Tonog Vs CA

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XVI.

TONOG VS. COURT OF APPEALS

FACTS:

In the case of Tonog vs CA, Dinah gave birth to Gardin Faith Belarde Tonog, her
illegitimate child with Edgar V. Daguimol. The two cohabited for a time and lived with
Edgar's parents and sister.
A year after Dinah left for US where she found work as a registered nurse. Gardin was
left in the care of her father and grandparents.
Edgar later filed a petition for guardianship over Gardin and the trial court granted the
petition and appointed Edgar as the legal guardian.
Dinah filed a petition for relief from judgement and the court set aside the original
judgement and allowed Dinah to file her opposition to Edgar's petition. Edgar filed a
motion for reconsideration but it was denied and the court issued a resolution granting
Dinah's motion for custody over Gardin.
Edgar filed a petition for certiorari before the CA who modified their previous decision
and granted Edgar custody over Gardin.
Dinah contends that she is entitled to the custody of the minor, Gardin Faith, as a matter
of law. As the mother of Gardin Faith, the law confers parental authority upon her as
the mother of the illegitimate minor.

ISSUE:

Whether or not the temporary custody of the child should be given to the mother, Dinah B. Tonog

HELD:

No The petioner cannot invoke article 213 and article 176 of the family code which provides
that an illegitimate child should not be separated from her mother and the tender age doctrine
under article 363 of the civil code and 213 of the family code because A mother may be
deprived of the custody of her child who is below seven years of age for “compelling
reasons.” Instances of unsuitability are neglect, abandonment, unemployment and
immorality, habitual drunkenness, drug addiction, maltreatment of the child, insanity,
and affliction with a communicable illness. If older than seven years of age, a child is
allowed to state his preference, but the court is not bound by that choice. The court may
exercise its discretion by disregarding the child’s preference should the parent chosen
be found to be unfit, in which instance, custody may be given to the other parent, or
even to a third person.
In this case SC found that the appellate court did not err in allowing her father to retain
temporarily parental custody over her under article 220 which provides the care of an
unemancipated child to take care of her since the mother left to work abroad as a nurse.

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