Survey Lab Report

Civil Engineering Department Politeknik
Kota Kinabalu
DCC20063 - Engineering Survey
Surveying- Levelling
Name Matric Number

James Michael Chu Herng Teck 07DKA20F1047
Harry Daniel Tibin 07DKA20F1026
Elaizer Daniel 07DKA20F1014
Brenda Lisa Bius 07DKA20F1002
Nur Hajaratul Hazwad Binti Basri 07DKA20F1030
Cassandra Deborah Francisco 07DKA20F1051
Title: Levelling
Objective/Aim: To determine the relative height or elevations of the different points in
the area under survey.
Theory: Levelling is to determine relative height or elevations of different points on the
earth surface. The elevation of a point has been defined as its vertical distance above and
below a given reference level surface and usually a mean sea level. The levelling work can
be carried out by using direct method and indirect method. The main equipment needed to
carry out levelling works is level and staffs. The elevation of the point is calculated using
height collimation method and rise and fall method. The final works of levelling is to
transform the numerical data into graphic from either in map or drawing.
Materials and apparatus

1. Level
2. Level staff
3. Measuring tape
4. Tripod stand
5. Staff bubble
Procedure
i. The position of the level is set up at the place that have been selected.
ii. The level staff is placed above the benchmark and act as back sight, BS.
iii. Put the staff bubble at the corner of the staff to ensure the staff is standing
90 degree vertically.
iv. Record and labelled the value of height on the staff that taken from the level
into the table.
v. Another staff is placed at the point that have been selected and act as
intermediate sight.
vi. Repeat the step 3 and 4 for point a, b and so on, until the first level of the
fore sight, FS.
vii. The last of the level staff stay stationary so that it can act as back sight for the
second level.
viii. The position of the level changed and placed on the different location and act
as second level, L2.
ix. Repeat the step3 to step 6 for the L2 and L3 until the work is completed.
x. Count and list down all the reduced level in the table using the Rise and fall
method and height of collimation method.
xi. Check all the value using arithmetical check to ensure the value were
corrected.
Tabulation data
Rise and Fall method
Back Intermediate Front Rise Fall First Correction Last Remark
sight sight sight reduced reduced
level level
0.38 100.0 BM
0.50 0.12 99.88 0.0107 99.869 A
0.94 0.61 0.11 99.77 0.0107 99.759 B
0.555 0.385 100.155 0.0213 100.134 C
0.555 0.68 0.125 100.03 0.0213 100.009 D
0.553 0.002 100.032 0.032 100.0 TBM
Arithmetical check:
Sum of back sight = 1.875
Sum of fore sight=1.843
∑ BS−¿ ¿FS = 0.032
Sum of rise =0.387
Sum of fall = 0.355
∑ RISE−FALL=0.032
Last reduced level – First reduced level= 0.032
0.032 =0.032=0.032
Correction
100.032-100=0.32
0.32/3=0.0107
Height of Collimation method

BS IS FS H.O.C Early R.L. Correction Last R.L. Remark
1.15 101.15 100.0 BM
0.915 100.235 0.024 100.259 A
0.675 100.475 0.024 100.499 B
0.106 101.044 0.024 101.068 C
0.100 101.05 0.024 101.074 D
0.85 100.3 0.024 100.324 E
0.113 101.037 0.024 101.061 F
1.203 99.947 0.024 99.971 G
0.885 100.265 0.024 100.289 H
1.225 99.925 0.024 99.949 I
0.373 100.777 0.024 100.801 J
0.925 100.225 0.024 100.249 K
1.581 0.71 102.021 100.44 0.024 100.464 L
1.57 100.451 0.048 100.499 M
0.874 101.147 0.048 101.195 N
0.74 101.281 0.048 101.329 O
1.164 100.857 0.048 100.905 P
0.201 101.82 0.048 101.868 Q
1.596 100.425 0.048 100.473 R
1.69 100.331 0.048 100.379 S
1.52 100.051 0.048 100.549 T
1.818 100.203 0.048 100.251 U
2.03 99.991 0.048 100.039 V
2.13 99.891 0.048 99.939 W
2.069 99.952 0.048 100.0 TBM
Arithmetical check:
∑ FS−BS=First R . L .−Last R . L .
∑ FS−BS=¿ 2.779−¿ ¿2.731 =0.048
∑ First R . L .− Last R . L .=100−99.952 = 0.048
Correction:
99.952-100=-0.048
-0.048/2=0.024
Discussion
The benchmark is fixed at a reduced level of 100m. the reading of back sight (BS) and fore
sight (FS) must be collected and record down. The level will be shifted to another point by
following the point we choose. After taking all the intermediate sight, we will get back to the
beginning which is benchmark point.
The reduced level is being calculated through two method, which is Rise and fall Method
and Height of Collimation Method. To be more accurate, we must use two method to get
more accurate result. The final reduced level is to make sure that the value is equal or close
to first reduced level.
In this report, the data w collected the last reduced level is slightly more than the first
reduced level. Therefore, we know that there is some misclosure error during our levelling
fieldwork process. The error can be caused by setting up the instruments or the bubble level
is not inside the black circle. After we found the error, we can use correction per set up to
calculate the amount of correction that needed to correct the reduced level.
Lastly, we used the first reduced level to subtract the adjustment amount to get our last
reduced level.
Conclusion
In conclusion, we had a great experienced in hands during our fieldwork in levelling. We had
great experience to measure the height or elevation using levelling equipment during the
fieldwork.
We able to calculate by using rise and fall method or height of collimation method. After the
value is collected through data in the table, we found that we have error of the height.

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Civil Engineering Department Politeknik

DCC20063 - Engineering Survey

Name Matric Number

Materials and apparatus

Height of Collimation method

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