Union of Myanmar: Laguna State Polytechnic University Lopez, Quezon

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
Lopez, Quezon
UNION OF
MYANMAR
LESTER F. CURIOSO
PRINCESS STA. ANA
HISTORY
Myanmar's police forces have received little attention over the years, but they
have always played a critical role in the country's administration and national
security. Since the 1962 military coup, the national police force has been
overshadowed by the armed forces, but it has continued to evolve and grow. It is
now larger and more powerful than at any time in the country's history, and is
considered a key instrument of reform and control by the hybrid civilian-military
government which was inaugurated in Naypyidaw in March 2011.This article aims
to provide an introduction to this neglected subject.It sketches the historical
development of the police as an institution from the beginning of the colonial
period to the present day. It then outlines the current structure and organization of
the Myanmar Police Force (MPF). This is followed by a discussion of eight broad
themes that have characterized policing in Myanmar over the past 185
years.Finally, the article looks at some of the challenges facing the MPF and its
likely future under the new government.
VISION: “together we keep this region safe”.
MISION: “Preventing and combating
transnational crime through a greater nexus
and creative policingcollaboration.
MOTTO: “Loyalty, integrity and courage”
During the Reign of the Myanmar Monarchs, local police were
formed under the Mayors and Village Headmen; and they were also
the Military reserved personnel. The British policing system was
introduced in 1885, when the Union of Myanmar became a British
Colony. At that time, the Police Force was known as the Burma
Police. The Burma Police was reorganized as the People’s Police
Force in 1964, and was reorganized again to the present set-up as
the Myanmar Police Force on 1st October, 1995.
The Union of Myanmar has undergone many changes after 1988.
Likewise, the Myanmar Police Force has to Change the
Administration System to be in the line with the new Administration
System of the Country. The Committee for Reorganization of Police
Administration System which is presided by Secretary of the State
Peace and Development Council was formed in 28 January 1994.
Now the Committee is scrutinizing the whole system and making
necessary changes.
Objectives
The Myanmar Police Force has as its objectives:-
a. Community Peace and Tranquillity.
b. Prevalence of Law and Order.
c. Narcotic Drugs Suppression.
d. To Carry out Community Welfare Activities.
Functions
a. Prevention of Crime.
b. Detection and Proceeding of Crime.
c. Maintenance of Public Order.
d. Public Security.
e. Drug Enforcement.
Organizational set-up
The Director General of Myanmar Police Force holding the rank of
Police Major General is in command of the whole Police Force.
According to the present set-up the Myanmar Police Force has six
components. They are:
a. Headquarters.
b. State and Division Police Forces.
c. Special Departments.
d. Training Centres.
e. Reserved Units.
f. Police Battalions.
The Headquarters.
The Headquarters is headed by the Director General of Police. Under
his command, a Deputy Director General who holds the rank of
Police Brigadier General and second commander takes responsibility
for the proper command, control and monitor all the Departments of
the Myanmar Police Force. Also four other Police Brigadier Generals,
who are responsible for General Staff Department, Personnel
Department, Logistics Department and the Office of the
Commanding for Police Battalion respectively.
The State and Division Police Forces. There are 14 State and Divisional Police
Forces and three additional State Police Forces commanded by Police Colonels.
Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil Administration. The States
and Divisions and Additional States have the same status. The State and
Divisional Police Forces consist of four components. These are:
a. Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force.
b. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force.
c. Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force.
d. Police Stations.
The District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area,
population and development. Commanders of the A Class District Police Forces
are Police Lieutenant Colonels and B Classes are Police Majors. Commanders
of Township Police Forces are Police Captains and Police Station Officers are
Police Lieutenants.
The Department- There is four Departments, in which the first two Departments
are headed by the Police Brigadier
Criminal Investigation Department
It has been commanded by a Police Brigadier General and its functions are
mentioned below:-
a. Detection and investigation of serious crimes.
b. Assistance imparts to the respective police station in order to reveal clues
and evidences at the crime scene.
c. Examine on serious crime and opinion provision.
d. Keep records on convicted and search for former convictions.
Enhancement on capabilities of police members, the under mentioned trainings

are opened:-
a. Detective officer training course. 12 weeks.
b. Narcotic Drugs Investigation officer course. 6 weeks.
Special Branch
Director of Special Branch is a Police Brigadier General and its functions are as follows:-
a. Detection and revelation on information with activities of people and political leagues which
could ruin the security of state.
b. Detection and revelation of movement of religious societies, sagas, labours and students.
c. Detection and revelation of the movement of diplomats from embassies in Yangon, tourists
and aliens.
d. Scrutinize and issue passports to Myanmar citizens who are leaving abroad.
e. Carry out protection and security combining with counterpart agencies for chief and state
heads, state guests visiting Myanmar and chiefs of other nations.
f. Action has been taken upon those societies, people, sagas and foreigners in accordance with
the law, who make destructive impediments in order to obstruct stability of the state, community
peace and prevalence of law and order.
LAWS
(ATTRIBUTES)
 Myanmar operates de jure as a unitary assembly-independent
republic under its 2008 constitution. But in February 2021,
the civilian government led by Aung San Suu Kyi, was
deposed by the Tatmadaw. In February 2021, Myanmar
military declared a one-year state emergency and First Vice
President Myint Swe became the Acting President of
Myanmar and handed the power to the Commander-in-
Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing and he
assumed the role Chairman of the State Administration
Council. The President of Myanmar acts as the head of
state and the Chairman of the State Administration Council
acts as the de facto head of government.[169]
LAWS
(ATTRIBUTES)
 The constitution of Myanmar, its third since independence, was drafted by its
military rulers and published in September 2008. The country is governed
as a parliamentary system with a bicameral legislature (with an executive
president accountable to the legislature), with 25% of the legislators
appointed by the military and the rest elected in general elections.

 The legislature, called the Assembly of the Union, is bicameral and made up of
two houses: the 224-seat upper House of Nationalities and the 440-seat
lower House of Representatives. The upper house consists 168 members
who are directly elected and 56 who are appointed by the Burmese Armed
Forces. The lower house consists of 330 members who are directly elected
and 110 who are appointed by the armed forces.
LAWS
(ATTRIBUTES)
 Political culture
 The major political parties are the National League for
Democracy and the Union Solidarity and Development
Party.

 Myanmar's army-drafted constitution was approved in a
referendum in May 2008. The results, 92.4% of the 22
million voters with an official turnout of 99%, are
considered suspect by many international observers and
by the National League of Democracy with reports of
widespread fraud, ballot stuffing, and voter intimidation.
LAWS
(ATTRIBUTES)
 The elections of 2010 resulted in a victory for the military-backed
Union Solidarity and Development Party. Various foreign
observers questioned the fairness of the elections. One criticism
of the election was that only government-sanctioned political
parties were allowed to contest in it and the popular National
League for Democracy was declared illegal. However,
immediately following the elections, the government ended the
house arrest of the democracy advocate and leader of the
National League for Democracy, Aung San Suu Kyi, and her
ability to move freely around the country is considered an
important test of the military's movement toward more openness.
[174] After unexpected reforms in 2011, NLD senior leaders have
decided to register as a political party and to field candidates in
future by-elections.
LAWS
(ATTRIBUTES)
 Myanmar's political history is underlined by its struggle to establish
democratic structures amidst conflicting factions. This political
transition from a closely held military rule to a free democratic
system is widely believed to be determining the future of
Myanmar. The resounding victory of Aung San Suu Kyi's
National League for Democracy in the 2015 general election
raised hope for a successful culmination of this transition.

 Myanmar rates as a corrupt nation on the Corruption Perceptions
Index with a rank of 130th out of 180 countries worldwide, with
1st being least corrupt, as of 2019.


National Emblem of Myanmar
National Emblem of Myanmar

 The national emblem of Myanmar has a circular pattern consists of a
wheel with 14 teeth and map Mianmataij in a central location,
surrounded the circle by yellow rice ears. The wheel represents for
the industry; 14 teeth represent for 14 administrative divisions of
Myanmar; table diagram showing the shape of the Myanmar
border; yellow rice ears symbolize Myanmar that is a country with
rice agriculture. Both sides have two yellow holy lions guarding.

Meaning of Emblem
 Myanmar national religion is Buddhism. In Buddhism,

the holy lion is a symbol of goodness, even as the
incarnation of the god of protection, symbolically
protecting the country. On the central top of the
emblem is the five-pointed star, symbolizing the
protection of nation and defense of the homeland.
 Below the emblem is decorative yellow tripe with the
words “Republic of the Union of Myanmar” in the
Burmese language. National Emblem was prepared
in conjunction with the national flag in 1974 with
inscription in the bottom strip of the decorative
emblem is “The Socialist Republic of the Union of
Burma”. On May 5, 1989, it was renamed “Union of
Myanmar”. On November 22th, 2010, it was
changed to “Republic of the Union of Myanmar”.


RANKS
UNIFORMS
GUNS
GUNS
CARS
THANK YOU!

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LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

Enhancement on capabilities of police members, the under mentioned trainings

 Myanmar national religion is Buddhism. In Buddhism,

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