T132 Rocket Gatling

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nI-
CONFIDENTIAL NPG Report No. 1351
NAVORD REPORT NO.1340
PREPARATION OF
"ANTI-AIRCRAFT RANGE TABLE FOR
_ 2175 BUN-FIRED ROCKET T-132
U. S. NAVAL PROVING GROUND

DAHLGREN, VIRGINIA
Copy No. 14
-- CONFIDENTIAL 10 Date 20 May 1955

' • tCONFIDENTIAL
U. S. Naval Proving Ground

• ~Dahlgren,, Virginia'
•, Preparation of
I Anti-Aircraft Range Table for

2V75 Gun-Fired Rocket T-132
by
S~~Co J. Cohen I:'
i-o DR. Brown,, Jr,
• ~H.M.o Lieberetein ,
Computation and Ballistics Department
I i
NPG REPORT NO. 1351

S/ NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
Task Assignment Nos.

NPG-Re3d-417-2-53
, •• NPG-B-3d-439-2- 54 4
20 May 1955
"APPROVED: J. F. BYRNE
Captain, USN1.8
"Commander, Naval Proving Ground
P.. UA.
a.N.
Captain, USH
Ordnance Officer
By direction
CONFIDENTIAL
24924,
I~~ 0 l
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDENTIAL S• NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
CONTENTS
le Abstract o oia
2o Foreword o x * o . o o * e o e o o . o . e o e iv
3. Introduction * a...* . 1
4. Description of Material . e o # * a * o o o o e o 2
5. Description of Test Equipment . . o * . . o o o o 3
a. Launcher and Mounts o e . .o .o o o o o e 3
be Ballistic Instrumentation o oo •
6. Firing and Measurements Procedure o e o 9. o o e o 6
ao Description of Firings e a o #o e 6
b. Reduction of Test Data o * o e o a * a * o ., 10
7. Ballistic Analysis a • o e a * * * o a • .* e e 12
* a. The Perfect Trailing Model . . . . . . . . . 14
be Thrust Parameters and Mussle Velocity . . . 16
ac Drag Parameters • "
6,6..6 • 22
d• Motion During Burning with Taw o . . . . • 26 p
Se. Range Table Formulas with Allowances
for Yawing Motion .. o...*..... 37
f• Dispersion • • a o o o o •o o o o ..• o 50
Sgo JUMP . . • • • • a a • • 51
8. Summary of Numerical Results . o o • 54
9. Discussion and Conclusions 0• .• • . • . 57?
10. Recommendations . a . . .e . . . o o . . . o . * 58
11. References . . . • • . • . .
a . . • . . . . . . 60
12. Appendices: .
A. Illustrations of Test Equipment I:
B. Firing Data
C. Determination of Thrust Parameters
D.
E.
Formulation of Projectile Motion with Taw
Determination of Dynamic Thrust
i.,....
F. Range Table Differentials and Departures from
Range Table in Plane of Fire for Corrected Data
G. Tables of Ballistic Data for Anti-Aircraft Fire
Control Equipment for 2175 Rocket T-132 "
H. Distribution List
Figures:
Fues 2175 Rocket T-132 Removed from Caetridge Case
2. 2975 Automatic Rocket Launcher T-llO-E2B Installed

on a Modified 4-Inch Gun Mount
3# Schegatic Layout of Ballistic Measurement Equipment
CONFIDENTIAL i
0!
.1
NPG REPORT NO. 1351

CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
CONTENTS (Continued)
4. Portion of Test Records Used for Spin Measurements

Near Burnout of 2175 Rocket T-132
5. Analysis of a Typical Group for Aooeleration
Parameters tb and 01 for 700F Propellant Temperature
6. Group to Group Dispersion of Aooeleration Parameters
tb and Cl for 7007 Propellant Temperature
7. Coordinate System (Rigid Body Integrations)
A. Sensitivity of Rigid Body Solutions to Form of Thrust
9. Velocity versus Time for Dynamic Thrust Determination
10. Normalized Velocity versus Time for Dynamic Thrust
Dete-mination
11. Curves of Constant, Linear, and Dynamic Thrust
12. Curve of Mass versus Time associated with Dynamic
'• Thrust Thrust versus
Static
S13. Time, 70OF Propellant Temperature
14-17. Range table Differentials and Departures from Range
Table in Plane of Fire for Corrected Data
1 Launcher Elevation 1030t, Propellant Temperature 70OF
S15° Launcher Elevation 2045t, Propellant Temperature 70"F
S16. Launcher Elevation 5030t, Propellant Temperature 70"F
r 17. Launcher Elevation 1000't, Propellant Temperature 70"F
18-21. Departures from Range Table in Plane of Fire for
Corrected Data
18. Launcher Elevation 1"30t, Propellant Temperature 30OF
"" 19. Launcher Elevation 2*45t, Propellant Temperature 30OF
20. Launcher Elevation 130t, Propellant Temperature 110OF
21. Launcher Elevation 20451, Propellant Temperature 110OF
Tables:
1e Physical Measurements of Rounds Fired
2. Range Table Firing ConditionsI! .
3. Observed Muzzle Velocities
"4. Observed Maximum Velocity with Corresponding Slant
Ranges and Times
5. Observed Trajectory Angle at End of Burning
6. Observed Impact Data
7. Rigid Body Equations of Motion
8. List of Symbols for Rigid Body Equations
9. Rigid Body Parameters
10. Tables of Ballistic Data for Anti-Aircraft Fire
Control Equipment for 2V75 Rocket T-132
CONFIDENTIAL iii
i 14
NPG REPORT NO. 1351

1
Od c oe 1. ABSTRACT
The Naval Proving Ground was directed by the Bureau of

Ordnance to prepare an interim anti-aircraft range table for
the 2q75 gun-fired rocket T-131 from data obtained by firing
inert-loaded rounds designated T-132. This report contains a
together with a listing of firing data. It also contains a
description of the ballistic analysis of the firing data em-
ployed in preparation of the anti-aircraft range table, which
is included as an appendix.*
Acceptable dispersion
rounds tested.
patterns were obtained for the
This, along with other phenomena, indicatedi
a consistency of performance that was exceptionally good
considering previous experiences with other lots of T-132
,ammunitiono Excellent Sperry Doppler Radio Chronograph
records were obtained, revealing spin and unexpected thrust
characteristics. It was established that burnin& in flight
is very progressive and is inconsistent with the relatively
uniform burning observed in static tests.
'
In the analysis of firing data necessary to produce the
range table, unconventional procedures were used to determine
thrust acceleration as well as drag parameters. To allow for 4
the effects of yaw during burning, some rigid body trajec-
tories were integrated, subject to a rather comprehensive
aerodynamic force system. The derivation of deflection and
wind effects formulas used for the range table, exhibiting
the assumptions necessary to obtain them, are also included
in this report.
It is recommended that: (a) an appropriate drag function
be obtained for use in future ballistic programs involving
the T-132 rocket; (b) studies be undertaken to determine the
causes of the difference between the static burning rate and
the dynamic burning rate; (c; upon production of the service j
mount, several be sent to the Naval Proving Ground for measure-
ment of jump at launch; and (d) in view of the difficulty
encountered in observing the inherently small splash on water
impact, live-loaded T-131 rounds or T-132 rounds loaded with
spotting charges be used in future range table firings.
CONFIDENTIALii
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO, 1340
2. FOREWORD
This is the final ref.:'t on the preparation of an
Anti-Aircraft Range Table for the 2175 Rocket T-132. The
project was requested by references (a) and (b) and was
carried out under Task Assignments NPG-Re3d-417-2-53,
NPG-Re3d-439-2-53 and NPG-B-2d-439-2-54. The firings upon
which the range table was based were conducted in the
••period from 22 January to 6 March 1953. The anti-aircraft
range table, which is included in this report as Appen-
dix (G)s was forwarded to the Bureau of Ordnance on 10 June
1953 by reference (c)* Subsequently, air-to-air firing
tables were computed and transmitted to the Bureau of
Ordnance by reference (d). r
Sherein Unconventional
were developedmethods of ballistic
by a team consistinganalysis
of Co Joreported
Cohen, F
We .oBarnes, and He Me Lieberstein.
The report in large part has been revised and edited

by Co He Frick and Jo BE Mulligan. It has been reviewed
-for technical accuracy by:
We E. BARNES, Head# Ballistic and
Statistical Theory Branch
Theory and Analysis Division
C. J. COHEN, Chief, Theory and Analysis Division
W. A. KEKPER* Chief, Ballistics Division
I.
Computation and Ballistiis Department
Re H. LYDDANE, Assistant Director of Research
N. A. MN RIFFOLT, Director of Research
'I
C
E
S~CONFIDENTIAL •
NPG REPORT NO* 1351
CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO* 1340
3. INTRODUCTION
The 2175 rocket T-132 is an inert-loaded practice
round for the 2175 HZ rocket T-131. The T-131 rocket is a
gun-fired, spin-stabilised rocket projectile designed for
air-to-airp ground-to-airD and ground-to-ground firings.
When ground fired, it has a maximum range of approximately
6000 yards. Both the T-131 and the T-132 rockets are fired
from the 2175 Antomatic Rocket Launcher T-110, The
launcher-missile system is capable of cyclic rates of
approximately 900 rounds per minute. With a propellant
temperature of 70"F9 the muzzle velocity is approximately
1200 feet per second and the rocket is accelerated to about
2700 feet per second during a burning period of approxi-
mately 0.6 second. The spin is imparted by rifling with
k progressive twist in tha launcher barrel and by the torque I *
'a component of the thrust resulting from the cant of the two
rocket motor nomsles.
The original projects for the design and development

of the a&munition and the associated launcher were carried
out by the Armour Research Foundation of the Illinois
Institute of Technology. Theme development projects for
the rocket and launcher are described in references (e) and
(f), respectively. The development of the rocket propel-
lant now being used was undertaken by the Thiokol Corpora-
• ~~tioes.,
tion During development of the missile, preliminary flight
tests were conducted at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, and at
Aberdeen Proving Ground. The purpose of these tests was to
determine the feasibility of the various design proposals
with regard to the structural strength of the rocket, the
launching and ignition systems, and the propulsion charac-
toristios. Provisional ballistic tables for aircraft
firings were computed by the N4listic Research Labor&-
tories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, in March 1949 and revised
in February 1952o
CONFIDENTIAL 1 $
JI
NPG REPORT NO. 1351

CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. '6340
The object of this project was to prepare an anti-

aircraft range table for the 2175 rocket T-132 to be used
as an interim anti-aircraft range table for the 2175 rocket I
T-131. Work done under the project included performing the
necessary firings, ballistic measurements, ballistic
analyses, and computations.
4, DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL
The 2175 rocket T-132 and the 2175 HE rocket T-131 are
identical except that the T-131 round has a live-loaded
head and fuse whereas the T-132 round has an inert-loaded
J head and a dummy fuse. Figure 1 Appendix (A), is a photo-
graph of a T-132 round with the cartridge case and igniter
tube removedl this particular round was from the ammunition I
lot used for the range table firings. Table 19 Appen-
dix (B), contains representative physical data on the
rounds fired.
The ammunition components of the rounds used for the
range table firings are identified below:
Desig- Lot Drawing
nation No. Noe
Assembled Ammunition T-132 PA-E-11499 P-8206-SB

"Cartridge Case 11 23D-1-200
Head, Inert Loaded PA-E-11107 P-81909B ",
PA-B-lO(073
Igniter T-25 PA-B-11226 P-82070
Fuse# Dummy M5OB1 None 72-5-4
Rocket Propellant -
"(see reference (g)) T-lOEl Mix H-1050 loaded
by Thiokol Corpo-
ration
Launcher Propelling
Charge T-302 PA-E-715 P-82071
Gas Seal 2 23D-1-201
CONFIDENTIAL 2 .
\A
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
The cartridge case and gas seal were manufactured by Reo

Motors; the head# igniters fuse, and launcher propelling
charge were manufactured by Picatinny Arsenal. The rocket
propellant was manufactured by Thiokol Corporation. The
components listed above were manufactured in 1952 and were
assembled by Picatinny Arsenal in December 1952.
S5.DESCRIPTION OF TEST EQUIPMENT

a. Launcher and Mounts
All rounds in the range table program were fired singly
fijm a 2175 Automatic Rocket Launcher T-llO-E2B. Although
this is an aircraft type launcher, it was used because the
anti-aircraft launcher type T-110-E2C was unavailable at the
Naval Proving Ground at the time of the range table firings.
The two launcher types have identical recoilless barrels.
The firings were conducted in two phases. The firings

of the first phase were conducted at a low elevation angle
to establish the trajectory parameters during burning; the
firings of the second phase were conducted at higher angles
to obtain data at longer times of flight. For the first
phase, the launcher was installed on a rigid, box type mount.
A fixed angle of elevation was obtained by means of wedge-
shaped mounting shims. The second phase-of the firings was
conducted with the launcher installed on a modified 4-inch
gun mount as shown in Figure 2, Appendix A. The launcher
could be trained and elevated by means of the handwheels;
because of the backlash in the gear trains and the non-
rigidity of the mount, however, it was not possible to assure
a fixed launching angle during firings, (This did not hinder
the determination of drag parameters, since data on distance ,
versus time rather than distance versus launcher angle were
employed.) It should be noted in Figure 2 that the launcher
bore axis is above the trunnion axis of the mount, thus
creating a source of positive vertical jump; such jump wav
observed in the second phase of the firings.,
The firing current for all rounds was supplied by a 16 4

microfarad condenser charged to 250 volts. The pressure
bleed-off system for automatic cycling of the launcher loading
sprocket was connected in 3uch a manner that rapid fire service
conditions were approximated. The launcher was loaded, how-
ever, with only one round at a time; therefore, no work was
CONFIDENTIAL 3
NPG REPORT Nu. 1351
done by the launcher sprocket other than in ejecting the

case of the round fired. While no direct measurements of
the effects of this loading difference have been made, it
is believed that the effect on the initial conditions of
the rocket flight is insignificant.
be Ballistic Instrumuientation
The following items of equipment were used for ballistic
measurements (see Figure 3, Appendix Apfor a schematic layout
of the cameras and the Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph): :.
(1) A Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph provided
measurements of velocity and slant range versus time on a
majority of the rounds fired. Velocity measurements were
obtained over intervals of approximately 75 feet in range
Sfrom about 005 second beyond the muzsle to about 0.3 second
beyond burn-out (or about 1800 feet in range). The antenna
of the equipment was located as close as practicable to the
launcher in order to minimise the geometric errors incurred
in measurements of the rocket motion* A drum camera used
f-ith this instrument recorded the Doppler signal and also t
firing signal marking the initial current flow to the props
ling charge igniter; this firing signal was used as a time
Sreference* A photocell sky screen was located on the line
fire, approximately 100 feet down range from the muszle* in
order to detect the passage of the missile and to provide a
reference value of range.
(2) A 35mm Fastax camera equipped with a lens of 35mm
focal length and operated at a rate of approximately 3000
frames per second was located 12 feet down range and 50 feet
off range. It photographed the first 25 feet of rocket flight.
The optic axis of the camera was horizontal and perpendicular
to the line of fire. The actual frame rate of the camera was
determined by means of a thousand-cycle pulse recorded on the
edge of the film. Two reference targets in the field of view
of the camera and in the plane of fire served as a scale.
(3) A Bowen camera equipped with a lens of 12-inch focal
length and operated at a rate of 60 frames per second was
located 1100 feet down range and 850 feet off range from the
*. launcher. It was used during the first phase of the range &
table firings to photograph the rocket flight at the end of
CONFIDENTIAL 4
• .f
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
burning. The camera was aimed so that its optic axis was at
a known elevation angle and perpendicular to the line of fire.
Reference targets erected in the field of view of the camera
"I defined the horisontal and served as references for measure-
ments of range.
(4) A 35mm Mitchell chronograph camera equipped with

a lens of 6-inch focal length and operated at a rate of 100
••frames per second was located 1100 feet down range and 600
feet off range from the launcher. It was used during the
second phase of firings to photograph the rocket at the end
of barning. The camera was aimed perpendicularly to the line
of fire and was elevated to a known angle by means of a
gunnerts quadrant.
(5) Three 35mm Mitchell chronograph cameras, one
equipped with a lens of 10-inch focal length and two with
lenses of 6-inch focal length# were operated at a rate of
100 frames per second. The camera with the 10-inch focal
length lens was located 200 feet off range and 50 feet
behind the launcher, and the two cameras with 6-inch focal
length lenses were located at down range stations. All
three cameras photographed the impact splashes; in addition#
the camera with 10-inch focal length lens photographed a
reference target in the field of view.
(6) A Bowen camera equipped with a lens of 12-inch 4
I- focal length and operated at a rato of 90 frames per second
was located at a down range station. It was used to photo--
graph the impact splashes and a reference target. The camera
was used at a different location in the second phase of the
firings.
of 60cm focal length and operated at a rate of four pictures
per second was locatad at a down range station. It was used

in conjunction with the above cameras to determine the impact
locations.
(8) Associated equipment, including radio and electronic
equipment and lamps for registering master timing impulses on
the Mitchell and Bowen camera film, was used. The timing and
firing signals were recorded on an oscillogram, thereby making
it possible to reference the camera time measurements to the
origin of the trajectory.
CONFIDENTIAL 5
"NPG REPORT NO. 1351
t CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
*1 (9) modified Gunner t s Quadrant Mk 3 was used to

A
measure the angle of elevation of the launcher barrel.
modified quadrant has two parallel cylinders, each about
This
eight inches long and approximately three-quarters of an

inch in diameter, attached to the base to ensure a more
accurate fit of the quadrant on a cylindrical barrel.
(10) An optical boresight tool from an Aircraft Machine
Gun Boresight Kit Nk 1 was used to determine the line of
fire. A 2175 bore adapter, manufactured by the Naval Gun
Factory (piece sketches 507398-A-4, 230083-1, and 230083-2)
permits the use of this boresight tool with the 2'975 Auto-
matic Rocket Launchers T-lIO-E2B and T-llO-E2C.
(11) A test stand of special design was constructed for
•- use in local static firing tests of two rounds* The rocket
was aounted verticall- downward in the test stand and the
thrust was directed against a strain geuge plate. In order
to mount the rocket in the test stand, the nose fuse was
replaced by a cylindrical adapter about six inches long and
one inch in diameter. The adapter was fitted into a sup-
porting block which permitted movement in the vertical direc-
Stion only* Rotation about the long axis of the rocket was
Srstrained by an arm welded perpendicularly to the adapter;
the arm bore against a second strain gauge plate, thereby
;•rovding a measure of the rocket motor torque.
6. FIRING AN MEASURMENTS PROCEDURE

a* Destription ofw rFirings.T r
S(1) Range Table Firings

Ninety-eight rounds from a single ammunition lot
were fired to obtain the information needed for the prepa-
Sration of the range table* Data on the number of rounds
fired at each angle of elevation and propellant temperature
aro contained in Table 2. Appendix B. In additions five
rounds were fired to obtain information on the jump of the
launcher and two rounds were fired for the determination of
spine
CONFIDENTIAL 6
NPG REPORT NO,.1351
JJ
The firings were conducted at three rocket

propellant temperatures: 30a 70, and 110F. The rounds
were conditioned at the desired temperature# with a toler-
ance of about 30FO for at least 48 hours prior to firing,
Since only one round at a time was removed from the tem-
perature conditioning facilities# the time of exposure to
ambient temperatures was minimised and was generally less
than three minutes.
A wind measuring set was placed about 100 feet

down range and 20 feet off range from the mussle, and about
10 feet above the ground to record the direction and velo-
city of the surface wind during burning of the rocket. In
addition, the surface pressure and temperature (dry and wet
bulb), which are required for the determination of surface
,• density, were recorded every thirty minuteos Measurements
of wind and density structures aloft were obtained hourly
frou pilot balloon and radiosonde observations* No rounds
were fired when the surface winds wero in excess of 13 knots,
most rounds being fired with surface winds of lses than 9
obandIndividual values of rocket weights could not be

obtained directly since to do so would have required die-
assembly of the rocket from the cartridge case. However,
each assembled round w&s weighed prior to firing and each
cartridge case with igniter tube was weighed after firingl
e difference between these two weights equaled the weight
of the unburnt rocket and the propelling charge. The weight
of the propelling charge (6-1/2 ounces) was included in infor-
mation supplied with the ammunition; subtracting this value
left the weight of the unburnt rocket. To obtain the weight
of the burnt rocket, the weight of the rocket propellant,
including the inhibitor, was obtained from information in
reference (h) and subtracted from the weight of the unburnt
rocket *
During the first phase of the range table firings,
a launcher mount with a fixed angle of elevation was used.
The desired angle of elevation was set by means of the
gunner's quadrant when the launcher was installed. During
the second phase of the range table firings, the angles of
elevation were set by means of the quadrant placed on the
launcher barrel just forward of the receiver. This procedure,
which could be used since the barrel is not tapered# minimised
the deflection of the barrel due to the weight of the quadrant.
CONFIDENTIAL 7
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
The angles were checked by a boresight and differential

leveling technique, in which the difference in heights
between two points on the boresight line, one at the muzzle
and the other at a known distance from it, was used to com-
pute the angle of elevation. For both phases of the firings,
the bore axis was set in the horizontal direction by means
of the boresight tool and the 2975 bore adapter.
The launcher barrel was cleaned and lubricated
after each day's firing. It was the practice to fire a slug
round (T-217) prior to the range table firings each day in
order to clear the bore of lubricant and to approximate the
service condition of the barrel. The existence of an effect
on the muzzle velocity of a round fired from an oiled barrel
was reported in reference (e).
The firings of the first phase were conducted
primarily to establish the trajectory characteristics and
parameters during burning and to obtain ranging data at a
short time of flight. A launcher elevation of 130' was
used for the firings. Since the muzzle of the launcher was
approximately 24 feet above the impact point, a time of
flight of about four seconds was obtained. Eleven rounds
were fired at a propellant temperature of 700F, ten rounds
at 300F, and ten rounds at 1100F. Measurements of velocity
and slant range versus time during the burning period were
obtained by means of the Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph.
The velocity of the rocket at the muzzle was determined
photographically, as were the time and position of impact.
During this phase of the firings, measurements of trajectory
angle in the vertical plane at the end of burning were also
obtained photographically. The low angle of fire was par-
ticularly convenient for these measurements.
The purpose of the second phase of the firings,
consisting of 67 rounds, was to obtain ranging data at times
of flight longer than those of the first phase, and to deter-
mine the free flight ballistic coefficient of the rocket.
The launcher elevations used were 130t, 24`5t, 5"301, and
10000'; the times of flight corresponding to these launcher
elevations were approximately 4, 8, 12, and 16 seconds,
respectively.
CONFIDENTIAL 8
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340 A
The propellant temperatures used were 30, 70, and llO6F;

however, a greater number of rounds were fired at 70OF
than at either of the other temperatures (see Table 2, 1
• Appendix
~the firings The the
B). were sameof asdata
types obtained
those in this
obtained phase
in the first
of
phase, except that measurements of rocket height rather

than of trajectory angle at the end of burning were
obtained.
(2) Launcher Jump Test
The ranges and times of flight to impact and

rocket heights measured at the end of burning during the
second phase of the firings, with the launcher installed
on the modified 4-inch gun mount, were greater than had
been expected. It was considered desirable to investigate
the possibility of the existence of launcher jump since
the discrepancies could be explained if the effective
V launcher angle, in the vertical plane, was approximately
one -degree greater than that preset using the gunnerts
quadrant. In this investigation it was necessary to deter-
mine the rocket coordinates and the direction of the rocket
velocity at the end of burning, and to determine whether
the magnitude and direction of the jump were consistent.
For this purpose two jump cards were erected on the line of
fire and perpendicular to it, in order to bracket the end
of burning. These jump cards, with the centers of the cards
about the same height as the launcher mussle, were located
850 feet and 1300 feet down range from the muszle. Negative
launcher angles were selected prior to firing on the basis
of an estimated one degree ol jump, as indicated by the
results of the range table firings. Measurements were made
on five rounds, all of which were fired at a propellant
temperature of 70F. Measurements of the surface wind at
the time of firing of each round were made In order to cor-
rect the target impact coordinates to the standard condition
of no wind.
(3) Static Firing Test

Two rounds, which had been conditioned at a tempera-
ture of 700F, were fired statically in a test stand in order
to provide measures of rocket thrust, torque, and impulse for
comparison with values computed with the use of the in-flight
accelerations derived from the velocity records. Both rounds
CONFIDENTIAL 9
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
contained propellant from Mix H-1050s, but only one round was
from the range table ammunition lot. The outputs of the
strain gauges of the test stand, together with a timing sig-
nal, were recorded on an oscillogram. Ignition of the pro-
pellant grain was accomplished by directing an oxy-acetylene
torch into one of the nossles, the seals of both noszles
having been removed prior to firing.
b. Reduction of Test Data

(I) muzzle Velocity
Mussle velocities were determined for a total of

17 rounds by means of the Fastax camera installation de-
scribed above. Four of the rounds had propellant tempera-
tures at 300F, nine rounds at 70OF, and four rounds at 106F.,
Although camera records for a considerably larger number of
rounds were available, mussle velocities were calculated only
for the number of rounds needed to determine the burning
period parameters for the three temperatures. Individual
values of velocity are given in Table 3, Appendix B. It is
estimated that the computed velocities are accurate to within
two feet per second.
(2) Velocity and Slant Range During Burning
Measurements of radial velocity and slant range

versus time during burning and for a fraction of a second
after burning, were obtained from the Sperry Radio Doppler
Chronograph records. Individual values of maximum velocity
of the rounds used in the ballistic analysis and the corre-
"sponding times and slant ranges are contained in Table 4,
Appendix B.
(3) Trajectory Coordinates and Angle at Burnout
The ballistic analysis required that measurements

be made of the trajectory angle and trajectory drop at the
end of burning resulting from gravity, thrust, and aerody- i
namic forces. Trajectory angle measurements were made only
on the firings conducted at an elevation angle of 1*301 by
means of a Bowen camera. Measurements were made on four
rounds fired with propellant temperatures at 70eF, three
rounds at 30*F, and three rounds at 110F. The individual
1
CONFIDENTIAL 10
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
-----------------------------------------------
-- -- -- -- -- ---
values of trajectory angle computed from these measurements

are given in Table 5, Appendix B. It is estimated that the
angles obtained are accurate to within 0.5 minute.
For firings at elevation angles greater than 1030•,
near burnout obtained from
photographs oftaken
the height the rocket
by a Mitchell camera.was
(4) Range and Deflection

The ranges and deflections of the rockets at impact
were computed using information from the photographs of the
impacts. The individual values of the uncorrected ranges and
deflections used for the range table computations are listed
in Table 6. Appendix B. It is estimated that these values
are accurate to within two yards.
(5) Time of Flight
Measurements of times of flight were obtained from

the records of the chronograph cameras which photographed the
impact splashes and the oscillograph which recorded the
firing signals and the radio-transmitted timing signals. The
individual values of the uncorrected times of flight used for
the range table computations are also listed in Table 6,
Appendix B. It is estimated that these values are accurate
to within 0.01 second.
(6) Spin
A knowledge of the spin during burning was required
for the integration of rigid-body trajectories. At the muzzle,
the spin is determined from the known twist of the rifling and
the muzzle velocity, zero slippage being assumed. Extensive
firings to measure the spin of the rocket during burning were
found unnecessary since two independent measurements of the
spin were
used readily
for other available from
measurements tests. of instruments
duringthetherecords 1
One source of measurement of spin was the oscillo-

gram of the drum camera used with the Sperry Radio Doppler
Chronograph, on which was recorded the Doppler signal. The A
amplitude of the Doppler signal was observed to be modulated
both during and after burning without discontinuity. The
CONFIDENTIAL 11
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
frequency of this modulation was approximately twice the

expected frequency of the rocket rotation. Since the wave
length (2.4 inches) of the radiation is comparable with the
diameter of the rocket base (2.75 inches), and since this
radiation is largely plane polariseds the reflectivity of
the rocket base is changed as that diameter of the base
containing the two nouzles is rotated with respect to the
plane of polarisation. The rotation of the rocket about its
longitudinal axis is, therefore, considered to be the cause
of the observed modulation of the amplitude of the Doppler
signal. In addition to the modulation as a result of the
spin described above, a second amplitude modulation of the
Doppler signal was observed which had a frequency in close
agreement with the theoretical frequency of nutation of the
rocket.
The other source of measurement of spin was the
film records of the Bowen and Mitchell cameras which photo-
graphed the rocket trajectory near the end of burning.
Since the vertical width of the trail of propellant gases
is also modulated as a result of the rotation of the diameter
containing the two nozsles, the distance traveled between
alternate maxima of the trail width corresponds to one revo-
lution of the rocket. This distance was obtained from com-
parator measurements on the film and converted to travel in
feet.
The two methods described above gave results which
were in excellent agreement. Figure 4, Appendix B, is a
print of portion& of the test records showing the modulation
of the amplitude of the Doppler signal and the modulation of
the width of the propellant gas trail.
7. BALLISTIC ANALTSIS
Introduction
The basic trajectories for the T-132 rocket were computed
using a mathematical model in which perfect trailing is
assumed. The methods used in obtaining parameters for this
mathematical model, making allowances for deviations from
perfect trailing, and determining the effects of wind are the
principal subjects of this section. Various unconventional
techniques of ballistic analysis employed in this work require
CONFIDENTIAL 12
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
detailed discussion. A more concise summary of numerical

results can be found in section 8S A retrospective dis-
cussion of these techniques and the conclusions reached are
sation of the Ballistic Analysis Section is as follows:
a. The Perfect Trailing Model

Sb. Thrust Parameters and Mozsle Velocity
ýl Description of Thrust Parameters
Method of Optimising Thrust Parameters
(3 Mussle Velocity and Treatment of Non-Standard
Propellant Temperatures
c. Drag Parameters
(1) After Burning
(2) During Burning
d. Motion During Burning with Yaw
(1) The Yawing Model of Motion
(2) Thrust as a Function of Time
(3) Deflection of Velocity Vector at End of Burning
e. Range Table Formulas with Allowances for Yawing Motion
(1) Allowances for Yaw with No Wind
(a) Drift
(b) Effect of Yaw on Range and Altitude
(2) Effects of Range Wind
(a) Effect on Range and Altitude
(b) Effect on Deflection
(3) Effects of Cross Wind
(a) Effect on Deflection V
S(b)
; Effect on Range and Altitude
)Range Table Allowance for Non-Uniform Wind
f. Dispersion
g. Jump
CONFIDENTIAL 13
NPG REPORT NO, 1351
a. The Perfect Trailing Model

The idealization in the perfect trailing mathematical
model of motion is the assumption that there is no yaw and#

further# that the thrust, the aerodynamic forces and the
velocity relative to the air mass are aligned. Initial
alignment, i.e., alignment at launch, is accomplished in
this model by supposing that the axis of the round and the
direction of application of the thrust are changed so as
to lie along the direction of the actual initial velocity
relative to the air mass rather than along the launcher line.
The general equations of motion for this model are:
(7.1) (a w)aya+)( - z
Va
(7 03)A ) - W) + aj- ,.-

Va
where
x is horisontal range (yds),
wx is range wind (yds/sec),

We is cross wind (yds/sec)1
y is altitude (yds),
£ is deflection (yds),
wS is cross wind (yds/sec),
A is acceleration (yds/sec 2 ) resulting from thrust,
1ONFIDENTIAL 14
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
--- --------------------------------------------
Ya is velocity (yds/sec) of the rocket measured with

respect to the air mass,
X, it s are the components (yde/sec) of the velocity

of the rocket with respect to the ground,
g is acceleration resulting from gravity (yds/sec2 ). j

is , i are the components (yds/sec 2 ) of the acceleration
"of the rocket with respect tc the ground, and I
Ea =) C in which pg is2 ) atmospheric density
(lbs wt/yd-in
KD(Ma) is the drag coefficient for the projectile type 6.1

expressed as a function of Mach number, Me, measured with
respect to the air mass, and C is the ballistic coefficient
f (lbs/in2 ) with respect to the drag function for projectile
type 6.1.
The terms containing ax, ay• and a. aie Coriolis terms

and the a's are minus twice the components of the earth's
angular velocity. The components depend on the latitude and -
"line of fire. Specifically, A.

axa - l.4584(10 )cos L cos LOF
ay - 1.4584(lO- 4 )sin L
i.4584(i0- 4 )cos L sin LO'
a. -
These formulas give ax, a a in radians/second. In them L
represents the latitude a:d LOF represents the angle between
true north and the line of fire measured in a clockwise
direction.
The basic trajectories for range tables are integrated *1
under the conditions of no wind and no Coriolis force and with

atmospheric density and velocity of sound specified by arbi-
trary, so-called "standard" functions of altitude. The general
"CONFIDENTIAL 15
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
equations then reduce to
(7-04) = - )
v
A
(7.05) = - - g
(7.06) =o
wihO -hy (1_A di2 i
with p - aey O.7513( i)bs/yd-in h - 0.0000947469
per ydo and the velocity of sound - 1120 V1 - my ft/sec9
S- 0.0065 (-36)
per yd. The representation of the density
26839.37
and velocity of sound specified above is the one whioh defines
what is known as the present Navy ballistic standard atmosphere.
b. Thrust Parameters and Mussle Velocity

(1) Description of Thrust Parameters
A constant acceleration during burning was found to
be unrealistic. Doppler records established that the accelera-
tion versus time curve rises almost linearly with time to a
peak near burn-out, and then the acceleration decreases very '
rapidly. The corresponding thrust was obtained from these t
records rather precisely as a function of time for use in evalu-
ating the effects of yaw during burning. The thrust data are
described below in section 7d(2). For the perfect trailing
model, however, an acceleration of the simple form,
A - Clt + C2 for t < tb
and 4
A - 0
for t > tb
was chosen. The values of CI, C2 . and tb were determined for
CONFIDENTIAL 16
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
each propellant temperature, 30, 70, and 11O0F, so as to make

the calculated radial velocity and slant range at some selected
velocity end at
slanttherange
beyond
time, t., and burning,
of tc, as determined observed
match the from radial
the Doppler
records. The time tc is measured from ignition. In the two
tables below are listed, for various propellant temperatures

and days of firing, the values at time tc of
R. mean slant range (ft),
a R, standard deviation of an individual measurement of

slant range (ft),
R, mean radial velocity (ft/sec), and
a standard deviation of an individual measurement of

radial velocity (ft/sec).
Doppler Data at Time tc
Slant Range and Dispersion in Slant Range

Propellant Temperature
300F (tc - .80) 706F (to - .88) 11OF (tc .92)
Date of
Fire F (ft) a R(ft) fR(ft)
F(ft)
2-16-53 1812 239 70i

2-16-53 1842 239 701
2-19-53 1819 18
Radial Velocity and Dispersion in Radial Velooity
"Propellant Temperature
30•F (to - .80) 70OF (to - .88) 110OF (to " .92)
t-e/€ •
Date of ;(fr e*o) s oR; '€/€/,.
I) i(r//eo) aRer,'eo) a so) a¢t/ueo)
• e),,
2-18-55 2445 22 2538 12

2-18-53 24"4 6
"2-19-55 2371 25
C E 17
SrCONFIDENTIAL 17
t11
CNINIANPG REPORT NO. 1351
,CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
(2) Method of Optimising Thrust Parameters
The rounds fired at each propellant temperature h

were grouped according to the day of firing (same weather
conditions) and angle of elevation, and within one group a
first approximation to the linear acceleration was statis-
tically obtained. The intercept with the t axis of the
function Clt + C2 was obtained from this analysis and fixel.
It was necessary then to evaluate only C1 kslope) and tbo
For this purpose a grid of three values of C1 and
three values of tb (bracketing firqt approximations) were
chosen. Trajectories (one for each round) using actual
atmospheric conditions and actual rocket weights were com-
puted for each combination of the parameters Cl, C2 , and tb.
In these integrations the average initial velocity for all
rounds fired at the given propellant temperature, not the
S~average initial velocity of the group, was used. Interpo-
lation produced, for each round, a locus of points, (t , C ), !
for which the calculated radial velocity was matched w th the

*radial velocity observed with the Dopplhr equipment. Another
locus was obtained for which the calculated slant range wasr
matched with the Doppler observation of slant range. Inter-
section of these loci produced the desired value of tb and
C1 for each round. For the analysis of a typical group of
rounds with a 700F propellant temperature see Figure 5,
Appendix C.
A group to group dispersion of points (tbs C )

1
occurred, presumably resulting from dispersion in ammunition
and errors in measurements. This dispersion patterns for
70OF propellant temperatures is given in Figure 69 Appendix C.
The computed statistical range of the quantity tb was approxi-
mately that of the range of the time of peak velocity as read
from the Doppler data. Average values of tb and C1 were
"chosen. The values of acceleration (yd/seo 2 ) used were:
30OF propellant temperature, A - 3293t, 0 ' t : 0.6147
70"F propellant temperature, A !- 2302t + 345.3, 4

S0 t 5 0.6037
110OF propellant temperature, A a 2739t + 410.8,

0 6 t r 0IA450
CONFIDENTIAL 18
L!
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 13:0
For the reciprocal of the bellistic coefficient a value of

1.94 was used during burning (see section 7c(2)). (A measure
of time of burning more generally used than the above opti-
mized values is time to maximum velocity, the observed values
of which are given in Table 4, Appendix B.)
The use of these acceleration parameters resulted
in computed trajectories having range and radial velocity
after burning, at the time, tc, from ignition, which agree
with the values observed. However, the parameters are not
realistic representations of accelerations and care must be
exercised in their use. In particular# trajectories were
integrated assuming the round leaves the muzzle at the time
of ignition. Actually there is an interval of approximately
0.013 second between the time of ignition and the instant the
round leaves the muszle. The effect, then, is the absorption
in the acceleration parameters of the delay between ignition
S~~and ejection. In the consideration firings,
of air-to-air
where the drag is significantly different from that at ground
t level, the above acceleration parameters may prove inaccurate.
In fact, a redetermination of the acceleration parameters was
made for the later computation of the air-to-air trajectory
tables for the T-132 rocket.
(3) Muzzle Velocity and Treatment of Non-Standard

Propellant Temperatures
The average of the observed muzzle velocities, v-,

and the standard deviation of an individual measurement of
muszle velocity, •vo, are given for each propellant tempera-
ture in the following table:
Muzzle Velocity and Dispersion in Muzzle Velocity

• Propellant
0 vo(yd/sec)
Temperature 0o (yd/sec)
30-F 1112LU
3 3
70-F l1es W.2I

3 3
llO'F 12A1
3 3
CONFIDENTIAL 19
i
NPG REPORT NO. 3151
The preceding values of average muusle velocities

were used in computing the required anti-aircraft range
table. The individual observed values are given in Table 3,
Appendix B.
The standard propellant temperature is 70"F. An
attempt was made to simplify the fire control problem by
treating non-standard propellant temperatures as perturba-
tions in the muzsle velocity for the 700F propellant. It
was felt at the outset of this experimental calculation that
such a procedure would be acceptable only if an increment in
muzzle velocity of the same magnitude as required to pass
from 70*F propellant to 110OF propellant could be used to
pass from the 70OF propellant to the 30;F propellant. The
best such increment was Avo - ± 71.6 ft/sec for ±400F
change in propellant temperature. This value was determined
k by minimizing the sums of the squares of the departures, £
of x and y (which were computed using the 70"F propellant
parameters
the 30"F andexcept that vo
the 110OF was table
range replaced by v+
values ((O Av) from
t - 20 see). "
The resulting values of 9 are displayed below, • being
positive when the value based on vo ± Avo is in excess of

4the 30 or 110OF range table value.
t 30OF 2(y) Wx1100F e

*(sec) Ix.4a2o)fids (.Ivz.n
1 22.3 2.3 -14.6 - 1.3
2 18.3 2.6 - 5.8 - 1.0
3 1503 2.9 0.7 - 0.5
4 13.5 3.1 3.9 - 0.4
5 12.5 3.3 5.7 - 0.2
6 11.6 3.5 7.2 - 0.2
7 11.1 3.6 8.3 0
a 10.6 3.6 9.3 0.1
9 10.0 3.8 10.2 0.3
10 9.6 3.8 11.0 0.4
11 9.3 4.0 11.5 0.5
12 9.l 4.0 12.1 0.6
13 8.8 4.1 12.5 0.8
CONFIDENTIAL 20
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
Propellant Temperature (Continued)
it S(x) y 9(X) 8(y)

(see) (.vds) tds (.vdsi Iz(. I :
S14 e.6 4.1 13.0 0.9
15 8.5 4.1 13.4 1.0
":
16 8.3 4l 13,8 1.1
17 8.2 4-1 14.O 1.3
18 144 1.32
1.3
19 749 4.2 14.7 1.5
20 7,9 4.2 14.9 1.6
SWeighting the sts for the first six seconds in

time of flight twenty to one over the 8's for times of flight
of seven to twenty seconds produced a value of Avo - ± 78.1
Sft/sec for ±406F change in propellant temperature, The errors
obt-ained using this value of Avo are tabulated below.
S~Propellant Temperature
S30oF 110OF
t s(x) s(y) e(x) S(y)
4'(see) (rds) (7dalrde)
1 20.4 2.2 -12.7 - 1.2
2 14.7 2.3 - 2,2 - .7
3 10.6 2.5 5.4 - 01
4 8.1 2.6 9.3 0.1
5 6.8 2.7 11.4 0.4
6 5.7 2.8 13.1 0.5
7 4.9 2.9 14.5 0.7
4.3
48 2.9 15.6 0.8
9 3.6 3.0 16.6 1.1
10 3.1 3.0 17.5 1.2
"11 2,6 3.1 18.2 1.4
12 2.3 3.1 18.9 1.5
13 1.9 3.2 19.4 1.7
14 1.7 3.1 19.9 1.9
15 1.4 3.1 20.5 2.0
\\ - CONFIDENTIAL 21
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Propellant Temperature (Continued)

S300F 1100F
t s(x) 8(y) 8(x) (y)
(seec) IIz•L(Y.
(vds) (Yds)
16 1.2 3.0 20.9 2.2
17 1.1 3,1 21,2 2.3
18 .8 3.1 21.6 2.5
19 .6 3,1 22,0 2.6
20 .5 3.0 22.3 2,8
In view of the large size of these errors# it was considered
advisable to produce separate range tables for the 30 and
1100F propellant temperatures.
Sc. Drax Parameters
(1) After Burning

A ballistic coefficient, C, relative to the drag
function G 6 .1 was computed for the after burning period using
the formulation for a ballistic coefficient for closest
approach as given in reference (i), paragraph 9(a). The
value obtained was
1
y - 1 2.33
However, the pattern of discrepancies between the calculated
range to impact time using Y - 2.33 and the observed range
to impact time (as obtained by the Askania cine-theodolites,
Bowen camera, Mitchell cameras, etc., and for non-standard
atmospheric conditions and variations in the weights of the
rounds before burning) was unacceptably large; the values are
tabulated below.
Estimated per cent change in

t s ballistic coefficient necessary
(sec) (rds) to match observed ranges
1030' 4.0 53 7.6
2045t 7.5 33 2.6
5*30' 11.3 - 82 - 4.8
1000 t 15.4 -226 -10.3
CONFIDENTIAL 22
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
confidential NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
In the preceding table
T- TI-3v
R - average observed range corrected for non-standard

atmospheric conditions and variations in
weight, and
W(2.33) " calculated range, using 7 - 2.33 and
- angle of elevation of launcher.
The last column of the preceding table indicates
a definite monotonic variation of ballistic coefficient with
time of flight. While such a wide range of variation had
not previously been observed, variation of ballistic coeffi-
cient with time of flight for other missiles has led to the
development at the Naval Proving Ground of methods for
resolving this type of difficulty. Specifically, where i is
the form factor, mg is weight in pounds, and d is diameter
in inches, the retardation function, E (see section 7a), can
be written as
= 2
(7.07) E- pvKD(M)- pgKD(M) = - (iKD(M))

C MR m
i d
Ordirnarily, the form factor is a multiplicative constant, the
purpose of which is to generate the drag coefficient of a
specific projectile from the drag coefficient for a projectile
type. However, the above tabulation demonstrates that iKD(M), ,
where KD(M) is the drag coefficient for projectile type 6.1 1l
and i is a constant, is not a sufficiently accurate approxi- 1 i
mation to the drag coefficient for the T-132 rocket.
A least squares iterative technique has been
developed at the Naval Proving Ground for obtaining a form
factor which is a polynomial in Mach number squared; this
technique was used to resolve the above difficulty encountered
in estimating the drag. A considerable amount of computation
is required to optimise each parameter of a polynomial form
factor and, because of time limitations, it was decided to use
a form factor which was linear in Mach number squared. Where
CONFIDENTIAL 23
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
M is Mach number, this form factor gives

-
i
1
id2
C mg
S~the polynomial form
i•y % + alM2
ao
A value of y was sought which would minimize the squares of

"the percentage errors in slant range. The longest time of
flight for which observations had been taken, 15.4 seconds,
is well outside the tactical range. Moreover, the accuracy
of measurements at this condition (based only on fragmentary
radar data) was questionable, so it was not known how much
weight this condition should be given in the determination
of y • Thus, for purposes of an exploratory investigation,
two yts were obtained:
"(a) using observations of slant range at times of
4.0, 7.5, 11.3 seconds, and
(b) using observations of slant range at times of
S4.0, 7-59 11i .3 and-lS.4 seconds* •
These are referred to as and Y(4), respectively.
•' ~Discrepancies associated with each are listed below:
S(3) 3.025 - 0.233M2 y(4) 3,196 - 0.281M2
(see_ __(()) -. 0R 30
__
R- (4)
ysed . 0)
4.0 -7 yd 1.0%C) 4.0 -15 yd - 2.1%C)
"7.5 25 yd 2,0%C) 7.5 30 yd 2.5%C)
11.3 -15 yd 0.9%C) 11.3 9 yd 0 .5%C)
15.4 -69 yd - 3.2%C) 15.4 -25 yd (- 1.lC)
(Numbers in parenthese indicate discrepancies in units of
per cent change in ballistic coefficient.)
While the use of y may be acceptable within the A

tactical range, the resulting error at t - 15.4 seconds is
quite large. The use of y(4), on the other hand, sacrifices
too much in the tactical range in order to obtain a small
CONFIDENTIAL 24
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
error at t - 15.4 second-s For these reasons, a compromise

y=
+ y(4) = 3.1I - 0.-257M2 ((3)
2
- -- -- -- -4.0-- -1 -d --1.--4% C)----
was madei the discrepancies tabulated below resultedi
t t
i so -10 yd (-1.4%C)
5
s7r 2 9 yd ( 12i3%C) s
tth i 15.4 --452 yd i
ydcf (-2.30) vrmCo
: This
tactical valuerange
of yandappears nearly as good
is considerably as than-
better y the t
fo1)for use1
in extrapolations to longer times of flight. This is therd
r
value of y used in the after-bu-ning
~~tory in the range table computations. portion of each traJed - '•
SThe above-optimization was carried out for the
Sstandard propellant temperature of 700Fe A study of non-
;=standard propellant temperatures, 30 and 1100F. indicates
•. that the optimum constant ballistic coefficient varied mono-
S~tonically with propellant temperature (at least for the two"
'• ~times of flight at which data are available). The residuals#
/ ~using Y defined as a linear function of M2. also varied i
monotonically with propellant temperature but in reverse
order from the variation for a constant Y for temperatures
of 30 and 700F. The residuals for both values of Y are
shown below.
S• =-1- B23.a = - -. RI zn,
t
--00-70OF
)F 110OF 30°F 70c? 1100F
4.0 51$y 63$y 64$y 9$y -10$y -15 yd
7.5 27$y 33$y 52$y 40$y 29$yd 22$y
Since after burning, drag is not expected to vary with pro-

pellant temperature, the variation noted here is attributed
to difficulties in obtaining the correct drag.
CONFIDENTIAL 25
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
I SThe
(2)
During Burning
use of a y , during burning, which is a linear
function of 12, would be an unnecessary complication. Over
a short period of time a small error in drag has a very small
on the
effect for
value trajectory.the Moreover,
ysimplifies optimization of aacceleration
the ot.,sthe constant *
parameters Tsee section 7b(2) . In addition, the thrust data1
which were required before a linear form factor could be de-
termined, were not available. On the other hand, Y - 2.33,
the best constant after burning, is not the value best suited
for use during burning since it is based on the mass of the
rocket after burning. It was sufficient, however, to adjust
the value of 2.33 for the difference in the average of the
mass before and after burning. This gave a value of y - 1.94
for use during burning.
d. Motion Durina Burning with Yaw

(1) The Yawing Model of Motion
The perfect trailing mathematical model of motion

as given in section 7a, using the parameters as described in
sections 7b and 7c, provided the basic trajectories needed
for the anti-aircraft range table. However, that model does
not adequately represent some of the aspects of the physical
motion. In particular, since thrust is directed along the
rocket axis, an accurate model for the burning period must
take full account of the angular motion of the rocket axis.
A mathematical model which takes into account such phenomena
is called a yawing model of motion. In such a model, a system
of differential equations in the translational and angular
coordinates of the rocket is integrated. The equations used
* in this work take account of an aerodynamic force and moment
system dependent on yaw, and also take account of thrust as
a realistic function of time. The solutions of these equa-
tions of motion with yaw are referred, to as rigid body trajec-
tories, as opposed to particle trajectories. The rigid body
trajectories integrated in this investigation were all termi-
nated at the end of burning since yaw after burn-out is of
less consequence. However, the effect of yawing motion during
burning on the remaining portion of the trajectory was computed
K. by formulas, described in section 7e, which use the differences,
given in section 7d(3), between the direction of the velocity
vector at burn-out in rigid body trajectories and the direction
! CONFIDENTIAL 26
I.
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
of the velocity vector in perfect trailing trajectories.

The effect of yaw after burn-out on deflection, out of the
plane of the trajectory, was calculated for the range table
by the yaw of repose theory, as discussed in section 7e(l).
In the rigid body equations of motion, account was
taken of the following forces:
(a) thrust as a realistic function of time,
(b) axial drag,
(c) aerodynamic normal force, and
(d) gravity;
K and of the following torques:
(a) axial torque resulting from the canted nossles

of the rocket motor,
(b) aerodynamic overturning torque,

S(c) aerod~ynamic spin damping torque, and
S(d) aerodynamic and jet cross-spin damping torques.
The equations are formulated so as to allow for variation

du, .ng burning of:
T(a) mass,s an
S(b) center of gravity, and
(c) tr,-va- e moment of inertia.
The axial moment of .. -tia is treated as constant.
It will be noted that the Magnus force and the

Magnus torque were neglected, indication being that large
yaws are not involved in actual flight. Crcss-spin damping
is included in the torque equations though its associated
force, cross-spin force, was neglected in the force equa-
tions, Tip-off effects due to transverse components of
gravity and wind during the time in which only part of the
rocket is free of the launcher were neglected.
CONFIDENTIAL 27
CONFIDENTIAL
INPG REPORT NO.
NAVORD REPORT NO.

1351
1340
Other than these exceptions, the equations used

were essentially those developed at the Naval Ordnance Test
Station and presented in reference (J). A list of the equa-
tions and further information about the symbols, coordinate
system, and parameters used will be found in Tables 7, 8,
and 9 and Figure 7, Appendix D. Any assumptions not speci-
fically discussed above will be apparent upon consulting
Tables 7 and 9.
"(2) Thrust as a Function of Time
The process of determining the rigid body motion

required some searching for proper parameters. In particular,
the deflection of the velocity vector during burning due to
cross wind proved to be sensitive to the form of the thrust
curve. The deflections were examined for a constant thrust,
T a 418.76 lbs, and for a linear thrust, T - 733t + 198.86
lbs. The linear thrust was chosen so that the impulse re-
sulting therefrom would match exactly the total impulse
derived from the constant thrust and also so that the acceler-
ations resulting therefrom would approximately match those
determined from th. Doppler data. However, the results
obtained when using the two sets of thrust data were appre-
ciably different (see Figure 8, Appendix E). This indicated
the desirability of a more refined determination of the actual
dynamic thrust.
Data from the Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph were

found to be adequate for this purpose. Data from four rounds
(70OF propellant temperature) fired on 16 February 1953 appeared
at first to vary radically (see Figure 9, Appendix E). However,
when normalized, i.e., when velocities for each round were
divided by the maximum velocity, and when times were divided
by the time at maximum velocity, data for the four rounds
matched quite well (see Figure 10, Appendix E). These normal-
ised velocities were averaged and the original velocity and
time units were restored by multiplying the normalized
data by the average maximum velocity and the average time at
"maximum velocity.
Two basic formulas
(7.08) T= m(; + B(m)v + g sin r]
CONFIDENTIAL 28
NPG REPORT NO* 1351
"and
(7.09) a -- (1/vg)T
(where dots indicate differentiation with respect to time)
give the differential equation
(7.10) + (V * Din ) - -)m E(m )v
where
mo - mass before burning, and
v -gas velocity.
It is to be noted that m E(m 0 ) = mE(m) because mE(m)v - aero-

dynam c drag, which is independent of as In fact, mE(m)
0= PdIVKD, using the notation of section 7(a) and using d
for the diameter of the rocket.
The solution of equation (7.10) is
,(v [i (tvmoev'+OR (sin ( v

(7.11) m= V VE(MO)e dt)/v
where
T - the dynamic thrust (the function being sought),
v - velocity of the average round after the averaging

procedure discusser, above,
t - time measured from ignition,
- acceleration obtained by a five point formula fror.
Doppler velocity data,
1(m) a E determined for mass m,
&g acceleration of gravity at Dahlgren (32.154 ft/sec 2 ),

and
- angle of elevation.
CONFIDENTIAL 29
4.2
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
Upon substituting after-burning conditions in

equation (7.11)v v was determined by successive approxi-
mations where a fifst approximation, V ., was available
from an approximate solution of equatign (7.09). This
approximation is
i mo+ + mb(vb -vo)
-2
S~Vg
Smo-mb
where mb is mass after burning, vo and vb are velocity before
and after burning, respectively. Knowing v , m versus time
was then computed using equation (7.11), an& T versus time
was computed from equation (7.08). A fit was applied to T
using an eighth degree polynomial in time. The available
rigid body coding for the electronic calculators restricted
the degree to eight, though the accuracy could be slightly
improved by a higher degree fit. Comparisons of the constant,
linear, and dynamic thrusts used are given in Figure 11,
Appendix B. Comparisons of the difference in cross wind
effect using these thrust data are given in Figure 8, Appen-
dix E, though final values of wind effects were computed
using a more accurate (larger) value of spin than was avail-
able in the earlier work. A graph of mass versus time is
presented in Figure 12, Appendix E. Static thrust, including
data obtained from the Thiokol Corporation, reference (h),
are presented for comparison purposes in Figure 13, Appen-
dix 3. Impulse from the static thrust was 263 lb-sec and
impulse from the dynamic thrust was 260 lb-sec, though times
"of burning were considerably different.
It is believed that the equations used above- account
for all variables which could appreciably influence the thrust
determination. In particularp variation of ballistic coeffi-
cient with mass is accounted for and the effect of gravity is
included. However, an average value of the term g sin • was
used in analyzing the data on the four pertinent rounds, and
the ballistic coefficient was assumed to be constant with *
respect to velocity, i.e., a form factor depending on Mach

number was not used. For times of flight greater than 0.58
second, the remaining thrust is extremely small. In the pro-
4 cess of curve fitting, the portion of the thrust curve beyond
t - 0.58 second was determined and the fitted value of thrust
CONFIDENTIAL 30
14
"Ii NPG REPORT NO. 1351
up to t - 0.58 second was scaled up to gi%9 a total impulse

equal to the observed impulse. The dynamic thrust curve
was taken to be this scaled value up to t - 0.58 second,
and as zero beyond t - 0.58 second. Rigid body trajectory
integrations were then continued with zero thrust from t
t - 0.58 second to the range table time of burning for the
70"F propellant temperature, that is to 0.6037 second.
Determination of mass of the rocket at the muzzle
was not considered to be worth the effort required. The
thrust used in the computations is based upon the assumption
that no mass is expended in the barrel; the consequent error
in impulse has been estimated to be less than 0.3%. The
rigid body solutions are not sensitive to such a small error
of this type, and in any case the thrust is believed to be
much more accurate than many of the other rigid body para-
meters used in the calculations. The dynamic thrust must
be used and interpreted in the same manner as the acceler-
ation parameters (see section 7b(2)) in that the times are
interpreted as times from ignition, while for the purpose
of computation, it is assumed that the rocket leaves the
muzzle of the launcher when time equals zero.
The rigid body parameters in Table 9, Appendix Do
are those used with the dynamic thrust.
(3) Deflection of Velocity Vector at End of Burning
As indicated in section 7d(l), rigid body trajec-

tories were integrated to take proper account of the angular
motion of the rocket axis during burning and, in particular,
to obtain corrections at the end of burning to the direction
of motion as computed from the perfect trailing model. The
corrections were obtained at the cost of only two rigid body1
integrations. This will now be explained.
First, it is noted that if there were no launching

disturbance (and therefore no jump) and if there were no com-
ponents of wind and gravity normal to the launcher line, there
would be no initial yaw, no initial yaw rate, and no forces
or torques to produce yaw. The yawing and perfect trailing
models of motion would then be identical. For present purposes
jump is assumed to be zero, the problem of correcting for jump
being discussed later in section 7g. In this section, it is
CONFIDENTIAL
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
assumed that corrections to the direction of motion at the

end of burning, in the perfect trailing model of motions are
needed only as a result of (1) the normal component (g cos qi)
of gravity and (2) the normal components (w sin v and w.)
of wind. The direction angles to be correc-ted are the
inclination
: t an-i b•
of the tan ent at the end of burning, and the lateral deflec-
tion, (i/v b' of the tangent at the end of burning.

If a function Fb of g cos Tp wx sin 4). and wS be • .
represented by a truncated Taylor series, one has approximately
(7.12) Fb(g sin 4 = wx sin 4 = wz = 0) + ( b )R cos009
+- F ,)wX sin T+ (-ý-)w •

awx sin awz z
. Here the various derivatives are evaluated for g cos T wX

sin (P- w. - 0, and any dependence on g sin q and w cos q is
neglected. There is a similar equation for FbTr where Tr
stands for the trailing model of motion. Inserting i/v in
the parentheses of equation (7.12) and the corresponding
trailing equation and repeating with 6 inserted in the
parentheses, one has
= (~b 0___ bO
Vo O Cos ((
-(.)b ( b
in p
BX
8wx sin ( 8wx sin (p)frw 1
. a(!)b oZb ,
+ V
0Wz Twz- rW
CONFIDENTIAL 32
- I
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO* 1340
8
be 86
*1(713 6 6 bTr-
b (-r S T~
bro W ]
80 b Vb 8 b v
difrn wice asinil be shown belw, .sn
Using theme relationships and defining
1=9C 3(P 8 g coo Tr
C v b w Tr~
3 - a wS aw. T
80b
be
9-(w1 sin 4 .snFT
vb ( v~b -vb v
Ow. sin q w i p8w i
80 80b 80b
* M- -rwT I a w.
CONFIDENTIAL 33
Al
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
and using the fact that
OR co ; RcoomT
is negligible (see equation (7.17) and section 7e(l)(b))#

it is possible to write equations (7.13) in the form
()b" (-b.Tr = C1 CO08- C4 wx sin ; - C3wx
(7.14) - i Tr C3 wi -sin v - C4 wz '91
The validity of
sin i 8 w,
OWz
can be seen by observing that both
a(- h 7)
in
a d8wz
b
are the derivatives with respect to a normal component of .

winds of the ahjle through which the tangent to the trajec-
tory is deflected in the direction of the normal component
of wind. Similarly,
Oee and
wz 8Ow. sin c
are both the derivatives of the angle through which the

tangent to the trajectory is deflected in the direction of
the vector product of the launcher line vector times the
wind vector. To evaluate the C's, one rigid body trajectory
E 3
4~
C
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
was integrated with gravity and no wind for 0 and

- 0,
another was integrated with cross wind (w. - 40 knots) and
no gravity for 4 - 0. The corresponding trailing solutions
were readily obtained by integration of the much simpler
equations of the trailing model, which were adjusted to pro-
duce the same velocity at end of burning (Vb) as the yawing
model. The trailing trajectory with cross wind was computed
for (P- 900 instead of 00, so that y in the trailing tra-
jectory corresponded to x in the rigid body trajectory, and
also wx rather than w. was made equal to 40 knots so that x
in the trailing trajectory corresponded to s in the rigid
body trajectory. Actually, there is a simple analytic ex-
pression in the perfect trailing model for deflection in the
case of cross wind. Thus, the general equations of section
7a without the Coriolis terms yield
- A
(7.15) -a x
z-w 3 va
Integrating, one obtains
and therefore
(7.16) (i/v)b.Tr = ~) w.(Vb -

Vb vbxo vo,
Results obtained by the application of this formula

were in good agreement with the results of the trajectories
integrated for perfect trailing with cross wind considered.
CONFIDENTIAL 35
|a
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
---
It was found that
(7.17) g[C )I
b - ()b, Tr0.W
T
(1c)sTr 0.03 degree
CBT=0 =0
0.0005 radian
(7.18) b (zvb) b T I ()b )b, O.O017 radian -0 radian
.8Ccos- Bg08(PX(
•c C =0 X•V=0 : '
=0.0017 radian
-1
•...
~~8W --- OW,
;-,,=-4"-01(7)b, 10(!-)
O00 1ooe0-.o08 -o0.
1 079
K. (7.19) C3= - [8(/ lb( '( V )Tlb ;"
wz=40
W
. qi=0
x bv
= O. 0028 rad/lO0 kts
(7 20) 4= - )Tr] 0.0146 radian/100 knots

aw X40
W=Z ,=
(An equal sign with a dot over it means "approximately

equals.")
Two other CIs are also used in the range table

"formulas of section 7e. They are
C2 - drift coefficient after burning
(see section 7e(l)), and
• •8(!)b b%
•(7.21)
'. ',; (721) C
C5 - wz - 8wxsinvPj 0.085 radian/100 knots •
CONFIDENTIAL 3':
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
eo Ranne Table Formulas with Allowances for Yawing Motion

(1) Allowances for Yaw with No Wind
(a) Drift
Under no wind conditions# there is at the end
of burning a small lateral deflection of the direction of
motion as noted above in section 7d(3). which results from
yawing motion. After burning# still under no wind conditions*
there is also a yawing motion which leads to forces normal
to the trajectory. Since in the after burning period there
is no thrust and the spin is more nearly constant, the motion
is estimated using classical theory without rigid body inte- 5
g-ationso The average aerodynamic normal force is directed
tý the right of the plane of fire if the spin is right-handed
k aid the moment of the normal forces is overturning. This
produces. a right drift. The theory of drift has been given
by MoShaneq Kelley, and Reno (reference (k)), by Moulton
(reference (•1), and by Fowler, Gallop, Lock, and Richmond
(reference 0i)) In their various developments of the theory
simplifying assumptions are made after very complex analyses.
It perhaps gives more insight into the theory if the simpli-
fying assumptions are made at the outset, as will now be done.
Instead of considering the actual oscillatory
yaw, one considers the mean yaw estimated using the yaw of
repose theory. The latter is a yaw of such amplitude and
orientation as to be aerodynamically compatible with the time
,* rate of change,* , of the inclination of the trajectory.
For constant • , consider a reference frame turning with an
angular velocity, b . about the £ axis. The shell axis and
the angular momentum vector, H. would be invariant in this
frame. The time rate of change, A. of H with respect to an
inertial frame, would then be the vector product of the
angular velocity vector, 6e , of the reference frame and
the vector H, ea being a unit vector tarallel to the s axis.
Thus,,
(7.22) ~ibe 2 XH
Since the z axis is approximately normal to the shell axisJ
one has approximately
(7.23) H ANeI + Bez /
CONFIDENTIAL 37
4IV
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
el being a unit vector parallel to the shell axiss N being

the spin, and A and B being moments of inertia about the
longitudinal and transverse axes. Whence
(7.24) H = 0e X H = ANbez X ei
This equals the torque on the shell due to the aerodynamic

normal forces. If the only aerodynamic torque considered to
be acting is the overturning torques the axis of this moment
must be normal to the s axis since it lies along the vector
•s x el. The plane of yaws which is normal to the axis of
the overturning moment, must accordingly contain the z axis.
Thus the yaw of repose is to the right or left. Resolving
the moment vector along es x el, one finds
(7.25) AN =- pv-d3K sin 8r
wheresK is the overturning moment coefficient and br is the

yaw of repose, being positive to the right. The effect of
this lateral yaw on Ehe deflection of the trajectory is given
by the differential equation
=' •• (7.26) S' -E; + 1 pv d2K s.r
KL being the aerodynamic lift coefficient& Eliminating sin br

Ssection from these
`it)#twotheequations
differential and replacing
equation -E
for with 7/x (see
z becomes
S( 7.27) - A- !
X mdKM
Considering x. x, and x to be known functionq of time and.

remembering that tan 8--/ and therefore gX/V 2 ,
this differential equation has the solution
SAa~ft • t N_ td
(7.28) z= Zb + (- xb) +- tb _2 /
xb md tb tbTK#A
"" CONFIDENTIAL 38
4 .\.
p
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
--------------- m---------------------- ---------------------------
the subscripts "b" indicating evaluation at the end of
burning. Essentially this result is attributed to Mayevski
by Fowler, Gallop, Lock, and Richmond. It is also the last
equation of the Kelley-McShane report of reference (n).
Upon integration by parts, assuming the spin

N and the ratio KL/KM of aerodynamic coefficients do not
vary and that
Zb l
is negligible, and noting that

lb
-)= =C
xb vb cos9
the equation for drift becomes
:o(7.29) z =C11j + C:2{Xd T-2d_ t vg• dt)
":,. which is the formula by which drift was computed for the ;
T-132 range table. Here C2 , the drift constant, is theo-
retically an average value of
4. AgNKL
MdKM
Actually, C2 was determined from observed values of drift

since, as with many projectiles, the observations were not
consistent with the theoretical value of C2 . By observed
values of drift is meant observed deflections corrected for
wind, Coriolis force, and lateral jump. The lateral jump,
however, was negligible in the data used (see section 7g).
Since dispersion of the observed drift was large, as can be
seen in the table below, a value
2 286.5 yd /s
CONFIDENTIAL 39
• ?, • • .•, ....'*•,• .... ,./• . . .. • - •,==[ • •' _

NPG REPORT NO. 1351]
---------------------------------------------------------- ---------
which minimises the sum of the squares of the differences
between the measured and computed values of drift (expressed
as a percentage of horisontal range) was used in preparing
the range table. In this computation the observed values
of drift at four seconds time of flight were neglected.
These values were obtained in the firings of the first phase
(described in section 5a), which gave an unexplained lateral
displacement as compared with results obtained in the second
phase of firing. 2 The theoretical value of C2. indicated
"above# is 554 Yd /sec•
Drift was required in the range table only for
the 70OF propellant temperature; therefore, only 70OF obser-
vations were used to obtain C2 . However, drift for 30 and
110OF propellant temperatures was obtained from observed and
corrected deflections and there may be interest in the dis-
crepancies between these values and the computed values for
the propellant temperature of 70OF. Using the notation
- sa* S (observed, corrected) -z (range table)
the following is a table of s. the mean measured value of

drift for each conditions a _, the standard deviation of the
measured drift, and a., the mean discrepancy in drift.
/' Drift of the T-132 Rocket
Approximate Propellant 2 z 6z
Time of Flight Temperature
44see OF Yds Tdo rds.
4 70 1.3 ±16-4.7
7.5 70 19.0 ±4.6 18
11.5 70 39.1 ±9.2 -1.6 J
4 30 0.5 ±2•9 -5.8 4
7.5 30 14,.2 ±2.7 -3.2
11.5 NOT OBSERVED
4 110 1.6 ±2•1 -4.6
7.5 110 25.4 ±4.3 6.8
11 5 NOT OBSERVED
CONFIDENTIAL 40 j
NPG REPORT NO. 13513
(b) Effect of Yaw on Range and Altitude
The rigid body trajectory integrated with no

wind, g - 32.2 ft/sec' and ( - 0, yielded a value of
eb Vb/ib = -0. 660
The perfect trailing trajectory integrated for the same

conditions yielded a value of
0= -. 63°
The difference between these quantities is much smaller than

the dispersion in e from round to round. For other values
of T.# the component of g, normal to the launcher line,
would be smaller and the difference between values of Ob
S, yawing andcorrection
Thus, no 6 b trailing would
of the be less
perfect than 0.03
trailing degree. was
trajectories
necessary to take account of the effect of gravity on eb.
This result was anticipated.
(2) Effects of Range Wind
(a) Effect on Range and Altitude

Let I a be the inclination at the mussle of
the trajectory relative to the air mass, and let xa be the
horisontal distance in the moving air along the line of fire.
Then
Xa = -x wxt
"and
( aA)" ( a +
8
a!x aWxa wx aro a OWx0 "
For the model which yaws during burning, it is assumed that

e
the effective ia is the true Ta + (:a,b) - ( 0 ab)Tr
CONFIDENTIAL 41
7. "
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
Thus
:Z= w 8w=a a 8
(.0 8w )a x x 8Wx Ovo,a Owx
"But
(=AwO
S8-
-V (e sinS ,
which can be verified by differentiating

tan -
S~and
with.respect to w taking into acoount that i and • depend

on Wx0 In S.
partiouxi-r.
•"8a _7sin q
S8wx vo
0since
-" at t O. Similarly..
= -o s
"is verified by differentiating
Vo = (ia _ w) 2 +
CONFIDENTIAL 42
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
------------------------------------------------------------------
Substituting from equation (7.30) for
ftxa ftLn +(I! sn OWXsn0a
1f-
t- =:-:A
8o_+ V-- + awwwx-+ O) Tr+
8t'WA h, 00osu)+t
-8. 'a vo (W x vb OVo. a
or
Ox
awx- x
(7-31) 8731 vo1 + C3 )sin o -
ax
iv
- cos T + t
Here sine b - sin b Tr is negligible for 0 - O, as noted

in section 7e(1)(b).* Also, all derivatives are evaluated a
at w 0, where xa = x and 0a - T. Similarly,
i8y ay e + Bo'
y (1
(7.32) Cos +, ++ Co
Cs s n
si e.
These two equations, appropriately modified for the units

of the range tables are those used to tabulate
O_.x a-ya--
A
(see Appendix G).
(b) Effect on Deflection
The azimuth of motion at the end of burning
is the asimuth of the line of fire plus
xbI
For the rate of change of azimuth with respect to Wx# one
CONFIDENTIAL 411
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
has then, since ( is independent of wxv
xx
fC
0
having the definition given in
C4 is 0.0146 radians/i0O knots.
section 7d(3). The value
Since the derivative
indicated on the left-hand side of equation (7.33) is to be1
evaluated at wx ! 0,0 the right-hand side becomes - C 4 tan y,
if 4 < 900. Therefore, to correct for deflection resulting
from range wind, the asimuth of the line of fire must be
increased by an amount 0.0146 wx tan 0 radians, w. being in
hundreds of knots and 9 having a value such as to make tan q
finite. This correction appears as a note accompanying the
range table (Appendlx G).
Effects of Cross Wind S(3)

(a) Effect on Deflection
As previously discussed (section 7d(l)), motion
during burning is sensitive to the yaw. When there is no
thrust, a perfect trailing model trajectory is adequate for
computing the effects of cross wind. For the T-132 rocket,
the effect of a cross wind on deflection is computed therefore '
from the particle trajectory from the end of burning, the

conditions at the end of burning having been computed by
rigid body integrations.
The perfect trailing differential equation for

z with cross wind w. is
Ta Z ZI
CONFIDENTIAL 44
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
Th. solution for mo - So 0 is
and
xo
To obtain s based on yawing motion during burning and perfect p

trailing thereafter, consider the expansion for 2 - sTr as a
power series in x - xb. It is first noted that, for x > xbo
z
,X
assuming that, for t > t and x are not appreciably

affected by yawing when < tb. Therefore, the higher
derivatives of s - sTr with respect to x are considered to
vanish. The expansion is then
, 'b - sbTr + - xb)(dx)b (-d)b,Tr,

Whence, after dropping *b - Xb(d)b z
dx an b.Tr xb dx b,,Tr
Tr ~
-~ LJbr q
CONFIDENTIAL 45
-I - -. =,
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
Differentiating
t - -X + X [()b - ),Tr
or
as_
(7-35) -- t-( 3 )x sec0P

+C
using
C3 = [(8)b
O• t Tr- •0"4108
OWZ T
as defined in section 7d(3), and assuming Yw to be

negligible* This formulas properly modifiedto yield s in
yards where the w3 unit is 100 knots, is used to compute
deflection due to cross wind for range tables (see
Appendix G).
The perfect trailing term in C3 when deter-
mined in closed form from the equation
wo!
mTr-w,(l -a xo !
agreed quite satisfactorily with the value obtained from an

integrated trajectory; in units used for the range table
C3 * 0.0028 radian/IOO knots.
(b) Effect on Range and Altitude
The deflection effect given in equation (7.35)

is the only effect of a cross wind tabulated in the range
table. However, a cross wind during burning (whether a uni-
form wind or one applicable only during burning) will, because
of the spinning of the rocket and the consequent precessional
motion, cause a windage jump and therefore affect x and y.
CONFIDENTIAL 46
_ _ _ _ _ _
.~ j-'.
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
------------------------------------------------
rI
Continued cross wind after the end of burning has negligible
effect on x and y. Thus, the windage jump (effect on angle
of departure) can be generated by multiplying
iI
•, pj ~awz
by the indicated wind. This value, since it does not involve

the effects of gravity, is independent of the angle of
elevation* Therefore, with C4 defined to be
S_^ = - ( ) = 0.0146 radian/100 knots
(computed from a rigid body trajectory, section 7d(3)), one i

must correct for this effect of a cross wind by increasing
the angle of elevation by the amount C 4 w. radians, where the
w. unit is 100 knots. This correction appears as a note
accompanying the range table (see Appendix 0).
p
(4) Range Table Allowance for Non-Uniform Wind
The formulas given in sections 7e(2) and 7e(3) for
range wind effect on x and y and for cross wind effect on
deflection asaume that the wind is uniform. A uniform wind I -
should be interpreted to represent some type of average of

the actual winds prevailing, and it must be noted that no
specification is made as to how a uniform wind is to be com-
puted. (To do so, weighting factors would be needed.) But
if wind after burning differs from wind during burning (which
plays the more important role), the two must be treated sepa-
rately, as suggested in the notes to the tables (Appendix G).
This case may easily occur if wind varies markedly with the
"altitude of the rocket. Note also that formulas given in
sections 7e(2) and 7e(3) for range wind effect on deflection
and for cross wind effect on x and y involve only wind during
burning. Consequentlyp non-uniform winds do not affect these
formulas.
The notes accompanying the range table (Appendix G)
recommend that in the event the rocket trajectory is subjected
to a non-uniform wind, the wind effects be obtained from the
"tables (which employed the formulas of sections 7e(2) and
7e(3)) using the ballistic wind determined from the wind
acting during the after-burning portion of the trajectory.
CONFIDENTIAL 47
• . . '. . . ... • .. . • .... . ." "... -- " ,- •- Ij : - lIl~l• •

NPG REPORT NO. 1351.
In addition, the angle of elevation and auimuth angle should

be corrected for the effect of the differential wind during
burning, i.e., the wind whose range component is range wind
during burning minus ballistic range wind after burning, and
whose cross component is cross wind during burning minus
ballistic cross wind after burning. The effect of the dif-
ferential range wind component on angle of elevation can be
obtained immediately assuming that
It in seen
defined in that thisUd(3)
section can be expressed in terms of C5 an
C5 thi siten rsawo 5a
Giving
(7.36) !8 C5 sin f
8WX
C5 - 0.084 radian per 100 knots. Hence, the effect of each

100 knots of range wind during burning in excess of ballistic
range wind after burning is to increase the angle of elevation
by the amount C5 sin T radians or 180/R C5 sin 0 degrees. The
correction to the eight angle necessary to score a hit is the
negative of this quantity. This formula is quoted in the
notes to the range table incorrectly as 180t C3 sin (. A
"Change 1" to the range table, correcting the formula to read
'o C
5 sin q
is being prepared by the Bureau of Ordnance in accordance

with reference (o) which corrects a similar error in the
formula for the effect of differential cross wind on deflec-
tion. This latter formula can be obtained immediately.
CONFIDENTIAL 48
I -U
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
From
C5 = - -X:
8WZ
as given above, and from
vb = Ib(sec G)b ib sec T

it follows that
(37) - C5 sec
Hence, the effect of each 100 knots of cross wind (blowing

from left to right) during burning, in excess of ballistic
cross wind after burning# is to decrease the asimuth of the
launcher by the amount
C5 sec q radians
This formula will be given in the notes accompanying the
, . range
in Appendix after Change 1 is
table Go entered in the form indicated
The adjustment of v necessary to compensate for

a range wind during burning, ?n excess of ballistic range
wind, has also been examined. Using
0(=Ab) -0 + %'o+R -- f=o=

- o- + (cos eb)W=O
8w, w- v oa ax cqa aw
and
=0 (cos Ob)Wx0 - cos,
8O•a
CONFIDENTIAL 49
NPG REPORT NO. 1351

-----------------------------------------------------------------
the formula
S(i - cos ,
Orc(effective) = bu_ iv. o
avo vo
was derived* This formula, properly modified for range table

units, can be applied to assess the necessary correction to
initial velocity for a wind during burning in excess of the
uniform wind* However, consideration of extreme plausible
differences between the burning and after burning winds has
indicated that the correction is an insignificant one. A ten
knot difference, for example, at T- O, would result in a
correction to velocity at the end of burning of about four
feet per second and this is hardly significant considering
S~Appendix B).
o
observed dispersions in maximum velocity (see Table 4,
-- It should be noted that all wind effects quoted

here and in the range table, as well as all other effects due
* to non-standard ballistic conditions, are given for 70OF
propellant temperature only, although the basic AA trajectory
data (sight anEle and time of flight versus slant range and
position angle) were determined for 30, 70, and 110OF propel-
lant temperatures.
f. Dispersion
The total number of rounds fired at any given angle of

elevation and propellant temperature was not sufficiently
large to afford reliable dispersion data; available measure-
ments indicate a dispersion in range to surface which is
"monotonic decreasing with time of flight (Figures 14-21,
"Appendix F). While it is not impossible that at burn-out
the velocity, ballistic coefficient, range, and their re-
spective dispersions could be so related as to produce such
a result, no reasonable explanation withstood numerical ,
investigation.
Observed impact patterns, corrected for atmospheric
conditions and projectile mass before burning, for each angle ,
of elevation and propellant temperature fired are given in
Figures 14-21, Appendix F. For evaluation purposes, the
effect of 1% change in density and of 0.1 second change in
CONFIDENTIAL 50
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
-- i-
time of flight, as well as other differential effects, are
included for 70"F propellant temperature. In Figure 17,
Appendix F, slant range is used instead of x and y coordi-
nates because the observations consisted only of radar
range versus time.
Examination of the scatter diagrams will show that two
rounds fell far outside any reasonable limits in horizontal
range. These rounds are marked "mavericks" and were con-
sidered too wild for use in the basic range table analysis.
They were Round 2, 709F propellant temperature, 1 - 503Ot'
fired 20 February 1953; and Round 4, 30OF propellant tem-
perature,, - 1030', fired 26 January 1953.
Rounds 2, 3, and 5, 70OF propellant temperature,
S- 5*30t, fired 20 February 1953, fell outside any reason-
able limits in deflection and were excluded from the drift
!•. analysis. propellant
~standard For reasons indicated in
temperatures and paragraph 7e(l)(a),
short times non-
of flight
( -130 were not used in the drift analysis* For
drift dispersion figures see section 7e(1)(a). See Table 6,
Appendix B, for a summary of observed data.
The bias in y shown in Figures 15, 16, 19, and 21,
Appendix F. is attributable to jump which is discussed in
the following paragraphs.
It should be noted that the observed impact positions,

when firing from the launcher installed on the modified 4-
inch gun mount (Figure 2, Appendix A), were about 15 mils
above the range table trajectories for the actual elevation
angles of the launcher. This is shown in Figures 15, 16,
19, and 21, Appendix F. The discrepancies are attributable
to jump, which was confirmed by data showing the rocket
height at the end of burning and also by special jump firings.
These results are described below. Such discrepancies at
impact did not arise when firing from the launcher installed
on the box mount and in that case more complete data obtained
at the end of burning (section 6b(3) and Table 5, Appendix B)
indicated that jump was not in excess of five minutes (com-
pare Table 5, Appendix B, with values in equation (7.17)).
For the service mount, the determination of jump must, of
course, await development of the mount.,
CONFIDENTIAL 51.
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
The usual definition of jump means little for this

weapon. As with other rockets, the complex helical motion
during burning focuses attention not upon the angle at which
the rocket leaves the barrel but upon the direction of the
velocity vector at the end of burning. If this direction
(and, of course, position of the rocket at burn-out) is well
determined, motion after burning is predictable.
Let (0 # s) represent the angles which the velocity

vector at thi endso? burning makes with the xz and xy planes,
respectively, the y-axis being upward and the s-axis to the
right. Jump, then, is defined as ( y 0 s)bb observed,
minus the value of ( _ e )- which would occur if there
were no launching disturbance.
kr
In the special jump test (section 6a(2)) of the modified
4-inch gun mount, measurements of altitude and deflection
were taken from two targets bracketing the end of burning in
order to estimate the direction of the velocity vector at end
of burning. Because the angles involved are small, let
(A) inclination of the velocity vector with

dx obs respect to the launcher line, observed by
9: means of the two target impacts;
4 (AZ) - inclination of the velocity vector with

dx std respect to the launcher line, determined
from a rigid body trajectory with no wind
and no jump;
A(x) - inclination of the velocity vector with
wi respect to the launcher line, scaled to
the observed wind from a rigid body
trajectory inte crated with 40 knots cross
wind and g 0 (this definition implies
that
dx• wind
is the change in dy/dx due to cross wind)#

and p
(dy) j = vertical component of jump.
dx
CONFIDENTIAL 52
NPG REPORT NO* 1351
Then
(7-38) y)o + (S wind + (8dum
if linearity is assumed. Prevalent range components of wind

were too small to have an appreciable effect.
dy)
dxiU
was determined from this equation, and
k defined as the lateral component of jump was found in a

*i similar manner.
Unfortunately, varying cross winds plagued the test

and only two out of five rounds hit both targets. All five
rounds, however, hit the second target. The angles which
the lines, connecting the points of impact on this target 1:
4 with the muzule, made with the launcher line were observed.
An analysis of these data similar to the above analysis
produced the portion of these angles, (B y/x) jump and
(a S/x)ju 5 p, due to jump.
Results of the analysis are:
RudNo. (Y/x) jump ( 8 /x)jump (8 X)jump A1jump

d8
1 50.0' -3.6' ---

S2 50.6' -1.6' ---
, 3 59.3' 3.1'
4 52.41' 1.3' 50.4' 2.1'
5 52.3' 3.2' 57.01 .4,
It was concluded that the lateral jump of the launcher as
shown in Figure 2, Appendix A, is negligible, while vertical
Jump is of the order of one degree. The former conclusion
was used in determination of the drift coefficient since
observed deflections were not corrected for lateral jump (seeI
section 7e(l)). In the regular firings for the range table,
-' CONFIDENTIAL 53
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
measurements of rocket height at the end of burning

(section 6b(3)) also indicated a vertical jump of the same
order of magnitude as that found in the special jump test.
On several rounds the rocket was observed to be about 7.4
t when above
feet the with
combined boresight line. This
the expected additional
trajectory drop height,
due to
gravity and thrusts yielded a jump of about 47 minutes.
Although the heights were not measured on all rounds fired#
the data records showed qualitatively that this jump was
incurred for each round fired.
There is ample evidence, therefore, to indicate that
the range table trajectories for any launcher elevation
should be well below the observed impact positions (shown
in Figures 15, 16, 19, and 21, Appendix F) when firing
from the modified 4-inch mount, and the discrepancies are
a result of jump.
8. SUMMARY OF NUMERICAL RESULTS
i a. Thrust parameters used in the range table are for
30*F propellant temperature# A - 3293t, tb 0

0.61479
70*F propellant temperature, A - 2302t * 345-3a tb 006307a
and
1100F propellant temperature, A - 2739t + 410.8, tb * O05450,

where associated initial velocities are 1112 yd/sec,
3
Syd/sec, and IM yd/sec, respectively.
3 3
be (1) To account for drag after burning, a polynomial in
Mach number for y - 1/C was obtained which minimised per -
centage errors.in range. The minimising polynomial was
Y -3.•11 - 0-257 M 2 . where M is Mach number. The pattern
of range discrepancies (computed values minus mean corrected
observed values) in yards are listed below for four observed
times.,of flight and three propellant temperatures. For evalu- A
ation purposes, discrepancies corresponding to the constant
ballistic coefficient y - 1/C - 2.33 at 70"F propellant
temperature ate included.
CONFIDENTIAL 54
.'
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
Discrepancies (yds)
Y - 3.11 - .257 M2 y - 2.33

t 30 70F 110OF 70F
(Seconds) Propellant Propellant Propellant Propellant
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temuerature
4.0 9 -10 -15 53

7.5 40 29 -22 33
11.3 -- - 2 -- - 82
15.4 -- -45 -- -226
(2) To account for drag during burning, the constant i

y - 2.33 was adjusted to the average mass during burning,
giving Y - 1.94.
c, The dynamic thrust curve, represented by an eighth I

degree polynomial, is given in Figure 11, Appendix E; for
comparison with static thrust data see Figure 13, Appendix E.
Other rigid body parameters are given in Table 7. Appendix D.
do The values
C1 - 0.0017 radians
C2 - 286o5 yd2/sec3
C3 - 0o0028 radians/lO0 kts
C4 - 0.0146 radians/100 kts J
C5 - O.O84 radians/100 kts
when used in the proper formulas generate all yawing motion
effects for the conditions of j
(i) no wind
(ii) uniform range wind
(iii) uniform cross wind
( iv)wind during burning in excess of the uniform wind.
CONFIDENTIAL 55
ml
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
The necessary formulas and instructions for their use are

included in the Range Table, Appendix G, as revised by Change 1
(recommended in reference(o)
e. (1) The rounds fired at any given angle of elevation and
propellant temperature were not of sufficient number to estab-
lish reliable quantitative dispersion data. However, corrected
observed impact patterns for each angle of elevation and pro-
pellant temperature fired are given in Figures 14 through 21,
Appendix F; differential effects for 70OF propellant temperature
are included.
(2) For the launcher, as installed on the modified 4-inoh

gun mount (see Figure 2, Appendix A), it was concluded that
lateral Jump was negligible while vertical Jump was of the order
of one degree.
.15
CONFIDENTIAL 58
9. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The rocket T-132 (T-131), though perhaps not an
entirely new concept in ballistics, provided a decidedly
new type of problem in the production of a range table.
To some extent this report is directed toward the exhi-
biting of the unconventional exterior ballistic methods
used in preparing the range table*
Although quantitative dispersion measures were not

found, acceptable magnitudes of dispersion were obtained
in the tests. This, and other phenomena, indicated a
consistency of performance of the rounds tested that was
exceptionally good considering previous experiences with
other lots of T-132 ammunition. The principal cause of
the loss of ranging data during the Naval Proving Ground
firings was not a result of poor performance of the round,
but was a result of the inability to observe the inherently
small splash on impact.
of theSOne
methods used in analysis of firing data was
the determination of thrust parameters in such a manner as
to allow the matching of observed slant ranges and radial
velocities with the computed values at a selected time
shortly after burn-out. This method, generally, offers
advantage in range table production over methods which use
directly measured (static or dynamic) accelerations, since
this method is focused on accurately obtaining those quan-
tities which determine the after-burning trajectory. The
method had previously been successfully applied in deter-
mining thrust parameters for the 2175 FFAR Aircraft Firing
Table, OP 1998.
Originally, it was assumed (as indicated by static
tests) that acceleration due to thrust could be treated as i' "
constant. Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph instrumentation,
however, gave clear and accurate information on this point;
it showed, beyond reasonable doubt, that the acceleration
increased markedly with time. The formulation for obtaining 1'
acceleration parameters due to thrust was then revised to
allow for linear variation with time of flight.
It was discovered that the drag function for the
projectile type 6.1 planned for use with the T-132 rocket
was a poor estimate of the true drag function. Rather than
delay production of the range table while wind tunnel or
other studies produced an "ad hoc" drag coefficient, a form
"factor expressed as a polynomial in Mach number was deter-
mined. This type of polynomial form factor had been pre-
viously developed and tested for use in such situations; it
is obtained by application of a least squares iterative
technique.
CONFIDENTIAL 57
I. NPG REPORT NO. 1351
- ----------------------------------------
Insofar as horisontal range and altitude under no wind

conditions are concerned, it was found that the perfect
trailing model computations would have been sufficient. Of
course, the range table could not be useful without assess-
ment of deflection or of wind effects, and any accurate
assessment of deflection or of wind effects must take account
of the angular motion during burning. The rigid body formu-
lation used for this purpose is possibly more comprehensive
than generally applied in the actual production of range
tables. Even so, it is far from being complete. Magnus
torque, for example, was neglected because indications are
that large yaws are not involved in actual flight.
It was shown that the required rigid body values

(especially under wind conditions) were sensitive to the
form of the thruste A cross wind (or normal component of
a range wind) causes a large initial yaw, and the extent to
which the thrust quickly damps this initial yaw is dependent
upon the form of the thrust versus time function. A method
was devised which generated the dynamic thrust from the
Sperry Radio Doppler Chronograph data. This dynamic thrust
agreed well with the static thrust insofar as total impulse
is concerned but exhibited a progressive burning rate which
could not be inferred from data obtained statically.
! Derivations of deflection and wind effects formulas
for rocket tables are not always easily available in the
literature. Formulas of this type necessary for the T-132
rocket table are derived here for convenience of the reader
and in order to exhibit the assumptions necessary to obtain
them.
10. RECOMMENDATIONS
Discrepancies listed in the section "Ballistic

Analysis" between observed slant ranges and those computed
using either y - 2.33 or Y - 3.11 - 0.257 M2 are proof
of a poor drag determination. Time limitations and ammu-
nition requirements were such as to prevent further firings
, or teststhat
mended to be
for conducted for this programs
future ballistic program, involving recom-
but it is the
"T-132 rocket a drag coefficient be obtained specifically

for the purpose.
CONFIDENTIAL 58
NPG REPORT NO. 1351]
be Thrust
The form of the dynamic thrust curve is curious. It
shows a high degree of progressive burning (rapidly increasing
thrust) which contrasts with the rather uniform thrust found
in static tests (see Figure 11, Appendix E). It is recom-
mended that studies be undertaken to determine the cause and
design consequences of this phenomenon.*
Upon production of the service mount, it is recommended

that several mounts be sent to the Naval Proving Ground for
jump determination. The technique employed should be that
used for the test mount; i.e., two targets should be- used
which bracket the end of burning. From the vertical jump
(end of burning) the necessary correction to angle of eleva-
tion can be computed. Also, if a non-msero lateral jump e
(in radians) is observed, then, where x is horisontal range,
the term 0 x must be added to the deflection obtained from
the drift quoted in the range table. Ilk
do Range Table Ammunition and Launcher
Successful ranging measurements were not obtained on a

considerable number of rounds fired as a result of the diffi-
culty encountered in observing the small splash of the T-132
rocket on impact. Therefore, it is recommended that live-
loaded T-131 rounds or T-132 rounds loaded with spotting
charges be used in future range table firings of this missile.
In order to obtain jump and dispersion effects more

consistent with service firings, it is recommended that future
anti-aircraft range table programs be conducted with the
service launcher.
CONFIDENTIAL 59
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. REFERENCES
(a) BUORD Conf ltr Re3d-WKB:hm S78-1(119) Ser 26269 of

28 Sept 1951
(b) BUORD Conf ltr Re3d-WKB:bc S78-1(119) Ser 50323 of
12 Jan 1953
(c) NAVPROV Conf ltr OK:ALJ:jlr All/3d439-2 Ser 32654 of
10 June 1953
(d) NAVPROV Conf ltr OK:ALJ:dmf All/3d439-2 Ser 35060 of
31 Aug 1953•
(e) Final Report on Project 90-39 6 D. Armour Research Foun-

dation, Illinois Institute of Technology, of 31 Jul 1950
S(f) Final Report on Project 90-398D, Armour Research Foun-
* dation, Illinois Institute of Technology, of 31 Jul 1950
* (g) Redstone Arsenal Report No. 33, Project TU2-1005, of
3 Jan 1953
(h) Thiokol Corporation ltr Ser 53-3846 of 24 Mar 1953

NPG Conf Report No, 1216t "Ballistic Assessment of the
" €)A(i)
()AA Range Table for the 5"/38 GunN" of 15 DBc 1953 t
"(j) NOTS Conf Tech Memo RRB-45 of 30 Sept 1949
I (k) "Exterior Ballistics," by E. Jo McShane,

and F. V. Reno,
J.
University of Denver Press,
L. Kelley,
1953 j,
"(1) "New Methods in Exterior Ballistics," by Forrest Ray
Moulton, University of Chicago Press, 1926
(m) "The Aerodynamics of a Spinning Shell," by R. H. Fowler,

E. G. Gallop, C. N. H. Lock, and H. W. Richmond, F. R. S.,
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of
London, Series A, Vol. 221, pp. 295-387
(n) Ballistic Research Laboratories Report No. 446, Aberdeen

Proving Ground, Maryland, 29 Jan 1944 (Revised 2 Dec 1944)
S(o) NAVPROV Conf ltr OK4EB:jlr All/3d439-2 Ser 37479 of

29 Dec 1953
AI. CONFIDENTIAL 60
4
I, -
a
*
* '1
4.
* V. . . * I . U]
4
* 1>
t. I
it
soV
r
.4U 0-0
ova
X. 4
or, sk4g-4
iE~~r
v~h
4s4s~
a
I1 I
M Ia
.- d430 CA
I' U .1
Mon-L
T V
I I ,I
II
- APPIDZ,
A,.
S S
0 0
H H
C 0
C')
10 0.
- .~-... .U)
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TABLE 1 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS OF ROUNDS FIRED

Unburnt Burnt
Condition Condition
Rocket Weight (pounds) 5.39 3.98
Center of gravity* (inches) 4.82 5.47

Axial Moment of Inertia •
(pound-inches-squared) 5.93 4.75
"Transverse Moment of Inertia
(pound-inches-squared) 57.2 46.9
Length (from base of motor to
tip of nose fuse) (inches) 12.6 12.6
SThe center
of the of motor.
rocket gravity position was measured from the base
The above data represent the average of measurements on two

rounds for each condition. The rounds were from the lot of
ammunition used for the balliitt4 c firings.
C,
S~CONFIDENTIAL
_ _ _ _ _ i
NPG REPORT NO, 1351
• ICONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT N0. 1340
;:ITABLE 2 RANGE TABLE FIRING CONDITIONS N
i ~Launcher .
Elevation Propellant Number of
Angle Temperature Rounds
" F Fired
1 30 30 10
30 70 14
30110 10
2 45 30 8
2 45 70 11
2 45
137
•"5 30
110
70
io0o
10 30 4•
00
10 1107
1500 70o
I
A
"CONFIDENTIAL
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TABLE 3 OBSERVED MUZZLE VELOCITIES

Propellant Launcher Muzzle
Date Round Temperature Elevation Velocity .
Fired Number OF f feet/second
2-2-53 5 30 130 1092

2-2-53 6 30 1 30 1121
2-2-53 7 30 1 30 1121
2-2-53 7 30 1 30 1114
1112 Average
2-2-53 1 70 1 30 1197
2-2-53 2 70 1 30 1173
2-2-53 3 70 1 30 1184
2-2-53 4 70 1 30 1187
2-16-53 1 70 2 45 1200
2-16-53 4 70 5 30 1180
2-16-53 6 70 5 30 1197
2-16-53 7 70 10 00 1188
2-16-53 8 70 10 00 1187
1188 Average
2-16-53 10 110 10 00 1235
2-16-53 11 110 10 00 1226
2-16-53 12 110 10 00 1240
2-16-53 14 110 2 45 1234
1234 Average
CONFIDENTIAL
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIMENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
TABLE 4
OBSERVED MAXIUM VELOCITIES, WITH

CORRESPONDING SLANT RANGES AND TIES
Launoher Propellant Maxim= Slant
Date Round Elevation Temperature Velocity Range Time**
Fired lumber _ _ OF feet/seooond feet seconds
2-2-53 8 1 30 50 2642 1064 0.61

2.2-53 1 1 30 70 2617 1231 0.67
2-2-53 2 1 30 70 2702 1021 0.58
2-2-53 3 1 30 70 2576 1141 0.66
2-2-53 4 1 30 70 2687 1028 0.59
2.13-53 1 1 30 70 2675 1038 0.60
2-13-53 3 1 30 70 2670 1111 0.83
2-2-53 9 1 30 110 2769 1027 0.56
2-2-53 10 1 bO 110 2581 1320 0.72
2-2-53 11 1 30 110 2669 1215 0.66
2-2-53 12 1 30 110 2645 1261 0.67
2-2-53
2-2-53
2-18-53
13
15
1
1 30
1 30
2 45
110
110
30
2815
2800
2622
873
1091
1038
0.49
0.56
0.63
11
2-18-53 2 2 45 30 2528 1116 0.66
2-18-53 3 2 45 30 2631 1267 0e74
2-18-53 4 2 45 30 2628 1041 0.63
2-19-53 1 2 45 30 2618 1119 0.66
2-19-53 2 2 45 30 2606 1122 0.66
2-19-53 3 2 45 30 2524 1197 0,67
2-13-53 6 2 45 70 2723 962 0.55
2-13-53 7 2 45 70 2737 1038 0.58
2-13-53 8 2 45 70 2709 1121 0.62
2-13-53 9 2 45 70 2812 1265 0.71
2-16-63 2 2 45 70 2681 1093 0.60
2-16-53 3 2 45 70 2692 1157 0.63
2-16-53 14 2 45 110 2750 1036 0568
2-19-53 lb 2 45 110 2698 1111 0,60
2-19-53 16 2 45 110 2732 1112 0.60
CONFIDENTIAL ,
•<C
I,
INPG RePORT NO. 1351

09FIMI'NTL& NAVORD lPORT NO. .1340
TANSE 4 (Continue~d)
Launoher Propellant Maximan Slant I
Fie
Date Numbs
Round
ai'OFmww
Elevation Temperature t/s oo,
Velooity
z~seoon
fee
Range
feet
Ti.**
aseonds
2-13-55 4 5 30 70 2749 1044 0.57
2.16-53 4 5 30 70 2682 1119 0:63

2-16-55 5 5 30 70 2736 964 0.55
S2-16-53 6 5 30 70 2686 976 0.55
2-18-53 9 5 30 TO 2711 968 0.55
2-20-55 1 5 30 70 2648 1118 0.63
2-20-53 3 5 30 70 2694 1034 0.58 .
2-16-53 7 10 00 70 2738 1052 0.58
2-16-54 8 10 00 70 2761 965 0054 I
2-16-55 9 10 00 70 2671 1124 0.63
3-6-53 1 10 00 70 2788 945 0.53
3-6-53 3 10 00 70 2761 947 0.52
3-6-53 4 10 00 70 2661 1213 0966
2-16-53 10 10 00 110 2814 967 0.52

2-16-53 11 10 00 110 2784 965 0.53
2-16-53 12 10 00 110 2807 960 0.51
2-19-53 10 10 00 110 2789 960 0.52
2-19-53 11 10 00 110 2760 1040 0.56
2-19-53 12 10 00 110 2783 1034 0.56 1
Average valuse. without

respect to elevation angle 30 2587(150*) 1121(+79,) 0o66(*.04*)
70 2697(i49*) 1063 (*92.) o0.o(*.os.)

110 2746(*69*) 1065(*117,) 0.57(*.06*)
* Standard deviation of a singl, observation.
** Measured from instant of current flow to the igniter.
COIMNTIAL 2
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TABLE 5
OBSERVED TRAJECTORY ANGLE AT END OF BURNING
Propellant Launcher Trajectory Angle
1 Date Round Temperature Elevation At End of Burning
Fired Number OF 0 t 0
2-2-53 5 30 1 30 0 48
2-2-53 6 30 1 30 0 52
2-2-53 8 30 1 30 0 52
0 51 Average
2-2-53 1 70 1 30 0 52
"2-2-53 2 70 1 30 0 59
2-2-53 3 70 1 30 0 54
2-2-53 4 70 1 30 0 54
0 55 Average
2-2-53 10 110 1 30 0 58
2-2-53 11 110 1 30 0 57
2-2-53 12 110 1 30 1 00
0 58 Average
CONFIDENTIAL
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
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NPG REPORT NO. 1351
NAVO1RD REPORT NO. 1340
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NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TART 1. RTGTD BMD P(RITT F MOTTO
Force Equations:
l l(T - Pd 2 KDAv 2]. sin e + 403- v 3 2

m
V2 =- 2
-d
m
KNvv3
2 g Cos - VlW3 + v3w2 tan
1 2
j3 = - -Nvv3 + vl 2 - v20 2 tan
Torque Eouations:
At)= KT + Cl~iVI
= - - r)pd2 KNvv- - (3d 4 K~v - iL 2 )W2
- AWlW3 + wS2
3 tane
. BA = Be = (X - r)pd2 KNVV 2 - (pd 4 KHv - i 2 )c'3
+ Aw-Lw2 - B6Ji tan e
Equation:
CONFIDENTIAL i.
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
NAVORD REPORT NO. 1540
Equations for generating coordinates Av,equations

X. Y. andare:
Z (see Figure 7) from
and
solutions of the force, torque,
=vI cos cos -v 2 sin cos v3 sin w + W cos
S= vi sin 8 + v,2 cosB
S cos
0vI sin - 2 sin @sin W+v 3 cos W+Wsin wW
For parameters and for equations which generate B, m. r, and T as functions

of t, see Table 9. For definition of symbols see Table 8.
COFI1rIL
NPG REORT NO. 1351
!ABLE 8. LI S yM
SD DS R1ICD BOMY B TTN
jj;Moments of 'Inertia:
A axial moment of inertia
B instantaneous moment of .inertia about a transverse

axis through the instantaneous center of gravity
' L Force Parameters:
9 acceleration due to gravity
KDA axial drag coefficient

H KW normal force coefficient
"T thrust resulting from jet action in direction of the

rocket axis
* Torque Parameters:
K axial moment coefficient resulting from thrust of

* the rocket motor
C1 coefficient associated with spin damping
SKH cross-spin damping coefficient
X distance from nose to aerodynami-c center of pressure
r distance from nose to instantaneous center of gravity
S£ length associated with Jet damping
Velocities:
v velocity of the particle at the instantaneous center

of gravity, relative to the air mass
v 1 , T 2 , v3 components of v resolved .in the directions al, £2,

93, respectively (see Figure 7)
•01, 02, 6) components of angular velocity (as determined by

motion of the rocket relative to the rectangular
system x, y, z) resolved in the instantaneous direction
S1, 62, S3 (see Figure 7)
CONFIDEMIAL i
SNPG REPORT NO. 1351
•:;N EMAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340.
Other •ymbols:
t time (ttt = 0. at .ignition)
m .insiantaneous mass of the rocket
P air density
d diameter of rocket
inclination of rocket axis
V ange from line of fire to horizontal projeotion

of rocket axis
W magnitude of wind velocity relative to X, Y, Z axis

system
lw angle in X, Z plane specifying wind direction (see
Figure 7) arc tan -I
WI-
cOFIDINTIAL 2 -
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TABLE 9 RIGID BODY PARAMETERS
(See Table 8 for definition of symbols)
Moments of inertia:
2
"A- 0.001269 slug ft
2
B - -0.006561 + 0.02634 m + 0.02237 r slug ft
Mass:
m - -0.000182 ft T dt * 0.1685 slugs
0
Air density:
.07513 slugs/ft 3
Force parameters:
2
g - 32.2 ft/seo
KDA 0.15
0
KN -1.1
8 - 33,058,162 t 7
T - 16,655,218 t
",25,263,620 t 6 - 9,345,193.0 t 5
+ 1,692,133.9 t4 - 122,782.69 t 3
- 1486.6128 t 2 + 1945.1327 t
+ 118.778372 lbs.o
CONFIDENTIAL 1
I NPG REPORT NO. 1351
TABLE 9 (Continued)
Torque parameters:
K - O.0167
C1 - 3.55 x 10-
KH wl145
S- 0.38 ft
Sr - 0.7820 - 0.02237 ft
2 2
2
2 1.05 ft
Note: Overturning moment is formulated in terms of KN and

(X - r) so that a value of KM is not given.
Initial conditions (propellant temperature of 700F):
mass at muzzle - O.1685 slugs

initial velocity - 1188 ft/sec
initial spin - 2740 rad/sec
time at muzzle 0 sec
C N
CONFIDENTIAL2
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•. APPENDIX 0
5-.-1
i, !
CONFIDENTIAL
Tables of Ballistic Data for Anti-Aircraft Fire

Control Equipment for 2.75-In. Rocket T-132
1. The tables of ballistic data for anti-aircraft fire control equipment

for the 2.75-in. Rocket T-132 are presented in six (6) parts as shown
belowt
PART I
a. Elements of Trajectories versus Time of Flight and Elevation
for 707F Propellant Temperature
b. Sight Angle versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 701F
propellant Temperature
c. Time of Flight versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 700F
PART II
a. Drift versus Time of Flight and Position Angle for 70oF
b. Deflection due to Cross Wind versus Time of Flight and

Position Angle for 70OF Propellant Temperature
PART III
a. Effect on Horizontal Range and Altitude due tot
Change in Initial Velocity

Change in Air Density
Change in Air Temperature
Change in Elevation
Rear Wind
for 70*F Propellant Temperature
PART IV
a. Corrections to Sight Angle and Time of Flight foev

Change In Air Density
Rear Wind
CGIFIDNITAL
CONFIDENTIAL
a. Sight Angle versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 30°F
b. Time of Flight versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 30°F
a. Sight Angle versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 110OF
b. Time of Flight versus Slant Range and Position Angle for 110eF
2. It is to be noted that in these tables the 1131 in all instances is measured

from the closing of the ignition circuit. Measurements have shown that at 70oF
propellant temperature the interval from the closing of the ignition circuit to
the instant the projectile emertes from the muzzle of the launcher is approxoliately
0.013 second.
3. The ballistic data used in the preparation of these tables were obtained from
firings of 52 rounds, 14 of which were fired with a propellant temperature of 3007,
23 with a temperature of 700F and 15 with a temperature of 3100F. All rounds were
fired from ground launchers, The angles of elevation ranged from 10301 to 50301
with times of flight to surface impact of approximately 4, 8, and 12 seconds,
4. The basic trajectories used in the preparation of the tables, are solutions of
the following system of differential equation. in which perfect trailing is
assumed:
x %A ~
y -(A-E)- g
In these equations,
x Is horisontal range (yda);
y Is altitude (yds),;
A is acceleration (yd/se3 2 ) due to thrust;
v isn velocity of the rocket (yde/sec ); and
g is the acceleration of gravity (yde/seo 2 );

wherein
Sin the atmospheric density,

KD(M) is the drag coefficient for the Projectile Type 6.1 expressed as a
function of the Mach number, H,
and
C is the ballistic coefficient with respect to the drag function for the
Projectile Type 6.1.
u2
CONFIDENTIAL
The fumctions A and l/C and the parameters v. and tb were chosen as followl
a. Thrust Acceleration, A.
Propellant Temperature Thrust Acceleration

:1 (F)(yd/sec 2)
30 A - 3293 )t
70 A a 2302 t + 345.3) 0 -t•
't
110 A a 2739 t + 4IO.8)
For all propellant temperatures, A a 0 when t > .
"In these equations, .
t is time measured from the instant the ignition circuit

S ~is closed;
t, is the chosen value of the time of end of burning.
b. Reciprocal Ballistic Coefficient, I/C.
Si/c SI/C -a 3.11

.94 -0.257 M2, t >f tth.*t;
j The reciprocal ballistic coefficient is with respect to the

drag function for the Projectile Type 6.1
c,. Burning Time, tb.

Propellant Temperature Burning Time
('F) (sec)
30 - 0.61h7
-h
70 th - 0.6037
-no t a 0.5450
d. Initial Velocity, vr, (the velocity of the rocket at the

instant it leaves the muzzle of the launcher).
Propellant Temperature Initial Velocity

(OF) (yd~sec)
30 vo a 370.67
70 vo a 396
110 vo 4ll3.
4
CONFIDENTIAL *
3;j
CONFIDENTIAL
5. The drift of the rocket, Z (t), was computed by means of the following
equation:
Z(t) = Clx(t) + C2 [x(t) ft tb V--dt t x(t)dt t>

>b
tb v- -
in which C- 1(tb)/i(tb). This value of C1 was chosen for reasons

which willbe given in a forthcoming Naval Proving Ground report. Me
constant C1 was computed by the integration of "rigid body equations"
(six degrees of freedom allowed) during the burning period and was
thereby determined to be 0.0017 radians. (The "rigid body equations"
which were used are quite similar to those given in NPG Report No. 800.)
The constant C2 was determined empirically from observed drift data and
was chosen as 286.5 yd2/sec3.
6. The effects of wind may be divided into two partst
a. the effects of wind acting on the rocket during the burning
period and
b. the effects of wind acting on the rocket after the burning period.
While a range wind acting during the after-burning period has significant
effects only on the range and altitude of the rocket, a range wind acting
during the burning period affects the deflection of the rocket as well
as its range and altitude. Similarly, a cross wind acting during the
after-burning period has significant effects only on the deflection
of the rocket, but a cross wind acting during the burning period affects
the range and altitude of the rocket as well as its deflection,
7. Part III of the tables of ballistic data contains, in addition to

various other effects, the effects on range and altitude of a uniform
range wind (tail wind, constant in direction and velocity) acting through-
out the trajectory of the rocket. These effects, xW and yw,, were computed
by means of the following equations, derivations of which will be given
in the forthcoming Naval Proving Ground Report, referred to in paragraph
5 above:
S-68o.2 )3o l o108
C) sin 0-o3 008
co,
180 K M* =92 •"
and
6080.2
-w= 18 ( 108 C3) sin -0.03 Yv coso
180 vo 6080.2
In the preceeding equations,
7W yw are in yds/l100 kts;
CONFIDETIAL 4
CONFIDENTIAL
elevation angle of the launcher; Sis

x#, yo are partial derivatives of x and y with respect to
(yds/deg);
xv$ Yv are partial derivatives of x and y with respect to v
(7Id/l00 ft/sec);
and
C3 is the difference (for#X909 and gw 0) between the

effect of a 100 knot tail wind on v at the end of burning,
perfect trailing being assumed, and the effect when yawing
mo-ion is assumed. (Both effects were computed, the latter
by means of the "rigid body equation". The value of C3
obtained was 0.0041 radians/lOO knots.)
8. Part II of the tables of ballistic data contains the deflection due
to a uniform cross wind acting throughout the trajectory of the rocket.
This effect, zw, was computed by means of the following equation:
sw - &)80,2~-1( 1+ .08 c)see~}
105 ~V 0 M 2C3
in which
zw is in yds/iO0 kts.
9. The tables do not contain the deflection due to a uniform range
wind acting during burning nor the effects on range an3 alt, ude of a
uniform cross wind acting during burning. These effects may be approximated
MFe following manner:
a. The deflection due to 100 knots of tail wind acting during burning
is approximately equivalent to the effect of increasing the
azimuth of the launcher (in mils) by, -1000 C0 tan¢. The
constant C4 is the effect (for$- 900 and g - ) of a 100 knot
cross wind on :i/v at the end of burning, yawing motion being
assumed. It was computed by integration of the "rigid body equations".
The value of C4 Qtained was 0.0146 radians/l00 knots.
b. The effects on x and y of 100 knots of cross wind (blowing from
left to right) during burning are approximately equivalent
SCONF'ID•4TIAL 5i
CONFIDETIAL
respectively to the effects of decreasing the elevation angle
4n degrees) by (180/X ) C4. The correction to the eight

angle to score a hit is the negative of this quantity.
(A detailed discussion of these methods of computing the effects of wind

acting during burning will be given in a forthcoming Naval Proving
Oround Report.) As indicated above, the effects on range, altitude 'and
deflection of a uniform wind acting throughout the trajectory of the rocket
may be obtained from the tables included in Parts II and III and by the
methods described in the preceding subparagraphs OaN and "bo.
10. In the event that the rocket trajectory is subjected to a non-uniforn
w it is recommended that the wind effects be obtained from the tables

included in Parts II and III using the ballistic wind determined from the
wind acting during the after-burning portion of the trajectory. In
addition, the following effects nuat be computed and added to those ob-
tained from the tables of Parts II and IIIM
a. Using the difference between the range wind acting during burning
(assumed to be uniform) and the ballistic range wind, compute
the effects on range and altitude as follows: The effects on
range and altitude of 100 knots of tail wind during burning is
approximately equivalent to the effect of increasing the elevation
angle (in degrees) by: (180/1%) CS sin#.* The correction to
the sight angle to score a hit is the negative of this quantity.
b. Using the difference between the cross wind acting during burning
(assumed to be uniform) and the ballistic cross wind, compute
the deflection as follows: The deflection resulting from 100
knots of cross wind (blowing from left to right) during burning
is approximately equivalent to the effect of decrpasing the
auimuth of the launcher (in mile) by: (1000 C5 )/fcoas.*
Since it is assumed that both the range wind and the cross wind,
acting during b.uring, are uniform (even in the case of a non-uniform
wind acting throughout the Trajectory), the effects on range and altitude
of a cross wind actin d burning are computed as described in
"paragraph 9b, above, wh-ie efleItion due to range wind acting during
burning is computed as in paragraph 9a above.
11. The following facts concerning the tables of ballistic data should
be noted:
a. All the rounds fired for ballistic data were from a single lot,
namely, PA-E-I1499, with Thiokol propellant T 1021 mix 1050. All
"* where C5 = 0.085 rad/100 kts.
ODNFIDENTIAL 6
OINFIDENTIAL
rounds were fired from a T 110 I 2B launcher installed on experi•ental
iwunts.
b.
In computing the tables, perfect trailing of the rocket was assumed.
In practice, corrections based on the deviations of actual tra-
jectories from the trajectories wherein perfect trailing was
assumed should be applied to the data of the tables. In firing
from service mounts a mal-limnching effect may occur uhich will
result in a disturbance of the trajectory in the lateral as welll
as in the vertical plane.
c. The wind effects due to wind acting during the burning period
are not based on flight observations but are theoretical in nature.
Wind tannel aerodynamic data were used in computing them.
12. A forthcoming Naval Proving Ground Report will contain descriptions

of the methods used in obtaining the ballistic data 4nd in the preparation
of the tables. The accuracy of the tables, the dispirsion of the rocket
and other factors will be discussed. Also, a method for obtaining the
corrections required for the mal-launching effects of the service launcher
(paragraph 11b above) will be described.
C I.
. 1
CONFID3NTIAL
PART I
M1ements of Trajectories versus Time of Flight and Elevation for

700F Propellant Tempe .,+"re
1" Sight Angle versus Slant Range and k'osition Angle for
70°F Propellant Temperature
Time of Flight versus Slant Range and Position Angle for

700F Propellant Temperature
CONFIDENTILL
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Holsontal Altitude Slant Position sight Horisontal Vertieal

flight rango rang angile angle velocity velocity
12 3 4 56 78
L ocind Yad.. Yard# Yard. Degrees Degrees Jr 8I. P.8 'Is
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0 0 0 0 5.oo .oo 1163 104 !

1 706 54 708 4.40 .60 2465 175
2, •.• 1405 99 1408 4.04 .96 1750 97

3 1897 122 1900 3.67 L33 1240 42
4 2263 129 2267 3.26 1.74 1005 4
5 2578 125 2581 2.78 2.22 889 -27

6 2858 112 2161 2.24 2.76 798 --54
7 3112 89 3113 1L64 3.36 723 -80
8 3342 59 3343 1.00 4.00 661 -104
9 3553 20 3553 .33 406 607 -126
9.46 3644 0 3644 .00 5.00 5%5 -163
10 3747 -26 3748 -. 39 5.39 60 -1247

0!
10
0 0 0 0 10.00 0 1170 206

1 698 116 707 9.41 ,59 2439 390
2 1391 222 1408 9.05 .95 1739 251
3 1881 37 1902 8.8 1,32 12M 151
4 2246 327 2270 1.72
L8 13 93
56 2560 351 2584 7.M0 2.20 889 52

2941 362 2064 7.26 2.74 79 1.6t
7 3M 3 116 63.67 333 727 -16

8 3327 352 3345 6.03 3.97 665 -45
9 3540 332 3555 536 4.64 613 -73
10 3736 303 3749 4.64 536 567 -96
11 3919 267 3928 3.89 6.11 527 -122

12 408 222 4094 3611 6.89 492 -145
13 4247 170 4250 2.29 7.71 460 -167
14 4395 111 4397 1.44 8.56 431 -188
15 4535 45 4535 .57 9.43 405 -207
15.63 468 0 4618 .00 1o.00 369 -219
16 4665 -27 4665 -34 10.34 380 -22b
CONFIDENTIAL I - 1 -1-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizonta Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

flight range range angle angle velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SON& Yards Yards
Y Yard Degrees Degrees F. S. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
15°
0 0 0 0 15.00.00 1148 07
1 68M 176 707 14.41 .59 2395 601
2 1366 342 1409 14.06 .94 1713 403
3 1850 451 1904 1.71 1.29 1225 261
4 2212 523 273 13.1 1.69 992 182
5 2523 575 2588 12.64 2.16 881 131

6 2902 611 2868 12.31 2.69 795 87
7 3055 634 33.2 724 49
8 361 644 M09 3.
391 665 14
9 3499 644 3557 10.42 4.98 614 -18
10 3696 633 3749 9.71 5.29 570 -48

11 3679 612 3927 97 6.3 531 -75
12 4050 583 AIM Lis 6.82 497 -102
13 4211 544 4246 7.37 7.63 466 -127
14 4361 496 4390 6.52 8.48 438 -150
15 450%3 445 4525 5.64 9.36 412 -173

16 4636 33 4652 4.73 1027 389 -194
17 4762 315 4773 3.79 1121 367 -214
18 4881 241 4887 2.82 12.18 347 -234
19 499 160 4996 1.83 13.17 3 -252
20 5100 73 5100 .82 14.18 309 -269
20(79 5179 0 5179 .00 M5 296 -282
21 5200 -20 S50 -. 22 15.22 292 -285
CONFIDENTIAL 1- 2
QG6OFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal MAtiude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical
flight range ranse angle angle velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
•Bsaepw Yords Yards Yards Degree. Degreea 7.8. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
20
S0 0 0 0 MM,0 .I0) 1116 406 i
I1 667 23!5 707 19.43 ..57 2333 809
2 1331 461 1409 19.09 .91 1674 553
3 1805 612 1906 1874 L26 1202 370

4 2160 717 2276 1835 1.65 974 270
"5 2466 796 2591 17.89 2.11 866 210

6 2740 857 2871 17.37 2.63 783 159
7 2990 903 3123 16.80 3.20 715 114
8 3218 934 3351 16.19 31 74
9 3429 953 3S59 15.53 4,47 609 38
. 10 3625 960 3750 14.83 5.17 567 4

11 36M 956 3926 14.09 5.91 530 -27
I. 12
13
14
37
4140
4291
942
918
M6
4069
4240
4382
13.32
1251
11.66
6M68
7.49
8.34
497
468
441
-57
-84
-111
15 4434 845 4514 10.78 9.22 417 -136

16 4569 795 463M 9.87 10.13 394 -160
'1 17 4697 738 4755 8&93 11.07 373 -183
18 4818 674 4865 7.% 12.04 354 -204
19 4933 602 4970 6.% 13.04 335 -225
20 5042 524 5069 5.93 14.07 318 -245

21 5145 439 5164 4.88 15.12 301 -263
22 5243 348 5254 3.80 16.20 285 -281
23 5335 252 5341 2.71 17.29 270 -297
24 5423 151 5425 L9 18.41 255 -312
25 5505 44 5506 .46 19.54 241 -326
25.40 5537 0 5537 .00 20,00 236 -332
26 5584 -67 5584 -. 69 228 -339
CONFIDENTIAL 3-
B-12507
Time of Horizontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertieal
Sfight range range angle angle velocity velocity
1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8
Yards Yards Yards Degrees Degrees F. S. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0
25
0 0 0 0 25.00 .00 1077 502
1- 643 293 707 24.45 .55 2.253• 1010
1286 576 1409) 24.12 .8 1622 700 J

S2
3 1746 769 1906 23.78 1.22 1170 477
5) 2389
2657 1012
109 2594
12975 22.96
22.46 2.04
2.54 844
765 288
230
7 2900 1166 3126 21.91 3.09 700 ISO

8 3124 1219 3354 21.31 3-A9 646 135 ,
9 3332 125/ 3561 20.67 4.33 599 94
10 3525 1282 3750 19.96 5.02 559 57

* 11 3705 1295 3925 19.26 5.74 524 22
12 3874 1297 4066 181,50 6.50 493 -10
13 4034 1288 4235 17.71 7.29 465 -41
14 4185 1269 4373 16.87 &.13 440 -70
15 4328 1241 4502 16.01 8.99 417 -986

16 4463 1204 4623 15.10 9.90 396 -124
17 4592 1159 4736 14.16 10.84 376 -149
18 4714 1105 4842 13.19 11.81 357 -173
"19 4830 1043 4941 12.19 12A81 340 -196
20 4941 974 5036 1116 13.84 323 -218

21 5046 896 5125 10.09 14.91 307 -239
22 5146 816 5210 9.01 15.99 292 -258
23 5240 726 5291 7.89 17.11 278 -277
24 5331 631 5368 6.75 1825 264 -294 '
25 5416 531 5442 5.59 19A1 250 -310 t

26 5497 425 5514 4.42 20.58 237 -325
27 5574 314 5583 3.2-2 21.78 224 -339
28 5647 199 5650 2.02 22.98 212 -352
29 5716 80 5716 .80 24.20 200 -364
29.65 5758 0 5758 .00 25.00 193 -371
330 5780 -44 5781 -. 43 25.43 189 -374 I
COB'TIDENTIAL I -4
8-12507
CON4FIDENTIAL , i
Time of Horizontal Alitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical A
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
d Y&rd Yards Yards Degrees Degrees F. S. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
30o
0 0 0 0 30.00 .00 1029 594

1 615 348 707 29.47 .53 2155 1203
2 1231 687 1409 29.16 .84 1556 842
> 1672 921 1909 28.83 1.17 1127 582
4 2006 1088 2282 28.47 1.53 912 442
5 2293 1222 2598 28.05 1.95 815 364

6 2551 1332 2878 27.57 2.43 739 300
7 2787 1422 3129 27.04 2.96 678 244
8 3004 1495 3356 26.46 3.54 627 195
9 3206 1553 3562 25.84 4.16 584 150
10 3394 1596 3750 25.18 4.82 546 109

11 3570 1626 3923 24.46 5.52 513 72
12 3736 1644 4062 23.75 V-5 484 36
13 3893 1650 4229 22.97 7.03 458 3
14 4042 1646 4364 22.16 7.84 434 -28
15 4183 1631 4490 21.31 8.69 413 -58

16 4317 1607 4607 20.42 9.58 393 -87
17 4445 1574 4716 19.49 10.51 375 -114
18 4567 1531 4817 18.53 11.47 357 -140
19 4684 1480 4912 17.54 12.46 341 -165
20 4795 1421 5001 16.51 13.49 325 -189

21 4901 1354 5084 15.45 14.55 311 -212
22 5002 1280 5163 14.35 15.65 296 -234
23 59 1198 5237 13.23 16.77 283 -254
24 5190 1110 5307 12.08 17.92 269 -274
25 5278 1016 5375 10.90 19.10 256 -292

26 5361 916 5439 9.70- 2030 244 -309
27 5440 810 5500 8.47 21.53 231 -325
28 5515 700 5559 7.23 2277 220 -339
29 5587 584 5617 5.97 24.03 208 -353
30 5654 464 5673 4.70 25.30 197 -365

31 5718 341 5728 3.41 26.59 186 -377
32 5778 213 5782 2.12 27.88 176 -367
33 5835 83 5636 .81 29.19 166 -396
33.62 5869 0 5869 .00 3. 160 -401
-. 49 3049 156 -404

34 59 -51 5889
CCOFID?;NTIAL I - 5 8-12507
CCNEIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&Cond. Yard. Yard. Yards Degrees Degrees F. S. F. S.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0
35
0 0 0 0 35.00 .00 973 681
1 582 400 706 34.50 .50 2040 1388
2 1166 792 1409 34.20 .80 1478 978
3 1586 1066 1911 33.90 1.10 1074 683
4 1904 1263 2284 33.55 1.45 870 524
5 2177 1422 2601 33.15 1.85 778 438

6 2424 1556 2881 32.69 2.31 707 368
7 2650 1668 3132 32.19 2.81 650 307
S2859 1762 3358 31.64 3.36 602 253
9 3053 1838 3%63 3L05 3.95 5%2 205
10 3234 1899 3750 30.42 4.58 527 161

11 3405 1946 1921 29.75 5.25 496 121
12 3565 1980 078 29.04 5.96 469 83
13 371B 2001 4222 28.29 6.71 445 47
14 3863 2012 4355 27.51 7,49 424 14
15 4000 2011 4417 26.69 831 404 -18

16 4132 1999 4510 M.82 9.18 386 -49
17 4258 1978 4095 24.92 10.08 369 -78
18 4378 1947 4792 23.98 1102 353 -106
19
20
21
22
4493
4603
4709
4810
1907
1899
1801
1736
4881
4964
5042
5114
23.00
21.99
20.93
19.85
12.00
13.01
14.07
15.15
338
324
310
297
-133
-159
-184
-208
1
23 4907 1663 5181 18.72 16.28 284 -230
24 5000 1583 5244 17.57 17.43 272 -251
25 5088 1496 5303 16.38 1.862 260 -272

26 5173 1402 5359 116 19.84 248 -291
"27 5253 1302 5412 13.92 21.08 236 -308
* 28 5330 n97 5463 12.65 22.35 225 -325
29 5403 1086 5511 11.36 23.64 214 -340
"30 5473 970 5558 10.05 24.95 203 -355

31 5538 849 5603 8.72 26.28 193 -368
32 5601 725 5648 7.37 27.63 182 -380
33 5660 596 5691 6.01 28.9 173 -390
34 5716 465 5735 4.65 30.35 163 -400
.35 5769 330 5778 3.27 31.73 154 -409
I - 6 8-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
I
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontl Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

flight range range angle angile velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8
&Oetd Yards Yard. Yards Degrees Degrees F. 8. F. 8.
:1 ANGLE Of ELEVATION
35
35 5769 330 5"S3.27 31.73 154 -409
36 5619 192 5822 1.89 33.11 145 -416
37 5665 52 5866 .51 34.49 136 -423
37.37 5882 0 532 .00 35.00 133 -425
38 5909 -90 5910 -. 87 35.87 128 -429
I .
'4.
Aý
I
'
. 7
' CONFIL'ENTIAL I -? 8-12-0

CONFILENTIAL
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&eCond& Yards Yards Yard. Degrees Degrees F. 8. 7. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0
40 4
0 5450 4500 7060 40.00
39..54 .46
.00 1910
910 764
1562 •
2 1091 892 1409 39.25 .75 1387 1107
3 1487 1202 1912 X897 1.03 1012 780
4 78 1428 2287 38.65 1.35 819 602
5 2044 1612 2603 38.27 1.73 734 509 "

6 2277 1769 2884 37.84 2.16 669 433
7 2491 1902 3134 37.37 2.63 616 366
S2689 2015 3360 36.85 3.15 572 310
9 2873 2110 3564 36.29 3.71 534 259
10 3046 2186 3750 35.70 4-30 502 212

11 3208 2252 3919 35.06 4.94 474 169
12 3362 2301 4074 3439 5.61 449 129
* 13 3508 2338 4216 3.168 6.32 428 91
14 3647 2362 4345 32.93 7.07 408 56
•15 3780 2375 4464 312.14 7.86 390 22
1]6 3907 2377 4574 3L],31 8,69 373 -11 •
17 4029 2368 4674 30.44 9.56 358 -42
18 4146 2349 4766 29.53 10A47 344 -72
19 4259 2321 4850 21.59 11A1 331 -100
.1 20 4367 2283 4927 27.60 12.40 318 -128

21 4471 2235 4996 26.57 13.43 305 -154
22 4570 2180 5064 25.50 1450 293 -180
23 4666 2116 5124 24.-9 15.61 262 -204
24 4758 2044 5179 23.24 16.76 270 -228
25 4847 1%4 5229 22.06 17.94 259 -250

26 4931 1877 5276 20.84 19.16 248 -271 ,
27 5012 1784 5320 19.59 20.41 238 -290
28 5090 1684 5361 18.30 21.70 227 -309
29 5164 1578 5399 16.99 23.01 217 -326
30 5234 1466 5436 15.65 2435 206 -342

31 5301 1350 5471 14.29 25.71 197 -357
32 5365 1229 5504 12.90 27.10 187 -371
33 5426 1103 5537 11.49 28.51 177 -383
"34 5483 973 5569 10.07 29.93 168 -394
35 5538 840 5601 &6.63 1.37 159 -404
CCNFIMENTIAL I - 8 8-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
flioht orznt i range angle angle velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&OCond Yara& Yarda Yard Degrees Degrees 7.8. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
400
35 5538 840 5601 8.63 3L37 159 -404
36 5%9 704 5634 7.18 32.82 150 -413
37 5638 565 5666 5.72 34.28 142 -421
38 5w4 423 5700 4.26 35.74 134 -428
39 5727 279 5734 2.79 37.21 126 -435
40 5768 133 5769 L32 3A.68 118 -440
40.97 5eos5 0 905 .00 40.00 .3 -444
41 5806 -14 5806 -. 14 40.14 111 -444
EIB'
CONFIDENTIAL I - 9 1-125o7 i •
ONTIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Verdtca

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Senda Yard# Yard. Yards Degrees Degrees F. S. P. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0
45
0 0 0 0 45.00 .00 840 840

12 503 495 706 44.57 .43 1765 1724
1009 985 1,410 44.31 .69 1285 1228
1375 1330 1913 44.04 .96 940 871

34 1654 158:3 2289 43.75 1.25 762 676
2606 43.40 L,60 683 576 .
S5 1894 179
-••6 2111 1969 2886 43.00 2.00 623 495
7 2310 2122 3137 42.56 2-4 575 425

42.06 2.92 535 365
89 2495
2W6 2253
2%5 3362
3565 41-% 3.44 501 310
M6" 2460 3750 41L01 3.99 472 261 i
•,10
S11 29&3 2540 3917 40.42 4.51 446 216i
12 3128 2605 4070 39.79 5M21 424 174

13 3266 2656 4209 39.12 5.86 404 134
14 3397 2694 4336 38.42 6.58 387 97
15 3524 2721 4452 37.67 7.33 371 61
17 3761 2739 4653 36.0 8.94 343 -5

318
873 2732 4740 354.29 9.10 310 -37
19 3961 2715 419 34.29 0.n 318 -67
' 20 4085 2687 4M90 3334 11.66 307 -96

"21 4186 2651 4'55 32-34 12.66 296 -124
22 4283 2605 5013 3131 13.69 286 -151
23 4376 2550 5065 3 14.77 275 -178
24 4467 2486 5112 29.10 15.90 265 -203
25 4553 2415 5154 27.94 17.06 255 -226

26 4637 2336 5192 26.74 18.26 245 -249
27 4717 2249 5226 25.49 19.51 236 -271
28 4794 2155 5256 24.21 20.79 226 -291
29 4867 2055 5283 22.89 22.11 216 -310
"30 4936 1949 5308 21.53 23.47 207 -32B

31 5005 1836 5332 20.15 24.85 197 -345
32 5070 1719 5353 18,73 2627 188 -3760
33 5131 1596 5374 17.28 27.72 179 -374
34 5189 1470 5393 15.81 29.19 170 -387
t
35 5245 1339 5413 14.32 30.68 162 -399
CONFIDENTIAL I - 10 6-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal Altitude Slant Vblition Sight Horizontal Vertical
nlight range range angle angle velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Second Yard# Yard# Yard. Degrees Degrees F. 8. P. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
450
35 5245 1339 5413 14.32 30.68 162 -399
36 5297 1204 5432 12.80 32.20 153 -409
37 5347 1066 5452 1127 33.73 145 -419
38 5394 925 5473 9.73 35.27 137 -427
39 5438 781 5494 8.17 36.83 130 -434
40 54 635 5517 6.61 3.3 122 -441

41 5520 487 5541 5.05 39.95 115 -446
42 5557 338 5567 3.48 4L52 106 -451
43 5592 187 5595 1.91 43.09 102 -455
44 5625 35 5625 35 44.65 95 -458
44.23 5632 0 5632 .00 45.00 94 -458
45 5656 -119 5657 -L20 4620 89 -460
S-20 I
. ./
COFIENIA - 11 8-125o7
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal Aitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

flight rnge range angie angle velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Seond. Yard. Yard. Yards Degrees Degrees F. 8. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
5050
0 0 0 0 50%00 a00 764 910

1 457 538 706 49.61 39 1605 1872
2 918 1070 1410 49.37 .63 1172 1339
3 1253 1448 1914 49.13 .87 860 955
4 1507 1725 2291 48.86 1.14 697 744
5 1727 1955 2608 48.54 1.46 626 636

6 1926 2153 2889 48.18 182 572 552
7 2109 2325 3139 47.78 2.22 528 479
8 2279 2473 3W64 47.34 2.66 492 416
9 2438 2602 3566 46.87 3.13 462 359
10 2588 2713 3749 46.36 3.64 436 307

11 2729 2806 3915 45.81 4.19 413 260
12 2863 2887 4066 45.23 4.77 393 216
13 2992 2952 4203 44.62 5.38 376 175
- 14 3=4 3004 4327 43.97 6.03 360 136
15 3232 3043 4439 43.27 6.73 346 99

16 3345 3070 4541 42.55 7.45 334 64
17 3454 3066 4632 41.78 8.22 322 30
S '19 218 3560
3662 3091
3085 4714
4786 40.%
40611 9.04
9.89 301
311 -34
-202
3761
920 27 4854 39.21 10.79 291 -642
21 36 3042 4912 38127 18.73 282 -250
22 4549 303 4%3 3728 12.72 273 -12732
23 4038 2960 517 3&.24 13.76 264 -150
24 4125 2906 5046 35.16 14.84 255 -177 '
25 4209 21843 5079 34.04 15.% 247 -202

"32 4289 2070
2691 5107
5130 32.86
31.64 1U.36
17.14 229
238 -250
-227 .
,27 4367
2604 5149 30.38 19.62 221 -7
:284442
4514 2510 516.5 29.07 20.93 212 -293
•29
30 4584 2409 5178 27.73 22.27 203 -313

3•1 4650 2302 5188 26.33 23.67 195 -331
5197 24.90 25.40 187 -4
or , 3)2 474 218
-364
33) 4774 2070 5204 23,44 26.56 178
34 4832 1946 5209 21.93 28.07 170 -379
35 48 1817 5215 20.40 29.60 162 -392 C41
I - 12 9-12507 ,
' lr
CONFIDENTIAL
CONFIDENTIAL
* Time of Horizontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

flight range range angle angle velocity velocity ,
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&oeeda Yards Yard Yard. Degrees Degrees F. S. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0
so
35 4888 1817 5215 23,0 29.63 162 -392
36 4500 168 5220 1893 31.17 154 -404
37 4990 6548 5225 17.24 32.76 146 -415
38 5028 1406 5231 15.62 34 138 -425
39 1265
3 5236 13.98 36.02 131 -433
40 5125 1120 5246 1232 37.8 124 -441

41 5165 972 5256 10.65 39.35 117 -447
42 5203 822 5267 8.97 41.03 110 -453
43 5239 670 5281 7.29 42.71 104 -458
44 5272 516 5297 5.59 4U,1 96 -462
••45 5304 362 5316 3.90 4b,10 92 -465

S "46 5333 206 5337 2.22 47.78 86 -468
47 5361 50 5361 .54 49.46 81 -469
47.32 5370 0 5370 .00 50.00 79 -470
48 5387 -107 5388 -1.3 51.13 76 -471
Z
.1'. CT
' I
CONFIIDENTIAL I - 13 l
CONFIDENTIAL

1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8
& Yard Ya& Yard Degrees Degrees P.. F.S.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
55
0 0 0 55.00 .00 681 973

S40 576 706 54.65 .35 1434 2006
2 820 1147 1410 54.44 .56 1048 1440
3 1120 1554 1915 54.22 .78 772 1032
4 1348 1855 2293 53.96 1.02 625 807
5 1546 2104 21 53.70 1.30 562 695

6 1725 2320 2891 53.37 1.63 515 605
7 1890 25 3141 53.01 1.99 476 529
8 2043 2674 3365 52.62 2.38 444 462
9 2186 2818 3567 52.19 2.81 417 403
10 2322 2943 3749 51.74 3.26 394 350

11 2450 3052 3913 51L25 3.75 375 301
12 2572 3144 4062 50.72 4.28 357 256
13 2668 3223 4197 50.17 4.83 342 213
14 2800 3287 4318 49.57 5A43 329 173
15 2907 3338 4427 48&95 6.05 317 136

16 3011 3376 4525 48.28 6.72 306 9
47.58 7.42 296 65
17 3112 3405 4612
18 32 3421 4690 46.83 8.17 287 31
19 3303 3426 4759 46.04 8.96 279 -2
4818 45.21 9.79 271 -33

20 3395 3420
m..,iBA
If
',,iCWUNFIFTIAL
I1 S
Time of
flight
BI qde
Horizontal
range
y~pYaj
Altitude
3
Yard"
alson
range
4
Yar
Position
angle
5
Degree
Sight
angle
6
Degrees.S.
Horizontal
velocity
7
Vertical
velocity
8
P.B.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
600
0 0 0 0 60.00 .o 594 1029
1 356 609 705 59.69 j1 1,25O 2125
2 715 in.5 1410 991 .49 916 1530
3 978 15W. 1916 5.32 .6A 676 1100 1
4 1178 1969 2295 59.11 .99 548 862
5 1351 2236 21 58.86 1.14 493 746

6 1508 2469 2893 58.58 1.42 452 652
7 1653 2673 3143 5827 L73 419 573
8 1788 252 3366 57.92 2.06 391 505 L
9 1914 310 3567 57.55 2.45 368 444
& 10 2033 3149 3748 57.14 2.86 348 369

1I 2147 3270 3911 56.72 328 331 338
12 2255 3375 4058 5625 3.75 317 292
13 238 3465 4191 55.76 4,24 304 248
14 2457 3540 4310 55W24 4.76 292 208
15 2553 3603 4416 546 5.32 12 169
16 264S 3653 4510 5409 5.91. 273 132

17 2735 39 4594 53.46 6.54 265 96
18 M22 3718 4666 52.80 7.20 258 62
19 29 3733 4731 52.09 7.9 251 29 i
20 2990 3737 4786 51.34 8.66 245 -4 1
gI
if
CONFIDENTIAL I - 15 - 0
CONFIDENTIAL
'Time of Horizontal Slant Position lght Horizontal Vericld

I flight range range angle antio velocity velocity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SOONd Yard# Yard. Yards Degree. Degree.s. 8. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
650
0 0 0 0 65.00 .00 502 1077
1 301 636 705 64.74 .26 1058 2227
2 605 1273 1410 6 .41 776 1607
124 1729 1917 6.43 .57 574 467
4 9%8 2M6 2296 64.2 .75 465 912
5 1144 2350 2b14 640 %419 790

61Iva 25W 2M9 63,M I,2 A84 6e4m,
7 1401 2614 S144 63.53 1.47 356 612
8 L516 3M0 3367 63.24 L076 333 542
S9 ma2 3176 31567 62.92 2.0 314 479
10 1726 3326 3747 62.56 2.42 296 423

1623 3459 3909 62.21 2.79 233 371
12 1915 3574 4055 61.2 3.18 zn 324
13 2004 3675 4186 61.40 3w60 261 230
14 29 3761 4302 60.95 4.05 251 236
15 2171 3634 4406 60.46 4.52 243 199

16 2251 3694 4496 59.97 5,0 236 1da
17 2329 3941 4578 59.42 5.5 230 125
18 2404 3977 4647 56.65 6.15 224 90
19 2476 4001 4707 5623 6.77 216 5b
• 20 2550 4015 4756 57.56 7T42 214 23
CONFIDENTIAL 1 - 16 -2
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horisontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical

flight range range angle angle velodty veloeity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&Om& Yards Yards Yard. Degree. Degree.s.8. F. 8..
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
700
0 0 0 70.00 .00 406 1116
71 244 w2 705 69.79 .1 826 24312
2 490 1322 1410 69,67 .33 62 1671
9 671 1797 1918 69.532A7 466 1209 1
592B 2445 261.6 69.22 ,78 340 827

61037 2704 2896 6U,3 .97 313 72B
7 1137 2933 3145 68,8 1.19 290 645
8 123 31:35 33N8 6.57 L.43 m7 573
S9 1318 3S. .35668 M832 1,68 256 509
10 1401 3475 3747 67.74 L.% 243

3 451
399
!! .. 148a 36U7 M 67.74 La6
12 1556 3741 4052 67.2 Lis6 222 351

13 1629 3M5 4181 67.0 2.92 214 M06
14 1699 3M6 4296 66.71 329 2M6 M64
4027 47 66W32 3.66 200 224

15 1766
16 182 4095 4466 6.o 43o 194 186
17 1896 4151 4W64 65.45 4.55 16M 150
M
18 1956 4195 4630 ".96 5.02 165 114
19 2019 4228 465 64A47 5,53 181 80
20 20 424 4730 63.92 6,06 178 47
J
1 1
I 1.-12507 Wiw i
CC Ih "
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal AStlade Blunt Position Sight Horizontal Vertical j

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
&oonda Yards Yard. Yard# Degrees Degrees F. 8. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
750
0 0 0 0 75.00 .00 307 1148

1184 681 705 74.84 .16 648 2378
2 371 1360 1410 74.75 2.5 477 1722
74.65 .35 353 1249
3 508 1850 1918
4 613 2215 2298 74.54 .46 287 983
74.41 .59 259 856

5 703 2520 2617
2897 74.26 .74 237 755
6 786 2788
74.10 .90 221 671
7 862 3026 3146
73.92 108 207 597
8 933 3237 3369
3568 73.72 1.28 195 532
9 1000 3425
S10 1063 3592 3747 73,.51 1,49 185 474
1124 3742 M90 73.28 L72 177 421
,11. 12 1181 3874 4050 73.04 1.96 170 372
4177 72.78 2.22 163 327

13 1237 3990
14 19 4092 4291 72.50 2.50 15 285
4180 4390 72.20 2.80 153 245

15 132
4477 71.68 3.12 149 206
16 1393 4255
4552 71.54 3.46 146 170
17 1442 4318
134
18 1490 4369 4616 7M17 3.83 143
S: 70.78 4.22 140 100
19 1537 4408 4668
4435 4709 70.36 4.64 136 67

20 1583
I - 18 *-12Sfl7
"' CONFILENTIAL B-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Horizontal Altdtude Slant Position sight Horizontal Vertical

sight range range angle angle velocity velocity
2 8 4 5 6 78
&Vmon Yard. Ya. Yard Degrees Degrees F. B. F. 8.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
80
BOA .00 206 1170

•1124 0 0 6940 7050 79.90 .10 435 2426
2 249 ]388 1410 79A31 .17 3W• 1756
3 341 less 1918 79.76 .24 2361 1W7
4411 2262 2299 79.69 al 193 106
5 472 2574 2617 79.60 .40 174 877

65211 21149 2898 79.1 .49 160 7755
7 579 X930 )3147 "A .O 149 68
3310 46V
3369 79,27 U3 104 615
'•9 672 3954 3%8( 7MA4 .6 131 550
10 715 3677 3746 79.0 1O0 125 421

11 756 3 . 390 78,8 LIS 119 4,37
S13 832 4091 4175 78,51 1.49
2.32 110
U4 343)
366
12 74 5
4048 7.67
•14 as8 4196 4287 7832 L,68 107 300
903o: 4291 4385 M812 L.ee 104 260 ;•

S16 937 4371 447n 77.90 2.10 101 221
S17 971, 4439 4544 77A/7 233: 9 •
18 1003 4495 4605 77.42 2.56 97 149

19 1035 45N 4655 77a5 2.85 95 115
20 1067 4571 4694 76.36 3.14 94 81
4. tk
r
J 4
f
coxnIDETIAL
Time of Hethlontal Agetude slant Position siht Horiontal Vertical

fliht rae range angle angle Velodity veloeity
1 8
a 4 8 6 7 8
Bomd Yards Yards Yards Degrees Degrees F. F..5.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
850
00 0 0 8505A .00 104 1123

S62 702 705 84.95 A0 218 2455
2 25 1404 1410' 84.91 .09 161 1780

3 171 1911 1919 84," 6 .12 119 1294
4 207 2290 2299 64.84 .16 97 1020
S237 260 64.80 .22 87 890

6 2 206 2589 84.75 ,25 80 787
7 291 314 3147 84.70 .30 75 701
315 3355 3369 .36
J4,64 70 626
9 336 3552 3568 84.57 ,43 66 560
10 399 3r29 3746 64.50 .50 63 501 t

11 3867 3905 84.42 %58 60 447
12 399 4027 4047 ,66
A434 so 396
13 418 4152 4173 84.25 .75 56 352
14 436 4262 425 84.15 .85 54 309
15 454 4359 4362 84.05 .95 52 2w

16 471 4442 4467 83.94 106 51 231
17 40 4512 45 a36 1.17 50 194
18 505 4571 4599 8370 1.0 49 156
19 521 4618 4647 63.56 .44 48 124
20 537 4654 465 63.42 L5 48 91
"1 - 20 8-12507
CONFIDENTIAL
Time of Herizontal Altitude Slant Position Sight Horizontal Vertical
flight range range angle angle veloclty velocity
1 2 8 4 5 6 7 8
SOW"& Yards Yard Yods Degrees Degree& 7.8. F. 5.
ANGLE OF ELEVATION
0!
90goo
0 0 0 0 90.00 .00 0 1188

1 0 705 705 90.00 .00 0 2465
2 0 1410 1410 90.00 .00 0 1788
3 0 1919 1919 90.00 .00 0 1300
4 0 2299 2299 90.00 .00 0 1025
5 0 2618 2618 90.00 .00 0 894

6 0 289M 2M3 90.00 .00 0
7 0 3147 347 90.00 .00 0 705
89 00 3369
3 33%98 900.00 0 630)
90.00 .00 0 564
10 0 3746 3746 90.00 .00 0 504

11 0 3905 3M05 90.00 .00 0 450
12 0 4047 4047 9000 .00 0 401
13 0 4173 4173 90.00 .00 0 355
14 0 4284 4284 90.00 .00 0 312
15 0 43.l 431 90.00 .00 0 272

16 0 4465 4465 90.0 .00 0 234
17
18 0
0 4537
4597 4537
4597 90.00
90.00
.00 0 197
.00 0 162
19 0 4645 4645 9%.00 .00 0 127
20 0 46J2 4W2 90.00 .00 0 94
I 1 2
JCONFIDNTIALT,
i "• T _ 22. l9-1.07 • + l-
Ln 91
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CWIIDTLL
PART II
Drift versus Time of Flight and Position Angle for

70? Propellant Temperature
Deflection due to Cross Wind versus

Tim. of Flight and Position Angle for
7001 Propellant Temperatwe I
14
CONI.TIAL
on 0 C ý4%q Cl
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' •.: CONFIDENTIAL
PART III
Effect on Horizontal Range and Altitude due to:

1.
Change in Elevationer r
"Rear Tind
I.,
II
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CONFIDENTIAL
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COIFIDETIAL
r•
PART W I
Correction. to Sight Angle and Time of Flight fort

Chan in Air Temperature
for 70OF rpel Temperature
C Wi
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CONFIDENTIAL
PART V 1
Sight Angle versus Slant Range and Position Angle for


30• Propellant Temperature
k * 1
C E
• " ' '*CONFIDENTIAL

I n
Ln M
In
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A.l
CONFIDENTILL
PART VI
Sight Angle versus Slant Range and Position Angle for

11O67 Propellant Temperature

I - *
\ • C~tFIDENTIAL
CD.
W P-
LM
In
rol C04
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I 4
-. APPENDIX H [
-
4,
A
NPG REPORT NO. 1351
CONFIDEPTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340
DIS.R BUTION
NOr, o fLAOULO
Bureau of Ordnance:
Ad3 1
Ad6 5
Re2d 1
Res3 1
Re3d 2
R94o
Ro~e 11
Res 1
Armed Services Technical Information Agency

Document Service Center
Knott Building
Dayton 2, Ohio 5
Comnmanding General
Aberdeen Proving Ground
Aberdeens Maryland
Attn: Technical Information Section
Development and Proof Services 1
Attn: Ballistic Research Laboratories 1
Commander, Operational Development Force

U. S. Atlantic ?leet, U. S. Naval Base
Norfolk 11p Vir~iinia 1
Commander V -
U. S. Naval Ordnance Test Station

Inyokern, China Lake, California
Attn: Code 503 2
Commander
Naval Ordnance Laboratory
White Oak# Silver Springs Maryland
Attn: Aerodynamics Dept. 1
CONFIDENTIAL 1

T132 Rocket Gatling

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UNCLASSIFIED

THIS PAGE IS UNCLASSIFIED

mrmed Services Technical Information Agency

Because of our limited a u are requested to

NOTICE: WHEN GOVERNIMT OR OTHER DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS OR OTHER DATA

U. S. NAVAL PROVING GROUND

-- CONFIDENTIAL 10 Date 20 May 1955

U. S. Naval Proving Ground

I Anti-Aircraft Range Table for

NPG REPORT NO. 1351

Task Assignment Nos.

2. 2975 Automatic Rocket Launcher T-llO-E2B Installed

NPG REPORT NO. 1351

4. Portion of Test Records Used for Spin Measurements

NPG REPORT NO. 1351

The Naval Proving Ground was directed by the Bureau of

The report in large part has been revised and edited

The original projects for the design and development

NPG REPORT NO. 1351

The object of this project was to prepare an anti-

Assembled Ammunition T-132 PA-E-11499 P-8206-SB

The cartridge case and gas seal were manufactured by Reo

S5.DESCRIPTION OF TEST EQUIPMENT

The firings were conducted in two phases. The firings

The firing current for all rounds was supplied by a 16 4

done by the launcher sprocket other than in ejecting the

table firings to photograph the rocket flight at the end of

(4) A 35mm Mitchell chronograph camera equipped with

per second was locatad at a down range station. It was used

*1 (9) modified Gunner t s Quadrant Mk 3 was used to

eight inches long and approximately three-quarters of an

6. FIRING AN MEASURMENTS PROCEDURE

S(1) Range Table Firings

The firings were conducted at three rocket

A wind measuring set was placed about 100 feet

obandIndividual values of rocket weights could not be

CONFIDENTIAL NAVORD REPORT NO. 1340

The angles were checked by a boresight and differential

The propellant temperatures used were 30, 70, and llO6F;

phase, except that measurements of rocket height rather

(2) Launcher Jump Test

The ranges and times of flight to impact and

(3) Static Firing Test

b. Reduction of Test Data

Mussle velocities were determined for a total of

(2) Velocity and Slant Range During Burning

Measurements of radial velocity and slant range

The ballistic analysis required that measurements

values of trajectory angle computed from these measurements

(4) Range and Deflection

Measurements of times of flight were obtained from

One source of measurement of spin was the oscillo-

frequency of this modulation was approximately twice the

detailed discussion. A more concise summary of numerical

a. The Perfect Trailing Model

a. The Perfect Trailing Model

model of motion is the assumption that there is no yaw and#

(7 03)A ) - W) + aj- ,.-

x is horisontal range (yds),

wx is range wind (yds/sec),