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    The Basics of Ekg: Presented by

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    Roi
    The document provides an overview of EKGs, including their history, modern uses, how heart electricity is measured, normal EKG components and waves, common rhythms like normal sinus rhythm, and basic EKG interpretation rules. EKGs are essential for diagnosing cardiac issues and managing heart rhythm. The invention of the EKG in the late 19th century by Einthoven helped advance the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.

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    The Basics of Ekg: Presented by

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    Roi
    64 views31 pages
    The document provides an overview of EKGs, including their history, modern uses, how heart electricity is measured, normal EKG components and waves, common rhythms like normal sinus rhythm, and basic EKG interpretation rules. EKGs are essential for diagnosing cardiac issues and managing heart rhythm. The invention of the EKG in the late 19th century by Einthoven helped advance the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.

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    The document provides an overview of EKGs, including their history, modern uses, how heart electricity is measured, normal EKG components and waves, common rhythms like normal sinus rhythm, and basic EKG interpretation rules. EKGs are essential for diagnosing cardiac issues and managing heart rhythm. The invention of the EKG in the late 19th century by Einthoven helped advance the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    64 views31 pages

    The Basics of Ekg: Presented by

    Uploaded by

    Roi
    The document provides an overview of EKGs, including their history, modern uses, how heart electricity is measured, normal EKG components and waves, common rhythms like normal sinus rhythm, and basic EKG interpretation rules. EKGs are essential for diagnosing cardiac issues and managing heart rhythm. The invention of the EKG in the late 19th century by Einthoven helped advance the understanding and diagnosis of heart conditions.

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    of 31

    THE BASICS OF EKG

    PRESENTED BY:
    Raghwender Singh (D- 754)
    INRODUCTION
     ECG or EKG

     ECG is essential for diagnosis

     Essential in management of cardiac rhythm

     Helps in diagnosis of chest pain

     Proper use of thrombolysis in treatment of MI depend


    upon it
    HISTORY

     1842- Italian scientist Carlo Matteucci realizes that


    electricity is associated with the heart beat

     1872- French scientist Gabriel Lippmann , invented the


    capillary electrometer which can measure electricity by
    utilizing mercury

     1876- Irish scientist Marey analyzes the electric pattern of


    frog’s heart
    CONTD…

     1895 - William Einthoven , credited for the invention of


    EKG

     1906 - using the string electrometer EKG,


    William Einthoven diagnoses some heart problems

     1924 - the noble prize for physiology or medicine is given to


    William Einthoven for his work on EKG
    MODERN ECG INSTRUMENT
    ELECTRICITY OF HEART

     Contraction of any muscle is associated with electrical


    charges called depolarization

     These changes can be detected by electrodes attached to


    the surface of the body

     Although the heart has 4 chambers, from the electrical


    point it is having only 2
    THE WIRING DIAGRAM OF THE
    HEART

    • SA

    • AV node

    • Bundle of His

    • Bundle branches (left and right)


    THE SHAPE OF ECG

    • Contraction of atria - P wave

     Ventricular depolarization - QRS complex

     Ventricular repolarization - T wave


    NORMAL ECG
    ECG INTERPRETATION
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF LARGE
    SQUARES COVERED BY R-R INTERVAL AND THE
    HEART RATE

    R-R INTERVAL(large squares) HEART RATE (beats/min)

    1 300

    2 150

    3 100

    4 75

    5 60

    6 50
    ECG RHYTHM
    NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
    Looking at the ECG you'll see that:-

    • RHYTHM - Regular
    • RATE - (60-100 bpm)
    • QRS DURATION - Normal
    • P WAVE - Visible before each QRS complex
    • P-R INTERVAL - Normal (<5 small Squares. Anything
    above and this would be 1st degree
    block)

    • Indicates that the electrical signal is generated by the sinus


    node and travelling in a normal fashion in the heart.
    NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
    SINUS BRADYCARDIA
    Looking at the ECG you'll see that:-

    • RHYTHM - Regular
    • RATE - Less than 60 beats per minute
    • QRS DURATION - Normal
    • P WAVE - Visible before each QRS
    complex
    • P-R INTERVAL - Normal

    • Usually benign and often caused by patients on beta


    blockers
    SINUS BRADYCARDIA
    SINUS TACHYCARDIA
    Looking at the ECG you'll see that:-

    • RHYTHM - Regular
    • RATE - More than 100 beats per minute
    • QRS DURATION - Normal
    • P WAVE - Visible before each QRS complex
    • P-R INTERVAL - Normal

    • The impulse generating the heart beats are normal, but they
    are occurring at a faster pace than normal. Seen during
    exercise
    SINUS TACHYCARDIA
    ECG RULES
     If you follow Professor Chamberlains 10 rules they'll
    give you an understanding of what is normal:-
    RULE 1

    PR interval should be 120 to 200


    milliseconds or 3 to 5 little squares
    RULE 2

    The width of the QRS complex should not exceed


    110 ms, less than 3 little squares
    RULE 3

    The QRS complex should be dominantly upright in leads I and


    II
    RULE 4

    QRS and T waves tend to have the same general direction in


    the limb leads
    RULE 5

    All waves are negative in lead aVR


    RULE 6

    The R wave must grow from V1 to at least V4


    The S wave must grow from V1 to at least V3
    and disappear in V6
    RULE 7

    The ST segment should start isoelectric except in V1 and V2


    where it may be elevated
    RULE 8

    The P waves should be upright in I, II, and V2 to V6


    RULE 9

    There should be no Q wave or only a small q less than 0.04


    seconds in width in I, II, V2 to V6
    RULE 10

    The T wave must be upright in I, II, V2 to V6


    REFERENCES:-
     The EKG made easy-John R. Hampton
     www.ambulancetechnicianstudy.co.uk
     www.learntheheart.com

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