1.

THE ROMANS IN BRITAIN

B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases written in bold:

“Rebellions” means a group of people who are against something.
“Splendours” means magnificent and splendid appearance grandeour.
“Indigenous” means a person originating or occurring naturally in a particular place,
native.
C. Check your facts:
1. C
2. Claudius
3. False
4. C
5. Hadrian built a wall in the north of Britain to separate the roman province from the
barbarian north and was a visual demonstration of the power of Rome.
6. C
7. False
8. False
9. D
D. What do you think?
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. By the phrase “look to your own defences” I understand that you need to watch your
own business or search or expect something.
E. Linguistic context
1.
a) –4
b) – 5 c) – 2 d) – 6 e) – 3 f) – 1
2.
1100s - 1400s – Increment, progressio
1500s – Negotium
1600s – Thesaurus
1700s – Medicinae provectus
1800s – Subsidiis didacticis
1900s – Curriculum vitae

F. Extension activities
1. Discuss: The Romans considered themselves to be civilized and dismissed everything
non-Roman as barbarian/uncivilized.
What do you think the Romans sow things in this way?
Romans sow things in this way because they were more evolved in every way (cultural,
religious) than other nations.
What is your idea of civilization?
Civilization is a nation of people with the same religion culture and beliefs at a high rate.
How would you measure a country's civilization its technology, education, culture,
attitudes, friendliness?
I would measure a country’s civilization by its technology, education, culture, attitudes,
friendliness because these are the top notch things for every country.
Do you think Britain is civilized country? Give reasons.
Yes, I think Britain is a civilized country because it has their own religion, culture and is
very advanced in technology.
2.
“Hadrian’s Wall” – Hadrian's Wall, also called the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum
Hadriani in Latin, was a defensive fortification in the Roman province of Britannia, begun in
AD 122 in the reign of the emperor Hadrian.
“Piets” -
“Ninth Legion of Rome” - Legio IX Hispana also written Legio nona Hispana or Legio VIIII
Hispana, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the 1st century BC
until at least AD 120.
“All roads lead to Rome” - All Roads Lead to Rome is a 2015 romantic comedy film
directed by Ella Lemhagen and written by Josh Appignanesi and Cindy Myers. The film
stars Sarah Jessica Parker, Raoul Bova, Rosie Day, Paz Vega, and Claudia Cardinale.
“Rome wasn’t built in a day” -  is an adage attesting to the need for time to create great
things.
“When in Rome, do as the Romans do” - a proverb attributed to Saint Augustine. The
phrase means that it is advisable to follow the conventions of the area in which you are
residing or visiting.
3.
a) Much of the Hadrian’s wall continues to this day.
b) It would take you one day and 5 hour to walk from one and two the other.
c) The Picts were a confederation of Celtic-speaking peoples who lived in what is today
eastern and northern Scotland during the Late British Iron Age and Early Medieval periods.
d) The Ninth Legion of Rome disappear in a mist.
e) The book: “The Eagle of the Ninth” – bestseller
The movie: “The Eagle” by Jamie Bell and Channing Tatum

2. The Norman Conquest

B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases written in bold:
„sworn an oath” means to make a promise or to make a vow.
„cavalry” represents soldiers who fought on horseback.
„archers” means people who shoot with abow and arrows.
„routed” means to send or direct along a specified course.

C. Check your facts:

1. Duke William won the Battle of Hastings.
2. William was supported in his Conquest of England by King Harold II.
3. Harold's army was tired because they defeated the Vikings in Yorkshire and they had to
march 250 miles south in only 12 days.
4. William’s army had cavalry and Harold's army needed archers.
5. They were 2000 people killed in the battle.
6. The Bayeux Tapestry was important because both is an artistic masterpiece and crucial
historical source, the belief that Harold was hit in the eye with an arrow.
7. William imposed his rule over England by building huge impregnable stone castles,
terrorizing the inhabitants of the surrounding countryside into obedience. He also raised
taxes from the inhabitants of his new kingdom.
8. Norma's got detailed information about the English by sending his man to conduct the
first doorstep survey in history.
9. The ruling class are called Domesday Book.
10. William ruled England for 21 years.

D. What do you think?

1. The Pope was on the side of William because he did not recognize Harold as king and
had given William a ring and a banner the show that God was on his side.
2. A
3. C
4. False
5. A

E. Linguistic context.
2.
“quick” – qwick
“enough” – enouh
“church” – curch
“house” – huse
“city” – ecity
“love” – ltve
3. I think the new spellings are easier to remember because we are used to them.
4.
“venison”
“pork”
“mutton”
“veal”
“beef”
F. The Bayeux Tapestry.
1. Normans set on fire to an English house – the second picture.
2. a) The first pictures –William’s army distracted by the Vikings invasion.
b) The third picture – The battle between William’s army and English army.
c) The fourth picture – Fight scene from the battle.
G. Extension activities.
a) The battle of Hastings is re-enacted by English actors. They are pretty realistic. The
people are motivated to do this because it reminds them of their past.
b) William and his troops crossed the channel from France in boats and there was no one
to resist the invading force.
c) The Domesday book was used to know exactly who owned what and how much. Yes, it
can still be used to settle disputed in English law because it was recently used in 1982.

3. Elizabeth I
B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases written in bold .
The meaning of the phrase ‘I know I have the body of a weak and feeble woman , but I
have the heart and stomach of a king, and the king of England too’ is that although the
queen has feminine physical features , her mentality is specific to a king.
The meaning of the word ‘demonized’ is evil , diabolically.
‘Illegitimate’ means illegal or unjustified.
The meaning of the word ‘charisma’ is full of charm.
‘Ousted’ means dethroned or eliminated.
‘House arrest’ means imposing to a prisoner not to leave his own house.
The meaning of the word ‘Armada’ is the army team of Spain.
‘Beacon’ is a maritime signalling facility.

C. Check your facts !

1. Tru
e
2. b)
3. No
4. False
5. a)
6. d)
7. True
8. Mary Queen of Scots posed a threat to Elizabeth when she imprisoned Elizabeth in the
Tower of London , and tried to collect evidence to show that Elizabeth was plotting against
her.
9. d)
10. I can say that Elizabeth was a modern woman , because she doesn’t always follow the
rules and because she did not take into account prejudices about her.

D. What do you think ?

1. I think that the added ‘s’ in the pre-written court letters tell us more about the attitudes
towards women in Elizabeth’s day , because as we know , a queen is not preferred
instead of a king.
2. I think that the word ‘usually’ is inserted before ‘punishment’ to show that even she
avoided extremes in religion and politics , in punishment she was more severe.
3. My interpretation of Elizabeth ‘s phrase , is that her purpose was not to touch men’s
souls , so they appreciate her , but to be a good queen , who serves her country.
4. The expression ‘ patriotic liberty’ means that England , was free and independent during
Elizabeth’s reign .
’Cultural flowering’ means cultural evolution .
‘Approved template’ means accepted model.
5. I think that the most remarkable thing about Elizabeth is her courage and her
independent spirit . Even if she is a woman , she had no fear to ‘fight’ with men.

E. Elizabeth iconography .
a) The defeated ‘Armada’ is showed in the right picture from the backgrounf of the photo.
b) The triumphant British fleet is in the left part of the picture.
c) A symbol of Elizabeth’s purity is the ‘sieve’ . (she was wearing a sieve)
d) The world globe is a symbol for the New World .
e) The crown.

F. Extension activities.
1. Hatfield House is a country house set in a large park on the eastern side of the town of
Hatfield , in Hertfordshire , England. Palace of Hatfield was the childhood home and
favourite residence of Queen Elizabeth I .
2. Sir Walter Raleigh , was born on 22 January 1552 at Devon , England and died on 29
October 1618 in London . He was a famous writer and explorer. After the death of
Elizabeth , in 1603 , he was accused of conspiring against King James I.
3. Marry , Queen of Scotland , was executed on 8 February 1587 and she had to forgive
Elizabeth for the execution order.
4. The England of the first Elizabeth is a dark and sensuous place . Directed by Shekher
Kapur , this movie is one steeped in rich , saturated colors and emotions. Cate Blanchett
stars as Elizabeth I , as the film opens , she frolies her lover , Robert Dudley ( Joseph
Fiennes) and her ardor only subides as she realizes no man loves the Queen of England
only for herself. The screenplay provides a series of hard edged conversations in which
Elizabeth’s enemies conspire against her , and her firends urgently counsel her while she
teaches herself to tell true allies from false ones.
At the end of the film , Elizabeth announces ’I have become a virgin ! ’. And so she
remained , ruling over and in some sense creating the England that gave us Shakespeare.

4. The Victorian Era

B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases write in bold.
’Sewerage’ means water draining system.
’Slum’ is a very poor and crowded area .
The meaning for ’potent’ is powerfull , important.
’Personified’ means to give life.
’Prudish’ means shyness.
’Mourn’ means to cry deeply.

C. Check your facts.

1. True
2. transport industry , electricity , economy.
3. d)
4. False
5. The vote and the party system were gradually emerged.
6. b)
7. Iron and glass.
8. True

D. What do you think ?

1. d)
2. c)
3. Queen Victoria prefered Disraeli to Gladstone because of the flattery and and attention
she received , but also because of Gladstone’s fail to win the approved of his monarch.
4. The word ’Victorian’ have a more negative meaning in modern english according to the
text.
5. b)

E. Linguistic context : The Queens English.

1. b)
2. c)
3. b)

F. Extension activities.
1. Something that's Dickensian brings the writing of Charles Dickens to mind, especially
his vivid scenes of poverty in Victorian England. While you can describe a story that's
written in the style of "Oliver Twist" or "Great Expectations" as Dickensian, it's more
common to use the adjective when you talk about poverty or extreme social inequality,
subjects that Dickens famously examined in his novels. Modern journalists often describe
bleak scenes of hardship — homeless families, hungry children, squalid living spaces, or
unsafe working conditions — as Dickensian.
2. a) The bathing machine was a device , popular from the 18 th century , to allow people
to change out of their usual clothes , into swimwear and wade in the ocean at beaches.
b) The fact that Queen Victoria had a bathing machine means that she was introverted
and she considered that changing her clothes in public is not decent for a queen.
c) Legal segregation of beaches ended in Britain in 1901.
d) The year 1901 means the death of Queen Victoria.
3.Gladstone and Disraeli represented two great personalities in the
Victorian era, the two having different dress styles and physical traits
4. In my opinion , the modern British society is better , because people
are free to shoe their feelings and preferences .
I think that the second one is closer to country’s attitude .
Yes , I think that British attitudes today are still a little
Victorian.
 5.The British Empire
B.Explain the meaning of the words and phrases written in bold:
*exploitation:-Economic(and political) service in a people or in a country unknown abroad
-unqualified appropriation of the work products of others created by over work
*in earnest:-serious and determinated .
*habitable:-a place whih can be inhabited .
*imperialism:-policy to extend the dominance of a nation over other foreign countries .
*ideology:-totality of ideas and conceptions that costitue the theoretical part of a current, of
a system .
*’social Darwinst’:-The teory that individuals, groups and peoples are subject to the some
darwinian laws of natural selections as plants and animal.
*benign:-Who does no harm or does not flu from man;witch is not scarry .
*heralded:-who enjois a certain reputation;with reputations;very familiar .
*sprawling:-(of a city)coverd with buildings across a large area, often ones that have been
added gradually over a period of time .
*ever-diminishing:-to reduce or be reduced in size or importance.

C.Check your facts!

1.False
2.In Virginia in 1585.
3.a)
4.False
5.a)
6.a)
7.a)
8.True
9.Cricket and football

D.What do you think?

1.In 1603 there was a union of the English and the Scottish crowns, while in 1707 they
offered bribes and applied a lot of pressure.
2.b)
3.Compared to the first world war, the second war had a much stronger impact on the
British Empire because this Empire gave capitalism, parliamentary democracy, the English
language railway travel, cricket and football to the world .
4.d)
5.The author considers that the British Empire was more of a good thing, because at the
time many beneficial changes took place, but it was also a bad thing, because during that
period, millions of a people were enslaved and exploited.

E. William Wilberfoce and the abolition of slavery.

Economic development and the resistance of the slaves themselves were key factors in
bringing about the end of slavery. But the roles of the anti-slavery campaigner William
Wilberforce and the Royal Navy were also vital in ending the trade itself. Read this
account of Wilberforce's role, choosing the correct tense alternative for each verb.
William Wilberforce was born on 24th August 1759 in Hull and had became MP for
that city in 1780. But the most important date in his life is probably 1785, when he had a
conversion to evangelical Christianity. From that date on, he had dedicated his life and
work to the service of God. He was a dissolute young man at Cambridge University,
playing cards, drinking and gambling late into the night. This lifestyle had continued
when he became an MR He was popular socially and an eloquent speaker in
Parliament.
Wilberforce's main aim following his conversion was to promote Christian values in
public and private life. In 1783 he heard first-hand accounts of the terrible conditions on
slave ships and Caribbean plantations, but it had not been until 1787 that he became
actively involved in a campaign to end the slave trade. Another Cambridge graduate,
Thomas Clarkson, was a huge influence on him. Clarkson and his fellow 'abolitionists'
were campaigning for an end to the slave trade - they thought it was unchristian, and
were horrified by the greed of the slave owners and traders. Clarkson brought
Wilberforce a copy of a book he had published calling for an end to slavery, and also
first-hand about the slave trade. Others, including the prime minister William Pitt, had
encouraged Wilberforce to act on his beliefs.
Wilberforce sensed a call from God, writing in a journal entry in 1787 that 'God
Almighty had set before me two great objects, the suppression of the Slave Trade and
the Reformation of Manners [morals]'.
For 18 years, Wilberforce had introduced anti-slavery motions in Parliament. He
was supported by a range of abolitionists who opposed slavery usually for religious
reasons. They raised public awareness of their cause with pamphlets, books, rallies and
petitions. The Slave Trade Act finally had became law on 25th March 1807, making it
illegal to carry men in British ships to be sold as slaves. Wilberforce's face streamed
with tears. It was however, not until 1833 that an act had been passed giving freedom
to all slaves in the British Empire. Wilberforce died the previous month.

F. Extension Activities
1.Find out about the Commonwealth.
-What is its connection with the British Empire?
The Commonwealth of nations, generally known simply as the Commonwealth, is a
political association of 54 member states, mostly former territories of the British Empire.
-How many countries are members ?
54 untries are members.
-What does it do?
The Commonwealth’s objectives first outlined in the 1971 Singapore Declaration, wich
commithed the Commonwealth to the institution of world peace;promotion of
reprezentative democracy and individual liberty;the pursuit of equality and opposition to
racism;the fight against poverty, ignorance and disease;and free trade .
-Who is its figurehead?
Elizabeth ll->Head
2.Find out about Rudyard Kipling and the ‚white man’s burden
-Which country did he want to ‘take up white man’s burden’?
The United States
-Which part of the world had it just colonized?
Philippine
-How did he view colonized people in the poem?
In this poem, Rudyard Kipling says that the white poeple have to send their best poeple
out to work hard for the sake of people who are not nearly as good as they, the white
man’s burden.
-Whitch famous Disney cartoon was based on a kipling story?
The Jungle Book .
3. The British Empire spread great benefits or good thing to the areas that were under its
influence. First, the British having been ahead in industrial evolution helped spread
technology to new places in the world.
The British further introduced their well developed judicial systems and law in these
colonies. Most of the British laws were adapted by their colonies or influences the
development of laws in these countries.
The evil aspects of the Empire .  Despite such numerous benefits, the British Empire also
had numerous negative effects that can be collectively referred to as the evils of the
empire.The acquisition of the colonies involved inhuman acts of imperialism. The British
colony companies always acquired the colonies through treaties that favored them or
made the others independent states become protectorates or colonies. In place where
these companies met resistance, military force was used to stamp authority over the
resilient indigenous communities (Chin, 2004). Many people were killed in these wars
while some were locked up in cells. Human rights were totally violated. 
The introduction of the western culture and industries had negative effects no the local
culture and domestic or cottage industries. The introduction of the western culture and
industries had negative effects no the local culture and domestic or cottage industries
In conclusion, the British Empire certainly had numerous impact the outlived its
existence. In deed as it was believed “the sun never sets” on the empire. It is effect live on
and continues to influence its former colonies.

6. Scotland
B.Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold.
-commemorates;-to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event,
especially by a public ceremony or by making a statue or special building .
-ethnic cleansing:-the organized, often violent attempt by a particular cultural or racial
group to completely remove from a country or area all members of a different group.
-Romantic-movement:-a change of position
-Entrespreneur:- someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves
seeing a new opportunity.
-deployed:-to use something or someone especially in an effective way.
-referendum:-a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their
opinion about or decide an important political or social question.

C.Check your facts.

1.True
2.b)
3.a)
4.
5.False
6.
7.False
8.a)

D.What do you think?

1.The unification act of 1707 was less popular than that of 1603, because then a lot of
pressure was applied and financial bribes were offered.
2.Scotland had many reasons to be grateful for the union with England at the time,
because with that struggle and after the unios was made, they were restored.
3.d)
4.False
5.d)
F.Fitba
1.a)oldest
b)most
c)best
d)first, popular
e)first
2.
1)Heard of Midlothian
2) Queen of the South
3)Motherwell
4)Inverress Caledonian Thistle
5)Hamilton Academicals
G.Extension activities.
1.Originally, ethnically and culturally the Scots and English were completely distinct with
different languages, art, customs and beliefs.Scotish people are a Celtic people, much like
our neighbours in the British Isles, the Irish, Welsh, Manx and Cornish.(The different
is:Language, religion, legal systems)
2.The writer is Robert Burns and he wrote the song in 1788.The people usually sing it on
New Years Eve.That song means "The following song, an old song, of the olden times,
and which has never been in print, nor even in manuscript until I took it down from an old
man."
3. Scottish national identity is a term referring to the sense of national identity, as
embodied in the shared and characteristic culture, languages and traditions of the
Scottish people. In the High Middle Ages the word "Scot" was only used by Scots to
describe themselves to foreigners, amongst whom it was the most common word.
They called themselves Albanach or simply Gaidel. Both "Scot" and Gaidel were ethnic
terms that connected them to the majority of the inhabitants of Ireland. The late Middle
Ages has often been seen as the era in which Scottish national identity was initially forged,
in opposition to English attempts to annexe the country, led by figures such as Robert the
Bruce and William Wallace and as a result of social and cultural changes. English
invasions and interference in Scotland have been judged to have created a sense of
national unity and a hatred towards England which dominated Scottish foreign policy well
into the 15th century, making it extremely difficult for Scottish kings like James III and
James IV to pursue policies of peace towards their southern neighbour.
Cultural icons in Scotland have changed over the centuries, e.g., the first national
instrument was the clàrsach or Celtic harp until it was replaced by the Great Highland
bagpipe in the 15th century. Symbols like tartan, the kilt and bagpipes are widely but not
universally liked by Scots; their establishment as symbols for the whole of Scotland,
especially in the Lowlands, dates back to the early 19th century. This was the age of
pseudo-pageantry: the visit of King George IV to Scotland organised by Sir Walter Scott.
Scott, very much a Unionist and Tory, was at the same time a great populariser of Scottish
mythology through his writings.
 7. Ireland - that cloud in the west
B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold
Bemused - is an adjective that describe a person mildly amused, especially in a detached
way
Half-cracked - means half demented, a person with mental problems, that are not very
serious
Ulster - Is a historical region and ancient kingdom of northern Ireland
Paramilitary - is a semi militarized force whose tactics, training and function are similar to
those of a professional, military, but is not formally part of a country’s armed forces

C. Check your facts

1. Fal
se
2. a)
3. He
claimed that the political right of catholics would be to go against the oath he had sworn
on becoming king in 1760, as defender of the faith (the Protestant faith)
4. b)
5. Qu
een Victoria call on Gladstone to form a government because he was the leader of the
largest political party in Parliament and for the fact that Anglo-Irish relations were
dominated by him
6. Fal
se
7. Fal
se
8. The
new significant enemy-armed Loyalist from Ulster- stopped the Irish getting Home Rule
in 1914
9. The
Troubles lasted 30 years (between 1960 and 1990)

D. What do you think?

1. The
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was nor truly a united kingdom because
Britain was always the dominant power in the relationship and in a trull united kingdom
both countries should have the same power, benefits and responsabilities
10. a)
11. d)
12. a)
13. b)

F. The political weather

1. a)
Rainbow coalition - an alliance of various parties
b) shower of - a large amount of money
c) weathervane - politician who has a frequent change of opinion
any puff of hot air - empty talk that is intended to impress ( but doesn’t have value)
d) the political wind is blowing - to anticipate how a certain course or situations is likely
to develop
 e) sunlit uplands - an idealized or longed-for future time of happiness, prosperity, good
fortune
f) the great political storm - to be able to continue doing something despite serious
problems
2.The president of Romania, Klaus Iohannis, is a great political storm in Parliament
In 2020 the government will invest 30 millions euros in the education system. That is a
shower of money.
Viorica Dancila is a weathervane in her party, PSD.

G. Extension activities
1. -He
was born in Britain
-17 march
-attending parades, wearing green, wearing shamrocks, attending ceilithe
-drinking irish beer and irish whiskey
2. -The Dubliners, 2003
-The song is about Athenry Fields, where once upon a time little birds flew and love
was on wings. Now the fields are surrounded by loneliness.
-No one knows exactly how or why it became so popular with sports fans. The theme
clearly strikes a chord in people s hearts and it is also a slow, ballad-making it ideal for
singing by large crowds of fans with no one to conduct or co-ordinate them.
3. -There are small cities which don’t have Irish Pub, like Lehliu-Gara, Slobozia, etc.
-The Irish pub globally is almost always the first part of call for Irish abroad looking for
a friendly face, but it also often acts as an auxiliary tourist office for Ireland
-It seems like Irish is a nice person, a devoted worker with a great sense of humor
4. Michael Collins (1996)
Michael Collins is a 1996 biographical period film written and directed by Neil Jordan and
starring Liam Neeson as Michael Collins, the Irish patriot and revolutionary who died in the
Irish Civil War. It won the Golden Lion at the Venice Film Festival.
The story shifts back to the closing years of Britain s rule over Ireland from its base in
Dublin Castle, when Irish Republicans fight for Irish independence against Britain and its
military and police forces. At the end of the Easter Rising in 1916, Collins, Harry Boland,
Eamon de Valera and other besieged Irish rebels at the Dublin GPO surrender to the
British Army(who are interpreted by Aidan Queen, respectively Alan Rickman).
I think that a movie is a great way to learn about history because in the 21st century
people are often bored. By reading book and rate of watching movies has increased.
Historical films present the truth with very small changes (usually related to the physical
appearance). People with memory prefer to learn from movies, documentaries because it
is the easiest method of retention and learning.

8. Immigration
B. Explain the meaning of the words and phrases in bold
Paradoxically- in a seemingly or self-contradictory way
Persecution - hostility and ill treatment, especially because of race or political or religious
beliefs
Refuge - the state of being safe or sheltered from pursuit, danger or difficulty
Interned- confine (someone) as a prisoner, especially for political or military reasons
Sought asylum - seek an institution for the maintenance and care of mentally ill, orphans,
or other persons requiring specialized assistance
Menial - not requiring much skill and lacking prestige

C. Check your facts!

1. d)
14. Tru
e
15. b)
16. Fal
se
17. Volt
aire was so impressed by British liberty because about 50 000 of French Protestants
sought asylum in Britain after Louis XIV made their religion illegal in 1685
18. a)
19. The
British Nationality Act of 1948 gave 800 millions people the right to live and work in UK
without a VISA
20. Fal
se
21. d)

D. What do you think?

1. a)
Romans, b) from Indian Subcontinent, c) poles
22. An
invader is a person who invades a territory with the intention of conquering it by force,
weapons and war, without having the right to take that space. An immigrant goes to
another country with the thought of working, of to be fair and honest, not to take
something that doesn’t belong to him.
23. Fre
edom, money, liberty and economic rights
24. Eno
ch Powell claimed that the racial mixing pf Britain would lead to bloodshed, but in fact,
Brixton has been largely peaceful since then and race relations in Britain have
improved. Mixed-race people became the fastest-growing ethnic group.
25. a)
French Protestants, b) Irish. I think that the group from the Indian Subcontinent comes
as both of these.

E. Immigrant words
1) yes
, I know the meaning of these words
2) Ch
uddies - b) Chinese
Chutzpah - j) Yiddish
Kushti - i) Romany
Craic - h) Irish
Pukka - f) Hindi
Pundit - g) Hindi
Bling-bling - c) Jamaican patois
Schlep - d) Yiddish
To kowtow - e) Chinese
Wok - a) Chinese
F. Extension activities
1. -is
an example of culinary fusion of its two main ingredients
-1860, UK
-Jewish immigrants from Holland
-In Australia and New Zealand, the words ^fish and chips^ are often as a shibboleth
highlight the difference in each country s short -i vowel sound.
2. -Brick Lane is a street in the East End of London, in the Borough of Tower Hamlets
-Today, it is the heart of the city s Bangladeshi, in the 19th century, Irish people and
Ashkenazi Jews immigrated to the area
-Brick Lane Jamme Masjid is a Muslim place of Worship in Central London and it has
been home to a succession of Christian Jewish, and Muslim communities
-Monica Ali, 2007
3. -Goodness Gracious Me is a British sketch comedy that explores the integration of
Indian and British cultures through a series of satires, musical and skits
-The show s title is a bhangra rearrangement of the comedy song of the same name
-They continually mispronounce the waiter s name
-I think that the TV series show us the Indian community s relationship with Britain was
very constructive in that period
4. In my opinion Britain is a good country for immigrants because United Kingdom gives
people the right to work with the advantage of a great salary. The education in United
Kingdom is highly developed especially at the level of high schools and colleges, which is
beneficial for immigrants who want to study.
Despite of the many benefits, immigration was always viewed as a double-edged sword.
After the Brexit the attitude of people toward immigrant has changed, as they are no longer
part of European Union to a certain extent disturbed by people coming to The Great United
Kingdom of Britain and Northern Ireland.
The culture of England is highly developed in terms of migration because over time they
have had many connections with groups of immigrants.
The weather is pleasant, it is often raining, very rare sunny days occur.