Factors Affectig Suicidal Ideations Among Teenagers

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CHAPTER 1
THE BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTINGS
RATIONALE
Life is the most beautiful gift that is given to us by God. It is something that
cannot be bought or exchanged with someone else’s. There are people who
crave for a longer life. However, there are also people who wants to end theirs.
Life may be hard at times, but, we must not end it. It’s too precious to waste.
There are many important things that we are yet to finish and experience. There
are many challenges that are waiting for us to make us stronger, better and
wiser.
However, we cannot also judge or blame those who choose to end their lives
or attempted to. We have never been in their shoes and we don’t know how
hard it was for them. Each and every person have different threshold for pain
and all our sufferings are valid no matter how deep or shallow the reason may
be.
We must always be open-minded and be sensitive towards other people’s
feelings and situation. Suicide is not something that we should take lightly or not
give much attention to. It is something that has been going on for hundreds and
even thousands of years.
As indicated by Wikipedia, Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's
own death. Some suicides are impulsive acts due to stress (such as from
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financial or academic difficulties), relationship problems (such as breakups or
deaths of close ones), or harassment/bullying. Those who have previously
attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts.
Although suicide is relatively rare among children, the rate of suicides and
suicide attempts increases greatly during adolescence. Suicide is the third-
leading cause of death for 15- to 24-year-olds, according to the Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, after accidents and homicide. It's also thought
that many more attempts are made for every completed teen suicide.
The researchers observed that the topic was a timely and relevant issue,
especially with everything that’s going on in the world today. Life as a student
and as a person has been very challenging because of the pandemic. Education
system has been altered in order for it to fit the new normal that the government
has set. Learning has become more challenging especially to those students who
are intellectually and academically challenged. Due to these, more and more
students are resorting to suicide and ending their life.
This study seeks to investigate the factors affecting the suicidal ideations
among teenagers. This study aims to help the students to express their
perspective regarding suicide. This study also intend to raise awareness about
the importance of mental health.
Statement of the Problem

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This study aims to investigate and discover the factors affecting the suicidal
ideations among teenager students of Carmen National High School.
Specifically it will answer the following questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Gender
b. Age
c. Religion
d. Parents living arrangement
e. Financial status
f. Sexuality
g. Civil Status
2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among teenagers in terms
of:
2.1 Depression
2.2 Academic Challenges
2.3 Financial Status
2.4 Bullying
2.5 Emotional Problems
2.6 Drug Abuse
2.7 Family Problems
3. Based on the results, what is the proposed output?

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Theoretical Background
According to verywellmind.com, psychoanalytic theory was an enormously
influential force during the first half of the twentieth century. Those inspired and
influenced by Freud went on to expand upon Freud's ideas and develop theories
of their own. Of these neo-Freudians, Erik Erikson's ideas have become perhaps
the most known.
The eight-stage psychosocial development theory by Erikson describes
growth and change throughout life, focusing on social interaction and conflicts
that arise during different stages of development.
Psychosocial theory does not focus on the obvious physical changes that
occur as children grow up, but rather on the socioemotional factors that
influence an individual's psychological growth. At each point in development,
people cope with a psychosocial crisis.
In relevance to the study, Psychosocial Development theory was used to
describe the behavior of the students during their teen years. Specifically, the
fourth stage of the theory which is “Industry vs Inferiority” is the main focus of
this study.
Industry vs. Inferiority is the stage in which children enter into the greater
society beyond the family for the first time. It is where they develop and build
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their mentality. Most often, this is also where teenagers start to develop conflicts
that affects their mental health, academic performance, and their social life.
Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
THEORY
Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson (1968)
INPUT
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Gender e. Financial status
b. Age f. Sexuality
c. Religion g. Civil Status
2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among
teenagers in terms of:
2.1 Depression 2.7 Family Problems
2.4 Bullying
2.6 Drug Abuse
PROCESS
The data are obtained through:
▶ Producing and distributing the Survey Questionnaires
▶ Tabulating the Data
▶ Analyzing the data through its statistical treatment
▶ Interpreting the data
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OUTPUT
A proposed seminar for the dissemination of information about

the importance of mental health awareness
Significance of the Study
This study can be a learning example to the senior high school student of
Carmen National High School to raise their awareness about suicide and
importance mental health. The study’s goal was designed to describe the
perspective of the Grade 12 students about suicide and suicide attempts. The
following are the benefits of the study:
Respondents. The students will be able to learn about the importance of
mental health and help them know what they should do to strengthen their
mental and emotional health.
School Administration. This study can be used by school administrators to
provide further information about the importance of mental health and they will
be able to understand the perspectives of the students and design a program
that will help the students strengthen their mental health.
Parents. This study will benefit the parents because they will be able to
understand their children more and they will know what to do in order to help
their children who are suffering from stress, depression, or academic challenges.
Researchers. This study gives knowledge to researchers about the factors
affecting the suicidal ideations among teenagers and help them as a student.
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Future Researchers. This study functions as a guide and source of information
to the future researchers. This will help them complete their study easier and
faster.
Definition of Terms
In order to make the reader understand the study, the following terms are
operationally defined by the researchers.
Suicidal Ideations. In this study, it is the variable being studied. It is the
variable that give teenagers ideas to attempt suicide .
Mental Health. In this study, it is one of the factors that might affect
the suicidal ideation among teenagers. It is a person’s condition with regard to
their psychological and emotional well-being.
Psychosocial Development Theory. In this study, this theory is used
to explain how suicidal ideation among teenagers is developed and describe the
behavior of the students during their teen years.
Bullying. In this study, it is one of the factors that might affect the
suicidal ideation among teenagers. The behavior of a person who hurts or
frightens someone smaller or less powerful.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
Review of Related Literature
Suicide is the act of taking one’s own life. According research, suicide is the
10th leading cause of death in the World. Suicidal behavior refers to talking
about or taking actions related to ending one’s own life. Suicidal thoughts and
behaviors should be considered a psychiatric emergency (Kahn, 2019).
(According to Wikipedia, approximately 1.5% of people die by suicide. In a
given year this is roughly 12 per 100,000 people. Rates of completed suicides are
generally higher among men than among women, ranging from 1.5 times as
much in the developing world to 3.5 times in the developed world. Suicide is
generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain
countries, those aged between 15 and 30 are at the highest risk. Pangeta mug
data for Phils.)
Nomenclature for Suicide
There are lot of types or names for each kind of suicide. Attempted suicide
or non-fatal suicidal behavior, as stated by Krug (2002), is self-injury with at
least some desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Suicide
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attempts can result in serious and permanent injuries and/or disabilities. People
who attempt either hanging or charcoal grill carbon monoxide poisoning and
survive can face permanent brain damage due to cerebral anoxia. People who
take a drug overdose and survive can face severe organ damage (e.g., liver
failure). Individuals who jump from a bridge and survive may face irreversible
damage to multiple organs, as well as the spine and brain (Stone, 2001).
Assisted suicide is when one individual helps another bring about their own
death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. In Europe,
assisted suicide is understood to be when another person, usually a physician,
provides the means of killing oneself. It is often used to describe the condition
when someone gives details on how to end one’s life. Individuals then use them
to bring an end to their life (Gullotta & Bloom, 2002).
Suicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active
efforts to do so. The term “suicidal ideation” is often used in the technical
literature, and refers to thoughts of killing oneself, in varying degrees of intensity
and elaboration. In the literature, the term also refers to a feeling of being tired
of life, a belief that life is not worth living, and a desire not to wake from sleep.
Although these different feelings — or ideations— express different degrees of
severity, there is not necessarily a continuum between them (Krug, 2002).
As eloquently stated by David Lester (2009), a murder-suicide (or homicide-
suicide) is where the individual aims at taking the life of others at the same time.
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A special case of this is extended suicide, where the murder is motivated by
seeing the murdered persons as an extension of their self. A murder–suicide is
an act in which an individual kills one or more people before (or while) killing
themselves.
Suicide in which the reason is that the person feels that they are not part of
society is known as egoistic suicide. Egoistic suicide results from poor integration
into society, as a result of the way a individual behaves, for example by virtue of
mental illness. It is committed by individuals who are social outcast and see
themselves as being alone or an outsider. These individuals are unable to find
their own place in society and have problems adjusting to groups (Stein &
Wilkinson, 2007).
Risk Factors
There are a lot of factors that can trigger people to commit or attempt
suicide. Mental issues, drug abuses, psychological states, cultural, family and
social situations, genetics, trauma or failure experiences and nihilism (expressing
some form of rejection towards life or towards fundamental concepts such as
knowledge, existence, and the meaning of life) are factors that influence the risk
of suicide. Factors such as mental challenges and drug abuse problems often
coexists. Further risk factors include past suicide attempts, ready access to a
means of taking one’s life, family history of suicide or traumatic brain damage.
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Mental health disorder is a problem that is being battled by many people
around the world. It has been burdening people for a very long time. Some are
fortunate enough to overcome it, however, some were not strong enough to
fight it and ended up taking their life. Individuals suffering from depression,
anxiety, and post traumatic stress disorder are the ones who are at risk of
committing suicide due to mental illness.
According to Wikipedia, the second most common risk factor for suicide
following mental health disorder is drug abuse. It is associated with both chronic
drug abuse and acute toxicity. In combination with personal distress, for instance
neglect, the risk increases further. Most people are under the influence of
sedative-hypnotic drugs (such as alcohol or benzodiazepines) when they die by
suicide, with alcoholism present in between 15% and 61% of cases.
Aside from the above mentioned factors, the media, including the internet,
also plays an important role. Social media is the most used platform where
people communicate with each other from all over the world. It is also where
people share even the most personal aspects of their life. However, due to the
vast number of its users, it is inevitable that people will abuse it. Cyberbullying
arises due to social media misuse and it also triggers people to attempt suicide.
Dealing with a suicidal
As stated by Helpguide.org, most suicidal individuals give warning signs or
signals of their intentions. The best way to prevent suicide is to recognize these
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warning signs and know how to respond if you spot them. If you believe that a
friend or family member is suicidal, you can play a role in suicide prevention by
pointing out the alternatives, showing that you care, and getting a doctor or
psychologist involved.
Major warning signs for suicide include talking about killing or harming
oneself, talking or writing a lot about death or dying, and seeking out things that
could be used in a suicide attempt, such as weapons and drugs. A more subtle,
but equally dangerous, warning sign of suicide is hopelessness. Studies have
found that hopelessness is a strong predictor of suicide. People who feel
hopeless may talk about “unbearable” feelings, predict a bleak future, and state
that they have nothing to look forward to.
Talking to a friend or family member about their suicidal thoughts and
feelings can be extremely difficult for anyone. But if you’re unsure whether
someone is suicidal, the best way to find out is to ask. You can’t make a person
suicidal by showing that you care. In fact, giving a suicidal person the
opportunity to express their feelings can provide relief from loneliness and pent-
up negative feelings, and may prevent a suicide attempt (Helpguide.org, 2020).
People who attempted to commit suicide are often mentally or emotionally
challenged. The best thing to do when when dealing with someone suicidal is to
sensitive and open-minded. Always be ready to listen. People don’t always need
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advice, sometimes they just need to be heard, to be understood, and not be
judged.
Review of Related Studies
Suicide is a desperate attempt to avoid misery. A suicidal person blinded by
self-pity, despair and loneliness cannot see any way to get a relief except by
suicide. But while they are willing to stop the suffering, the majority of suicidals
are profoundly conflicted to end their life.
A study by Arria, Caldeira, O’Grady, et al (2010) entitled “Suicide ideation
among college students: A multivariate analysis” stated that suicide is the third
leading cause of death among 15-to-24 year olds (Anderson & Smith, 2005) and
the second leading cause of death among college students. Results of the study
showed that An estimated 6% of first-year students at their university had
current suicide ideation. Depressive symptoms, low social support, affective
dysregulation, and father-child conflict were each independently associated with
suicide ideation. Only 40% of individuals with suicide ideation were classified as
depressed according to standard criteria. The study reveals that among all the
leading risk factors of suicide among students, mental health disorder like
depression, along with social and family conflict are the main reasons for suicide
ideation.
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In Islam, Potenza, Tansim, et al’s (2020) study, they concluded that over
one in eight university students reported suicidal ideation during the COVID-19
pandemic. The findings provide important baseline information on suicidal
ideation among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Students’ mental health concerns, especially depression, were strongly correlated
with suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective strategies are
needed to support the mental health of students. This study shows that the
mental health of students were greatly affected by the pandemic, thus, giving
them ideas on suicide.
A study conducted by Guille, Peluso, Ramos, et al (2016) aims to estimate
the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in
medical students. In this systematic review, the summary estimate of the
prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was
27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. However, further research is
needed to identify strategies for preventing and treating these disorders in this
population.
Cusimano and Sameem’s (2011) study entitled “The effectiveness of middle
and high school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a
systematic review” which aims to assess the effectiveness of middle and high
school-based suicide prevention curricula revealed that statistically significant
improvements were noted in knowledge, attitude, and help-seeking behaviour. A

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decrease in self reported ideation was reported in two studies. None reported on
suicide rates.
In conclusion, among all the leading risk factors of suicide, mental health
challenges, specifically depression, is the most prominent reason or cause of
suicide among teenagers and students. Other factors include social and family
conflict, stress and anxiety brought by the pandemic, and academic challenges.
Programs such as raising awareness on the importance of mental health, mental
health strengthening activities, and other programs that helps students forget
about their misery can gretly help prevent suicidal ideation among teenagers.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The purpose of this chapter is to explain in detail the research methods and
the methodology implemented for this study. This chapter will explain first of all
the research design and technique being used, then the place where the study
will be conducted, the respondents, as well as the processes and how the
research instrument was used with the data or information collected.
Research Design
This study will be conducted according to the design of the quantitative
descriptive method. Researchers express and evaluate the views and perspective
of Senior High School students of Carmen National High School about the
factors affecting the suicidal ideation among teenagers.
Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the
characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This
methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject rather than the
“why” of the research subject. In other words, descriptive research primarily
focuses on describing the nature of a demographic segment, without focusing on
“why” a certain phenomenon occurs. In other words, it “describes” the subject of
the research, without covering “why” it happens.

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Research Respondents
This study focused on the Grade 12 Students in Carmen National High School
from S.Y. 2020-2021. The total population of the Grade 12 students of Carmen
National High School is 787 but only 120 students was given the chance to
participate in this study. The participants were selected through simple random
sampling technique. In this type of sampling, the participants were selected by
chance, but with a known probability of selection. After using the simple random
sampling technique, the researcher then used the stratified random sampling
technique to get the number of respondents in each class room. Then the
researcher uses the fish bowl method to select the respondents in each
classroom. The respondents of this study was the Grade 12 students of Carmen
National High School. To get the number of the students that will be the
respondents of the study, the researchers used the Slovin`s formula to calculate
the sample size given the population size and a margin of error. After getting the
sample size from the whole number population, it will be divided by the number
of sections of the Grades 12 of the school.
Slovin’s Formula :
n= N
1 + Ne²
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Where N = Total number of Senior High School Students
E = margin of error (0.0840)²
n = sample size
Computation:
n= N__
1 + Ne²
n= 787___
1 + 787(0.0840)²
n= 787____
1 + 787(0.007056)
n= 787___
1 + 5.553072
n= 787___
6.553072
n= 120.096345652848 (120)
120 students
Computation for the sample per class:
Sample per class= (x/N)n
Where:
x= number of students in class
N= total population
n= sample size 266 students

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Computation for the sample per class:
Sample per class= (x/N)n
Where:
x= number of students in class
N= total population
n= sample size
Grade Section Class Population Sample

12 STEM A 53 8
12 STEM B 53 8
12 SMAW A 53 8
12 SMAW B 53 8
12 AUTOMOTIVE A 53 8
12 AUTOMOTIVE B 53 8
12 ICT A 53 8
12 ICT B 53 8
12 H.E. A 53 8
12 H.E. B 45 8
12 HUMMS A 53 8
12 HUMMS B 53 8
12 HUMMS C 53 8
12 HUMMS D 53 8
12 HUMMS E 53 8
Total 787 120
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Research Environment
This study will be conducted at Carmen National High School located in
Cogon West, Carmen, Cebu. The chosen environment was the specific and exact
environment for the researchers to collect data from the Senior High School
students about their perspective regarding the factors affecting the suicidal
ideation among teenagers. The researchers choose to conduct the study in
Carmen National High School because it is accessible and convenient for the
researchers.
Research Instrument
The researchers used a modified questionnaire in making their surveys
questions. It came from a published research material entitled “Factors Affecting
the Agreeableness of the SHS Students of Colegio de San Antonio de Padua on
the Planned Re-implementation of Mandatory Reserve Officers Training Corps
(ROTC) : A Proposed Symposium” by Jean Kimberly A. Lato, Steven M. Dorog,
France Laurence Puebla, Zaldin Entienza, and Gil John Anasco. It is modified or
changed to best fit the need of the researcher. The researchers conducted a
survey and use a questionnaire based on the Grade 12 students of Carmen
National High School on their impression on the factors affecting the suicidal
ideation among teenagers
For this study, the survey questionnaire instruments were used to achieve
the main objective of the study. The questionnaires were distributed to the
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selected Grade 12 students that aimed to determine the factors affecting the
suicidal ideation among teenagers.
Statistical Treatment
Statistical Treatment, is using or applying statistical method to the data of
your research. The researcher used descriptive statistics in collecting the data
which only aims to describe the Grade 12 impression about the factors affecting
suicidal ideation among teenagers. The Descriptive Statistics is used to collect
the data to show the current condition of the perspective of the students
towards the p factors affecting suicidal ideation in a simplest way.
After collecting the data needed, the researchers tabulated and analyzed the
gathered data with the help of statistical tools. The following are the statistical
tools used in this study together with their corresponding formulas.
Weighted Mean
A weighted mean is a kind of average. Instead of each data point
contributing equally to the final mean, some data points contribute more
“weight” than others. The weighted mean is a type of mean that is calculated
by multiplying the weight (or probability) associated with a particular event
or outcome with its associated quantitative outcome and then summing all
the products together.
The researcher will use this to get the weighted mean of the factors
affecting suicidal ideation among teenagers.

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X̅ = Σf x
n
Where:
X̅ = weighted mean
f = frequency
x = scale
n = total respondents
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CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered, the results of the statistical analysis
done and the interpretation of findings. These are presented in tables following
the sequence of the research problems regarding the factors affecting the
suicidal ideations among the SHS students of Carmen National High School.
I. Profile of the Respondents
Table 1.1
Frequency and Percentage of the Profile of the Respondents
Gender Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
Male 59 49.17%
Female 61 50.83%
Table 1.1 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 59 or 49.17% students
are male and 61 or 50.83% students are female.
Table 1.2
Age Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
Below 16 year old 0 0.00%

16-17 year old 26 21.67%
18-19 year old 77 64.17%
20 year old & above 17 14.17%
Table 1.2 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 0 or 0% students are
below 16 years old, 26 or 21.67% students are 16 to 17 years old, 77 or 64.17%
students are 18 to 19 years old, and 17 or 14.17% students are 20 years old and
above.
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Table 1.3
Religion Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
Catholic 113 94.17%

Non-Catholic 7 5.83%
are catholic and 7 or 5.83% students are non-catholic.
Table 1.4
Parent’s living Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
arrangement
Parents living together 88 73.33%
Parents not living together 32 26.67%
have their parents living together and 32 or 26.67% students have their parents
living separately.
Table 1.5
Financial Status Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
(monthly income)
Below P5,000 51 42.50%
P5,001-P10,000 44 36.67%
P10,001- P15,000 16 13.33%
Above P15,000 9 7.5%
Table 1.5 shows that out of the 120 respondents, 51 or 42.50% student’s
family have a monthly income of P5,000 and below, 44 or 36.67% student’s
family have a monthly income of P5,001 to P10,000, 16 or 13.33% student’s
family have a monthly income of P10,001 to P15,000, and 9 or 7.5% student’s
family have a monthly income of above P15,000
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Table 1.6
Sexuality Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
Heterosexual (Boy or Girl) 110 91.67%

Homosexual (LGBTQ+) 10 8.33%
are heterosexual and 10 or 8.33% students are homosexual.
Table 1.7
Civil Status Frequency (n= 120) Percentage
Single 119 99.17%

Married 1 0.83%
are single and 1 or 0.83% student is married.
II. FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AMONG
TEENAGERS
Table 2.1
Distribution of the Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideations
Statement Weighted Interpretation
Mean
1. Depression
1.1 Teenagers suffering from depression 2.49 Agree
often attempt suicide.
1.2 Depression and anxiety are one of the 2.66 Agree
most common causes of suicide.
1.3 Lack of knowledge on how to address 2.34 Neutral
depression and anxiety can often lead to
suicide.
1.4 Trauma caused by an accident or 2.47 Agree
harassment can lead to suicide.
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Subtotal 2.49 Agree

Table 2.1 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Depression,
statements 2 “Depression and anxiety are one of the most common causes of
suicide” got the highest weighted mean of 2.66 which is interpreted as “Agree”.
Based on the rating scale, this indicates that the respondent’s general response
was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the other hand, the
statement with the least weighted mean is statement 3 “Lack of knowledge on
how to address depression and anxiety can often lead to suicide” with a mean
of 2.34 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents
agree least or is neutral to the said statement.
Table 2.2
2. Academic Challenges
2.1 Teenagers who are intellectually 2.09 Neutral
challenged often feel discouraged and
sometimes lead to suicide attempts.
2.2 Too much stress from school may 2.21 Neutral
give students ideas on suicide.
2.3 Failing grades are one of the main 2.07 Neutral
reason why teenagers attempt suicide.
2.4 Failure to perform well in school 1.93 Neutral
often discourages students that may lead
to depression and soon suicide.
Subtotal 2.08 Neutral
Table 2.2 shows that out of the three statements under the factor Academic
Challenges, statements 2 “Too much stress from school may give students
ideas on suicide” got the highest weighted mean of 2.59 which is interpreted as
“Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response was that they
neither agree nor disagree the most to the said statement. On the other hand,
the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 4 “Failure to perform
well in school often discourages students that may lead to depression and soon
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suicide” with a mean of 1.93 which is still interpreted as “Neutral”. This means
that the respondents still neither agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.3
3. Financial status
3.1 Financial crisis can make a person 2.19 Neutral
suffer from stress that may lead to suicide
attempts.
3.2 Decrease in income can affect a 2.15 Neutral
family’s financial status which may cause
stress and depression and may soon lead
to suicide attempt.
3.3 Financial crisis caused by educational 2.14 Neutral
expense can affect a student’s academic
performance and may lead to suicide.
3.4 Too much debt can make a person 2.21 Neutral
depressed and may give them ideas on
suicide.
Table 2.3 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Financial
status, statements 4 “ Too much debt can make a person depressed and may
give them ideas on suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of 2.21 which is
interpreted as “Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response
was that they neither agree nor disagree the most to the said statement. On
the other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 3
“Financial crisis caused by educational expense can affect a student’s academic
performance and may lead to suicide.” with a mean of 2.14 which is still
interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents still neither agree nor
disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.4
4. Bullying
4.1 Teenagers who are victims of bullying 2.51 Agree
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are some of the most common reported

cases of suicide.
4.2 Cyberbullying, or bullying in 2.48 Agree
general, is one of the most common reason
why a teenager attempts suicide.
4.3 Bullying destroys a person’s 2.60 Agree
confidence and give them ideas on suicide
attempt.
4.4 Bullying can cause depression on the 2.55 Agree
victim and may give them ideas on suicide.
Subtotal 2.54 Agree
Table 2.4 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Bullying,
statements 3 “Bullying destroys a person’s confidence and give them ideas on
suicide attempt.” got the highest weighted mean of 2.60 which is interpreted as
“Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s general response was that they
agree the most to the said statement. On the other hand, the statement with
the least weighted mean is statement 2 “ I Cyberbullying, or bullying in general,
is one of the most common reason why a teenager attempts suicide.” with a
mean of 2.49 which is still interpreted as “Agree”. This means that the
respondents agree least to the said statement.
Table 2.5
5. Emotional Problems
5.1 People who feel alone often attempts 1.91 Neutral
to suicide.
5.2 Isolation can greatly affect a person’s 1.99 Neutral

mental health and sometimes leads to
suicide
5.3 Loss of loved ones can affect a 2.23 Neutral
person’s emotional health that may lead to
suicide.
5.4 Heart break caused by a breakup can 1.96 Neutral
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greatly affect a person’s emotional health

which may lead to suicide.
Table 2.5 shows that out of the four statements under the factor
Emotional Problems, statements 3 “Loss of loved ones can affect a person’s
emotional health that may lead to suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
2.23 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This indicates that the respondent’s
general response was that they neither agree nor disagree the most to the said
statement. On the other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is
statement 1 “People who feel alone often attempts to suicide.” with a mean of
1.91 which is still interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents still
neither agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.6
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 The use of illegal drugs can greatly 2.44 Agree
affect one’s mental health which may lead
to suicidal ideation.
6.2 Some people use dangerous drugs 2.23 Neutral
to attempt to commit suicide.
6.3 Drug abuse is among the most 2.44 Agree

common risk factor for suicide.
6.4 Co-existing mental health issues 2.32 Neutral
may be responsible for the elevated suicide
rates seen in individuals who struggle with
substance use.
Subtotal 2.36 Agree
Table 2.6 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Drug
Abuse, statements 1 and 3 “The use of illegal drugs can greatly affect one’s
mental health which may lead to suicidal ideation.” and “Drug abuse is among
the most common risk factor for suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
30
2.44 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s

general response was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the
other hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 2 “ Some
people use dangerous drugs to attempt to commit suicide.” with a mean of 2.23
which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither
agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Table 2.7
7. Family Problems
7.1 Unhealthy home environment can 2.22 Neutral
make a student suicidal.
7.2 Too much pressure from family can 2.53 Agree

cause stress to students which gives them
ideas on suicide.
7.3 Divorce or separation of parents 2.34 Neutral
can greatly affect student’s mental health
which may lead to suicide.
7.4 Too much unhealthy arguments 2.29 Neutral
between family members can make a
person depressed which may give them
ideas on suicide.
Subtotal 2.35 Agree
Table 2.7 shows that out of the four statements under the factor Family
Problems, statements 2 “Too much pressure from family can cause stress to
students which gives them ideas on suicide.” got the highest weighted mean of
2.53 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that the respondent’s general
response was that they agree the most to the said statement. On the other
hand, the statement with the least weighted mean is statement 1 “Unhealthy
home environment can make a student suicidal.” with a mean of 2.22 which is
interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither agree nor
disagree to the said statement.
31
Scale
Interval Description
2.35-3.00 Agree
1.67-2.34 Neutral
1.00-1.66 Disagree
32
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY
This study aims to asses the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among
teenagers. The researchers utilized the Senior High School students of Carmen
National High School as their respondents.
Using a descriptive research design, data was collected by adapting a survey
questionnaire to measure the factors that may affect the suicidal ideations of the
Grade 12 students.
This study determined the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among the
SHS students of Carmen National High School in terms of: Depression , Academic
Challenges, Financial Status, Bullying, Emotional Problems, Drug Abuse, and Family
Problems
The results of the research was treated, analyzed, interpreted and tabulated
using the weighted mean.
FINDINGS
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of their:
a. Gender
Based on the data gathered, the findings of the study shows that
majority of the Senior High School students of Carmen National High
School are females.

33
b. Age
The results of the study revealed that most of the Senior High
School students of Carmen National High School are of ages 18 to 19
years old.
c. Religion
The finding of the study revealed that most of the Senior High
School students of Carmen National High School are catholics.
The results of the study shows that most of the Senior High
School students of Carmen National High School have their parents
living under one roof.
e. Financial status
The finding of the study shows that most of the Senior High
School students of Carmen National High School have a monthly family
income below P5,000.00
f. Sexuality
Based on the results, study reveals that most of the Senior High
School students of Carmen National High School are heterosexual.

34
g. Civil Status
According to the findings, study revealed that most of the Senior
High School students of Carmen National High School are single.
2. What are the factors that affects suicidal ideations among teenagers in
terms of:
2.1 Depression
2.4 Bullying
2.6 Drug Abuse
2.7 Family Problems
In general, the findings indicate that out of the seven factors affecting the
suicidal ideations among teenagers, the factor Bullying got the highest grand
mean of 2.54 which is interpreted as “Agree”. This indicates that out of the
seven factors, the respondents agree most to the Bullying factor. On the other
hand, the factor with the least grand mean is Emotional Problems with a mean of
2.02 which is interpreted as “Neutral”. This means that the respondents neither
agree nor disagree to the said statement.
Based on the data gathered, the output is a proposed symposium.

35
CONCLUSION
Based on the data analysis and findings of the study, the results revealed
that majority the Grade 12 students of Carmen National High School are mostly
females, catholic, heterosexual, and single. The results also reveals that most of
the students are of ages 18 to 19 years old, have their parents living together,
and have a monthly income not more than P5,000. Based on the findings,
statement 1.2 “Depression and anxiety are one of the most common causes of
suicide.” got the highest mean of 2.66 which means that the students agree to
the fact that depression contributes a lot to the suicidal ideations among
teenagers, the same with the statement in page 10, paragraph 3 said “Mental
health disorder is a problem that is being battled by many people around the
world. It has been burdening people for a very long time.”. The study also
revealed the factors affecting the suicidal ideations among teenagers. This
includes: Depression, Academic Challenges, Financial Status, Bullying, Emotional
Problems, Drug Abuse, and Family Problems . With this, the researchers suggest an
output proposal for the dissemination of information about the importance of
mental health awareness. The researchers agreed to conduct a proposed
symposium for the students so that they would be able to learn more about the
importance mental health as well as the factors affecting suicidal ideations.

36
RECOMMENDATION
The researchers have some suggestions to make. This includes:
1. The students should read more article about the importance of mental
health and other related article so that they have more knowledge it.
2. The students should not be afraid to open up to other people and seek
advice if they need to.
3. The school administration should start an information drive about the
importance of Mental Health to inform and educate the students.
4. Parents and teachers should be more attentive towards the students in
order to know if they need help or advice.
5. The future researchers should try to investigate on different variables in
order to have more varied results. Other variables includes: different
respondents like the parents, filipino citizens in general, etc.

37
BIBLIOGRAPHY
38
Bibliography
Anonymous (2014). “Preventing suicide: a global imperative”. Retrieved from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide
Anonymous (2020). "Suicide Prevetion". Retrieved from
https://www.helpguide.org/articles/suicide-prevention/suicide-
prevention.htm
Arria, A., Caldeira, K., O’Grady, K., et al (2010). "Suicide ideation among college
students: A multivariate analysis". Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2709750/
Cusimano, M. & Sameem, M. (2011). "The effectiveness of middle and high
school-based suicide prevention programmes for adolescents: a systematic
review". Retrieved from
https://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/17/1/43.short
Fazel, S. & Runeson, B. (2020). "Suicide". Retrieved from
Guille, C., Peluso, M., Ramos, M., et al (2016). “Prevalence of Depression,
Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. Retrieved from
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27923088/
Gullotta, T. & Bloom, M. (2002). “Encyclopedia of Primary Prevention and Health
Promotion”. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=Elx37xzO0bsC&pg=PA1112&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Hawton, K. , Saunders, K. & O'Connor, R. (2012). "Self-harm and suicide in
adolescents". Retrieved from
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60322-
5/fulltext
39
Islam, S., Potenza, M., Tansim, R., et al (2020). “Suicidal ideation among
Bangladeshi university students early during the COVID-19 pandemic:
Prevalence estimates and correlates”. Retrieved from
Kahn, A. (2019). “What You Should Know About Suicide”. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/suicide-and-suicidal-behavior
Krug, E. (2002). “World Report on Violence and Health”. Retrieved from
https://archive.org/details/worldreportonvio2002unse/page/185/mode/2up
Lester. D. (2009). "Extended suicide". Retrieved from
https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780198570059.001.0001/
med-9780198570059-chapter-22
Stein. G. & Wilkinson, G. (2007). “Seminars in general adult psychiatry”.
Retrieved fromhttps://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=6PGzHFuS1xkC&pg=PA144&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Stone, G. (2001). "Suicide and Attempted Suicide". Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_attempt
Värnik, P. (2012). "Suicide in the world". Retrieved from
Wkipedia (N.A.). "Suicide". Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide
40
APPENDICES
41
APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL
January 28,2021
ARLENE D. BUOT
Secondary School Principal III
Thru:
VANESSA MONTES, EdD
SHS Assistant to the Principal Designate
Dear Ma’am,
Greetings of peace!
We, the Grade 12 Home Economics students of Carmen National High School are
conducting a research study entitled “Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideations
Among Teenagers”. In line with this, we would like to ask permission from
your good office to conduct a survey on the Grade 12 students of our school. We
plan to distribute the survey questionnaires to their respective advisers to be
distributed during module distribution.
We would appreciate your positive respond regarding this matter.
Respectfully yours,
AISSA ABAYON
Group Member
Noted by:
SHARON PIA D. CASTIL
Research Mentor
42
Approved by:
VANESSA MONTES
SHS Assistant to the Principal Designate
APPENDIX B
LETTER TO THE RESPONDENTS
January 28, 2021
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
We are the Grade 12 HE students of Carmen National High School. As one of our
requirements, we are conducting a thesis entitled “Factors Affecting Suicidal
Ideations Among Teenagers”
Although your participation as respondents is completely voluntary, we are
humbly asking you for your time and consideration to answer our questions. Rest
assured that any information you will share will be treated with utmost
confidentiality.
Your participation will be of great help in accomplishing our endeavor.
For any clarifications, please do not hesitate to ask any of the members.
Thank you and God Bless.
Sincerely,
Abayon, Aissa
Alga, Paula Chavelle
Alga, Pia Chavelle
Andrade, Michelle
Banzon, Camelle
Banzon, Kressa
Enriquez, Kyla
Geraldez, Vinz Carmel
Gultiano, Mary Cris
43
Noted by:
SHARON PIA D. CASTIL

Research Mentor
APPENDIX C
INFORMED CONSENT
TITLE OF THE STUDY
“Factors Affecting Suicidal Ideation Among Teenagers”
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
Abayon , Aissa
Basic Education Department
Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu
0922-767-1965
[email protected]
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
You are being asked to take part in a research study. Before you decide to
participate in this study, it is important that you understand why the research is
being done and what it will involve. Please read the following carefully. Please
ask the researcher if there is anything that is not clear or if you need more
information.
The purpose of this study is to measure the factors affecting suicidal ideation
among teenagers
STUDY PROCEDURES
Before giving the survey questionnaires, the researchers will take a sample
from the population to be used as the respondents for the study.
44
The researchers will give survey questionnaires to be answered in a form of

checklist. After answering, the respondents will return the questionnaires back to
the researchers.
The study will take more or less than 20 minutes from your time.
BENEFITS
There will be no direct benefit to you for your participation in this study.
However, the researchers hope that the information obtained from this study
may help this study and will show the researchers a clearer picture.
CONFIDENTIALITY
Your responses to this research study will be anonymous. Please do not write
any identifying information on your survey questionnaire. Or for the purposes of
this research study, your comments will not be anonymous. Every effort will be
made by the researcher to preserve your confidentiality.
CONTACT INFORMATION
If you have questions at any time about this study, or you experience
adverse effects as the results of participating in this study, you may contact the
researcher whose contact information is provided on the first page.
VOLUNTARY PARTICIPATION
Your participation in this study is voluntary. It is up to you to decide whether
or not to take part of this study.
45
APPENDIX D
Research Questionnaire
FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATIONS AMONG TEENAGERS
To or Respondents:
This is to inform you that this questionnaire which you are about to
answer is solely for research purposes. The researchers will treat all information
with utmost confidentiality. Hence, we ask for your honest and sincere answers
regarding each question.
-The Researchers
Direction: Read the following statements or questions carefully that indicate
your perception about Suicidal Factors among Teenagers. Put a check
mark (✓) on the space provided.
I. PERSONAL PROFILE
Name (Optional):______________________________
Items Choices
Gender Male:: Female:
Age Below 16: 16-17: 18–19: 20 & Above:
Religion Catholic: Non-Catholic:

Parent’s living arrangement Parents living together: Parents not living
together:
Financial Status (monthly Below P5,001- P10,001- Above
income) P5,000; P10,000: P15,000: P15,000:
Sexuality Heterosexual (Boy or Homosexual (LGBTQ+):
Girl):
46
Civil Status Single: Married:

II. FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDAL IDEATION
3- agree 2- neutral 1-disagree
Statements 3 2 1
1. Mental/Psychological Health Challenges (e.g.
Depression, Anxiety, PTSD)
1.1 Teenagers suffering from depression often attempt
suicide.
1.2 Depression and anxiety are one of the most common
causes of suicide.
1.3 Lack of knowledge on how to address depression and
anxiety can often lead to suicide
1.4 Trauma caused by an accident or harassment can
lead to suicide.
2. Academic Challenges
2.1 Teenagers who are intellectually challenged often feel
discouraged and sometimes lead to suicide attempts.
2.2 Too much stress from school may give students ideas
on suicide.
2.3 Failing grades are one of the main reason why
teenagers attempt suicide.
2.4 Failure to perform well in school often discourages
students that may lead to depression and soon suicide.
3. Financial status
3.1 Financial crisis can make a person suffer from stress
that may lead to suicide attempts.
3.2 Decrease in income can affect a family’s financial
status which may cause stress and depression and may
soon lead to suicide attempt.
3.3 Financial crisis caused by educational expense can
affect a student’s academic performance and may lead to
suicide.
47
3.4 Too much debt can make a person depressed and

may give them ideas on suicide.
4. Bullying
4.1 Teenagers who are victims of bullying are some of
the most common reported cases of suicide.
4.2 Cyberbullying, or bullying in general, is one of the
most common reason why a teenager attempts suicide.
4.3 Bullying destroys a person’s confidence and give them
ideas on suicide attempt.
4.4 Bullying can cause depression on the victim and may
give them ideas on suicide.
5.1 People who feel alone often attempts to suicide.
5.2 Isolation can greatly affect a person’s mental health
and sometimes leads to suicide
5.3 Loss of loved ones can affect a person’s emotional
health that may lead to suicide.
5.4 Heart break caused by a breakup can greatly affect
a person’s emotional health which may lead to suicide.
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 The use of illegal drugs can greatly affect one’s
mental health which may lead to suicidal ideation.
6.2 Some people use dangerous drugs to attempt to
commit suicide.
6.3 Drug abuse is among the most common risk
factor for suicide.
6.4 Co-existing mental health issues may be
responsible for the elevated suicide rates seen in individuals
who struggle with substance use.
7. Family Problems
7.1 Unhealthy home environment can make a student
suicidal.
7.2 Too much pressure from family can cause stress
48
to students which gives them ideas on suicide.

7.3 Divorce or separation of parents can greatly affect
student’s mental health which may lead to suicide.
7.4 Too much unhealthy arguments between family
members can make a person depressed which may give
them ideas on suicide.
APPENDIX E
FORMULATIONS
How weighted mean table was completed:
X̅ = Σf x
n
1. Depression
1.1 71(3) + 37(2) + 12(1) 1.3 54(3) + 53(2) + 13(1)
120 120
= 2.49 = 2.34
1.2 87(3) + 25(2) + 8(1) 1.4 67(3) + 42(2) + 11(1)
120 120
= 2.66 = 2.47
2. Academic Challeges
2.1 31(3) + 69(2) + 20(1) 2.3 35(3) + 58(2) + 27(1)
120 120
= 2.09 = 2.07
2.2 44(3) + 57(2) + 19(1) 2.4 32(3) + 47(2) + 41(1)
120 120
= 2.21 = 1.93
3. Financial Status
3.1 42(3) + 59(2) + 19(1) 3.3 37(3) + 63(2) + 20(1)
120 120
49
= 2.19 = 2.14
3.2 32(3) + 74(2) + 14(1) 3.4 46(3) + 53(2) + 21(1)
120 120
= 2.15 = 2.21
4. Bullying
4.1 72(3) + 37(2) + 11(1) 4.3 78(3) + 36(2) + 6(1)
120 120
= 2.51 = 2.60
4.2 66(3) + 45(2) + 9(1) 4.4 76(3) + 34(2) + 10(1)
120 120
= 2.48 = 2.55
5.1 32(3) + 45(2) + 43(1) 5.3 47(3) + 53(2) + 20(1)
120 120
= 1.91 = 2.23
5.2 30(3) + 59(2) + 31(1) 5.4 30(3) + 55(2) + 35(1)
120 120
= 1.99 = 1.96
6. Drug Abuse
6.1 68(3) + 37(2) + 15(1) 6.3 63(3) + 47(2) + 10(1)
120 120
= 2.44 = 2.44
6.2 44(3) + 58(2) + 19(1) 6.4 53(3) + 52(2) + 15(1)
120 120
= 2.23 = 2.32
7. Family Problems
7.1 51(3) + 44(2) + 25(1) 7.3 54(3) + 53(2) + 13(1)
50
120 120
= 2.22 = 2.34
7.2 69(3) + 45(2) + 6(1) 7.4 58(3) + 39(2) + 23(1)
120 120
= 2.53 = 2.29
CURRICULUM VITAE
51
RESEARCHER’S CURRICULUM VITAE
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Aissa Abayon
Home Address: Poblacion, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: May 02, 2003
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Citizenship: Filipino
Contact Number: 09227671965
Email Address: [email protected]
Mother’s Name: Analiza Abayon
Father’s Name: Armin Abayon
II. Education Background
Senior High School: Carmen National High School

52
Junior High School: Carmen National High School
Elementary: Elpidio I De Dios Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: PAULA CHAVELLE ALGA
Home Address: DAWIS NORTE,CARMEN, CEBU
Gender: FEMALE
Birthdate: JUNE 29,2003
Civil Status: SINGLE
Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC
Citizenship: FILIPINO/CEBUANO
Mother’s Name: DIVINA CHEA ALGA
Father’s Name: JUNDEL GINGCO

53
Senior High School: CARMEN NHS
Junior High School: CARMEN NHS
Elementary: DAWIS NORTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: PIA CHAVELLE ALGA
Home Address: DAWIS NORTE,CARMEN, CEBU
Gender: FEMALE
Birthdate: JUNE 29,2003
Civil Status: SINGLE
Religion: ROMAN CATHOLIC
Citizenship: FILIPINO/CEBUANO
Mother’s Name: DIVINA CHEA ALGA
Father’s Name: JUNDEL GINGCO

54
Senior High School: CARMEN NHS
Junior High School: CARMEN NHS
Elementary: DAWIS NORTE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Michelle Andrade
Home Address: Dawis Norte, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: June 16, 2000
Mother’s Name: Lorna M. Andrade
Father’s Name: Mackie C. Andrade

55
Elementary: Carmen Central Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Camelle Banzon
Home Address: Malubog, Ipil, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: July 20, 2003
Religion:Roman Catholic
Mother's Name: Marichu B. Lacno
Father's Name: Reynaldo s. Lacno

56
Elementary: Hagnaya Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Kressa Marie Banzon
Home Address: Malubog, Ipil, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: December 25,2001
Religion:Roman Catholic
Citizenship:Filipino
Mother's Name: Marichu B. Lacno
Father's Name: Reynaldo S. Lacno

57
Elementary: Hagnaya Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Kyla Zane Enriquez
Home Address: Cogon West, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: February 2, 2003
Mother's Name: Gina E. Enriquez
Father's Name: Jonben L. Enriquez

58
Elementary: Baring Central Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Vinz Carmel L. Geraldez
Home Address: Baring, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: July 19
Mother’s Name: Melinda Geraldez
Father’s Name: Jonashien Geraldez

59
Elementary: Carmen Central Elementary School
I. PERSONAL DATA
Name: Mary Cris Gultiano
Home Address: Dawis Norte, Carmen, Cebu
Gender: Female
Birthdate: May 30, 2002
Mother’s Name: Wilma Gultiano
Father’s Name: Cirilo S. Pilapil

60
Senior High School: Carmen NHS
Junior High School: Carmen NHS
Elementary: Tisa II Elementary School

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1

THE BACKGROUND AND ITS SETTINGS

We must always be open-minded and be sensitive towards other people’s

even thousands of years.

As indicated by Wikipedia, Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's

financial or academic difficulties), relationship problems (such as breakups or

deaths of close ones), or harassment/bullying. Those who have previously

attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts.

suicide attempts increases greatly during adolescence. Suicide is the third-

students are resorting to suicide and ending their life.

the importance of mental health.

Statement of the Problem

ideations among teenager students of Carmen National High School.

Specifically it will answer the following questions:

1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:

d. Parents living arrangement

2.2 Academic Challenges

2.3 Financial Status

2.5 Emotional Problems

2.6 Drug Abuse

2.7 Family Problems

3. Based on the results, what is the proposed output?

According to verywellmind.com, psychoanalytic theory was an enormously

the most known.

The eight-stage psychosocial development theory by Erikson describes

that arise during different stages of development.

influence an individual's psychological growth. At each point in development,

people cope with a psychosocial crisis.

In relevance to the study, Psychosocial Development theory was used to

Theoretical or Conceptual Framework

Psychosocial Development Theory by Erik Erikson (1968)

A proposed seminar for the dissemination of information about

following are the benefits of the study:

Respondents. The students will be able to learn about the importance of

mental and emotional health.

School Administration. This study can be used by school administrators to

be able to understand the perspectives of the students and design a program

that will help the students strengthen their mental health.

Researchers. This study gives knowledge to researchers about the factors

Future Researchers. This study functions as a guide and source of information

operationally defined by the researchers.

Suicidal Ideations. In this study, it is the variable being studied. It is the

variable that give teenagers ideas to attempt suicide .

the suicidal ideation among teenagers. It is a person’s condition with regard to

their psychological and emotional well-being.

Psychosocial Development Theory. In this study, this theory is used

behavior of the students during their teen years.

suicidal ideation among teenagers. The behavior of a person who hurts or

frightens someone smaller or less powerful.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of Related Literature

behaviors should be considered a psychiatric emergency (Kahn, 2019).

(According to Wikipedia, approximately 1.5% of people die by suicide. In a

data for Phils.)

Nomenclature for Suicide

or non-fatal suicidal behavior, as stated by Krug (2002), is self-injury with at

assisted suicide is understood to be when another person, usually a physician,

to bring an end to their life (Gullotta & Bloom, 2002).

literature, and refers to thoughts of killing oneself, in varying degrees of intensity

Although these different feelings — or ideations— express different degrees of