heat for bathing, to heat buildings, and to generate
electricity.
➢ The slow decay of radioactive particles in the earth's core, a process that
happens in all rocks, produces geothermal energy.
➢ The earth has four major parts or layers:

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 An inner core of solid iron that is about 1,500 miles in diameter
An outer core of hot molten rock called magma that is about 1,500 miles thick.
A mantle of magma and rock surrounding the outer core that is about 1,800
miles thick
A crust of solid rock that forms the continents and ocean floors that is 15 to 35
miles thick under the continents and 3 to 5 miles thick under the oceans
➢ Scientists have discovered that the temperature of the earth's inner core is about
10,800 degrees Fahrenheit (°F), which is as hot as the surface of the sun.
Temperatures in the mantle range from about 392°F at the upper boundary with the
earth's crust to approximately 7,230°F at the mantle-core boundary.
➢ The earth's crust is broken into pieces called tectonic plates. Magma comes close to
the earth's surface near the edges of these plates, which is where many volcanoes
occur. The lava that erupts from volcanoes is partly magma. Rocks and water absorb
heat from magma deep underground. The rocks and water found deeper
underground have the highest temperatures.
➢ People can capture geothermal energy through:
• Geothermal power plants, which use heat from deep inside the Earth to generate steam
to make electricity.

• Hot water is pumped from deep underground through a well under high
pressure. When the water reaches the surface, the pressure is dropped, which
causes the water to turn into steam. The steam spins a turbine, which is
connected to a generator that produces electricity. The steam cools off in a
cooling tower and condenses back to water. The cooled water is pumped back
into the Earth to begin the process again.

• Geothermal heat pumps, which tap into heat close to the Earth's surface to heat water or
provide heat for buildings.
• Water or a refrigerant moves through a loop of pipes. When the weather is cold,
the water or refrigerant heats up as it travels through the part of the loop that's
buried underground. Once it gets back above ground, the warmed water or
refrigerant transfers’ heat into the building. The water or refrigerant cools down
after its heat is transferred. It is pumped back underground where it heats up
once more, starting the process again. On a hot day, the system can run in
reverse. The water or refrigerant cools the building and then is pumped
underground where extra heat is transferred to the ground around the pipes.

HYDROELECRICITY
➢ is a form of energy generated by the motion of water (kinetic energy) and is
converted into electricity.
➢ Is made from the constant motion of the water cycle and it is the result of
solar heat and the gravitational forces from the earth.
➢ The water cycle starts with the evaporation of water and then fall back down
as rain, hail or snow.
➢ This constant fall of water is what produces the hydroelectricity.
➢ Hydropower is fuelled by water and driven by the sun, therefore; it is a
sustainable fuel source.
➢ Other benefits formed from hydropower efforts is flood control, irrigation and
water supply.

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 WATER RESOURCES ON EARTH

SALTWATER – 97%

The majority of water on Earth is salty! Chloride and sodium are the most abundant
ions found in salt water. Other ions or elements, particularly in the oceans, include
magnesium, sulfur, calcium, potassium, and much more. These ions form salts, giving
oceans, seas, and some lakes their salty or saline characteristic. Organisms that in these
habitats have adaptations that allow them to live in the water and salt that constantly
surrounds them. Humans cannot use saltwater directly – which you probably know if you’ve
ever swallowed ocean water and felt sick afterward. Before humans can use saltwater for
drinking or farmland irrigation, it must be treated to remove the salts, through a process
called desalinization. Desalinization is costly and requires a lot of energy, but for places that
are extremely dry this process can provide people with much-needed freshwater.

ICE – 2.06%

Most of the freshwater on the Earth is frozen! So much of our water is frozen, that
if all of it melted at once, the sea would rise about 6 meters (20 feet)! Ice is made of
freshwater, even ice floating in oceans and seas. This is because saltwater freezes at
much lower temperatures than freshwater and very cold saltwater are so dense it sinks
away from the surface where freezing takes place. Ice is found at the north and south
poles as ice caps, as glaciers on high mountains and at high latitudes, and in regions
with permanent snow and permafrost (frozen soils). Approximately 90% the Earth’s ice is
in Antarctica. Ice seems motionless but many ice features move and flow, just very
slowly. Ice caps and glaciers form in layers, as snow and frozen water is deposited over
long periods of time. As each layer forms, gasses, dust, and other molecules get
trapped, forming a record of the climate conditions that year. Climate scientists can drill
deep into ice caps and glaciers to analyze how the Earth’s climate has changed over
millions of years.

GROUNDWATER – 0.9%

Nearly anywhere you can stand on the Earth’s surface, there is water in the
ground underneath your feet. Water from rain trickles downward through the soil until it
reaches material that is already saturated with water. Depending on depth of this area
and the how fast the water has filtered through the soil, groundwater can be days to
thousands of years old. Places where groundwater collects in water wells are called
aquifers. Humans rely heavily on groundwater for drinking, farming, and other uses but
over-use, pollution, and sea level rise threaten this precious resource.

LAKES – 0.008%

Lakes are just one type of surface-water – water that is easily accessible and visible
on the surface of the Earth. Lakes form where water runoff from rain and snow accumulates.
In some places, lakes form in areas where groundwater seeps up to the surface. Lakes
come in a variety of shapes and sizes, and can contain salty or fresh water. The Earth’s
oldest and largest lake, Lake Baikal in Siberia, has a depth of over 1,500 m or 1 mile!
Freshwater lakes are highly valued by people, as places of recreation and water supply. If

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your city or town has a reservoir, this is a natural or man-made lake used for its water – the
source of water coming out of your faucets.

WETLANDS – 0.001%

Wetlands occur in areas where water covers the soil for varying periods of time.
This phenomenon can occur along coastlines where tides move water back and forth
over the land, and in areas that are prone to flooding such as low lying areas around
lakes and rivers. You might also know them as deltas, estuaries, marshes, swamps, and
bayous. Wetlands contain a large diversity of organisms as they are areas where both
land-dwelling and aquatic organisms live. This diversity of organisms, from microbes to
mammals, interact with the environment and each other to create some of the most
active aquatic habitats on Earth. Wetlands also fill important roles such as nursery
habitats for fish, resting places for migrating birds, and buffer zones from storm damage.
Unfortunately, many wetlands are also located in areas that are considered prime real
estate for humans which has resulted in more than 50% loss of this important habitat.

RIVERS – 0.0002%

Rivers form where water flows downhill, due to gravity, making a journey from the
tops of mountains to the sea. Many different plant and animal species can be found along
rivers. Although, rivers make up a small proportion of Earth’s water resources they have and
continue to be an important resource for humans, serving as transit systems for exploration
and transport of goods, power generation, recreation, and a source of freshwater.

d. Evaluate
Get a globe and find the distribution of water in the Northern and
Southern Hemisphere. Is there equal distribution of land and water in the
two Hemisphere? What is the largest ocean?

Find the location of the Philippines. What are the bodies of water
surrounding the Philippines?

V. Answer Key
Activity 1
Answers may vary
Activity 2
Answers may vary

VI. Reflection

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VII. References

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/geothermal/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_resources
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/freshwater-resources/
https://www.greenfacts.org/en/water-resources/index.htm
https://www.ngwa.org/what-is-groundwater/About-groundwater/information-on-
earths-water

Prepared by:

JARED A. GIMPAO
SHS