Chapter-1: 1.1 Brief History of Product

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Sebacic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)(CH2)8(COOH).
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum (tallow) is Latin for tallow, and

refers to its use in the manufacture of candles. In its pure state it is a white flake
or powdered crystal. The product is described as non-hazardous, though in its
powdered form can be prone to flash ignition.
Sebacic acid is a derivative of castor oil, with the vast majority of world
production occurring in China which annually exports over 20,000 metric
tonnes, representing over 90% of global trade of the product.
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PRODUCT:

The production of Sebacic Acid was reported in the early 1940s. The
invention relates to the production of sebacic acid and its salts from substances
containing ricinoleic acid found in castor oil. More particularly, it concerns
alkaline pyrolysis of castor oil and its acids to obtain sebacate salts and sebacic
acid. The castor oil was saponified by treatment with a caustic alkali such as
sodium hydroxide, yielding sodium salts or soaps of these acids and glycerine.
Acidification of this turned soaps into constituent acids and permit removal of
the liberated glycerine.
Several attempts have been undertaken to prove the above process. In one
modification, the reaction is effected in a fluid, aqueous medium under super
atmospheric pressure. Certain of the above-mentioned difficulties are partially
avoided due to the improved heat transfer obtained in the aqueous medium and
improved yields are obtained. However, hydrogen and other by-products are
generated in the reaction, a dangerously high pressure develops unless the
system is vented, the resulting product is usually very difficult to purify, and
added problems of apparatus and collection arise. The path of heat in this
process is from an external source to reaction chamber walls and then to
reaction mass. It is among the objects of this invention to overcome these
disadvantages and to provide relatively simple, and more straight forward
process for producing sebacic acid and sebacates.
Sebacic acid is important as an intermediate in the manufacture of various
plastics and plastizers. Its properties are such that it is especially well-suited to
the preparation of certain polyamides and esters. It is octamethylene
dicarboxylic acid having structure (HOOC)(CH2)8(COOH).
1.2 PROPERTIES OF SEBACIC ACID:

 PRODUCT NAME : Sebacic Acid
 SYNONYMS : 1,10-Decanedioic acid , 1,8-Octanedicarboxylic acid,
Decanedioic acid
 FORMULA: C10H18O4
 MOLECULAR WEIGHT : 202.25
 APPEARANCE: White granular powder
 SOLUBILITY IN WATER: 0.25g/L
 MELTING POINT : 127-131 oC
 BOILING POINT : 374 oC
 DENSITY : 1.204g/cm3
 HEAT OF VAPORIZATION : 68.3 kJ/mol
 REFRACTIVE INDEX : 1.42 (133.3 0C)
 STABILITY : Stable
 TOXICOLOGY: Irritant. May be harmful if ingested in quantity.
1.3 USES OF SEBACIC ACID:
APPLICATION SECTOR NAME OF APPLICATION
1) Nylon Nylon 9,1010,610,910 &

flexible nylon
2) Plastizers Dimethyl sebacate, Dioctyl sebacate,

Dibutyl sebacate, Diisopropyl sebacate
3) Lubricant Heat resistance lubricant oil, epoxy

solidified agent, sebacic anhydride,
synthetic lubricating grease
4) Miscellaneous Perfumery , Pharmaceuticals, paints,

candles etc.
1.4 MAJOR PRODUCERS OF SEBACIC ACID IN

INDIA:
Sebacic acid is available in the pack of 25kg, 50kg and 100kg in the
market. More than 80 % of the total manufacturing of sebacic acid in world is
done in China alone. The major manufacturers of sebacic acid in India along
with their location are in the table stated below:
MAJOR PRODUCERS LOCATION IN INDIA

1) Alpha chemika Mumbai
2) Biotor Industries Ltd. Mumbai
3) Jayant Agro-Organics Ltd. Vadodara
4) Adani Wilmar Ltd. Ahmedabad
5) Sebacic India Ltd. Vadodara
1.5 INDIAN SCENARIO:
The main raw material required for the production of Sebacic acid
is Castor Oil. This oil is obtained from the seed of plant by extraction.
Castor oil is viscous, pale yellow, non volatile and non-drying oil.
India is the world’s largest exported of castor oil, other major
producers are China and Brazil. Production volumes of castor oil by
major producers in world are in the table listed below:
Major Year 1990 Year 1995 Year 1999 Year 2004 Year 2009
Producers
(in Tons)
India 192,000 239,000 321,000 564,000 796,000
China 77,000 93,000 117,000 184,000 285,000
Brazil 76,000 54,000 28,000 52,000 68,000
Thailand 18,000 19,000 16,000 11,000 9,500
Castor is cultivated around the world because of the commercial

importance of its oil. India is the world's largest producer of castor seed
and meets most of the global demand for castor oil. India contributes
750,000 tonnes annually, and accounting for over 60% of the entire
global production.
Because of its unlimited industrial applications, castor oil enjoys
tremendous demand world-wide, estimated at about 220,000 tonnes per
annum. The current consumption of Castor Oil and its derivatives in the
domestic market is estimated at about 100,000 tonnes.
India is also the biggest exporter of castor oil holding about 70%
share of the international trade in this commodity.
The major castor oil markets in India are -
 Gujarat
o Rajkot
o Ahmedabad
o Gondal
o Gadwal
o Bhabar
 Andhra Pradesh
o Jedcherla
o Yemignoor
Global Demand of Sebacic acid in the end of 2009 was 140,000 MT.
The major producer of sebacic acid in India is Sebacic India Ltd. having
plant capacity of 10,000 MTA. Jayant Agro-Organics Ltd. have capacity
of producing 10 MTD that is equal to 3650 MTA of Sebacic Acid. This
method of preparation of sebacic acid is used due to its reasonably low
cost and large availability of castor oil.

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CHAPTER-1

Sebacic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)(CH2)8(COOH).

Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum (tallow) is Latin for tallow, and

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF PRODUCT:

1.2 PROPERTIES OF SEBACIC ACID:

1) Nylon Nylon 9,1010,610,910 &

2) Plastizers Dimethyl sebacate, Dioctyl sebacate,

3) Lubricant Heat resistance lubricant oil, epoxy

4) Miscellaneous Perfumery , Pharmaceuticals, paints,

1.4 MAJOR PRODUCERS OF SEBACIC ACID IN

MAJOR PRODUCERS LOCATION IN INDIA

Castor is cultivated around the world because of the commercial

The major castor oil markets in India are -

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