英语四级历年真题详解

大学英语四级考试2006年 6 月真题
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of
Students Selecting Their Lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline
given below:
1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师
2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素
3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题
Students Selecting Their Lecturers
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ） (15

minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y(for YES)if the statement agrees with the
information given in the passage; N(for NO）if the statement contradicts the information given in
the passage; NG(for NOT GIVEN ） if the information is not given in the passage. For questions
8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Highways
Early in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick,
and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared
for and too narrow to accommodate (容纳）automobiles.
With the increase in auto production, private turnpike (收费公路）companies under local
authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were
built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Macadam
(for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of
adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or
commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the
weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the
U.S. Army ’ s first transcontinental motor convoy ( 车队 ), he noted: “ The old convoy had
started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had
made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land”.
It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway
system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The
war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort: thirteen per cent of defense
plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of
their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a
confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic
standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over
7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and
congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict contract-controlled
design criteria.
The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the
greatest public projects of the century. To build its 44,000 mile web of highways, bridges, and
tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the
many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and
plains. Variables included the slope of the land, and the ability of the pavement to support the
load. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could
run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever
altering the face of America.
Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and
the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort MC Henry in Maryland and Mr.
Baker in Washington developed under the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems
and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway
construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets
and traffic patterns.
Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada and
Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians,
or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The
death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger
miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).
By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and
services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs,
and provided people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care,
and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich
most: personal freedom of mobility.
The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation ’ s economic growth in
terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive
by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey
by vehicle.
Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping
routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and
shopping centres. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from
urban areas to rural.
By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets,
expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles, the high way system was
officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began
he said: “ Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are
dynamic elements in the very name we bear United States. Without them, we would be a mere
alliance of many separate parts.”
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.
2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-
Lane highways of America.
3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national
highway system.
4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in
innovative engineering projects.
5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that
of other American roads.
6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in
America.
7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the inter-state highway
system.
8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was_______.
9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than_______.
10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_______.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the
end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the
conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a
pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide
which is the best answer; then make the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the center.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
11. A) The girls got on well with each other. B) It ’ s understandable that girls don ’ t get
along.
C) She was angry with the other young stars. D) The girls lacked the courage to fight.
12. A) The woman does her own housework. B) The woman needs a housekeeper.
C) The woman’s house is in a mess. D) The woman works as a housekeeper.
13. A) The Edwards are quite well-off.
B) The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.
C) It’ll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.
D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.
14. A) The woman didn’t expect it to be so warm at noon.
B) The woman is sensitive to weather changes.
C) The weather forecast was unreliable.
D) The weather turned cold all of a sudden.
15. A) At a clinic. B) In a supermarket.
C) At a restaurant. D) In an ice cream shop.
16. A) The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.
B) The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.
C) The woman started working at an early age to support her family.
D) The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.
17. A) The man has never seen the woman before.
B) The two speakers work for the same company.
C) The two speakers work in the same floor.
D) The woman is interested in market research.
18. A) The woman can’t tolerate any noise. B) The man is looking for an
apartment.
C) The man has missed his appointment. D) The woman is going to take a train trip.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) To make a business report to the woman.
B) To be interviewed for a job in the woman’s company.
C) To resign from his position in the woman’s company.
D) To exchange stock market information with the woman.
20. A) He is head of a small trading company.
B) He works in an international insurance company.
C) He leads a team of brokers in a big company.
D) He is a public relations officer in a small company.
21. A) The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.
B) Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman’s responsibilities.
C) Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.
D) The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders’ past experience.

22. A) She’s worried about the seminar. B) The man keeps interrupting her.
C) She finds it too hard. D) She lacks interest in it.
23. A) The lecturers are boring. B) The course is poorly designed.
C) She prefers Philosophy to English. D) She enjoys literature more.
24. A) Karen’s friend. B) Karen’s parents.
C) Karen’s lecturers. D) Karen herself.
25. A) Changing her major.
B) Spending less of her parents’ money.
C) Getting transferred to the English Department.
D) Leaving the university.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C ） and D).
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body.
C) Bury the dead near a church. D) Buy a piece of land for a grave.
27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B) To see whether they have decayed.
C) To follow the Greek religious practice. D) To move them to a multi-storey graveyard.
28. A) They should be buried lying down.
B) They should be buried standing up.
C) They should be buried after being washed.
D) They should be buried when partially decayed.
29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes. B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place.
C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D) Digging up dead bodies after three years.
Passage Two
30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year.
B) Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.
C) The United States is a country of immigrants.
D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.
31. A) They can make friends with people from other countries.
B) They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.
C) They can practice speaking foreign languages there.
D) They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.
32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the children help them.
B) The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress.
C) The mother does the cooking while the father and children serve the guests.
D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.
Passage Three
33. A) He took them to watch a basketball game.
B) He trained them to play European football.
C) He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket.
D) He taught them to play an exciting new game.
34. A) The players found the basket too high to reach.
B) The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.
C) The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules.
D) The players soon found the game boring.
35. A) By removing the bottom of the basket. B) By lowering the position of the basket.
C) By simplifying the complex rules. D) By altering the size of the basket.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the
first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second
time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have
just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main
points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check
what you have written.
注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。
For Americans, time is money. They say, “You only get so much time in this life, you’d
better use it wisely.” The 36 will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are
37 to see things unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans 38
a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a 39 for doing
them. The ideal person is punctual and is 40 of other people ’ s time. They do not 41
people’s time with conversation or other activity that has no 42 beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not 43 shared by others, especially non-
Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as 44 . One of the more difficult things many
students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and
used wisely every day.
In this context 45 . McDonald’s, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful
in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating
meals. As McDonald’s restaurants 46 , bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed,
efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) （25 minutes）

Section A
Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of
the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean
and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信风), which affects the ocean currents
driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing
the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的) air over the
ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America,
50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So
while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor
crops and 51 .
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 El Nino brought the most 52
weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and
caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995.
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 but they are
still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
A) estimate B) strength C) deliberately D) notify E) tropical
F) phenomenon G) stable H) attraction I) completely J)
destructive
K) starvation L) bringing M) exhaustion N) worth O) strike
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The
first study to compare honesty across a range of communication media has found that people are
twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are
automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—appears to be the key to the
finding.
Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, asked 30 students to keep a
communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email
exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.
Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies
made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 percent of face-to-face
interactions and an astonishing 37 percent of phone calls.
His results, to be presented at the conference on human computer interaction in Vienna,
Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars,
reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of
e-mailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face
exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.
But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be
reread, and whether occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the
communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear
in email than on the phone.
People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message to phone call, say—than
if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous (脱口
而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?”
Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees
to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are
encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment, where honesty is a priority,
might be best done using email.
57. Hancock’s study focuses on_______ .
A) the consequences of lying in various communications media
B) the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas
C) people’s preference in selecting communications technologies
D) people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media
58. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that_______.
A) people are less likely to lie in instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions
C) people are most likely to lie in e-mail communication
D) People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations
59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of
communication?
A) They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when using those media.
D) They are most practised at those forms of communication.
60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales
because_______.
A) salesmen can talk directly to their customers
B) salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate
C) salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy
D) salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively
61. It can be inferred from the passage that_______.
A) honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications
B) more employers will use e-mails to communicate with their employees
C) suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes
D) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company
Passage Two
In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to
come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed
more pressing.
On Dec.11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, Federal and local
authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel” —raids on airports to arrest employees
with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured
were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America.
Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈)
by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as
if they were being treated like disposable goods.
Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we
want you to work in these places, and we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our
laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of
national security, especially after Sept.11, then you ’ re disposable. There are whole families
being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.
If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could
have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. Ana Castro, a manager at a Ben &
Jerry ’ s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social
Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are
living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled.
While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she
has returned to her job at Ben Jerry’s.
62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation_______.
A) composed of people having different values B) encouraging individual pursuits
C) sharing common interests D) founded on shared ideals
63. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?
A) Guilty. B) Offended.
C) Disappointed. D) Discouraged.
64. Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because______.
A) evidence was found that they were potential terrorists
B) most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacks
C) terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status
D) they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport
65. By saying “we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2,
Para.3), Mayor Alderson means“_______”.
A) we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status
B) we will examine the laws in a different way
C) there are other ways of enforcing the law
D) the existing laws must not be ignored
66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?
A) She will be deported sooner or later.
B) She is allowed to study permanently.
C) Her case has been dropped
D) Her fate remains uncertain.
Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices
marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits
into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through
the centre.
Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock
could be just for you. The clock, called Sleep Smart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits 67
you to be in your lightest phase of sleep 68 rousing you. Its makers say that should 69 you
wake up feeling refreshed every morning.
As you sleep you pass 70 a sequence of sleep: states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM
(rapid eye movement）sleep—that 71 approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle
at which you wake can 72 how you feel later, and may 73 have a greater impact than how
much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase 74 you are more likely to
wake up energetic.
Sleep Smart 75 the distinct pattern of brain waves 76 during each phase of sleep, via a
headband equipped 77 electrodes ( 电极 ) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical
activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the 78 way as some machines used for medical and
research 79 , and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You 80 the clock
with latest time at 81 you want to be wakened, and it 82 duly (适时地) wakes you during
the last light sleep phase before that.
The 83 was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island 84 a
friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. “ 85 sleep deprived
people ourselves, we started thinking of 86 to do about it ” , says Eric Shashoua, a recent
college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a
company created by the students to develop their idea.
67. A) beside B) near C) for D) around
68. A) upon B) before C) towards D) till
69. A) ensure B) assure C) require D) request
70. A) through B) into C) about D) on
71. A) reveals B) reverses C) resumes D) repeats
72. A) effect B) affect C) reflect D) perfect
73. A) already B) every C) never D) even
74. A) means B) marks C) says D) dictates
75. A) removes B) relieves C) records D) recalls
76. A) proceeded B) produced C) pronouncedD) progressed
77. A) by B) of C) with D) over
78. A) familiar B) similar C) identical D) same
79. A) findings B) prospects C) proposals D) purposes
80. A) prompt B) program C) plug D) plan
81. A) where B) this C) which D) that
82. A) then B) also C) almost D) yet
83. A) claim B) conclusion C) concept D) explanation
84. A) once B) after C) since D) while
85. A) Besides B) Despite C) To D) As
86. A) what B) how C) whether D) when
Part Ⅵ Translation （5 minutes）

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese
given in brackets.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble___________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).
88. ______________(为了挣钱供我上学), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.
89. The professor required that ______________ (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday.
90. The more you explain, ________________(我愈糊涂).
91. Though a skilled worker, ______________( 他被公司解雇了 )last week because of the
economic crisis.
大学英语四级考试2006年6月真题精读笔记
Part Ⅰ Writing
一、审题谋篇
就体裁来说，本次四级作文为议论文，话题是关于学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师，
属于校园类话题。
根据提示信息可以判断本文为提纲式作文，据此可以把文章分为三段。首段介绍文章
的主题 “ Some universities give students freedom to choose their own lecturers for some
courses”。第二段进行事实说明，分析学生选择老师可能考虑的因素：教学风格(teaching
style)、学术水平（academics）、个性（personality）、作业要求（assignments）等。由于篇幅
有限，考生不能一一列举。应从中选取比较有代表性的、易于表达的，使用 firstly ，
secondly… 等词进行逻辑组织。第三段是结论段，从事情的两面性指出其 positive and
negative effects。
写作时，要选择适当的角度，最好使用第三人称进行论述，这样会让文章读起来更加客
观，观点更容易被接受。
二、参考范文
　　Students Selecting Their Lecturers
An increasing number of universities are undertaking some changes by giving their students
freedom to choose their own lecturers for some courses. This practice, ever since it comes out, has
been very popular with students.
There are several factors influencing students ’ choice of the lecturers. Firstly, an ideal
lecturer should have an interesting and humorous teaching style, so that students can learn their
subjects in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere. Secondly, a diverse academic background is also
preferred since a knowledgeable teacher can greatly enlarge students’ scope of knowledge. Last
but not least, a teacher with an agreeable personality is also desirable to students.
This practice undoubtedly has lots of positive effects on the present college education, as it
can encourage students to take an active part in study and urges teachers to improve their teaching
quality. However, it can inevitably bring some negative effects. For instance, some teachers may
try to cater to the students’ interest to increase the popularity of their lessons, while ignoring the
teaching plan, which may lead to the opposite direction of high education quality.
越来越多的大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师。这一举措，自施行之日起，就
深受同学们的欢迎。
有几个因素会影响到学生对老师的选择。首先，理想的教师应该具有风趣幽默的教学风
格，为学生创造一种轻松舒适的学习环境。其次，教师知识多样化也会得到学生的喜爱，因
为一个学识渊博的教师会极大地影响学生的知识范围。最后但同样重要的是教师平易近人的
个性，这在学生选择教师时也是颇具吸引力的。
该举措的实施无疑对当前的大学教育产生了很多积极的影响。一方面，它鼓励学生对学
习采取更加积极的态度；另一方面，也会促使教师更好地改进自己的教学。然而，它不可避
免地也会有诸多负面影响。例如，教师有可能只顾迎合学生的要求而忽视教学计划，从而背
离高质量大学教育的目标。
三、范文点评
对题材的成功挖掘是写出好文章的前提。文章第二段具体选择了三种比较全面并具有
代表性的原因。这样一来，段落层次分明又符合逻辑，是很成功的构思。文章最后一段正反
两方面的论述也颇有深度。语言表述简练，没有语言错误。形容词、动词的选择多样化，富
有变化。
【生动的用词】undertake实行；ideal理想的；diverse多样的；prefer喜欢；agreeable平易近人
的；desirable渴望得到的；undoubtedly毫无疑问；inevitably毋庸置疑
【丰富的短语】cater to满足；lead to导致；be popular with受欢迎；have effects on对……有影
响
【多变的句式】
本文行文过程中尝试着变换不同的句式，让文章读起来不那么枯燥。多种时态交叉使用，
使作者思想清晰明了。如：“Firstly, an ideal lecturer should have an interesting and humorous
teaching style, so that students can learn their subjects in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere.
Secondly, a diverse academic background is also preferred since a knowledgeable teacher can
greatly enlarge students’ scope of knowledge.”逻辑性强，语言功底深，为文章增添了亮点。
借助逻辑关联词，如since，as，however等，以及顺序关联词，如firstly，secondly，
last but not least等，可使论述连贯，思路清晰易懂。文中最后一句是非限定性定语从句
“which may lead to the opposite direction of high education quality”，它的使用突出了作者鲜
明的态度，且言简意赅，紧扣提纲。
四、避错指导
考生在本次四级考试写作过程中主要会出现一个问题：主题不明确。主题不明确的原
因未必在于审题不当，而是由于不会写主题句。主题句如果过于宽泛概括，会影响考生集中
精力阐述主题，甚至使考生下笔千言却离题万里。如本次写作过程中有些考生将主题句写成
“possible ways to make the teaching more attractive”或“how to help students study better”等
都会使论述偏离主题。避免此问题的办法是参照提纲写主题句，围绕主题句展开讨论。
行文过程中很多考生为了“展示文采”或是出于习惯，喜欢写一些长句或松散句，但
很有可能所写的句子成分不全，或逻辑混乱。如：
1. Students can learn more professional knowledge what can give them best help in their future
work.
【纠错】该句的主干成分为Students can learn more professional knowledge，其后的成分从语
法结构上看应为knowledge的定语，what引导名词性从句不能充当定语，此处的引导词应为
which 或 that 。另外， learn 一般不与 konwledge 搭配，说 “ 学习知识 ” 一般用 get/acquire
knowledge。
【改正】 Students can get more professional knowledge which/that can give them best help in
their future work.
2. Any university, that is blind to students’ interest in study, may fail to improve its education
quality.
【纠错】该句两个逗号之间的成分应为非限定性定语从句（即定语从句与所修饰的先行词之
间用逗号隔开了），其先行词为any university。虽然that可以引导定语从句修饰其前面的名词，
但当该名词与定语从句之间用逗号隔开时，引导词应使用which，而非that。
【改正】Any university, which is blind to students’ interest in study, may fail to improve its
education quality.
3. Some people believe that students pay a lot of attention to their lecturers even if they value
their college education.
【纠错】even if意为“即使，纵然”，该词的使用令该句的逻辑出现混乱，因为even if作连词
引导让步状语从句，如I will leave this company, even if I have to pay a high price. （纵然我会
付出很大代价，我也要离开这家公司。）从逻辑上看，they value their college education应为前
句的原因或条件。
【改正】 Some people believe that students pay a lot of attention to their lecturers since they
value their college education.
另外，考生在使用固定短语时的错误也比较普遍。如“在校园里”应为on campus，很
多考生误写成in campus；“令人满意地”应为to one’s satisfaction，考生误用to one’s
satisfied；“相比之下”应使用by contrast，考生误用by the contrast等等，不胜枚举。
总之，好的作文应在保证句子正确的前提下，尝试着变换不同的句式，从而让文章读起
来不那么枯燥。但行文过程中要特别留意句子的结构和词语的固定用法，避免因表述不清或
错误造成失分。
五、能力拓展
【同义词转换】
1. emphasize → put / lay emphasis on 强调
Universities should lay emphasis on students’ cultivation of their professional skills. 大学应
该注重培养学生的职业技能。
2. face → confront 面对
However, teachers are confronted with more pressure to increase the popularity of their
lessons. 然而教师面临着提高学生对自己课程的喜欢度的巨大压力。
3. good → beneficial / positive 好，有益的
The practice of giving students more freedom to choose their lecturers for some courses has
produced lots of positive effects. 学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师这一举措已经产生了
好的效果。
【话题备考锦囊】
1. Teachers may put more emphasis on exerting their influence on students. 老师会更加注重对
学生施加影响。
2. There is no denying that this practice will appeal to students. 不可否认这一举措对学生很有
吸引力。
3. A teacher who is skillful in delivering his lecture can undoubtedly inspire the mind of
students. 一个授课熟练的老师毫无疑问会激发学生的灵感。
4. The freedom entitled to students can help them get into the role of being responsible for their
study. 赋予学生的自由会帮助学生更好地为自己的学习负责。
5. We should take the possible side-effects into consideration. 我们应该考虑其负面影响。
【话题词汇拓展】
contributive a. 有帮助的
controversial a. 有争议的
diverse a. 多种多样的
entitle v. 给……权利
flexible a. 灵活的
inspire v. 鼓舞，激发
pressure n. 压力
quality-oriented education 素质教育
academic performance 学习成绩
be confronted with 面临，面对
development of personality 个性发展
teaching method 教学方法
六、命题风向标
新四级考试并没有改变对写作的测试标准和要求，但在出题顺序上却做了明显的调整：
写作作为第一项考查的内容，被提到新四级试卷的最开头，这令许多考生感觉不适应。
从命题类型上讲，06年6月24日的四级作文属于标准的现象解释题目，同时含有一些对
比观点型题目的成分，其实就是现象解释与对比观点的结合。与之前的考试不同，这次考试
在提纲上略显隐晦，它以“学生要考虑的因素”这种形式，在一定程度上向考生传达了“学
生为什么要选择老师”的思想。这就需要考生对题材进行成功挖掘。另一方面，本次考试依
然沿袭过去的做法，将“解决途径”和“现实意义”加以掩盖，让考生充分想象构思，增加
难度。尤其是在谈到选择老师的影响时，出题者故意以双刃剑的形式——选择的好处以及所
带来的问题双方面示人，借以刁难考生。
2006年新《四级考试大纲》规定：写作选用考生所熟悉的题材。因此与考生的学习生活
息息相关的社会热点话题和校园话题成为新《教学要求》颁布后的主要命题范围。本次四级
试卷，体现了“以学生为中心”的主题特点，学生普遍感觉亲切。根据考试改革方案和课程
教学要求的相关规定，应用文写作、说明文和议论文仍将是新四级作文的主攻方向。考生平
时应有意识地就他们感兴趣的话题进行思考和拓展，力争在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
一、篇章结构
二、核心词汇
1® accommodate v. ①供给 ②适应，迎合 ③容纳
【搭】accommodate to适应，顺应【拓】accommodation n.（常pl.）住宿，膳宿
2® authority n. ①权力 ②权威 ③（常pl.）当局
【搭】an authority on在……方面的权威；authority over对……人的凌驾
3® adequate a. ①充足的，足够的 ②适当的，胜任的
【用】problem of adequate food and clothing 温饱问题【搭】be adequate for sth.……充足；
be adequate to (doing) sth. 胜任【拓】adequacy n. 足够；inadequate a. 不充足的，不适当的
【辨】enough，sufficient，adequate 都表示足够的意思，但是enough 指愿望上的满足；
sufficient指需要的，达到目的的满足，所以事实上常常已经 sufficient，但并不一定感到
enough；adequate表示刚够、正合适的意思。
4® restriction n. 限制，约束
【用】supervision and restriction 监督制约；legal restrictions法律限制【拓】restrict v. 限制，
约束；restrict…to 把……限制在； restrictive a.限制的，约束的
5® essential a. ①本质的，实质的 ②提炼的，精华的 n.①本质，实质 ②要素，要点
【搭】be essential to 对……绝对必要，极其重要【拓】essentially ad. 基本上，本质上【辨】
necessary和essential 都有必要的意思，但是意思有所不同。necessary指一般的和不确定的用
语。essential是绝对意味最强的用语，指事物的本质。
6® immense a. 极广大的，无边的
【拓】immensely ad. 非常地，极端地；immensity n. 巨大，广大
7® dynamic a. ①动力的，动态的 ②有活力的，强有力的 n. 动力学
【用】dynamic economics 动态经济学；a man of dynamic personalities 性格活跃的人；
dynamic phenomenon动态现象；a dynamic market充满活力的市场
三、试题详解
1. 【答案】N
【原题译文】1921年，相关公路建设的国家标准出台。
【快速解题】本题的题干的关键词是by 1921，National standards和paved roads，由此可定位
到原文第二段的开头部分。
【篇章分析】原文第二段起始部分说，“by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads.
Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers…Beyond that, there were
no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs.”该题的表述显然与原文
是相互矛盾的，所以是不对的。
2. 【答案】Y
【原题译文】艾森豪威尔将军认为宽阔的德国高速公路比美国双车道公路更合理。
【快速解题】本题的关键是General Eisenhower，由此即可定位到第二段的后半部分。
【篇章分析】原文第二段后半部分指出：“When General Eisenhower…he noted: The old
convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany ’ s Autobahn or
motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”这显然与本题表述
是一致的，所以正确。
3. 【答案】Y
【原题译文】美国政府是在20世纪50年代最终开始建设国家公路系统的。
【快速解题】本题的题干是1950s，由此可以快速准确地定位到第四段首句。
【篇章分析】原文第四段首句指出：“The interstate highway system was finally launched in
1956.”这显然与本题表述是一致的，所以正确。
4. 【答案】Y
【原题译文】由国家地理面貌引起的众多问题在创新性工程项目中得到了解决。
【快速解题】本题的题干是geographical features和innovative，由此即可定位到本文第四段。
【篇章分析】原文第四段指出：“ Consider the many geographic features of the country…
Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run
through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering
the face of America.”这显然与本题表述是一致的，所以正确。
5. 【答案】N
【原题译文】尽管考虑到了安全因素，美国州际公路的死亡率仍高于其他道路的死亡率。
【快速解题】本题的题干是death rate，interstate highway和higher，由此可定位到本文第六段
最后一句。
【篇章分析】原文第六段最后一句指出：“The death rate on highways is half that of all other
U.S roads.”这与该题的表述显然是矛盾的，所以错误。
6. 【答案】NG
【原题译文】州际公路系统为美国各主要军事基地提供通道。
【快速解题】本题的题干是major military installations，由题干中的military即可定位到本文第
三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段第三句指出：“The war demonstrated how critical highways were to
the defense effort.” 原文显然没有提及州际公路系统是否为美国各主要军事基地提供通道。
这道题没有信息依据，所以答案是NG。
7. 【答案】N
【原题译文】服务站、汽车旅馆和饭店推动了州际公路系统的快速发展。
【快速解题】由题干中的Service stations，motels and restaurants即可定位到本文倒数第二段。
【篇章分析】原文倒数第二段指出：“Not only has the highway system affected the American
economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service
stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centres.”这与该题的表述显然是矛盾的，所以错误。
8. 【答案】personal freedom of mobility
【原题译文】州际公路系统带来的最大好处是______。
【快速解题】本题的题干是greatest benefit，由此即可定位到本文第七段的最后一句。
【篇章分析】原文第七段最后一句指出：“Above all, the interstate system provides individuals
with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.”显然，题干中的greatest benefit与原
文中的they cherish most对应，brought about与原文中的provide…with…对应，所以本题填原
文内容personal freedom of mobility即可。
9. 【答案】75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries
【原题译文】超过______由使用州际高速公路的卡车来运送。
【快速解题】本题的题干是trucks和deliver more than，由此即可定位到原文第八段首句。
【篇章分析】原文第八段首句指出：“more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries
arrive by truck.”所以本题填原文内容75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries即可。
10. 【答案】his vision and leadership
【原题译文】州际高速公路以艾森豪威尔的名字重新命名，以此来纪念______。
【快速解题】本题的题干是renamed after Eisenhower，由此可定位到原文最后一段中间部分。
【篇章分析】原文最后一段的中间部分指出：“…the high way system was officially renamed
for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership.”本题与原文的语序是一致的，只是将原文
to honor后面的成分改为由in recognition of（表示对……的认可）引起的空格，所以填入his
vision and leadership即可。
四、全文精译
公路
20世纪初期，美国的大多数街道和公路是用泥土、砖块和杉木板铺设的。这种为骑马、
赶车和步行设计的道路通常养护不佳且过于狭窄，容纳不下汽车行驶。
随着汽车产量的增加，私营的收费公路公司在地方政府的支持下如雨后春笋般涌现。截
止到1921年，一共铺设了38.7万公里的公路。其中，大多数公路沿用了19世纪苏格兰工程师
托马斯·特尔福德和约翰·麦克亚当（碎石路面就是以他的名字命名的）所制定的规范，这种
建造规范强调道路排水通畅的重要性。此外，当时并没有针对道路规格、载重限制和商业标
牌的全国性标准。一战期间，货车几乎把全国的公路都破坏掉了。当艾森豪威尔将军1919年
从德国回来，到美军第一个跨大陆机动车队任职时，他指出：“这些老车队使我想到要建造
良好的双车道公路，而德国的机动车道让我看到了在全国建造更宽的道路的明智所在。”
联邦政府真正开始建立国家公路系统是在另一次战争之后。二战时期，对货车和新道路
数量的需求大幅度上升。战争证明了道路对于防御工作的重要性。13%生产防御设备的工厂
靠卡车运送原材料，而几乎其他所有工厂半数以上的产品都由汽车运送。战争同样也暴露了
各地建设的公路因设计标准的差异所带来的问题。就连联邦和各州的公路都没有一个基本标
准。一些州允许卡车载重量高达3.6万磅，但另一些却限制载重不可以超过7,000磅。一项政
府研究项目建议在全国建设一个总长度为33,920英里的国家公路系统，国会很快通过了
《1944年联邦资助公路法案》，提出要建立严格的、由中央控制的道路建设规范。
州际公路体系最终于1956年动工，它被誉为那个世纪最伟大的公共建设项目。为建设其
4.4万公里长的公路—桥梁—隧道网，人们制定了数以百计的有针对性的工程设计方案和解
决办法。方案要考虑到各地的地理特征：山地、陡坡、湿地、河流、沙漠和平原。道路
的各种变化包括地面的倾斜程度、公路的载重负荷能力、道路的使用强度和地表土壤的种类。
城市区域有另外的问题。能够穿过或绕过城市区域的道路、隧道、桥梁、天桥和立交桥等创
新设计在全国各地涌现出来，永远改变了美国的面貌。
像路易斯安娜的黑尔·博格斯大桥和佛罗里达的阳光高架桥一样的长跨度混凝土吊索
桥，以及像马里兰的麦克亨利堡隧道和华盛顿的贝克山的著名隧道，它们的建设都克服了地
理环境的挑战。由州际公路项目所发展起来的交通控制体系和建造方法，很快就影响了全世
界的公路建设，并在改善城市街道和交通模式方面起到了不可估量的作用。
现在，州际交通体系不仅连接了美国国内的各大城市，并且把美国与加拿大和墨西哥连
接了起来。出于安全性的考虑，公路都建有宽敞的车道和路肩、分隔栏或路障、较长的入口
和出口车道、为安全拐弯而设计的弯转，以及限制出入的通道。高速公路上的事故死亡率仅
为美国其他道路的一半（高速公路旅客周转量1亿人英里的死亡率是0.86，而其他公路则是
1.99）。
高速公路开放了美洲大陆，让消费品和服务可以惠及边远的农村地区，刺激了郊区的发
展，给人们提供了更多的就业、文化、医疗和其他福利的选择。总之，州际公路体系提供了
个人最为珍视的东西：个人迁移的自由。
从海运和创造就业机会的角度来说，州际交通体系一直是国家经济增长不可或缺的要
素：全国75%以上的货运由卡车完成，且大多数空运和铁路运输产品最终也将通过跨州系统
由汽车运送到目的地。公路系统不但提供了海运通道，影响了美国的经济，还促进了服务站、
汽车旅馆、饭店、购物中心等副业的增长。它还使制造厂和其他工业设施得以从城市迁向
乡村。
到上世纪末，美国已经建成了集公路、住宅区街道、高速公路于一体的巨大的道路网络，
足以容纳数以百万计的车辆。公路系统被正式更名为艾森豪威尔，以纪念其远见卓识和领导
才华。在开工的那一年，艾森豪威尔曾说：“通信和交通系统的联合力量是我国最重要的活
力来源。失去它们，我们仅是各自分裂的松散联盟。”
Part III Listening Comprehension

Section A
试题详解
11.A) The girls got on well with each A) 女孩们相处得很好。
other.
B) It’s understandable that girls don’ B) 女孩子们相处不好是可以理

t get along. 解的。
C) She was angry with the other C) 她对其他的年轻明星非常生
young stars. 气。
D) The girls lacked the courage to D) 女孩们缺乏勇气去打架。

fight.
【解题核心】选项表明对话与女孩们之间的相处情况有关。D选项与其他三项内容明显不同，
可初步排除。选项B、C意思相近，均表示女孩们相处得不太好，故二者均不大可能为答案。
A选项则表示女孩们相处得非常好，与选项B、C同时相反，根据命题规律，同时与两个意
思相近的选项相反的选项很可能为答案。因此可初步推测本题答案为A。听音时重点留意女
孩们相处得如何（“好”还是“不好” ）。
【正确项分析】从对话中女士连续说的两个great可推知她和那些年轻明星相处愉快。注意对
话中的“didn’t get along”是别人说的，并且女士对此非常气愤。A选项中“get on (along)
with sb.”为“与……和睦相处” ，与原文中的“没有打架，过得很开心”相符。
【原文及译文】
M: What was it like working with those young stars?
W: It was a great group. I always got mad when people said that we didn ’ t get along, just
because we’re girls. There was never a fight. We had a great time.
Q: What does the woman mean?
男士：你和那些年轻的明星一起工作感觉怎样？
女士：那是一个非常棒的团队。令我一直恼火的是，因为我们都是女孩，人们就说我们相处
不和睦。我们从来没有打过架，并且度过了一段美好的时光。
问题：该女士是什么意思？
【核心词汇】get mad ①恼火 ②发脾气；get along ①相处，(与……)和睦相处 ②进展，进
步 ③带走，拿走
12.A) The woman does her own A) 女士自己做家务。
housework.
B) The woman needs a housekeeper. B) 女士需要一名清洁工。
C) The woman’s house is in a mess. C) 女士的房子一团糟。
D) The woman works as a housekeeper. D) 女士是一名清洁工。
【解题核心】本题关键是对否定疑问句“don’t have a housekeeper”的回答“No, we don’

t.”的理解，意为“是的，我们不用清洁工”。听音时应留意以下选项要点：woman——自
己做housework；需要housekeeper。make a mess意为“弄脏，弄乱” 。
【正确项分析】听力原文中的“you clean up yourself”是指谁弄乱了谁整理，所以与对话中
的“女士没有请清洁工”意义相符，故选项A正确。
M: Are you telling me you don’t have a housekeeper?
W: No, we don’t. If you make a mess, you clean up yourself.
Q: What do we learn from this conversation?
男士：你的意思是你没有管家吗？
女士：是的，我们没有。如果你弄乱了，请自己整理。
问题：从这段对话中可以得知什么？
【核心词汇】in a mess 一团糟；make a mess 搞成一团糟
13. A) The Edwards are quite well-off. A) 爱德华一家十分富裕。
B) The Edwards should cut down on their B) 爱德华一家应该缩减
living expenses. 生活开支。
C) It ’ ll be unwise for the Edwards to buy C) 爱德华一家再买一栋
another house. 房子是不明智的。
D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live D) 对于爱德华一家来说，

in their present house. 住在现在的房子里太
贵了。
【解题核心】由选项中should, unwise等词可推测问题应该涉及到看法或建议。选项中living
expenses和buy another house表明对话应与the Edwards的生活开支和购房计划有关。A与其他
三项内容明显不同，可初步排除。听音时应重点留意以下两点：cut down expenses和unwise
to buy house。
【正确项分析】女士提出话题后，男士用“Should they be doing that…”表示不赞成，然后
进一步解释了原因：其他支出、七十岁高龄、现在房子不差。综合上述因素，C为正确选项。
【干扰项分析】选项A所说的爱德华一家很富裕，原文中并未提及。选项B中的“缩减开支”
在原文中也未提及。D项更是偏离主题。
W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.
M: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay? Anyhow, they are over
70 now, and their present house is not too bad.
Q: What does the man imply?
女士：我听说爱德华一家正打算再买一栋房子。
男士：难道他们要花费所有用于其他必要支出的钱来买房子吗？不管怎么说，他们现在已经
七十了，并且他们现在的房子也不差啊。
问题：男士所说的话暗指什么？
【核心词汇】well-off a. ①手头宽裕的 ②顺利的 ③走运的；cut down on ①减少 ②削减；
living expense 生活费用
14. A) The woman didn’t expect it to be A) 女士没有料到中午会很暖
so warm at noon. 和。
B) The woman is sensitive to weather B) 女士对于天气变化很敏
changes. 感。
C) The weather forecast was unreliable. C) 天气预报不可信。
D) The weather turned cold all of a D) 天气突然变冷。
sudden.
【解题核心】选项表明对话与天气变化和女士的反应有关。C选项与其他选项内容明显不同，
可初步排除。A和D意思相反，故很可能有一个为答案。因此听音时重点关注天气是突然
“变冷”还是“变暖”，抓住女士回答中的关键词 didn’t expect，the weather和change
quickly。
【正确项分析】女士明确说明“中午很暖和，没有想到天气变化如此快”，抓住男士话中的
freezing to death（冷得要命）这与选项D“天气突然变冷”为同义表达。
【干扰项分析】选项A为原文中个别词的拼凑。选项B中的sensitive是主观臆断，原对话中并
没有涉及。选项C的“weather report”更是无中生有。
M: You look like you are freezing to death. Why don’t you put this on?
W: Thank you. It was so warm at noon. I didn’t expect the weather to change so quickly.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
男士：看起来你快冻死了。为什么不穿上这个呢？
女士：谢谢。中午那么暖和，我没料到天气会变化得如此快。
问题：从这段对话可得知什么？
【核心词汇】sensitive a. ①敏感的 ②神经过敏的 ③易受伤害的 n. 敏感的人；reliable a.
①可靠的 ②可信赖的
15.A) At a clinic. A) 诊所。
B) In a supermarket. B) 超市。
C) At a restaurant. C) 餐厅。
D) In an ice cream shop. D) 冰激凌店。
【解题核心】本题是地点猜测题，重点在于抓住有代表性的词汇，根据其确立的语境，即可
获得答案。一般这类题目的信息词都不只一个，因此切忌听到只言片语就妄下结论。
【正确项分析】由“牛排、炸薯条、甜点”可立即推想对话发生在餐厅。后面的“不如点一
些蔬菜水果吧”，更加确认应选C项。
M: I’ll have the steak, French fries, and let’s see, chocolate ice cream for dissert.
W: Oh, oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar. How about
ordering some vegetables and fruit instead?
Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?
男士：我点牛排和炸薯条，甜点是巧克力冰激凌。
女士：喂喂，这些东西含有过多脂肪和糖，对身体健康有害。不如点一些蔬菜水果吧？
问题：这段对话很可能发生在哪儿？
【核心词汇】order v. ①点(菜、饮料等) ②预定n. ①订单 ②命令
16. A) The woman did not feel any danger A) 女士在布朗克斯长大，并
growing up in the Bronx. 没有觉得不安全。
B) The man thinks it was quite safe living B) 男士认为住在布朗克斯十
in the Bronx district. 分安全。
C) The woman started working at an early C) 女士很小就开始工作养家
age to support her family. 糊口。
D) The man doesn’t think it safe to send D) 男士认为让一个八岁小女

an 8-year-old to buy things. 孩去买东西很不安全。
【解题核心】选项表明对话与在Bronx区成长或生活的安全状况有关。由选项中feel, think等
词可推测问题与某人的看法或感受有关。C选项与其他选项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。
选项要点为：woman－no danger；man－safe/ not safe。故听音时重点应留意男士或女士是觉
得Bronx区是“安全”还是“不安全” 。
【正确项分析】话题是男士问女士在布朗克斯区生活是否安全，女士的回答是肯定的，所以
选项A正确。
【干扰项分析】男士并没有对居住在布朗克斯区发表任何看法，故选项B、D均为错误选项。
女士只提到大概八岁时她就去商店买东西，而不是选项C所说的很小就开始养家糊口。
M: What was it like growing up in New York’s Bronx District? Was it safe?
W: To me it was. It was all I knew. My mom would send me to the shop and I’d go and buy
things when I was about 8 years old.
男士：在纽约的布朗克斯区（纽约最北端的一个区）长大感觉怎么样？那里安全吗？
女士：对我来说，是安全的。据我了解，也是安全的。我母亲以前常常让我去商店，我在大
约八岁的时候就去商店买东西了。
问题：从这段对话中可得知什么？
【核心词汇】grow up ①长大，成熟 ②形成，发展
17. A) The man has never seen the woman A) 男士在此之前从来没有见
before. 过女士。
B) The two speakers work for the same B) 两人供职于同一家公司。
company.
C) The two speakers work on the same C) 两人在同一楼层工作。
floor.
D) The woman is interested in market D) 女士对市场调查感兴趣。

research.
【解题核心】选项表明对话双方很可能是在同一家公司或同一个楼层上班。D选项与其他三
项内容明显不同，可初步排除。听音时应主要留意以下要点：对话双方是在“同一公司”上
班还是在“同一楼层”上班；男士以前是否见过女士。
【正确项分析】男士在市场调查部工作，女士在广告部工作，而且男士还在办公室周围见过
女士，所以答案应该为选项B。
【干扰项分析】选项A与原文的“I’ve seen you around the office.”不符。女士说自己在九
楼上班，说明两人不在同一楼层，因为如在同一楼层，女士就没有必要说了，故选项C错误。
选项D用“market research”进行干扰，与原文不符。
M: Nice weather, isn’t it? Oh, I’ve seen you around the office, but I don’t think we’ve met.
I am Henry Smith. I work in the Market Research Section.
W: Nice to meet you, Henry. I am Helen Grant. I am in the Advertising Section on the ninth floor.
Q: What can we infer from the conversation?
男士：天气不错！哦，我在办公室附近见过你，但我们好像不认识。我是亨利·史密斯，在
市场调查部工作。
女士：很高兴见到你，亨利。我是海伦·格兰特，我在九楼广告部工作。
问题：可从此对话中推断出什么？
【核心词汇】infer v. 推论，推断；Market Research Section 市场调研部；Advertising
Section 广告部
18. A) The woman can ’ t tolerate any A) 女士忍受不了噪音。
noise.
B) The man is looking for an apartment. B) 男士正在找房子。
C) The man has missed his appointment. C) 男士错过了约会。
D) The woman is going to take a train D) 女士将乘火车去旅游。

trip.
【解题核心】选项中noise, look for an apartment和appointment表明对话很可能与找公寓或看

房子有关。D选项与其他三项没有关联，可初步排除。听音时应重点留意以下要点：
woman－can’t tolerate noise；man－looking for apartment, miss appointment。A选项表示找公
寓的是女士，B选项则表示找工作的是男士，二者中很有可能有一个为答案，因此听音时应
重点辨别找公寓的是“男士”还是“女士”。
【正确项分析】男士听说女士有房子出租，问可否让他看一下，可推测他是在找房子，所以
选项B正确。
M: Ma’am, I hear you have an apartment for rent. Can I take a look at it?
W: Sure, you’re welcome any time by appointment, but I have to tell you the building is close to
a railway. And if you can’t put up with the noise you might as well save the trip.
男士：夫人，听说你有房子要出租，我能看一下吗？
女士：当然可以，随时欢迎预约。但是我得事先告诉你，这栋房子靠近铁路。如果你无法忍
受噪音，就不用白跑一趟。
问题：从这段对话中可得知什么？
【核心词汇】put up with容忍，忍受；might as well do sth. 还是……的好；tolerate v. 容忍，
忍受

19. A) To make a business report to the A) 向女士作工作报告。
woman.
B) To be interviewed for a job in the B) 到女士所在公司进行工作
woman’s company. 面试。
C) To resign from his position in the C) 从女士所在公司辞职。
woman’s company.
D) To exchange stock market information D) 与女士交换股市信息。

with the woman.
【解题核心】选项均为不定式表明本题很可能是关于某事的目的。而选项内容都是关于男士
与女士之间的活动，可推测本题很可能是询问男士来访目的，一般在对话开始就会交代。
【正确项分析】对话开始部分女士开门见山对男士说她已经收到他的简历了，随后问他为什
么钟情于她公司，由此可轻而易举推断出男士是接受面试的，故选择B项。
【干扰项分析】男士还没有成为女士公司的正式员工，选项A中所说的男士向女士作报告也
就无从谈起。选项C提到男士是来辞职的，恰恰与对话内容相反。选项D无中生有。
20. A) He is head of a small trading A) 他是一家小贸易公司的领
company. 导。
B) He works in an international insurance B) 他在一家国际保险公司工
company. 作。
C) He leads a team of brokers in a big C) 他在一家大公司工作，管
company. 理一个经纪人团队。
D) He is a public relations officer in a D) 他是一小公司公共关系部

small company. 的职员。
【解题核心】选项表明本题很可能是考查男士目前的工作。选项B、C、D均表示他在为其
他公司工作，A选项则是说男士自己经营一家小的贸易公司，与“男士申请女士公司的工作”
这一主题不符，故可初步排除。
【正确项分析】原文中男士所做的回答 “ I ’ m currently working in a large international
company in charge of a team of 8 brokers.”与选项C内容相符。
【干扰项分析】选项A和D最明显的错误在于small，听音时应注意辨别男士是在“大公司”
还是在“小公司”工作，通过这一点便可排除两个干扰选项。选项B错在男士工作地点是一
家涉及股市交易的公司，而非保险公司。
21. A) The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is A) 女士认为桑德斯先生的要
asking for more than they can offer. 求超出了她们的底线。
B) Mr. Saunders will share one third of B) 桑德斯先生将分担女士三
the woman’s responsibilities. 分之一的工作责任。
C) Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves C) 桑德斯先生认为他理应得
more paid vacations. 到更多的带薪休假。
D) The woman seems to be satisfied with D) 女士似乎对桑德斯先生的

Mr. Saunders’ past experience. 经历很满意。
【解题核心】选项A、D是女士对男士的看法，选项C则是男士对工作条件的看法，故本题
很可能与面试的结果有关。B选项与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。A选项表示女士对男
士不太满意，D选项则表示女士对男士很满意，二者意思相反，故很可能有一个为答案。听
音时应重点留意女士的态度。
【正确项分析】对话中女士一句“你也许就是我们一直在找的人”足以证明女士对男士是比
较满意的，与选项D相符。
【干扰项分析】对话后半部分在谈论待遇问题，并没有消极情绪，所以选项A不符。选项B
中提到男士将负责三分之一的业务，而非分担女士三分之一的职责。对话中女士提到在工作
第一年就有两周的带薪假期，男士并没有对此发表任何评论，故选项C错误。
W: Please have a seat, Mr. Saunders. I received your job resume last week, and it was very
impressive.
M: Thank you!
W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds. May I ask why you are so
interested in working for us?
M: Your company has an impressive reputation and I’ve always wanted to work for a smaller
company.
W: That’s good to hear. Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?
M: I’m currently working in a large international company in charge of a team of 8 brokers. We
buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide.
W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?
M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experiences in the stock market. I deal with the clients on the
daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.
W: Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for. Do you have any questions?
M: Aha, if I were hired, how many accounts would I be handling?
W: You will be working with two other head brokers, in another word, you will be handling about
a third of our clients.
M: And who would I report to?
W: Directly to me.
M: I see. What kind of benefits package do you offer?
W: Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment. You are also entitled to medical
and dental insurance, but this is something you should discuss with our Personnel Department.
Do you have any other questions?
M: No, not at the moment.
W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and we’ll get back to you early
next week.
M: Ok, thanks. It’s been nice meeting you!
W: Nice meeting you too! And thanks for coming in today.
19. What’s the purpose of Mr. Saunders’ visit?
20. What is Mr. Saunders’ current job?
21. What can we conclude from the conversation?
女士：请坐，桑德斯先生。我上周收到了你的工作履历，它给我留下了深刻的印象。
男士：谢谢!
女士：我们是一家小型金融公司，主要从事股票和证券交易。我可以冒昧地问一下，你为什
么对我们公司这么感兴趣呢?
男士：你的公司声誉很好，我一直想在规模较小的公司工作。
女士：很高兴听到你这么说。你不介意给我介绍一下你现在的工作吧?
男士：我现在在一个大型国际公司工作，管理一支由8名经纪人组成的团队。我们为全球大
户买卖股票。
女士：为什么你认为你就是这个职位的最佳人选吗?
男士：作为一名首席经纪人，我有股票市场操作方面很多经验；我几乎每日都要与客户打交
道，并且我喜欢和人打交道。
女士：嗯，你可能就是我们要找的人。还有什么问题吗?
男士：啊哈，如果我被雇用，我将会管理几个帐号?
女士：你将与另外两名首席经纪人一起工作，换句话说，你将会管理大约三分之一的客户。
男士：我应向谁汇报工作?
女士：直接向我。
男士：我明白了。公司能提供什么样的福利?
女士：工作第一年有两周的带薪假期，享有医疗和牙科保险，但你得与我们的人力资源部商
议此事。还有其他问题吗?
男士：现在没有了。
女士：嗯，就你的工作申请，我还需要跟同事商量。我们下周初给你答复。
男士：好的，谢谢，很高兴见到你！
女士：也很高兴见到你！谢谢你今天的来访。
19．桑德斯先生拜访的目的是什么？
20．桑德斯先生现在从事什么工作?
21．可以从对话中得出什么结论?
【核心词汇】financial a. 金融的，财政的；stock n. ①股票 ②库存；bond n.债券，公债；
account n. ①帐(户) ②说明；be entitled to 有权，有资格
22. A) She’s worried about the seminar. A) 她在为研讨会担心。

B) The man keeps interrupting her. B) 男士总打扰她。
C) She finds it too hard. C) 她觉得太难。
D) She lacks interest in it. D) 她对书不感兴趣。
【解题核心】本题为原因推断题。由选项中的seminar及其course, major等词可推测本题中it
应该与某一课程有关。B选项与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。
【正确项分析】男士用否定疑问句问及女士是否对书不感兴趣时，女士坦白地讲到“No,
not really.”即“不感兴趣”。与选项D一致。
【干扰项分析】原文虽提及seminar，但意在表示若不是为了研讨会，她不会看书的。与选
项A不符。选项B、C可能是原因，但文中并没有表明，主要原因应为缺乏兴趣。
23. A) The lecturers are boring. A) 讲座太枯燥。
B) The course is poorly designed. B) 课程设置不好。
C) She prefers Philosophy to English. C) 比起英语她更喜欢哲学。
D) She enjoys literature more. D) 她更喜欢文学。
【解题核心】选项中boring，poorly designed与prefer，enjoy表明本题很可能是关于卡伦对该
课程缺乏兴趣的原因有关。问题应该是卡伦主观方面的原因引起的。因此本题的答案应主要
在选项C和选项D之间选择，重点辨别卡伦是更喜欢philosophy还是更喜欢literature。
【正确项分析】听力原文中，女士明确提到“I want to do philosophy rather than English”，与
选项C相符。
【干扰项分析】听力原文中提到course与lecture，但选项A、B与原文都不符合。选项C和选
项D存在矛盾关系，即语义上互相矛盾，两者不能同时为真命题。选项C正确，则选项D排
除。此外，文中并没有提及文学，也可排除选项D。
24. A) Karen’s friend. A) 卡伦的朋友。
B) Karen’s parents. B) 卡伦的父母。
C) Karen’s lecturers. C) 卡伦的老师。
D) Karen’s herself. D) 卡伦自己。
【解题核心】当选项是人、名词短语、时间、地点等非句子结构时，应该边听边记与各选项
有关的信息。选项均为人物角色表明本题是针对“who”进行提问。联系对话主题，本题很
可能与影响卡伦对课程或专业的喜好或选择的人有关。听音时注意辨认选项中的关键词。
【正确项分析】卡伦最后一番话是在评论自己的父母，其中她提到他们认为她如果学哲学的
话“job prospects”会比较“limited”
，这与题干中的“limited opportunity”相符。
25. A) Changing her major. A) 换专业。
B) Spending less of her parents’ money. B) 少花父母的钱。
C) Getting transferred to the English C) 转到英语系。
Department.
D) Leaving the university. D) 退学。
【解题核心】选项均为现在分词表明本题为考查“行为活动”类型。B选项与对其他选项均
无关系，故可初步排除。D选项是说要退出大学，而根据对主题的分析，对话主要涉及的是
专业问题，没有提到要退学的问题，故本题答案更可能在选项A和C之间选择。
【正确项分析】对话中多次透露女士想换专业。她想学哲学，但耐不住父母的劝说，她选择
了英语，这使她学得不开心。所以她一直想要的就是A选项，换专业。
【干扰项分析】虽然选项A、C都有“换专业”的意思，但女士现在是英语专业，不存在选
项C中的“转入英语系”的问题。选项B在对话中没有提及。对话中最后说的是“退出英语
系”而不是选项D所说的退学。
M: Hey, Karen, you are not really reading it, are you?
W: Pardon?
M: The book! You haven’t turned the page in the last ten minutes.
W: No, Jim. I suppose I haven’t. I need to get through it, though, but I keep drifting away.
M: So it doesn’t really hold your interest?
W: No, not really. I wouldn’t bother with it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a seminar. I’
m at a university.
M: It’s a labor of labor then rather than a labor of love.
W: I should say I don ’t like Dickens at all really, the author; indeed, I am starting to like the
whole course less and less.
M: It’s not just the book. It’s the course as well?
W: Yeah, in a way, although the course itself isn’t really that bad, a lot of it is pretty good, in
fact, and the lecturer is fine. As to me, I suppose, you see, I want to do philosophy rather than
English, but my parents took me out of it.
M: So the courses are OK as such. It’s just that if it had been left to you, you would choose a
different one.
W: Oh, they had my best interest and heart of course, my parents. They always do, don’t they?
They believe that my job prospect would be pretty limited with the degree of philosophy. Plus,
they give me a really generous allowance, but I am beginning to feel that I’m wasting my
time and their money. They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting.
22. Why can’t Karen concentrate on the book?
23. Why is Karen starting to like the course less and less?
24. Who thinks Philosophy graduates have limited job opportunities?
25. What is Karen thinking of doing?
男士：嗨，卡伦，你不是真的在读书吧?
女士：请再说一遍好吗?
男士：我说的是书！你都有十分钟没翻页了。
女士：哦，吉姆。我想我确实没看书。我想看完，但我老走神。
男士：是这本书没有趣儿吗?
女士：是的，不怎么感兴趣。我本可以不看，老实说，我读它是为一个研讨会。我现在在一
所大学学习。
男士：是为工作而工作，而不是为兴趣而工作。
女士：我一点也不喜欢它的作者狄更斯。事实上，我开始越来越不喜欢整个这门课程。
男士：不仅仅对这本书不感兴趣，对整个课程也不敢兴趣吗?
女士：恩，从某种意义上说，这门课本身不错，好多东西比较有意思，讲座也不错。但我比
起英语更喜欢哲学，可我的父母反对。
男士：照这样说课程还可以。如果让你选择的话，你会选择另一门专业。
女士：哦，我父母总是全身心地为我的利益考虑。他们一直这么做，不是吗？他们认为学习
哲学，就业面会很窄。此外，他们给我一大笔零用钱，但是我开始感觉我是在浪费时
间和金钱。如果我告诉他们我放弃的话，他们会很失望的。
22. 为什么卡伦不能专心读书？
23. 为什么卡伦越来越不喜欢课程？
24. 谁认为哲学专业毕业生就业机会较少？
25. 卡伦想做什么？
【核心词汇】get through ①完成 ②度过 ③打通电话；drift away ①(人)渐渐离开 ②(烟雾
等)慢慢散去；bother with 为……操心，为……费心
Section B
Passage One
一、篇章结构
本文是一篇关于希腊墓葬的说明文。文章开始就提到大多数人死后尸体会被挖出来，
有的甚至会被挖出几次。为什么死后还得不到安宁呢？后半部分给出了原因——空间不足。
有人提出了火化，这又与其宗教教义是相悖的。文章最后提出了两种解决问题的方法。
二、核心词汇
undisturbed a. ①无扰动的 ②安静的；guarantee vt. ①保证 ②担保 n. ①保证 ②保证书；
remove vt. ①移开 ②脱下 ③把……免职；multi-storey a. 多层的
三、话题词汇
bury n. 埋葬
city council n. 市议会
cremation n. 火化，火葬
decay v. 腐烂，衰退
dig up vt. 挖出(采掘，发现)
grave n. 坟墓
skeleton n. 骨骸，骨架
space n. 空间
四、难句解析
1. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for
long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed.
【解析】此句是个并列句，用but not for long连接。并列的成分是if引导的partially decayed条
件句和when引导的fully decayed时间状语从句。
2. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a
week until a grave is found.
【解析】本句使用so…that句型，讲述城市过度拥挤造成的结果。until引导条件状语，表示
尸体要存放在医院一个多星期后才能找到坟墓。
五、试题详解
26.A) Rent a grave. A) 租墓穴。
B) Burn the body. B) 火化。
C) Bury the dead near a church. C) 将死者埋葬在教堂附近。
D) Buy a piece of land for a grave. D) 买块墓地。
【解题核心】选项均为动词原形表明本题为考查“行为活动”类型。原文第一句就说到“只
有富人死后才能永久安息”，带着“为什么”的疑问听原文，可以迅速确定答案。
【正确项分析】听力原文中“buying a piece of land”可以避免尸体被挪来挪去，与选项D内
容相符。
【干扰项分析】选项A是大多数人的做法，租期为三年，但此做法仍无法保证死者得到永久
的安宁。选项B是希腊教会反对的做法，并未在希腊实行。选项C在原文中未提到。
27. A) To solve the problem of lack of A) 解决土地稀缺问题。
land.
B) To see whether they have decayed. B) 查看尸体是否腐烂。
C) To follow the Greek religious practice. C) 遵守希腊宗教习俗。
D) To move them to a multi-storey D) 将其移到多层墓地。

graveyard.
【解题核心】选项均为不定式表明本题很可能是考查做某事的目的或原因。根据短文主题及
选项中decayed, move等词可推测，B选项中的they和 C中them代指bodies。根据 B、D选项
内容可推测本题很可能是与移动尸体的目的或原因有关。一般这类询问目的或原因的题目往
往是在问题上做句型的转换，也就是对原文的同义转述，答案则经常是原文的细节辨认，因
此听音时应重点留意以下要点：lack of land，if decayed，religion，multi-storey graveyard。
【正确项分析】文中明确说明此举的原因是lack of space，与选项A同意。
【干扰项分析】选项B不是根本目的。选项C原文中并未提到。文章最后虽提到建造多层墓
地，但multi-story graveyard还未建成，更不能如选项D中所说的将尸体移到那里。
28. A) They should be buried lying down. A) 横放安葬。
B) They should be buried standing up. B) 竖直安葬。
C) They should be buried after being C) 清洗后安葬。
washed.
D) They should be buried when partially D) 部分腐烂时埋葬。

decayed.
【解题核心】选项表明本题很可能是关于尸体埋藏的方式。由选项中的should可推测本题很
可能与建议或意见有关。故听音时应重点留意表达建议或意见的词句。A选项是说埋藏时将
尸体躺着放，B选项则是说埋藏时将尸体立着放，二者正好相反，故很可能有一个为答案。
【正确项分析】希腊教会反对火葬，因为违背宗教教义。为了节约空间，教会建议将尸体竖
立着而非平躺着埋葬，选项B正确。
【干扰项分析】文中用instead of lying down否定了选项A中的横放安葬。选项C、D均不是教
会的建议。
29. A) Burning dead bodies to ashes. A) 将尸体烧成灰烬。
B) Storing dead bodies in a remote place. B) 将尸体埋葬在偏远地区。
C) Placing dead bodies in a bone room. C) 将尸体放置在尸骸存放
屋。
D) Digging up dead bodies after three D) 三年后将尸体挖出。

years.
【解题核心】选项均为动名词表明本题为考查“行为活动”类型。四个选项均表示处理尸体
的方式，故本题很可能是关于除埋藏以外的其他处理尸体的方式。听音时应留意以下要点：
burn；store in remote place；place in bone room。本题只要抓住burn一词便不难选出答案。
【正确项分析】burning dead bodies在Greek church前后出现了两次，问题中的object to与原文
中的resist是同义词，所以应该选A选项。
【干扰项分析】选项B、C、D虽在原文中都提及，但与希腊教会的观点没有任何关系。
六、原文及译文
In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population,
however, will be undisturbed for only three years, and then they will be dug up, washed,
compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially
decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long. The body will be dug up again
some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to
avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most people choose to rent the grave for
three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays
for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part
of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after the three
years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a
week until a grave is found. Athens’ city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning
dead bodies, as a means of dealing with the problems. But the Greek church resists this practice;
they believe the only place where people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek
concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up
instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.
26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting in ever-lasting peace?
27. Why are most dead bodies in Athens dug up after three years?
28. What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies?
29. What practice does the Greek church object to?
在希腊，只有富人死后才能得到永久安息。然而，大部分人死后享受安宁的时间只有3
年，随即他们会被挖出、洗净、塞到一个小锡盒里，然后被放入存放尸骸的房间。如果身体
只是局部腐烂，它会被再次埋葬在一个更小更廉价的墓地里。不久，等身体全都腐烂后，会
再次被挖出。买块墓地是避免这一过程的唯一方法。墓穴的成本过高，大多数人选择租坟墓，
租期为三年。尸骨被挖出来后，永久的安宁也仍得不到保证。如果没有人缴纳租用尸骸存放
处的租金，骨骸会被移出并存放在城市贫穷区的一个建筑内。雅典的空间不足是埋葬三年后
被挖出来的主要原因。这个城市是如此拥挤，有时尸体被放在医院一个多星期后才能找到坟
墓。雅典的市议员希望引进火葬，即燃烧尸体，作为解决问题的方法。但是希腊教会反对这
种做法，他们认为唯一焚烧人的地方是地狱，这与希腊死后重生的观念是相冲突的。为了节
省空间，教会建议将尸体竖直而非平躺安葬。有些人则提议建立地下多层墓地。
26. 为让死者永久安息，希腊人必须做什么?
27. 在雅典，为什么尸体埋葬三年后会被挖出?
28. 教会建议如何埋葬尸体?
29. 希腊教会反对什么样的做法?
Passage Two
一、篇章结构
这是一篇关于国际饭店的说明文，属社会文化类型。文章指出美国的大城市都有国际饭
店，并以底特律市为例说明了这类饭店深受欢迎的两个原因。最后，介绍了美国最常见的意
大利餐馆，并扼要介绍了其两种经营模式。
二、核心词汇
apart from 除……外；typical a. ①典型的 ②有代表性的
三、话题词汇
family restaurant 家庭餐厅
foreign a. 外国的
international a. 国际的
native a. 本国的，本土的
restaurant n. 餐厅，饭店
sample n. 样品，标本
四、难句解析
1. Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand
the people and their way of life.
【解析】此句关键是as well as并列结构连接the foods和the opportunity，共同做动词enjoy的宾
语。即美国人既享受食物，又抓住机会。不定式to better understand the people and their way
of life是the opportunity的后置定语。
2. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the
business.
【解析】本句主句为it may be a large restaurant。or是连词，表示“或者”。owned by several
different people作后置定语修饰restaurant。restaurant与own是被动关系，所以用owned。who
worked together in the business是典型的定语从句，先行词为several different people。
五、试题详解
30. A) Many foreign tourists visit the A) 每年都有许多国外游客访
United States every year. 问美国。
B) Americans enjoy eating out with their B) 美国人喜欢和朋友外出就
friends. 餐。
C) The United States is a country of C) 美国是个移民国家。
immigrants.
D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their D) 比起本国食物，美国人更

own food. 喜欢吃外国食物。
【解题核心】选项中的foreign，immigrants表明本题很可能与美国对外来食物的喜好有关。
选项A、C、D三项均与“外来食物”有关，B选项与外来食物无关，可初步排除。D选项说
美国人更偏爱外来食物而不大喜欢自己国家的食物，说法过于绝对，故也可初步排除。因此
本题的关键就是在tourists和immigrants之间选择。
【正确项分析】文中提到的原因之二是说美国人来自世界各地，与选项C相符。
【干扰项分析】选项A、B、D在原文中并没有提到。最大干扰项是选项D，虽然文中提到
enjoy eating the food of other nations，但仅仅是喜欢异国风味食物，并没有与本国食物比较。
31. A) They can make friends with people A) 他们可以与其他国家的人
from other countries. 交朋友。
B) They can get to know people of other B) 他们可以认识来自不同文
cultures and their lifestyles. 化的人并且了解他们的
生活方式。
C) They can practice speaking foreign C) 他们可以在那里练习讲外
languages there. 语。
D) They can meet with businessmen from D) 他们可以遇到来自世界各

all over the world. 国的商人。
【解题核心】选项中都含有can表明本题很可能与做某事能够达到的目的有关。由选项中的
other countries，other cultures，foreign等可推测本题很可能涉及到与其他国家人民的接触。
根据对主题的分析可知本文主要与饮食有关，而选项C、D分别是从语言和商业角度来说，
与主题不太相关，二者均不大可能为答案。故本题主要应在选项A和B之间选择。
【正确项分析】文中明确提到“Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants as well as the
opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life”。选项B与as well as并列结构之
后的原因相符。
32. A) The couple cook the dishes and the A) 夫妻烹饪，孩子们帮忙。
children help them.
B) The husband does the cooking and the B) 丈夫烹饪，妻子作为侍者
wife serves as the waitress. 照顾客人。
C) The mother does the cooking while the C) 母亲烹饪，父亲与孩子照
father and children serve the guests. 顾客人。
D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and D) 雇佣厨师烹饪，所有家庭

the family members serve the guests. 成员照顾客人。
【解题核心】选项中waitress, serve, guests以及husband, mother, children等表明本题很可能与

家庭经营的餐馆中各个家庭成员如何分工有关。四个选项中负责cooking的人均不同，故听
音时只要辨别出由谁来cooking即可确定答案。
【正确项分析】“The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children
serve the people who come to eat there.”轻松可以判断出，选项C与之相符。
If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve
the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United States offer international
sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason
why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United States. A second reason is that
many Americans come from other parts of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native
lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from Western Europe, Greece,
Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of
these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these
restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of
the most common international restaurants to be found in the United States is the Italian
restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the
family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there.
Or it may be a large restaurant owned by several different people who worked together in the
business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese.
They are very delicious and tasty.
30. Why are there so many international restaurants in the United States?
31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from enjoying the foods there?
32. How is a typical Italian family restaurant run in the United States?
去世界上任何一个大城市，大概都会找到一家供应你本国食物的餐馆。在美国，多数大
城市提供来自全世界的食物。很多人喜欢吃其他国家的食物，这可能就是美国的风味餐厅众
多的原因之一。第二个原因是美国人来自世界各地，他们喜欢品尝自己国家的食物。例如在
底特律，许多人来自西欧、希腊、拉丁美洲和远东地区，所以底特律就有许多餐馆提供这些
区域的食物。还有很多其他的国际饭店。美国人喜欢这些餐厅的食物并且将其作为更好地了
解他人以及其生活方式的机会。在美国，最常见的国际饭店是意大利餐馆。这个餐馆可能是
由单个家庭经营的小型餐厅。母亲负责烹饪，父亲和孩子们负责招待就餐的客人。它也可能
是几个人共同合作经营的大餐厅。美国人喜欢的许多意大利菜是用肉、番茄和奶酪制成，美
味可口。
31. 为什么在美国有这么多的国际饭店?
32. 除享受食物，还有什么原因促使美国人热衷于国际饭店?
33. 一个典型的意大利家庭餐馆在美国是怎样经营的?
Passage Three
一、篇章分析
本文讲述了篮球的起源，是一篇科技类文章。篮球是由一位足球教练发明的。最初是为
了给赛后的球员做娱乐的，把篮子挂在体育场的两端，将球投进即算得分。但是这种新游戏
有缺点，后来经过人们的改进，最终成为世界上最受欢迎的体育运动之一。
二、核心词汇
be in for 肯定要遭受；come up with 想出，提出；entertain v. ①娱乐 ②招待
三、话题词汇
assist v. 助攻
center n. 中锋
court n. 球场
final n. 总决赛
forwards n. 前锋
guards n. 后卫
scoring n. 得分
slam/dunk v. (强力)灌篮
home court 主场
post season 季后赛
regular season 季赛
road game 客场比赛
set shot 立定投篮
四、难句解析
1. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”, was getting the ball
out of the basket.
【解析】本句which was soon called “basketball”做非限制性定语从句，修饰the new game。
主句用过去进行时，表示过去一段时间发生的事情，现在问题已经解决了。
2. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the
basket and letting the ball fall through.
【解析】本句重点理解it is + time + before句式。例如：It won’t be long before a new factory
is built in our hometown. 此句如果按照字词原意应译为：在一座新工厂在我们家乡建造之前
时间不会太长。此种翻译虽然遵照原意，但汉语却很难理解，所以，此句常被译为：不久，
我们家乡就会建立一座新工厂。before 常被译为它的反义词after之意。在本句中也是如此，
应理解为“几年后，有人提出将篮底去掉，这样球就直接掉落下来了。”
五、试题详解
33.A) He took them to watch a basketball A) 他带他们去看篮球赛。
game.
B) He trained them to play European B) 他训练他们玩欧式足球。
football.
C) He let them compete in getting balls C) 他让他们比赛从一个篮子
out of a basket. 里向外取球。
D) He taught them to play an exciting new D) 他教他们玩一个刺激的新

game. 游戏。
【解题核心】选项中train，let和taught表明he很可能是代指“教练”。本题很可能是问教练带
领或教队员们做什么。抓住本篇文章关键词new game，文中出现过两次，这也是本文介绍
的重点。
【正确项分析】听力原文中有“new game that would have the excitement of the American
football”
，与选项D相符。
【干扰项分析】本文介绍的new game就是篮球的前身，此时篮球还没有出现，所以选项A错
误。选项B是不相关词汇的拼凑。getting balls out of a basket是该新型游戏让人感到棘手的问
题，选项C为答非所问。
34. A) The players found the basket too A) 球员发现篮子太高，够不
high to reach. 着。
B) The players had trouble getting the ball B) 球员很难把球从篮子里取
out of the basket. 出来。
C) The players had difficulty C) 球员不明白复杂的规则。
understanding the complex rules.
D) The players soon found the game D) 球员们很快对游戏失去兴

boring. 趣。
【解题核心】选项中trouble和difficulty表明本题很可能与比赛中的问题或困难有关。D选项
不是比赛过程中具体的问题，与其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。因此听音时应重点
关注以下要点：basket too high，ball out of basket，complex rules。
【正确项分析】“The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”, was
getting the ball out of the basket.”明确提到了新游戏的棘手难题，与选项B相符。
【干扰项分析】选项A、C内容在原文中并未提及。选项D与原文不符，如果很快就对游戏
失去兴趣，也就不会有篮球现在的繁荣景象了。
35.A) By removing the bottom of the A) 将篮底去掉。
basket.
B) By lowering the position of the basket. B) 降低篮子高度。
C) By simplifying the complex rules. C) 简化复杂的规则。
D) By altering the size of the basket. D) 改变篮子的大小。
【解题核心】选项表明本题是关于做某事的方式。而前面分析可知，34题是关于比赛中的问
题或困难，故本题很可能是关于如何解决该问题或困难。本题中选项A、B、C分别是针对
34题选项B、A、C三种问题的解决办法，因此只要抓住问题或解决办法中的任何一方面，
便可确定两道题的答案。
【正确项分析】“It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the
bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through.”选项A与原文一致。
One winter day in 1891, a class at a training school in Massachusetts, U.S.A, went into the
gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young men felt
they were in for a boring time.
But their teacher, James Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a
new game that would have the excitement of the American football. Nasmith showed the men a
basket he had hung at each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to sue a round
European football. At first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he
was standing. “Pass! Pass!” Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited
players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new
game, which was soon called “basketball”, was getting the ball out of the basket. They used
ordinary food baskets with bottoms and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to
climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the
idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many
changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world ’ s most popular
sports.
33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day?
34. According the speaker, what was the problem with the new game?
35. How was the problem with the new game solved?
1891年冬季的一天，美国马萨诸塞州一所培训学校的一个班走进体育馆进行日常训炼。
由于足球赛季已经结束，大多数年轻人觉得进体育馆也很无聊。
但他们的老师詹姆斯·内史密斯却不这么想。他很长时间以来一直在研究一项新游戏，
这个新游戏与美式足球一样另人兴奋。内史密斯向大家展示了他挂在体育馆两端的篮子，要
求大家把一个欧式足球投进篮子。最开始，无论站在哪里，球员们只是努力将球投到篮子里。
“传球！传球！”内史密斯不停地喊着，并吹哨让兴奋的球员们停下来。慢慢地，球员们开
始明白了规则。这个新游戏很快就被称为“篮球” 。篮球面临的问题就是如何
把球从篮子里取出来。当时他们使用的是有底的普通食物篮子，这样球就卡在里面了。最初，
每次投球得分必须得有人爬上去取球。几年后，有人提出将篮底去掉，这样球就直接掉落下
来了。自此以后，规则也在不断变化。如今，篮球已经成为世界上最流行的体育运动之一。
33. 冬季的一天，内史密斯如何让他的学生娱乐的？
34. 新游戏的问题是什么?
35. 新游戏的问题是如何解决的?
Section C
一、原文再现
For Americans, time is money. They say, “You only get so much time in this life; you’d
better use it wisely.” The (36) future will not be better than the past or present, as Americans are
(37) trained to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity. Thus Americans
(38) admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39)
schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and is (40) considerate of other people’s
time. They do not (41) waste people’s time with conversation or other activity that has no (42)
visible beneficial outcome.
The American attitude toward time is not (43) necessarily shared by others, especially non-
Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) something that is simply there around
them, not something they can use. One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in
the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.
In the contest (45) the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural
product. McDonald’s, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where
many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonald’s
restaurants (46) spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society
and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny
cleanliness.
二、篇章分析
这是一篇介绍美国人时间观念的说明文。文章以谚语“时间就是金钱”开始，详细叙述
了美国人对于时间的理解。最后以快餐为例，表明快餐的兴起，与其时间观念是分不开的，
其崇尚的就是速度、效率和洁净。
三、核心词汇
constructive a. 建设性的；schedule n. ①时间表 ②计划；considerate a. 考虑周到的
四、话题词汇
beneficial a. 有益的
efficiency n. 效率
outcome n. 结果
symbol n. 象征
How time flies! 时光如梭！
kill time 消磨时间
save time 节约时间
waste time 浪费时间
五、试题详解
36.【解题核心】此处需要一个名词，与past和present对比，即使不听也可以推测出该空应该
填future，属于四级听力中较简单的题。
37.【解题核心】根据上下文，此处are后面应该是过去分词表示被动，不要漏掉-ed。本句中
as表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面整个句子，因此应注意所填词在意思上
与前面句子的连贯性。
38.【解题核心】空前Americans及空后的名词短语表明所填词应充当句子的谓语动词，主语
为复数，且前后句子的时态均为现在时，故此处应填动词原形。thus表明本空所在句子应为
前句内容导致的结果。既然美国人认为应该把时间用在有意义的事情上，那么他们对于
well-organized person（有条理的人）应该是持赞赏（admire）的态度。沪
39.【解题核心】此处需要一个可数名词单数形式，意思与前面的list并列，注意ch和dule字
母组合。one who has…应是对前面“a well-organized person”的解释。
40.【解题核心】and 连接并列结构，所以此空为一形容词。由and可知所填词应与punctual
（准时的）并列作表语共同描述ideal person的特点。根据上文所述，理想的人应该能够做到
准时并充分“尊重”或“考虑”他人的时间。故本空很可能填respectful或considerate。
41.【解题核心】空前They及空后的名词短语表明所填词应充当句子的谓语动词，而助动词
do not决定此处应填动词原形，宾语为time，可以联想到waste，save等。
42.【解题核心】空前的no和空后的名词短语表明此处应为形容词修饰outcome（效果）。
that引导定语从句修饰前面的conversation or other activity。而从短文前面的内容可知，本文
主要是强调时间的效率，因此这里应该有“快速或明显”的含义。
43.【解题核心】此句不缺主要句子成分，可预测为修饰过去分词的副词，修饰动词shared。
necessarily常用于not之后，表示未必。
44.【解题核心】本题采分点是around them和not something they can use。原句结构不复杂，
可以不改写。注意修饰不定代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词用that。
45.【解题核心】本题采分点是fast food industry，example和American cultural product。实义
动词可以用其同义词来代替。
46. 【解题核心】本题采分点是 spread all over the world 和 viewed as symbols of American
society and culture 。其中， viewed…as… 可以用其同义词 seen…as… ， regarded…as… 或
considered来替换。
六、全文精译
对于美国人来说，时间就是金钱。他们认为，
“人生是有限的，就应好好利用。”按照美
国人的思维方式，除非人们利用时间从事有建设性的活动，否则未来不会比过去或现在更美
好。因此美国人欣赏“有条理”的人，即那些列出详细活动清单以及时间表的人。完美的人
是守时的，考虑他人时间的。他们不会因闲谈或无效益的活动而浪费时间。
　　美国人对待时间的态度未必适用于每个人，尤其不适用非欧洲人。他们更倾向于认为时
间无处不在，但没有利用价值。对于许多留美学生来说，比较难的是他们必须要调整并适应
美国的时间观——尽可能地节省时间，好好利用每一天。
在竞争中，快餐业可以看作是美国文化产物的佳例。麦当劳、肯德基以及其他快餐店在
这个国家很受欢迎，因为人们不想在做饭和吃饭上浪费时间。麦当劳餐厅遍布世界各地，他
们已经被视为美国社会与文化的象征，因为它带来的不仅仅是汉堡包，而是速度、效率和洁
净。
Part IV Reading Comprehension
Section A
一、篇章结构
全文共分为四段。第一段介绍了厄尔尼诺现象出现的频率，以及它的发源地和简单成因。
第二段，介绍了海洋水温升高对气候的深远影响。第三段介绍了厄尔尼诺现象所造成的巨大
的破坏性。第四段介绍了现今的气象专家们已经能够预测厄尔尼诺现象的爆发时间，但是他
们并不完全肯定其成因以及影响强度。
二、词汇热身
【名词】phenomenon 现象；attraction 吸引，吸引力；strength 力量；starvation 饥饿；
exhaustion 筋疲力尽；worth 价值
【动词】bringing (现在分词)带来；estimate 估计，评估；strike 打击，侵袭；notify 通知
【形容词】tropical 热带的)；stable 稳定的；destructive 破坏性
【副词】completely 完全地；deliberately 故意地
三、难句解析
1. El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of
the world.
【解析】此句的主句是El Nino is the name。主句后面的部分是过去分词短语given to the
mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world，在句中做the name 的定
语。此定语可以扩展为定语从句：which is given to the mysterious and often unpredictable
change in the climate of the world.
【译文】厄尔尼诺现象指的是神秘的、通常是不可预知的世界气候变化。
2. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信
风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.
【解析】此句中包含两个主句，其一是It starts in the Pacific Ocean，其二是（It）is thought
to be caused by a failure in the trade winds (信风)。句中最后的部分是由which引导的非限制性
定语从句来修饰the trade winds，而此定语从句中的driven by these winds也是定语，修饰从句
中的宾语the ocean currents.
【译文】它发源于太平洋，是影响海洋洋流的信风失调引起的。
3. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current
flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 ℃.
【解析】此句的主句是the ocean temperatures rise。句首部分是由as引导的时间状语从句。主
句之后的causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 ℃是现
在分词短语，在句中做结果状语。这部分的结构较复杂，其中核心部分是cause the Peru
current to warm up意为“导致秘鲁洋流温度上升” 。
【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度上升，使由东海岸流出的秘鲁洋流温度至少升高
5℃。
四、试题详解
47. F）
【快速解题】名词辨义题。
【火眼金睛】根据空格前的形容词strange和空格后谓语动词happens可以断定此处应填一个
名词做主语。根据此句句首的代词This，可知空格处的名词是对前文the mysterious and
often unpredictable change的总结，指代EI Nino这种奇怪的气候现象。备选词汇中共有六个
名词，而能指代EI Nino的只有 phenomenon（现象）。
48. B）
【快速解题】名词辨义题
【火眼金睛】根据空格前的介词in可知，此处应选择一个名词，与in构成介宾短语。结合
前句中a failure in the trade winds中的failure（力量减弱）和本句中的lessen可以断定，空格
处应填意为“力量，能量”的词。备选词汇中的名词strength，符合题意。
49. E）
【快速解题】形容词辨义题
【火眼金睛】根据空格后的名词thunderstorms，可以断定空格处需要一个形容词来修饰
thunderstorm。根据常识，信风通常发生在热带，备选词汇中形容词tropical，符合题意。
50. L）
【快速解题】动词辨义题
【火眼金睛】本句的主干完整，是The rainfall is increased across South America。此处逗号
起重要提示作用，逗号后面部分为伴随状态，起补充说明作用。空格处所填的词应该做状
语，选项中只有动词的现在分词形式符合题意，备选词汇中只有bringing符合题意。
51. K）
【火眼金睛】从关键连词while，可知此处while前后两分句形成结构上和语义上的对比。空
格处所填词应与前面的drought和poor crops在意义和形式上一致，前面的干旱和歉收最终导
致了饥饿，备选动词中starvation，符合题意。
52. J）
【火眼金睛】根据空格前的最高级the most和空格后的名词weather，可以断定此处需要填写
一个形容词。根据下一句中厄尔尼诺造成的严重危害，可知它破坏性极强。备选词汇中形容
词destructive (破坏性)，符合题意。
53. N）
【火眼金睛】根据空格后的of damage可知此处应填写一个可以被该短语修饰的名词，可以
与前面的eight billion pounds构成“价值八十亿” ，因此备选动词中名词worth符合题意。
54. A）
【火眼金睛】根据句子结构，空格处应该填入谓语动词。前句“1990年的厄尔尼诺现象一直
持续到1995年6月” ，所以科学家们估计这是2000年来持续时间最长的一次。备选动词中只有
estimate (估计，评估)符合题意。
55. O）
【火眼金睛】空格前面是情态动词will，因此空格处需要填写一个动词。When 引导的时间
状语从句中an El Nino是主语，如果选用一个表达“侵袭”之意的动词，可使语义通顺。备
选副词中只有strike (打击，侵袭)，符合题意。
56. I）
【快速解题】副词辨义题
【火眼金睛】本句为系表结构，are 和sure都已经存在，因此需要一个副词来修饰sure。备
选词汇中的副词，只有completely (完全地)符合题意。
五、全文精译
厄尔尼诺现象指的是神秘的、通常是不可预知的世界气候变化。这种奇怪的现象每五年
到八年就会出现一次。它发源于太平洋，是影响海洋洋流的信风失调引起的。随着信风强度
的减弱，海洋温度上升，使由东海岸流出的秘鲁洋流温度至少升高5℃。
海洋水温升高有着深远的影响。海洋上空的热湿空气引起了严重的热带雷暴天气。南美
洲的降水增多，给秘鲁带去了洪水。而在西太平洋，澳大利亚和印度尼西亚却遭受着旱灾。
因此，当世界上的一些地区正为降水和洪灾做防备的同时，其他一些地区却深受旱灾、农作
物歉收和饥荒的影响。
厄尔尼诺现象通常会持续18个月。1982年至1983年的厄尔尼诺现象带来了人类历史上最
具破坏性的天气。它的影响是世界范围的，致使2000多人失去生命，并造成了80多亿英镑的
经济损失。1990年的厄尔尼诺现象一直持续到1995年6月。科学家们估计这是2000年以来持
续时间最长的一次。
现今，气象专家们已经能够预测厄尔尼诺现象的爆发时间，但是他们并不完全肯定其成
因以及影响强度。
Section B
Passage one
一、篇章结构
全文共分为六段。第一、二段介绍在传达真实信息时，不同的通讯技术差别很大。根据
杰夫·汉考克教授的试验，他发现电子邮件中人们说谎的比例最低，在电话交谈中说谎的比
例最高。第三段介绍汉考克教授的研究结果公之于众之后，这些结果令一些心理学家非常吃
惊，因为许多心理学家持有与他不同的观点。第四段介绍汉考克教授说当人们知道交流内容
日后可能被拿来与他们对证时，就不太敢说谎了。第五段汉考克教授指出很多谎话实际都是
对突然提出的要求所做的不假思索的回答。第六段介绍汉考克教授希望他的研究能帮助公司
为雇员设计出最理想的交流方式。
二、核心词汇
1. communication n. 交流，交际，通讯
【文中实例】Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the
truth. 在传达真实信息时，不同的通讯技术差别很大。
【实例拓展】Telegraph communication was broken off by snowstorm. 电讯由于暴风雪中断了。
【举一反三】派生词 communicate vi. 交流，通讯；communicative a. 爱说话的
2. exchange n. 交换，交流
【文中实例】In it they noted the number of conversations or e-mail exchanges they had lasting
more than 10 minutes. 在日记中，学生们记录了自己与人交流十分钟以上的谈话和电子邮件
的数量。
【实例拓展】There have been numerous exchanges of views between the two governments. 两国
政府间曾多次交换意见。
【举一反三】词义扩展exchange n. 交易所 v. 交换，交流
3. confess v. 坦白，承认
【文中实例】 (The students) confessed to how many lies they told. 学生们坦白自己（在此期
间）撒了多少次谎。
【实例拓展】They confessed themselves to have made a great mistake. 他们承认自己犯了大
错。
【举一反三】同义词 admit vt. 坦白，供认，承认；反义词 conceal vt. 隐藏，隐瞒
4. work out ①解决，解答 ②计算出
【文中实例】Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium.
汉考克从而计算出每种媒介下每次谈话中的说谎数量。
【实例拓展】The area can easily be worked out if you know the length and the breadth. 如果知
道长度与宽度，很容易计算出乘积。
【举一反三】词义扩展work out ①产生结果 ②制订出 ③了解某人的本质
5. present v. 展现，显示，呈现
【文中实例】His results to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction. 在
人机互动交流大会上，他的研究结果被公之于众。
【实例拓展】The queen was presented with a bundle of flowers at the airport. 在机场，人们给
女王献了一束鲜花。
【举一反三】短语扩展 at present 现在，马上；for the present 暂时，目前；present sb.
with 把……给某人
6. deception n. 欺骗，诡计
【文中实例】…reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment
(非直接接触) of emailing would make it easier to lie. ……其理由是欺骗会使人不安，因此以
非直接接触的方式发邮件使人说起谎来更容易。
【实例拓展】This made Tom sadder than his deception. 这比受骗更令汤姆难受。
【举一反三】派生词deceive v. 欺骗；deceptious=deceptive 骗人的
7. crucial a. 决定性的，关键性的
【文中实例】But Hancock says it is also crucial … 但汉考克说问题的关键还在于……
【实例拓展】The success of this experiment is crucial to the project as a whole. 这次试验的成功
是整个工程的关键所在。
【举一反三】同义词urgent，decisive，pressing，critical 决定性的
8. account n. 记述，描述，报道
【文中实例】People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later
be used to hold them to account. 当人们知道交流内容日后可能被拿来与他们对证时，就不
太敢说谎了。
【实例拓展】 President Bush says he will take all means necessary to hold North Korea to
account if it attempts to transfer nuclear weapons. 布什总统声称，如果朝鲜试图转移核武器，
他将用各种必要方式让朝鲜承担责任。
【举一反三】短语扩展hold…to account 让……承担责任；account for 做出解释；keep an
account of 记录；settle accounts with 与（某人）结清账目；take something into account (或
take account of) （在决定或行动之前）将……考虑进去；on account of 由于，因为
9 priority n. 优先权，优先考虑的事，重点
【文中实例】Work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. 重
诚信的工作业绩考察，最好还是通过电子邮件展开。
【实例拓展】The development of the national economy is a top priority. 优先考虑发展国民经
济。
【举一反三】派生词prior a. 优先（权）的；相关短语 prior to… 在……以前，优先于
三、难句解析
1. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that
people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails.
【解析】本句的主干部分并不复杂，是The first study has found that…，意为“首项研究发
现……”。较难的两个部分，其一to compare honesty across a range of communications media，
这部分是不定式短语做定语来修饰句子主语 The first study；其二that people are twice as
likely to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails在句中做宾语，从句中包含有as…
as比较结构。此句可以理解为that people are twice as likely to tell lies in phone conversations as
they are (likely to tell lies) in emails。
【译文】首项比较各种通讯媒介的诚实度的研究表明，人们在电话中说谎的频率可能是电子
邮件中的两倍。
2. The fact that e-mails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰) you—
appears to be the key to the finding.
【解析】本句的主干部分是The fact appears to be the key to the finding。句子的主语The fact
之后的that从句——that e-mails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困
扰)，是同位语从句，用来解释The fact 的具体内容。
【译文】电子邮件可以自动保存记录——并且这些记录的保留会反过来困扰你——这似乎是
这项研究结果的关键。
3. In it they noted the number of conversations or e-mail exchanges they had lasting more than
10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told.
【解析】本句的主干是 they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges…, and
confessed to how many lies they told。and 后面的句子简单，and前面的句子较长，其中
conversations or e-mail exchanges 的后面，带有两个定语 they had 和 lasting more than 10
minutes。
【译文】在日记中，学生们记录了自己与人交流十分钟以上的谈话和电子邮件的数量，并且
坦白自己在此期间撒了多少次谎。
4. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes
people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触) of e-mailing would make it easier to lie.
【解析】本句的主句部分简单明了，是Some expected emailers to be the biggest liars。较难的
部分是主句后reasoning that的状语部分。reasoning 之后的that 从句中，because deception
makes people uncomfortable在从句中做原因状语，意为“因为欺骗会使人不舒服”。the
detachment (非直接接触) of e-mailing would make it easier to lie，是从句的主干部分。
【译文】一些心理学家认为在电子邮件中人们说谎的几率最大，其理由是欺骗会使人不安，
因此以非直接接触的方式发邮件使人说起谎来更容易。
5. People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—
than if they have time to think of a response.
【解析】本句主句是由more…than句式构成的。in an instant message or phone call是in real
time的同位语，其补充说明作用。句尾的if they have time to think of a response是比较状语从
句。be likely to do sth. 意为“很有可能做某事”。
【译文】汉考克指出，与有时间考虑如何应对的情况相比，人们在发送即时信息或是打电话
等实时交流时更容易说谎。
四、试题详解
57. Hancock ’ s study focuses on 57. 汉考克研究的焦点是______。
______.
A) the consequences of lying in A)各种媒介撒谎的后果
various communications media
B) the success of communications B)现代通讯技术在表达思想方面
technologies in conveying ideas 所取得的成功
C) people ’ s preferences in C)人们在选择通讯技术方面的偏

selecting communications 好
technologies
D) people’s honesty levels across a D)使用不同通讯媒介时人们的诚

range of communications 实度
media.
【快速解题】推理判断题。根据关键词Hancock’s study，答案可定位在第二段最后两句。
【正确项分析】根据第二段最后两句，汉考克教授计算出每种媒介下每次对话的说谎数量，
结果发现不同的交流媒介下人们说谎的数量不同，其中用电子邮件交流时说谎的比例最低，
而用电话交流时比例最高，因此他关注的是人们在不同媒介下的诚实度，故选D。
【干扰项分析】A、C项的内容文中没有提及。短文里只提到通讯技术，并未提及其在表达
方面的成功信息，故排除B项。
58. Hancock ’ s research finding 58. 汉考克的研究结果使得相信_____
surprised those who believed 的人们大吃一惊。
that ______.
A) people are less likely to lie in A)人们很少在实时交流中说谎
instant messages
B) people are unlikely to lie in face- B)人们不太可能在面对面交流中
to-face interactions 说谎
C) people are most likely to lie in C)人们最有可能在电子邮件中说

email communication 谎
D) people are twice as likely to lie in D)电话交谈时说谎的几率是两倍

phone conversations
【快速解题】事实细节类题。根据题干中的关键词Hancock’s research finding surprised，

答案可定位在第三段第一句。
【正确项分析】短文第二段最后一句告诉读者汉考克教授发现用电子邮件交流时说谎的比
例最低，而用电话交流时比例最高。而根据第三段的第二句，一些专家认为人们在电子邮
件中最易于说谎，因此汉考克教授的研究结果令他们吃惊，故选择C项。
【干扰项分析】根据短文第五段第一句话“人们在发送即时消息或是打电话等实时交流时
更容易说谎”，A项的意思恰好相反；短文第三段第三句说另外一些专家认为人们在面对面
交流时，更易于说谎，B项的意思与之相反；D项是汉考克教授的研究结果，与题干不符。
59. According to the passage, why 59. 根据短文，为什么通过某种媒

are people more likely to tell 介交流时，人们更可能讲真
the truth through certain media 话？
of communication?
A) They are afraid of leaving behind A) 人们害怕留下撒谎的记录。
traces of their lies.
B) They believe that honesty is the B) 他们相信诚实是最好的策略。
best policy.
C) They tend to be relaxed when C) 运用那些媒介时人们往往很

using those media. 轻松。
D) They are most practised at those D) 在使用那些媒介时，人们更老

forms of communication. 练。
【快速解题】推理判断题。根据题干中more likely to tell the truth，答案可定位在第四段。

【正确项分析】根据第四段第二句“当人们知道交流内容日后可能被拿来与他们对证时，
就不太敢说谎了”，这说明人们害怕留下撒谎的记录，故选择A选项。
【干扰项分析】选项B、C文中都没有提及；D选项应该说的是“面对面的交流”，根据第
三段最后一句“人们在进行面对面的交流时说的谎话会多一些，因为我们最擅长于这种形式
的交流”，此意恰好与题干的意思相反。
60. According to Hancock the 60. 根据汉考克的研究，电话是促
telephone is a preferable 销的好媒介，因为______。
medium for promoting sales
because ______.
A) salesmen can talk directly to their A) 销售人员可以直接与顾客交
customers 谈
B) salesmen may feel less restrained B) 销售人员可以放松地夸大其
to exaggerate 词
C) salesmen can impress customers C) 销售人员可以给顾客留下值

as being trustworthy 得信任的印象
D) salesmen may pass on instant D) 销售人员可以有效地传递即
messages effectively 时信息
【快速解题】推理判断题。根据medium for promoting sales答案可定位在第六段第二句。

【正确项分析】根据第六段第二句“电话可以作为销售的最好媒介，因为在打电话时，雇
员们有勇气夸大其词”，此句的意思恰好与B项的意思吻合，故选择B项。
61. It can be inferred from the 61. 根据本文，可以推断______。
passage that ______.
A) honesty should be encouraged in A) 人际交流中应该鼓励诚实
interpersonal communications
B) more employers will use emails B) 更多的雇主会使用电子邮件
to communicate with their 与员工交流
employees
C) suitable media should be chosen C) 为了不同的交际目的，可以选

for different communication 择不同的媒介形式
purposes
D) email is now the dominant D) 现在，电子邮件是公司内主要

medium of communication 的交流媒介
within a company
【快速解题】推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段。
【正确项分析】原文最后一段，作者认为打电话时，雇员们有勇气夸大其词。但考虑到注重
诚信的工作业绩考察，最好还是通过电子邮件展开，由此可以得出结论：为了不同的交际目
的，应该选用不同的媒介形式。故选择C项。
五、全文精译
在传达真实信息时，各种通讯技术差别很大。首项比较各种通讯媒介的诚实度的研究表
明，人们在电话中说谎的频率可能是电子邮件中的两倍。电子邮件可以自动保存记录——并
且这些记录的保留会反过来困扰你——这似乎是这项研究结果的关键。
纽约州伊萨卡市康乃尔大学的杰夫·汉考克教授让30名学生用日记记录自己一周内与人
交流的情况。在日记中，学生们记录了自己与人交流十分钟以上的谈话和电子邮件的数量，
并且坦白自己在此期间撒了多少次谎。汉考克从而计算出各种媒介下每次谈话中的说谎数
量。他发现电子邮件中谎话的比例占14%，即时消息中占21%，面对面交谈时占27%，令人
惊讶的是电话交谈中说谎的比例竟高达37%。
四月在奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上，他的研究结果公之于众，这些结果令
心理学家非常吃惊。一些心理学家认为在电子邮件中人们说谎的几率最大，其理由是欺骗会
使人不安，因此以非直接接触的方式发邮件使人说起谎来更容易。另一些心理学家则认为人
们在进行面对面的交流时说谎多一些，因为人们最擅长于这种形式的交流。
但汉考克说问题的关键还在于对话是否被记录，是否可以回查，以及是否为实时交流。
他说，当人们知道交流内容日后可能被拿来与他们对证时，就不太敢说谎了。这也正是电子
邮件的谎言比电话中少的原因。
汉考克指出，与有时间考虑如何应对的情况相比，人们在发送即时消息或是打电话等实
时交流时更容易说谎。他发现很多谎话实际都是对出其不意的要求所做的不假思索的回答，
比如“你喜欢我的衣服吗？”
汉考克希望他的研究能帮助公司为员工设计出最理想的交流方式。比如，电话可以作为
销售的最好媒介。因为打电话时，雇员们有勇气夸大其词。但考虑到结果，注重诚信的工作
业绩评定最好还是通过电子邮件开展。
Passage Two
一、篇章结构
本文是一篇围绕着美国的“安全旅行活动”展开的叙述性报道，文中着重介绍美国的非
法移民因为这次行动而受到的影响。第一段介绍“9.11事件”之后，美国的安全问题尤为紧
迫。第二段介绍作为巩固国家安全措施的一部分，联邦当局以及地方政府在机场开展了一场
“安全旅行活动”，对机场进行突击搜查以及逮捕使用假身份证的员工。第三、四段介绍外
来移民以及美国当局对此次逮捕的反应。第五段说明当事人处在被驱逐出境的威胁之中。
二、核心词汇
1. define v. 下定义，界定
【文中实例】...in a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood... …… 在一个以
理想而非以共同血缘为基石的国家……
【实例拓展】They defined him as a rogue. 他们确定他是骗子。
【举一反三】同义词describe，clarify，explain 解释，使明确
2. pressing a. 紧迫的，迫切的
【文中实例】 In the wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these questions have never seemed more
pressing. 自“9.11恐怖袭击事件”之后，这些问题显得愈加紧迫。
【实例拓展】Pressing business matters prevented him from taking a holiday. 他因生意上的要事
而不能去度假。
【举一反三】同义词driving，urgent，necessary，compelling 紧迫的，必要的
3. part of 一部分
【文中实例】As part of the effort to increase homeland security… 为了加强本国安全……
【实例拓展】Part of the old pictures has been lost. 部分老照片已经丢失。
【举一反三】短语扩展for one’s part 就某人而言；for the most part 通常，很大程度地；
in part 部分地；take part 加入，参与
4. stage vt. 举行
【文中实例】Federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”... 联
邦当局以及14个州的地方政府在机场开展了一场“安全旅行活动”……
【实例拓展】The union staged a one-day strike. 工会筹划举行一天的罢工。
【举一反三】词义扩展stage n. ① 阶段，时期 ② 舞台 vt. & vi. 上演
5. raid n.& v. 突然袭击，突然搜捕
【文中实例】 … raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification ( 身份证
明). ……对机场进行突击搜查以逮捕使用假身份证的员工。
【实例拓展】During their raid on the house, the police found a lot of drugs. 在对这所房子的搜
查中，警方发现了大量毒品。
【举一反三】词组扩展 in an air raid在空袭中；make a raid on... 对……发动袭击
6. disposable a. 可自由支配的
【文中实例】Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt
as if they were being treated like disposable goods. 盐湖城的许多移民都对这次逮捕表示愤
慨，他们说感觉自己就像是一次性商品一样被对待。
【实例拓展】The advertisement is aimed at people in their 20s with high disposable incomes. 这
个广告的对象是那些二十多岁且可支配收入较高的人士。
【举一反三】派生词disposal n. 处置，处理；at one’s disposal 由某人随意使用
7. justified a. 有正当理由的，合理的
【文中实例】Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. 安德森市长
说他们这种感受在某种程度上是合情理的。
【实例拓展】a logical and easily justified decision 合乎逻辑且容易证明合理的决定
【举一反三】短语扩展 be justified with 认为……合理，正当
8. point 要点，重点，核心问题
【文中实例】 When we can try to make a point in terms of national security, then you ’ re
disposable. 在我们谈到国家安全问题的时候，你们就毫无用处了。
【实例拓展】They made a point of visiting their niece on the way home. 他们总是在回家的路
上顺便看望他们的侄女
【举一反三】短语扩展 case in point 恰当的例子；make a point of 特别重视；point sth. out
指出，指明；in point of 就……而言，关于……；to the point 切题的
9. settle vt. 解决，决定，调停
【文中实例】Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. 卡斯特罗的案件目前正等待审
理。
【实例拓展】She has decided how she should settle the matter. 她已确定如何了结这件事。
【举一反三】短语扩展settle down 安顿下来；settle for 勉强接受；settle one’s acount结账
三、难句解析
1. On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, Federal and local
authorities in 14 states staged “ Operation Safe Travel ” — raids on airports to arrest
employees with false identification (身份证明).
【解析】本句的主干部分是federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe
Travel”。破折号后面raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明)在
句中做同位语，解释说明Operation Safe Travel。
【译文】2001年12月11日，为了加强本国安全，联邦当局以及14个州的地方政府在机场开展
了一场“安全旅行活动”，对机场进行突击搜查以逮捕使用假身份证的员工。
2. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they
were being treated like disposable goods.
【解析】本句是由and连接的并列句。and之后的句子中包含由as if 引导的方式状语从句。
as if单独使用时常用虚拟语气，例：Why doesn’t she buy me a drink? It isn’t as if she had
no money! 她为什么不给我买一点饮料？好像她没钱似的!
【译文】盐湖城的许多移民都对这次逮捕表示愤慨，他们说感觉自己就像是一次性商品一样
被对待。
3. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could
have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.
【解析】本句所包含的语法是虚拟语气，表示对过去的虚拟(If条件句)…had… happened，
(主句)…would…have been arrested and could have gone…。
【译文】如果“9.11事件”从来就没发生过，机场的这些工人很可能就不会被捕，而是在美
国平静地生活着，可能会永远这样生活下去。
四、试题详解
62. According to the author, the 62. 根据作者的观点，美国宣称是
United States claims to be a ______的国家。
nation ______.
A) composed of people having A) 由拥有不同价值观的人组成
different values
B) encouraging individual pursuits B) 鼓励个人追求
C) sharing common interests C) 分享共同的兴趣
D) founded on shared ideals D) 在共同理想基础上建立起来
【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中claim定位答案在第一段首句。
【正确项分析】原文首句告诉读者，美国是一个以理想而非以共同血缘为基石的国家，由
此可以得知美国重视共同的理想(shared ideals)。而且题干中的claim恰好与首句中的define
在意思上对应，故选择D项。
63. How did the immigrants in Salt 63. 盐湖城的移民们对于“安全旅行活
Lake City feel about 动”的感受如何？
“Operation Safe Travel”?
A) Guilty. A) 负罪感
B) Offended. B) 被冒犯的
C) Disappointed. C) 失望的
D) Discouraged. D) 泄气的
【快速解题】细节题。根据the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel答案可定位在第三段。

【正确项分析】根据第三段中的angered和felt as if they were being treated like disposable
goods,可以断定移民们反应强烈，自尊心受到很大伤害，故选择B项。
【干扰项分析】A意为“有罪的”，C为“失望的”，D为“气馁的”，三者都不能与原文
angered 的意思相符。
64. Undocumented workers became 64. 非法居留的工人成为“安全旅
the target of “Operation Safe 行活动”的打击目标，因为
Travel” because ______. ______。
A) evidence was found that they A) 有证据表明他们是潜在的恐
were potential terrorists 怖分子
B) most of them worked at airports B) 他们大多数在机场工作，并且
under threat of terrorists 受到恐怖分子的威胁
C) terrorists might take advantage of C) 恐怖分子可能会利用他们不

their illegal status 合法的身份
D) they were reportedly helping hide D) 他们被举报正在帮助机场周

terrorists around the airport 围的恐怖分子
【快速解题】细节题。根据undocumented workers答案可定位在第二段最后一句。
【正确项分析】根据第二段最后一句“当局声称这些没有合法证件的劳工的非法身份使他
们极易受到恐怖分子的讹诈”，而且C项意思与原句中made them open to blackmail所表达的
意思一致，故选择C项。
【干扰项分析】根据第二段中But those captured were anything butterrorists，可以断定A项错
误。B项前半句是事实，但后半句原文没有提及。D项文中完全没有提及。
65. By saying “ ... we ’ re going 65. 文中说“……我们会想其他办
to look the other way in terms 法来对法律中的规定做出解
of what our laws are” (Line 2, 释”（第四段第二行），安德
Para. 4), Mayor Anderson 鲁市长的意思是_____。
means “______”.
A) we will turn a blind eye to your A) 我们将会对你们的非法身份
illegal status 视而不见
B) we will examine the laws in a B) 我们将会采取不同的方式监
different way 管法律
C) there are other ways of enforcing C) 有强化法律的其他方法

the law
D) the existing laws must not be D) 现存的法律不容忽视

ignored
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中的提示，答案可定位在第四段第二句。
【正确项分析】根据第四段第二句，在安德鲁市长的话中，由and连接的两个部分并非顺承
关系而是转折关系，引文中的look the other way，意为忽视某些不好的方面，联系and后面
的部分——谈到国家安全问题的时候，尤其是‘9.11事件’后，他们就毫无用处了，可以
推测美国在劳动力短缺时期对非法移民是睁一眼闭一眼的，故选择A项。
【干扰项分析】C项是强干扰项，它是对题干中look the other way 的误解，它并非是“采
用不同的方式”，而是“视而不见，忽视”之意。B、D项文中均未提及。
66. What do we learn about Ana 66. 根据最后一段，安娜·卡斯特
Castro from the last paragraph? 罗的情况是什么？
A) She will be deported sooner or A) 她迟早会被驱逐。
later.
B) She is allowed to stay B) 她被允许永久居留。
permanently.
C) Her case has been dropped. C) 她的案子被搁置下来了。
D) Her fate remains uncertain. D) 她的命运尚不确定。
【快速解题】推理判断题。根据题干，答案定位在最后一段第三、四句。
【正确项分析】最后一段第三、四句告诉读者，她们全家面临着被驱逐处境的威胁，案件
正在审理之中，由此可知她的命运尚不确定，故选择D项。
【干扰项分析】根据最后一段第四句“案件正在审理中”，可以断定A、B、C项均不合理。
五、全文精译
在一个以理想而非以共同血缘为基石的国家，应该允许什么样的人来工作和居住呢？自
“9.11恐怖袭击事件”之后，这些问题显得愈加紧迫。
2001年12月11日，为了加强本国安全，联邦当局以及14个州的地方政府在机场开展了一
场“安全旅行活动” ，对机场进行突击搜查以逮捕使用假身份证的员工。盐湖城共有69人被
逮捕，但这些被捕的人并非恐怖分子，他们大多数人只是中南美洲的非法移民。当局声称这
些没有合法证件的劳工的非法身份使他们极易受到恐怖分子的讹诈。盐湖城的许多移民都对
这次逮捕表示愤慨，他们说感觉自己就像是一次性商品一样被对待。
安德森市长说他们这种感受在某种程度上是合情理的。“我们说希望你们来这些地方工
作，我们会想其他办法来对法律中的规定做出解释。然而当一切都方便我们行动时或是在我
们谈到国家安全问题的时候，尤其是‘9.11事件’后，你们就毫无用处了。有很多家庭正因
不合理的原因流离失所”，安德森说。
如果“9.11事件”从来就没发生过，机场的这些工人很可能就不会被捕，而是在美国平
静地生活着，可能会永远这样生活下去。机场Ben & Jerry冰激凌店的经理安娜·卡斯特罗在
12月的搜捕行动中被捕，被捕时她已经用假的社会保险卡整整工作了10年。现在，她和她的
家人每天都生活在要被驱逐出境的威胁之中。卡斯特罗的案件目前正等待最终审理。政府已
允许她在等候审判结果期间在美国工作，现在她已重新回到了Ben & Jerry冰激凌店工作。
Part Ⅴ Cloze
一、篇章结构
本文题材为说明文，主要介绍了新产品智能闹钟Sleep Smart的工作原理及这个产品的发
明动机。本文第一段以提问形式开始引出智能闹钟。，第二段介绍智能闹钟的功能。第三、
四段是文章的重点，详细说明智能闹钟的工作原理。第五段介绍其发明动机。整篇文章条理
清晰，通俗易懂。
二、核心词汇
1. phase n. ①阶段，时期 ②（问题等的）方面 v. 分阶段计划
【搭】in phase 同相的，协调的；out of phase 异相的，不协调的；phase down 逐步减少；
phase in 逐步采用；phase out 逐步淘汰，逐步结束【用】a crucial phase 关键时期；a new
phase 新阶段；an opening phase 开始阶段；phase of the research 研究阶段
2. distinct a. ①截然不同的，完全分开的 ②清晰的，明白的，明显的
【搭】be distinct from和……不同【用】a distinct statement明确声明；a distinct view清晰的景
色
3. sleep-deprived a. 缺乏睡眠的
【记】该词是由“名词+动词的过去分词”构成的形容词，相当于一个被动句“sleep is
deprived”。deprive of意为“剥夺，使丧失”。【用】 computer aided计算机辅助的；hand-
made手工的
三、难句解析
1. The point in that cycle at which you wake can affect how you feel later, and may even have a
greater impact than how much or little you have slept.
【解析】本句的重点在于对于主语和谓语的判断。其实如此长的一句话可以分解成The
point can affect…and may even have a greater impact…，可以看出in that cycle和at which you
wake都是the point的定语。how引导的名词性从句作affect的宾语。
【译文】醒来时所处的（循环中）的睡眠阶段会影响你醒来之后的感觉，甚至比睡眠时间多
少对感觉的影响还要大。
2. You program the clock with latest time at which you want to be wakened，and it then duly
wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.
【解析】该句是由连词and引导的并列句。第一个分句含有一个定语从句at which you want
to be wakened，修饰time；第二个分句包含一个由介词during引导的时间状语。
【译文】用户可以把闹钟设置到最近一个希望醒来的时间，然后它就会在那个时间前的最后
一个浅睡状态中将用户叫醒。
3. “As sleep deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of what to do about it”, says Eric
Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research
Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.
【解析】本句结构看似简单，其实比较复杂，我们可以先从句子的主干入手进行分析。首先，
以says Eric Shashoua为基点，可以将句子分成两部分：第一部分是由一个主语和一个介词
as引导的状语成分组成的；第二部分recent college graduate和chief executive officer都是Eric的
同位语。a company…则是laboratories的同位语。
【译文】 “作为长期睡眠不好的人，我们开始考虑解决的办法” 。刚刚大学毕业不久的埃里克
（Eric Shashoua）说。他现任睡眠神经研究实验室的首席行政长官，这是一个由大学生开创、
开发的公司。
四、试题详解
67. 【答案】 C
【快速解题】本题考查惯用搭配。
【正确项分析】动词wait的用法为wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人做某事，所以选择C项。
【能力拓展】wait作不及物动词，常用搭配是wait for。如：Time and tide wait for no man. 时
不待人。此外还有wait on等待或处于准备状态。如：lunch waiting on the table午餐在桌子上
放着。wait有时也作及物动词。如：wait one’s turn 等待轮到自己。
68. 【答案】 B
【快速解题】本题为逻辑衔接题。
【正确项分析】本题句意为“直到你进入睡眠最轻阶段才唤醒你”。换言之，在唤醒你之
前……。故选择B项。
【干扰项分析】towards“向……，朝……”和upon“在……之上”，均不符合本句句意，是
比较容易排除的选项。该题最具迷惑性的选项为D。till“直到……为止，在……以前”。该
句尽管wait是一个持续性的动词，但wait for you to be in your lightest phase却是一个表示瞬间
的动作。因此排除此选项。
【篇章分析】本句是以the clock为主语的句子中的并列谓语，从rousing you这一分词可以判
断该空缺处需要一个连词作时间状语，再根据该句句意便可将干扰项轻松排除。
69. 【答案】 A
【快速解题】该题是词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】该句的意思是“制造商承诺每天早晨醒来都会感觉精神振作” ，意思上符合
的有ensure和assure两选项。但由于空缺处动词后跟的是一个宾语从句，因此选择A 项。
【干扰项分析】从意义上可以轻松地将require“要求，命令”和request“请求，要求”排除。
尽管assure也有“确保”之意，但assure的搭配是assure sb. that。
【篇章分析】对该句结构的分析是避免误选的关键。该句的句式结构并不复杂。主句谓语动
词say后跟了一个宾语从句，空缺处的单词应与should一起构成谓语。该宾语从句的结构为：
主语that+谓语+宾语从句。
【能力拓展】assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生，既可以用来确证某事，也可以表示
使某人确信。assure的宾语通常是人或人称代词，所以不能直接搭配使用that从句。其常用结
构为：assure sb. of sth / that-clause。ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证，即
确保某事发生。ensure后可以直接跟 that-clause，并可以用复合宾语。常用结构为：ensure
sth. /ensure ＋that-clause。
70. 【答案】 A
【快速解题】该题考查动词词组的惯用搭配。
【正确项分析】本句意思是经过一系列睡眠阶段。go through 经历，故选择A项。
【干扰项分析】go about着手做，承担。go into进入。go on 发生，继续。
【能力拓展】go along合作，配合；go at进攻，做；go by消失，经过；go for爱好；go over
检查；go under失败，遭受毁灭
71. 【答案】 D
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】只有repeat能够更好地贴合句意“（这些睡眠阶段）每90分钟重复一次” ，而
且后面一句in that cycle也暗示前面提出的现象是一个循环过程。故选择D项。
【干扰项分析】reveal意为“揭示，展示”；reverse意为“倒转” ；resume意为“恢复”。
【篇章分析】本题若从篇章上来解析就会容易很多，从a sequence of sleep states到every 90
minutes到in that circle，其脉络就清晰了。
72. 【答案】B
【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】本句话的主语为the point，谓语有两个，一是需要填充的动词，另一个是
have a greater impact。
【干扰项分析】首先可以排除A和D两选项，因为effect“作用”是名词，perfect“完美的”
是形容词，而此处需要的是一个动词作谓语。另外reflect虽是动词，但为“反映”之意，不
符合本句句意，故排除。
【能力拓展】与词根fect（做）有关的词还有affection“爱慕，喜爱”，infect“感染”，
defect“缺陷，毛病”等。利用词根记忆单词可以举一反三，将单词记得更牢。
73. 【答案】 D
【快速解题】本题考查逻辑连接。
【正确项分析】本句的比较级显示前后两个分句之间是递进关系，表示“甚至比睡眠时间多
少影响还大”，故选择D项。
【干扰项分析】already“已经”，ever“曾经” ，never“从不”。尽管都是副词，但表示时间
关系，不表示递进。故排除。
【能力拓展】表递进关系的信号词：beside，furthermore，moreover，in addition，even
more important，at most，apart from，not in the least等。
74. 【答案】 A
【快速解题】本题属于词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】根据句意“浅睡状态下被叫醒意味着（mean）更有可能醒来后精力充沛”，
故选择A项。
【干扰项分析】mark意为“标记”，dictate意为“命令，指示” ，say意为“说”，均不能很好
地对应本句句意。故排除。
【篇章分析】being roused during a light phase是分词作主语，空缺单词的后面是一个完整的
句子，表明其为宾语从句，结合主语和宾语的意思，即可确定本题的正确答案。
75. 【答案】 C
【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】作者自本段开始介绍SleepSmart的工作原理。结合上文提到的该装置的功能
是在一个特定的睡眠阶段将人叫醒，而要达到这一点，需要对人的脑电波进行记录和分析，
故选择C项。
【干扰项分析】remove“移动”，relieve“减轻，解除”，recall“回忆，记忆”，均不能使
SleepSmart和脑电波的关系与上下文取得一致，故排除。
【篇章分析】本题看似词义辨析题，实则需要从篇章结构，和对上下文的分析入手寻找突破
口。一旦理清SleepSmart的工作原理，该题便可迎刃而解了。
76. 【答案】B
【正确项分析】在75题的基础上对该句主干成分进行分析可以看出该题所缺之词应是
“brain wave”一词的修饰限定词，睡眠的各个阶段会产生脑电波，该装置的工作原理恰恰
是对脑电波的记录和分析，因此确定答案为选项B。
【干扰项分析】proceed“进行”，pronounce“宣告”，progress“进步”。对于它们与脑电波
的关系，根据上下文很难做出合理解释。故排除。
77. 【答案】 C
【快速解题】本题考查动词的惯用搭配。
【正确项分析】be equipped with用……装备，所以选择C项。
【干扰项分析】由于equip的搭配比较单一固定，故本题的其他选项比较容易排出。
【篇章分析】这是介词via引导的状语，equipped是headware的后置定语。
【能力拓展】equip为及物动词，表示“装备，配备”。除了用于固定短语be equipped with之
外，还可以直接使用equip sb. to do sth.，意为“使某人具备做某事的能力” 。
78. 【答案】D
【快速解题】该题考查词组的惯用搭配。
【正确项分析】the same… as…表示“像……一样”常常构成固定结构。故选择D项。
【干扰项分析】当其他三项表达“像……一样”这一含义时，需使用as…as…。
【能力拓展】familiar a. 熟悉的，亲近的。常用搭配be familiar with。 similar a. 相似的, 类
似的。常用搭配be similar to。identical a. 同一的，同样的。常用结构be identical to。
79. 【答案】 D
【快速解题】本题属于名词词义辨析题。
【正确项分析】本句看似考查词义辨析，实则考查词组的固定搭配。从词组搭配上看be
used for后面常跟表示目的的词，purpose意为“目的”，在此句中表达本器械是用于医疗和研
究这一目的。故选择D项。
【干扰项分析】findings发现；prospects前景；proposal提议，均不适合该句句意和搭配。
【能力拓展】for the purpose of 为……目的。open a new prospect in one’s mind开阔新视野
80. 【答案】 B
【正确项分析】本句解释此装置的使用方法，即把闹钟设定到最近一个希望醒来的时间，能
够表达词义的只有program“规划，编程”。program the clock意为“上闹钟” ，故选择B项。
【干扰项分析】prompt“促使”，plug“堵，塞”，plan“计划” ，均与闹钟的设定无关。
【能力拓展】 prompt vt. 提示，鼓动；a. 敏捷的，迅速的，即时的；adv. 准时地。如：a
prompt reply即刻答复
81. 【答案】 C
【快速解题】本题属于语法结构题。
【正确项分析】定语从句的关系词前有介词时只能用which引导。故选择C项。
【干扰项分析】从对本句语法结构的分析上可以很容易地将其他选项排除。
【篇章分析】该句处于and引导的并列句的前半部分，句式结构较为简单，the latest time后
的成分应为定语。由于介词at的存在，固定地使用“介词+which引导的定语从句”，从而排
除使用that作引导词的可能。
82. 【答案】A
【快速解题】本题考查句子间的逻辑连接。
【正确项分析】and表明前后文的动作是并列顺承关系，由此可知“叫醒”是在前面动作之
后发生的，故选择A项。
【干扰项分析】also表示递进，almost表示程度，yet表示转折，均不符合该句逻辑关系。
【篇章分析】对该句篇章结构的把握是解题的关键，阅读时要注意相关的连词和副词传达的
逻辑关系。如本句中的and和before以及表示时间概念的the latest time和the last light sleep，对
本题的选择来说都是重要的信息点。
83. 【答案】C
【正确项分析】通过谓语动词invent可以看出其主语应为名为Sleep Smart的装置，然而没有
这一选项，另根据四个选项的意思，只有concept“观念，想法”更好地反映主题。故选择
C项。
【干扰项分析】claim“主张” ，conclusion“结论”，explanation“解释” 。显然这三个选项与
本文主题不符，故排除。
【篇章分析】该题不应局限在四个选项的意义辨析，而应该从篇章入手进行分析。由于前三
段都是围绕SleepSmart这一装置展开的说明，本段应在前三段基础上介绍其发明动机，如此
便可锁定选项，找到正确答案。
84. 【答案】B
【快速解题】本题属于考查前后文的逻辑衔接。
【正确项分析】这一观点的发明源于睡眠问题，当然是在这些学生听到一位朋友抱怨醒来后
感觉疲倦导致发挥失利而产生了创作灵感，从时间上讲，应为“醒来之后”，即选项B。
【干扰项分析】基于对本句句意的理解便可很快将其他三项once“一旦”，since“由于，自
从”和while“当……时”逐一排除。
85. 【答案】 D
【快速解题】本题是考查逻辑衔接题。
【正确项分析】本句中的ourselves与we的关系表明“我们自己作为被剥夺了睡眠的人”所采
取的相应行动。as作介词时是“作为……（身份，地位等） ”，所以选择D项。
【干扰项分析】despite意为“不管，尽管，不论”，引导让步状语；besides意为“除……之
外”；to表示一种方向性“向……，对……”。
【篇章分析】对本句中sleep deprived people ourselves在句中的句法功能的把握是解题的重
点，从指称的统一性角度加以把握，就可以看出它是主句的方式状语。
86. 【答案】 A
【快速解题】本题考查惯用搭配。
【正确项分析】start thinking of作为本句的谓语，其后面的内容应是宾语成分。这一成分中
的do about等同于do with，表示“处理，解决” ，常与what搭配，表达“如何处理”之意。故
选则选项A。
【干扰项分析】本题最大的干扰项是选项B。尽管从句意上讲， “如何处理”应该用how，但
how to do about是错误的，因为do about不能没有宾语，所以至少应该加上it之类的宾语。
【能力拓展】do with 常与连接代词 what 连用，而 deal with 常与连接副词 how 连用，如：
五、全文精译
你每天早上醒来会感觉很累很难受吗？如果这样的话，一种新型闹钟会很适合你。
这种被称为SleepSmart的闹钟能够测量你的睡眠周期，等待你进入睡眠较轻的阶段才唤
醒你。其制造商承诺说这一闹钟令你每天早晨醒来都会感觉精神振作。
人们睡觉时会经过一系列睡眠阶段——浅度睡眠、深度睡眠和快动眼睡眠——这些睡眠
阶段每90分钟就会重复一次。醒来时处于循环中的哪一个睡眠阶段会影响醒后的感觉，甚至
比睡眠时间长短的影响还要大。浅睡状态下被叫醒更有可能意味着醒来后精力充沛。
SleepSmart通过一种安装有电极和微型处理器的头带装置记录下大脑各个睡眠阶段产
生的特定模式的脑波。这种装置就像用于医疗和研究的机械一样，能够测量头带佩戴者的大
脑活动状况，并通过无线电与床边的闹钟相连。你可以把闹钟设定到最近一个希望醒来的时
间，然后它就会在那个时间前的最后一个浅睡状态中将你叫醒。
这一发明理念来自一群就读于罗得岛布朗大学的学生。他们在听到一个朋友抱怨醒来后
感觉很累以至于考试发挥失利后产生了发明该装置的想法。 “自身作为长期睡眠不好的人，
我们开始考虑解决的办法” 。刚刚大学毕业不久的埃里克说。他现任睡眠神经研究实验室的
首席行政长官，这是一个由大学生开创、开发的公司。
六、命题风向标
　　总体来说，本次完形填空考题难度总体适中，部分题目难度呈现两极分化的趋势。有些
题目，如67题实际上就是考一个十分简单的固定搭配wait for sb. to do sth.，基本上是一道送
分的题目。但是还有一些题目，如71题，虽然正确答案是repeat这一基本词汇，但在干扰项
中出现了reveal，resume，reverse等四级中难度较大的词汇。本次完形填空命题显示选项词
汇难度显著上升。这是四级考试词汇单选题取消后的必然结果。随着词汇单选常考点向完形
填空转移，建议考生在复习备考新四级时，除了关注历年完形填空真题外，一定要关注过去
四级真题中词汇单选部分涉及的单词。
其次，本次完形填空命题中还设置了相当分量的词组和固定搭配题目。如67题的wait
for sb. to do sth；70题的词组pass through；77题的be equipped with；78题的 the same…as；
79题的for…purposes等。
　最后，科普文章知识性较强，有时会涉及一些专业性的知识。解题时要善于把握文章的
背景、主题或结构，在文章所给信息无法帮助解题的情况下，结合常识构建一定的轮廓。
Part VI Translation
87.【答案】finding the way to the history museum
【结构分析】本句的主语是he。谓语是had。宾语是no trouble。finding the way to the history
museum是动名词作补语。Having spent some time in the city是现在分词短语作原因状语。
【要点解析】（1）本题考查的是have (no) trouble (in) doing sth.词组的用法，该词组应使用动
名词形式。（2）“找到去……的路”可用词组finding the way to。
【原句精译】因为在城里呆了很久，他很容易找到去历史博物馆的路。
【能力拓展】动名词用法：一有些词组后加动名词作宾语：如admit to，prefer…to，be used
to，lead to，devote oneself to，object to，stick to，busy，look forward to等。
88.【答案】In order to pay my tuition fee/to finance my education；To pay for my education :To
pay my tuition fees
【结构分析】本句的主语是Mother。谓语是takes on。more work than is good for her是宾语。
In order to pay my tuition fee是不定式作目的状语。
【要点解析】（1） “为了”的表达方式是in order to或to。（2）“挣钱供我上学”有不同的
翻译方法，如finance my education；to pay for my education / to pay my tuition fees。
【原句精译】为了挣钱供我上学，妈妈经常做太多的工作。
【能力拓展】不定式作目的状语：有些单词或短语可引起目的状语，如：only to，in order
to，so as to，so(such)… as to…例：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶
上第一班班车。I come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。
89.【答案】we (should) hand in our / the research report
【结构分析】本句的主语是the professor。谓语是required。That we (should) hand in our/the
research report是宾语。
【要点解析】（1）本题考查的是require的用法。 require 单词后接宾语从句时，从句要用虚
拟语气，即require that sb. (should) do sth.。（2） “交”可以译为hand in。
【原句精译】教授要我们交研究报告。
【能力拓展】①表示主观判断、推测、命令、建议、要求、请求、提议之类的词后面的that
从句的谓语动词应该用虚拟语气：(should) + 动词原形。如：order，suggest，propose，
require，demand，request，insist，command，insist。例：In the past men generally preferred
that their wives (should) work in the home. 以前，一般来说，男人更愿意他们的妻子待在家里
操持家务。 ② It is suggested / demanded / necessary / a pity / required / requested / ordered/
insisted… + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。
例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 有人建议我们下周开会。
90.【答案】the more confused I am
【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是I，谓语是am。
【要点解析】（1）本题考查the more…, the more… 句型的用法。（2）“糊涂”的正确译法
为be confused。
【原句精译】你越解释，我越糊涂。
【能力拓展】（1） “愈……愈……”句型的译法是：the+比较级+句子，the +比较级+句子。
例： The more I use it, the more I ’ ve come to like it. 用得越多，我越喜欢它。（ 2 ）
confused a. 困惑的，烦恼的；confusion n. 困惑，糊涂。in confusion处于混乱状态；a
confusion of 一片混乱的；confuse v. 使困惑，混淆。
91.【答案】he was fired by the company
【结构分析】本句的主语是he。谓语是was fired。last week because of the economic crisis是状
语。though 引导的是让步状语。
【要点解析】本题考查though用法，同时考察被动语态。（1）though引导让步状语从句时，
主句不应有but存在。（2）“被公司解雇”应用被动语态，可用be fired或be discharged表示。
【原句精译】尽管技术不错，但他还是被公司解雇了。
【能力拓展】though的用法：Though she tried very hard, she failed in the examination. 虽然她
很刻苦，但考试还是不及格。与though相关的短语：as though好像……似的，仿佛……一样；
even though即使，纵然；What though…? 尽管……有什么关系? 即使……有什么要紧?
答案速览
1. N 2. Y 3. Y 4. Y 5. N 6. NG 7. N
8. personal freedom of mobility
9. 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries
10. his vision and leadership
Part III Listening Comprehension
11. A 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. B 19. B 20. C
21. D 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. A 30. C
31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A
36 ． future 37 ． trained 38 ． admire 39 ． schedule 40 ． considerate 41 ． waste
42．visible
43．necessarily 44.something that is simply there around them, not something they can use.
45.the fast food industry can be seen as a clear example of American cultural product. 或the fast
food industry may serve as a good example of an American cultural product.
46, spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture.
47. F 48. B 49. E 50. L 51. K 52 J 53 N 54 A 55 O 56 I
57. D 58. C 59. A 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. B 64. C 65. A 66. D
Part Ⅴ Cloze
67. C 68. B 69. A 70. A 71. D 72. B 73. D 74. A 75. C 76. B
77. C 78. D 79. D 80. B 81. C 82. A 83. C 84. B 85. D 86. A
Part VI Translation
87. finding the way to the history museum
88. In order to pay my tuition fee/to finance my education；To pay for my education ;To pay my
tuition fees
89. we (should) hand in our / the research report
90. the more confused I am
91. he was fired by the company
2009年12月大学英语四级考试试题
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of
Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following the outline
given below:
1. 建设绿色校园很重要
2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……
3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……
Creating a Green Campus
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the
questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices
marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given
in the passage.
Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid

Good grades and high tests scores still matter—a lot—to many colleges as they award
financial aid.
But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the college-bound
population in coming years, some schools are re-examining whether that aid, typically known as
“merit aid”, is the most effective use of precious institutional dollars.
George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for example, said last week that it
would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of
recipients（接受者）, pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into need-based aid. Allegheny
College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.
Now, Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., says it will phase out merit scholarships altogether.
No current merit-aid recipients will lose their scholarships, but need-based aid alone will be
awarded beginning with students entering in fall 2008.
Not all colleges offer merit aid; generally, the more selective a school, the less likely it is to
do so. Harvard and Princeton, for example, offer generous need-based packages, but many
families who don’t meet need eligibility（资格）have been willing to pay whatever they must
for a big-name school.
For small regional colleges that struggle just to fill seats, merit aid can be an important
revenue-builder because many recipients still pay enough tuition dollars over and above the
scholarship amount to keep the institution running.
But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has served primarily as a tool to
recruit top students and to improve their academic profits. “They’re trying to buy students,”
says Skidmore College economist Sandy Baum.
Studies show merit aid also tends to benefit disproportionately students who could afford to
enroll without it.
“As we look to the future, we see a more pressing need to invest in need-based aid,” says
Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, which has offered merit
scholarships for 10 years. During that time, it rose in US News & World Report’s ranking of the
best liberal arts colleges, from 25 to 17.
Merit aid, which benefited about 75 students a year, or about 4% of its student body, at a cost
of about $ 1 million a year, “served us well,” Inzer says, but “to be discounting the price for
families that don’t need financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”
Need-based aid remains by far the largest share of all student aid, which includes state,
federal and institutional grants. But merit aid, offered primarily by schools and states, is growing
faster, both overall and at the institutional level.
Between 1995-96 and 2003-04, institutional merit aid alone increased 212%, compared with
47% for need-based grants. At least 15 states also offer merit aid, typically in a bid to enroll top
students in the state’s public institutions.
But in recent years, a growing chorus（异口同声）of critics has begun pressuring schools
to drop the practice. Recent decisions by Hamilton and others may be “a sign that people are
starting to realize that there’s this destructive competition going on,” says Baum, co-author of
a recent College Report that raises concerns about the role of institutional aid not based on need.
David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College Council, says many of his schools
would like to reduce their merit aid but fear that in doing so, they would lose top students to their
competitors.
“ No one can take one-sided action, ” says Laird, who is exploring whether to seek an
exemption（豁免）from federal anti-trust laws so member colleges can discuss how they could
jointly reduce merit aid, “ This is a merry-go-round that ’ s going very fast, and none of the
institutions believe they can sustain the risks of trying to break away by themselves.”
A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so popular with middle-income families,
who don ’ t qualify for need-based aid, that many have come to depend on it. And, as tuitions
continue to increase, the line between merit and need blurs.
That’s one reason Allegheny College doesn’t plan to drop merit aid entirely.
“We still believe in rewarding superior achievements and know that these top students truly
value the scholarship,” says Scott Friedhoff, Allegheny’s vice president for enrollment.
Emory University in Atlanta, which boasts a $4.7 billion endowment（捐赠）, meanwhile,
is taking another approach. This year, it announced it would eliminate loans for needy students
and cap them for middle-income families. At the same time, it would expand its 28-year-old merit
program.
“Yeah, we’re playing the merit game,” acknowledges Tom Lancaster, associate dean for
undergraduate education. But it has its strong point, too, he says. “The fact of the matter is, it’s
not just about the lowest-income people. It’s the average American middle-class family who’s
being priced out of the market.”
＊A few words about merit-based aid:
Merit-based aid is aid offered to students who achieve excellence in a given area, and is
generally known as academic, athletic and artistic merit scholarships.
Academic merit scholarships are based on students ’ grades, GPA and overall academic
performance during high school. They are typically meant for students going straight to college
right after high school. However, there are scholarships for current college students with
exceptional grades as well. These merit scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and
they can be renewed each year as long as the recipients continue to qualify. In some cases,
students may need to be recommended by their school or a teacher as part of the qualification
process.
Athletic merit scholarships are meant for students that excel（突出）in sports of any kind,
from football to track and field events. Recommendation for these scholarships is required, since
exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a coach or a referee （裁判） .
Applicants need to send in a tape containing their best performance.
Artistic merit scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area. This generally
includes any creative field such as art, design, fashion, music, dance or writing. Applying for
artistic merit scholarships usually requires that students submit a portfolio（选辑）of some sort,
whether that includes a collection of artwork, a recording of a musical performance or a video of
them dancing.
1. With more and more low-income students pursuing higher education, a number of colleges
are ________.
A) offering students more merit-based aid B) revising their financial aid policies
C) increasing the amount of financial aid D) changing their admission processes
2. What did Allegheny College in Meadville do three years ago?
　　A) It tried to implement a novel financial aid program.
　　B) It added $ 2.5 million to its need-based aid program.
　　C) It phased out its merit-based scholarships altogether.
　　D) It cuts its merit-based aid to help the needy students.
3. The chief purpose of rankings-conscious colleges in offering merit aid is to ______.
A) improve teaching quality B) boost their enrollments 　　
C) attract good students D) increase their revenues
4. Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at Hamilton, believes ______.
A) it doesn’t pay to spend $ 1 million a year to raise its ranking
B) it gives students motivation to award academic achievements
C) it’s illogical to use so much money on only 4% of its students
D) it’s not right to give aid to those who can afford the tuition
5. In recent years, merit-based aid has increased much faster than need-based aid due to ______.
　　A) more government funding to colleges B) fierce competition among institutions
　　C) the increasing number of top students D) schools’ improved financial situations
6. What is the attitude of many private colleges toward merit aid, according to David Laird?
A) They would like to see it reduced.
B) They regard it as a necessary evil.
C) They think it does more harm than good.
D) They consider it unfair to middle-class families.
7. Why doesn’t Allegheny College plan to drop merit aid entirely?
A) Raising tuitions have made college unaffordable for middle-class families.
B) With rising incomes, fewer students are applying for need-based aid.
C) Many students from middle-income families have come to rely on it.
D) Rising incomes have disqualified many students for need-based aid.
8. Annual renewal of academic merit scholarships depends on whether the recipients remain
______.
9. Applicants for athletic merit scholarships need a recommendation from a coach or a referee
who ______ their exceptional athletic performance.
10. Applicants for artistic merit scholarships must produce evidence to show their ______ in a
particular artistic field.
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the
end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the
conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a
pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide
which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
11. A) Get some small change. B) Find a shopping center.
C) Cash a check at a bank. D) Find a parking meter.
12. A) Shopping with his son. B) Buying a gift for a child.
C) Promoting a new product. D) Bargaining with a salesgirl.
13. A) Taking photographs. B) Enhancing images.
C) Mending cameras. D) Painting pictures.
14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was young.
B) He can provide little useful information.
C) He will show the woman around Baltimore.
D) He will ask someone else to help the woman.
15. A) He is rather disappointed. B) He is highly ambitious.
C) He can’t face up to the situation D) He knows his own limitation.
16. A) She must have paid a lot for gym.
B) She is known to have a terrific figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results.
D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.
17. A) Female students are unfit for studying physics.
B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor.
C) Physics is an important course at school.
D) The professor’s suggestion is constructive.
18. A) Indifferent. B) Doubtful. C) Pleased. D) Surprised.
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes. B) He has signed up for a day course.
C) He has to work during the day. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.
20. A) Learn a computer language. B) Learn data processing.
C) Buy some computer software. D) Buy a few coursebooks.
21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to 9:45. B) From September 1 to New Year’s eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 weeks. D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in total.
22. A) What to bring for registration. B) Where to attend the class.
C) How he can get to Frost Hall. D) Whether he can use a check.
23. A) A training coach. B) A trading adviser.
C) A professional manager. D) A financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses. B) He considers cooking creative.
C) He can enjoy healthier food. D) He thinks take-away is tasteless.
25. A) It is something inevitable.　　 B) It is frustrating sometimes. 　
C) It takes patience to manage. 　　 D) It can be a good thing.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
26. A) There were no planets without moons. B) There was no air or water on Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer space. D) The mystery of life could not be resolved.
27. A) It has a number of active volcanoes. B) It has an atmosphere like the earth’s.
C) It has a large ocean under its surface. D) It has deep caves several miles long.
28. A) Light is not an essential element to it. B) Life can form in very hot temperatures.
C) Every form of life undergoes evolution. D) Oxygen is not needed for some life forms.
Passage Two
29. A) Whether they should take the child home.
B) What Dr. Mayer’s instructions exactly were.
C) Who should take care of the child at home.
D) When the child would completely recover.
30. A) She encourages them to ask questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are to do at home.
D) She asks them to repeat what they are supposed to do.
31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed word. B) It contains many grammatical errors.
C) It is heavily dependent on the context. D) It facilitates interpersonal communication.
Passage Three
32. A) Job security. B) Good labour relations.
C) Challenging work. D) Attractive wages and benefits.
33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done manually.　　
B) More and more unskilled workers will lose jobs.
C) Computers will change the nature of many jobs.　　
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made enjoyable.
34. A) Offer them chances of promotion.
B) Improve their working conditions.
C) Encourage them to compete with each other.
D) Give them responsibilities as part of a team.
35. A) They will not bring real benefits to the staff.
B) They concern a small number of people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of ordinary workers.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the
first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second
time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have
just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.
For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main
points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check
what you have written.
In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36)
______ into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process.
Factual writing provides (37) ______ information on an author, composer, or artist or on a
type of music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38)
______ cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might
read in a music (39) ______ course. This kind of writing provides a (40) ______ for your study of
the humanities.
As its name (41) ______, descriptive writing simply describes, or provides an (42) ______
of, a piece of music, art, or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an
artist used in a painting or the (43) ______ a composer included in a musical composition, so as to
make pictures or sounds in the reader ’ s mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44)
________.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) ________. This
kind of writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is
important. (46) _________.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word
for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the
passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a
letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
In families with two working parents, fathers may have more impact on a child’s language
development than mothers, a new study suggests.
Researchers 47 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year old,
interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements. Overall, it
was a group of well-class families, with married parents both living in the home.
When the children were 2, researchers videotaped them at home in free-play sessions with
both parents, 48 all of their speech. The study will appear in the November issue of The
Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology.
The scientists measured the 49 number of utterance (话语) of the parents, the number of
different words they used, the complexity of their sentences and other 50 of their speech. On
average, fathers spoke less than mothers did, but they did not differ in the length of utterances or
proportion of questions asked.
Finally, the researchers 51 the children’s speech at age 3, using a standardized language
test. The only predictors of high scores on the test were the mother’s level of education, the 52
of child care and the number of different words the father used.
The researchers are 53 why the father’s speech, and not the mother’s, had an effect.
“ It ’ s well 54 that the mother ’ s language does have an impact, ” said Nadya
Pancsofar, the lead author of the study. It could be that the high-functioning mothers in the study
had 55 had a strong influence on their children’s speech development, Ms. Pancsofar said,
“or it may be that mothers are 56 in a way we didn’t measure in the study.”
A) already B) analyzed C) aspects D) characters E) contributing F)

describing
G) established H) quality I) quoted J) recording K) recruited L) total
M) unconscious N) unsure O) yet
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You
should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a
single line through the centre.
Passage One
Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and
how they’ll change America. Rightly so, but selfishly, I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama
and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American
woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world’s attention. And that means that
for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-
American woman they so rarely see.
Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be
that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who can’t keep a man. Even in the world of make-
believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females
raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.
These images have helped define the way all women are viewed, including Michelle Obama.
Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most
urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simple to be herself.
It won ’ t be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on
regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we
face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.
Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little
interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to
see Michelle bring to the White House—mainly showing the world that a black woman can
support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyone—
an impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉
着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for
far too long.
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?
A) She serves as a role model for African women.
B) She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.
C) She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.
D) She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.
58. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?
A) They are victims of violence. B) They are of an inferior violence.
C) They use quite a lot of body language. D) They live on charity and social welfare.
59. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?
A) Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.
B) How Michelle should behave as a public figure.
C) How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.
D) What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.
60. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?
A) However many fans she has, she should remain modest,
B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African-American community.
C) However hard she tries, she can’t expect to please everybody.
D) She will give priority to African-American women’s concerns.
61. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?
A) Help change the prevailing view about black women.
B) Help her husband in the task of changing America.
C) Outshine previous First Lady.
D) Fully display her fine qualities.
Passage Two
When next year ’s crop of high-school graduates arrive at Oxford University in the fall of
2009, they’ll be joined by a new face; Andrew Hamilton, the 55-year-old provost (教务长) of
Yale, who’ll become Oxford’s vice-chancellor—a position equivalent to university president in
America.
Hamilton isn’t the only educator crossing the Atlantic. Schools in France, Egypt, Singapore,
etc, have also recently made top-level hires from abroad. Higher education has become a big and
competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it ’ s gone global. Yet the talent
flow isn ’ t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from
America.
The chief reason is that American schools don’t tend to seriously consider looking abroad.
For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it
wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university’s budget.
“We didn’t do any global consideration,” says Patricia Hayes, the board’s chair. The board
ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado businessman and political activist (活动
家) who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising. Fund-
raising is a distinctively American thing, since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. The fund-
raising ability is largely a product of experience and necessity.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding.
But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student number. The decline in
government support has made funding-raising an increasing necessary ability among
administrators and has hiring committees hungry for Americans.
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003,
when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-
chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major
strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
Of course, fund-raising isn ’t the only skill outsiders offer. The globalization of education
means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind of
promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh
perspective on established practices.
62. What is the current trend in higher education discussed in the passage?
A) Institutions worldwide are hiring administrators from the U.S.
B) A lot of political activists are being recruited as administrators.
C) American universities are enrolling more international students.
D) University presidents are paying more attention to funding-raising.
63. What is the chief consideration of American universities when hiring top-level administrators?
A) The political correctness. B) Their ability to raise funds.
C) Their fame in academic circles. D) Their administrative experience.
64. What do we learn about European universities from the passage?
A) The tuitions they charge have been rising considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their position by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the government.
65. Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because _____.
A) she was known to be good at raising money
B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract students overseas
D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status
66. In what way do top-level administrators from abroad contribute to university development?
A) They can enhance the university’s image.
B) They will bring with them more international faculty.
C) They will view a lot of things from a new perspective.
D) They can set up new academic disciplines.
Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices
marked A), B), C), and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits
into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line
through the centre.
Older people must be given more chances to learn if they are to contribute to society rather
than be a financial burden, according to a new study on population published recently.
The current people approach which 67 on younger people and on skills for employment is
not 68 to meet the challenges of demographic (人口结构的) change, it says. Only 1% of the
education budget is 69 spent on the oldest third of the population.
The 70 include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in 71 ,
that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people are 72 state
pension age.
“ 73 needs to continue throughout life. Our historic concentration of policy attention and
resources 74 young people cannot meet the new 75 ,” says the report’s author, Professor
Stephen McNair.
The major 76 of our education budget is spent on people below the age of 25. 77
people are changing their jobs, 78 , partners and lifestyles more often than 79 , they need
opportunities to learn at every age 80 , some people are starting new careers in their 50s and
later.
People need opportunities to make a “ midlife review ” to 81 to the later stage of
employed life, and to plan for the transition (过渡) 82 retirement, which may now happen
83 at any point from 50 to over 90, says McNair.
And there should be more money 84 to support people in establishing a 85 of identity
and finding constructive 86 for the “third age”, the 20 or more years they will spend in
healthy retired life.
67. A) operates B) focuses C) counts D) depends
68. A) superior B) regular C) essential D) adequate
69. A) currently B) barely C) anxiously D) heavily
70. A) regulations B) obstacles C) challenges D) guidelines
71. A) enjoyment B) retirement C) stability D) inability
72. A) over B) after C) across D) beside
73. A) Indentifying B) Learning C) Instructing D) Practicing
74. A) at B) by C) in D) on
75. A) desires B) realms C) needs D) intentions
76. A) measure B) ratio C) area D) portion
77. A) When B) Until C) Whether D) Before
78. A) neighbors B) moods C) homes D) minds
79. A) age B) ever C) previously D) formerly
80. A) For example B) By contrast C) In particular D) On average
81. A) transform B) yield C) adjust D) suit
82. A) within B) from C) beyond D) to
83. A) unfairly B) unpredictably C) instantly D) indirectly
84. A) reliable B) considerable C) available D) feasible
85. A) sense B) conscience C) project D) definition
86. A) ranks B) assets C) ideals D) roles
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.
87. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).
88. Despite the hardship he encountered, Mark never ______________(放弃对知识的追求).
89. Scientists agree that it will be a long time ______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).
90. Production has to be increased considerably to __________________(与消费者不断增长的
需求保持同步).
91. The more exercise you take,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).
2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解
Part Ⅰ Writing
审题谋篇
本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么
容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这
一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的
相关信息。
根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树
木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化
氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念
的基础上，考生还应对 “绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织
素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长
远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。
需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。
而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末
段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。
参考范文
　　Creating a Green Campus
Recently, with the idea of making and maintaining “a green earth” being the focus of the
society, “ green campus ” has become a more and more popular concept in universities or
colleges, which, undoubtedly, will bring us an ever-lasting benefit to both our campus and our
society.
The concept of “green campus” does not only mean a green environment but also refers
to an environmental sense in people’s mind. Campus plays a crucial role in educating the young
generation and the consciousness of “green campus” will definitely produce a profound effect
on students’ various environmental protection activities after their graduation. What’s more,
the young generation is under the burden of severe environmental pollution and there are many
problems waiting for them to solve.
To make “ green campus ” come true, firstly, it is necessary to work out effective
principles for the development of sustainable and recyclable campus. Secondly, it calls for people’
s awareness of the serious pollution around us and actual action to reduce the waste. Last but not
least, it is necessary to strengthen the ties between campus and society, so as to ensure that
“green campus” can work smoothly with the co-effort of the whole society.
建设绿色校园
近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点， “绿色校园”也成为
校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。
“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻
一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影
响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。
为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。
其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同
样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会的共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利
实施。
范文点评
范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构
建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不
仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会
这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，
无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使
用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。
【生动的用词】 maintain保持；concept概念；profound长远的；sustainable可持续的；
recyclable可循环的。
【丰富的短语】bring benefit to带来利益；play a crucial role in发挥关键作用；under the
burden of在……重负下；come true实现；call for要求。
【多变的句式】
范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更
好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。
避错指导
本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉的校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大
关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可
持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审
题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目
了然。
除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考
生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。
最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：
正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写
focus n. 焦点 focuse
effect n. 影响 effection /affect
environment n. 环境 envirment/invironment
burden n. 负担 burdon
solve v. 解决 slove
serious a. 严肃的 serous
true a. 真的 ture
society n. 社会 soceity
theory n. 理论 thery
总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，
无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。
能力拓展
【同义词转换】
作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。
1. realize → be aware of 意识到
We’d better be aware of the seriousness of pollution around us. 我们最好意识到周围污染
的严峻性。
2. keep → preserve 保持
It is necessary to educate the students to be conscious of the importance to preserve the
environment. 有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。
3. lead → conduct 引导
This will help conduct the activities of the college students. 这有助于引导大学生的行为。
【话题备考锦囊】
6. The idea of “a green campus” is beyond a green environment. “绿色校园”绝不仅仅是
一个绿色环境。
7. The construction of “ a green campus ” will greatly stimulate students to take part in
various environmental protection activities. 建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境
保护。
8. To bring “a green campus” to its full play, effective measures should be taken. 为全面实
施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。
9. Campus construction is of vital importance not only to the physical development of students
but to their mental health as well. 校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的
心理健康也很重要。
10. There is little doubt that further consideration must be paid to our green campus. 毫无疑问，
对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。
【话题词汇拓展】
devastation n. 毁坏
disastrous a. 损失惨重的
doom v. 厄运，毁灭
existence n. 存在，生活
healthful a. 健康的
messy a. 肮脏的，凌乱的
participation n. 分享，参与
preserve v. 保存，保护
preventive a. 预防性的
purify v. 澄清，净化
stimulation n. 激励，鼓舞
arouse consciousness 唤起意识
命题风向标
本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在
本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”
可以采用多种表达：green campus和environmental-friendly campus；
“绿色校园的构建”可以
使用create，build up，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。
从关注白色污染，到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园的构建，四级作文命题重点在
侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析
的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己的语言能力，始终是四级作文备考
的根本。

篇章结构
核心词汇
1. aid n. ①帮助，援助 ②助手v. 帮助，援助
【用】financial aid经济援助；merit aid/ Merit-based奖学金；need-based aid助学金或经济
资助；foreign aid外援，对外援助；hearing aid助听器；aids and appliances用具，设备
【搭】in aid to用来帮助，起……作用；lead one’s aid (to)援助，给予帮助；in aid of作
为援助……之用【拓】aidance n. 协助，帮助；aidant a. 帮助的；aided a. 辅助的
2. project v. ①设计 ②发射n. 事业，计划，工程
【用】Project Hope希望工程；project manager项目经理；project plan项目
规划； project budget 项目预算，工程预算【拓】 projection n. 突出，发射；
projecting a. 突出的
3. selective a. 选择性的
4. 【用】selective analysis重点分析；selective breeding选择育种，选择性繁殖
【拓】select v. 挑选，选拔a. 精选的；selection n. 选择，挑选，选集
5. package n. 包裹；套装软件，程序包a. 一揽子的
【用】package design包装设计；package agreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案；
package holiday（旅行社安排一切的）一揽子旅游；package tour包办旅行（路
线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游）；package program组装程
序【拓】pack n.包装，背包v. 包装，压紧；packaged a. 袋装的；packager n. 打包
机
6. ranking a. 头等的；n. 等级，地位
【用】ranking list排名；ranking method等级法，排序法【拓】rank n. 等级；队
列；v. 排列，列队
7. grant v. ①授予 ②承认；n. ①授予物 ②拨款
【用】grant of a patent授予专利权【搭】take…for granted认为……是理所当然；
【拓】grants n. 补助金，津贴（grant的复数）
Granted/Granting that即使……（也）
8. enrol v. 登记，入学，参军，注册
【搭】enrol in选课，参加【拓】enrollment n. 登记，入伍；enrollee n. 入学者，
入伍者
9. eliminate v. 消除，排除
【用】 eliminate illiteracy扫盲；eliminate poverty 消除贫困；eliminate noise

消除噪声【拓】eliminate 是指把已进入者从中排除；exclude v. 指把想进入者拒之门外
10. qualify v. 使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifying examination资格考试，初
试；qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，
作为……合适；qualify for有……的资格，合格【拓】qualified a. 有资格的，合格的
11. excel v. 胜过，优于，擅长n. [计算机] 软件名称

【搭】to excel in/at (在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人；to excel in music 擅长音乐【拓】
excellent a. 极好的，卓越的；excellence n. 优秀，长处
12. submit v. 使服从，提交【用】submit oneself to discipline遵守纪律；submit

registration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submit to 服从；submit…to 将……呈交给
【拓】 submission n. 服从，投降
试题详解
1. 【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院＿＿。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是more and more，low-income students和pursuing higher
education。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。
【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“But with low-income students projected to make up an ever-
larger share of the college-bound population in coming years, some schools are re-examining
whether that aid, typically known as merit aid, is the most effective use of precious institutional
dollars. ” 原文中 with low-income students projected to make up an ever-larger share of the
college-bound population 和题干中 with more and more low-income students pursuing higher
education意思一致；原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为Ｂ。
2. 【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么？
D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称Allegheny College in Meadville和do，由此定位
到原文第三段。
【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“ George Washington University in Washington, D.C., for
example, said last week that it would cut the value of its average merit scholarships by about one-
third and reduce the number of recipients (接受者), pouring the savings, about $2.5 million, into
need-based aid. Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa., made a similar decision three years ago.”题
目中的Ｄ项It cut its merit-based aid help the needy students与原文cut the value of its average
merit scholarships by about one-third and reduce the number of recipients, pouring the savings,
about $2.5 million, into need-based aid意思相同，所以答案为Ｄ。
3. 【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是＿＿。
C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。
【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“But for rankings-conscious schools in between, merit aid has
served primarily as a tool to recruit top students and to improve their academic profiles.”原文中
的recruit表示“招收”，和答案Ｃ中的attract意思相似，所以答案为Ｃ。
4. 【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡·英泽相信＿＿。
D 【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是 Monica Inzer, dean of admission and financial aid at
Hanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。
【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“to be discounting the price for families that don ’ t need
financial aid doesn’t feel right any more.”原文与Ｄ项it’s not right to give aid to those who
can afford the tuition意思相同，所以答案为Ｄ。
5. 【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为＿＿。
B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-based aid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二
段第二句。
【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typically in a bid to enroll top students in the state’s
public institutions.” in a bid to 可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enroll top students in
the state’s public institutions符合原题意思，所以答案为Ｂ。
6. 【原题译文】依大卫·莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么？
A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是David Laird，attitude，private colleges和merit aid，由此
即可定位到原文第十四段。
【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“David Laird, president of the Minnesota Private College
Council, says many of his schools would like to reduce their merit aid”。原文和答案Ａ项They
would like to see it reduced意思一致，所以答案为Ａ。
7. 【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金？
C【快速解题】本题的题干是Allegheny College和drop merit aid。由此即可定位到原文第十六
段。
【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“ A complicating factor is that merit aid has become so
popular with middle-income families, who don’t qualify for need-based aid, that many have to
depend on it.”。原文中depend on和答案Ｃ选项中的rely on意思相同，所以答案为Ｃ。
8. qualified
【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annual renewal，academic，merit scholarships和recipient，
由此即可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分。
【篇章分析】原文 A few words about merit-based aid 部分第四句指出：“ These merit
scholarships usually help students pay tuition bills, and they can be renewed each year as long as
the recipients continue to qualify”。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合
条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的each year在本题中被换成了 annual，原文中的
renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该
填形容词qualified。
9. recognizes
【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推
荐。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和a coach or a referee，由此即可定位到原文A few
words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第三段：“Recommendation for
this scholarships is required, since exceptional athletic performance has to be recognized by a
coach or a referee (裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁
判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而a coach or a referee是第三人称单数，所以
本题应该填的答案是recognizes。
10. excellence
【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。
【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artistic merit scholarships，produce evidence和
show，由此可定位到原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段。
【篇章分析】原文A few words about merit-based aid这一部分第四段指出：“Artistic merit
scholarships require that applicants excel in a given artistic area”
。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定
艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的in a given artistic field和题目中的in a particular artistic field同
义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，
需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。
全文精译
大学重新审视奖学金的价值
许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷
分数。
　　但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校
正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。
　　例如，华盛顿特区的乔治·华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖
学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿
勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。
　　纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主
失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。
并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金；一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学
金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的
家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。
对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要
来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的
运转。
　　但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一
种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪·波美说，“他们试图购买学生” 。
　　研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。
　　“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡
·英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》
对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。
　　奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖
学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助
的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”
助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。
但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。　
一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04
年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提
供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。
但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最
近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他
人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。
　明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫·莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕
这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。
　　“没有人可以采取单方面行动， ”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的
豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。 “这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有
大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”
　　一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，
结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。
　　这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。
　　“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”，阿勒格尼大学
负责招生的副校长斯科特·弗利达霍夫说。
　　位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今
年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已
有28年历史的奖学金项目。
“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰·卡斯特承认。但这
也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、
普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”
＊关于奖学金制度的几点补充
奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。
学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门
为学生在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的。然而，还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生
准备的奖学金。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继
续享受。某些情况下，学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。
运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。
本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。申请者需要寄送
包含他们最佳表现的一盘磁带。
艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、
时装、音乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术
作品集、音乐表演录像或舞蹈的视频。
Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension

Section A
试题详解
11. A) Get some small change. A）换取零钱。
B) Find a shopping center. B）找一个购物中心。
C) Cash a check at a bank. C）在银行兑现支票。
D) Find a parking meter. D) 找一个停车计费器。
【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似
场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题
型。
【正确项分析】由but后的money changer可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项B (购物中
心)和选项D (停车) 二个场景，答案应在选项A、C当中。C选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话
中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项A。
M: Excuse me. Do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.
W: I ’ m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center
across the street.
Q: What is the man trying to do?
男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗？我需要支付停车费。
女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。
问题：男士要干什么？
【词汇点拨】parking meter 停车计费器；cash a check 支票兑现；change n. 零钱
12. A) Shopping with his son. A) 与儿子一起购物。
B) Buying a gift for a child. B) 给孩子买礼物。

C) Promoting a new product. C) 促销新产品。
D) Bargaining with a salesgirl. D) 与女售货员讨价还价。
【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻
找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”（促销），而其它选项
都和“购买”有关；答案应在选项A、B、D中。
【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了
suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toy train和brand，加上男生说的school boy，可确定答案为
选项B。
【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并
无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。
M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?
W: I ’ d suggest this toy train, sir. It ’ s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world
these days.
Q: What is the man doing?
男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗？
女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。
问题：男士正在做什么？
【词汇点拨】recommend v. 推荐；brand n. 品牌；promote v. 促销；bargain v. 讨价还价
13. A) Taking photographs. A) 拍照。
B) Enhancing images. B) 突显形象。
C) Mending cameras. C) 修理相机。
D) Painting pictures. D) 画画。
【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排
除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到taking pictures（拍照），由此确定话题方向。
【正确项分析】女士说话中提到taking pictures，与选项A中的taking photographs一致，答案
为A选项。
W: Do you let people know when you’re taking pictures of them?
M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and
unnatural.
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗？
男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。
问题：讲话人在谈论什么？
【词汇点拨】pose v. 摆姿势 n. 姿势，姿态；enhance v. 提高，加强；image n. 图像，形象
14. A) He moved to Baltimore when he was A) 他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。
young.
B) He can provide little useful B) 他提供不了太多有用信息。

information.
C) He will show the woman around C) 他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。

Baltimore.
D) He will ask someone else to help the D) 他将找其他人来帮助女士。

woman.
【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么” 。
本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词 move to，provide，
show around和ask。
【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下
之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。
【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则” ，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，
可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主
动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。
W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I’m told you lived there.
M: Oh, but I was really young at the time
Q: What does the man mean?
女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。
男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。
问题：男士是什么意思？
【词汇点拨】show around 领……参观
15. A) He is rather disappointed. A) 他非常失望。
B) He is highly ambitious. B) 他很有抱负。
C) He can ’ t face up to the C) 他不能面对处境。

situation.
D) He knows his own limitation. D) 他知道自己的不足。
【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读
较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用
but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。
【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与
选项D同义。
【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的a little 不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。
W: Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion?
M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I ’ m ready for that kind of
responsibility.
Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?
女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗？
男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。
问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息？
【词汇点拨】 disappointed a. 失望的； ambitious a. 有雄心的； promotion n. 晋升；
responsibility n. 责任
16. A) She must have paid a lot for the A) 她一定在健身房花了很多钱。

gym.
B) She is known to have a terrific B) 她以身材好而闻名。

figure.
C) Her gym exercise has yielded good C) 她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效

results. 果。
D) Her effort to keep fit is really D) 她努力健身的做法值得称赞。

praiseworthy.
【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都
是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答
案。
【正确项分析】男士提到your effort has paid off，这与选项C中的has yielded good results一致，
故选择C项。
【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称
赞她的作法，故排除选项D。
W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.
M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.
Q: What does the man imply about the woman?
女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。
男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。
问题：男士暗示女士什么？
【词汇点拨】gym n. 健身房；yield v. 产生；keep fit 保持体型；work out 体育锻炼；out
of shape 走形，走样；pay off 得到好结果
17. A) Female students are unfit for studying A) 女学生不适合学习物理。

physics.
B) He can serve as the woman’s tutor. B) 他可以担当女士的家庭教师。

C) Physics is an important course at C) 在学校，物理是一门很重要的
school. 学科。
D) The professor ’ s suggestion is D) 教授的建议是有建设性的。

constructive.
【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。
选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。
【正确项分析】首句用到suggest，接着说到tutor，场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项
A、C。首句Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics，可知答案为选项D。
W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics.
M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.
Q: What does the man mean?
女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。
男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。
问题：男士的意思是什么？
【词汇点拨】tutor n. 家庭教师；constructive a. 有益的，建设性的
18. A) Indifferent. A) 漠不关心的。
B) Doubtful. B) 怀疑的。
C) Pleased. C) 高兴的。
D) Surprised. D) 惊奇的。
【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音” 意义解释题，
同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话
者的语气。
【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没
有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞
职。与选项A意义相符。
W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won’t be laid off after all.
M: Oh, I ’ m somewhat tired of working here. I ’ ve been wondering whether I should
resign. Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.
Q: How does the man feel about the news?
女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗？好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。
男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消
息对你来说是个好事。
问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的？
【词汇点拨】indifferent a. 漠不关心的；doubtful a. 持怀疑态度的；lay off 解雇；resign
v.辞职；be tired of … 对……厌倦
19. A) He prefers the smaller evening A) 他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。

classes.
B) He has signed up for a day B) 他已经报名参加白天课程。

course.
C) He has to work during the day. C) 他白天上班。
D) He finds the evening course D) 他发现晚上课程更便宜。

cheaper.
【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论evening class，选项B讲述day course，立刻可推测此

长对话与课程有关，且该课程有day class和evening class之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，
男士应偏重于evening class，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择evening class的原因。
【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明it would have to be an evening course since I work during
the day，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。
20. A) Learn a computer language. A) 学习一门计算机语言。
B) Learn data processing. B) 学习数据处理。
C) Buy some computer software. C) 买一些电脑软件。
D) Buy a few course books. D) 买一些课本。
【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所
报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初
步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。
【正确项分析】女士先提到了Have you taken any courses in data processing，在其后紧跟着又
对其进行了解释 data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer
programming。对于data processing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。
21. A) Thursday evening, from 7:00 to A) 周四晚，7点至9点45分。

9:45.
B) From September 1 to New B) 从9月1号至新年前夕。

Year’s eve.
C) Every Monday, lasting for 12 C) 每周一，持续12周。

weeks.
D) Three hours a week, 45 hours in D) 一星期三小时，总共45小时。

total.
【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测
为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下
文场景。
【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了every Monday, from 7 to 9:45。接
下来在let me see停顿之后出现答案12 weeks，from September 1 to Christmas eve. 整合以上信
息，应选C。
【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursday evening，原文中明确给出应该是Monday evening。选项
B中的New Year’s eve也是偷梁换柱，应为Christmas eve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，
持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。
22. A) What to bring for registration. A) 登记时需要带什么。
B) Where to attend the class. B) 到哪里去上课。
C) How he can get to Frost Hall. C) 去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。
D) Whether he can use a check. D) 他是否能用支票。
【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面
出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。
【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，Is there anything
that I should bring with me? 与选项A同义。
【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原
文中男士也明确表明I know how to get there，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女
士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。
W: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?
M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for
the fall semester.
W: Do you want a day or evening course?
M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.
W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?
M: No.
W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer
programming.
M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays.
W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.
M: Just once a week?
W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.
M: Oh! Well, that’s alright. I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?
W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first week in September, and finish, oh, just before
Christmas. December 21st.
M: And how much is the course?
W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.
M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?
W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.
M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?
W: Yes, that’s the one.
M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?
W: No, just your checkbook.
M: Well, thank you very much.
W: You’re very welcome. Bye!
M: Bye!
19: Why does the man choose to take an evening course?
20: What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?
21: What do we learn about the schedule of the evening course?
22: What does the man want to know at the end of the conversation?
女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗？
男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。
女士：白天上课还是晚上上课？
男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。
女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗？
男士：没有。
女士：哦! 好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。
男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课? 我希望不是星期四。
女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。
男士：一周仅上一次？
女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。
男士：哦! 没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程？
女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。
男士：这门课程多少钱？
女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。
男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记？
女士：在9月2号、3号6 点至 9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。
男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗？
女士：是的，就是那儿。
男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?
女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。
男士：哦，太谢谢了。
女士：不用客气。再见！
男士：再见！
19：为什么男士选择晚间上课？
20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么？
21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息？
22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息？
【词汇点拨】course n. 课程；computer programming 计算机编程；data processing 数据
处理；parking lot 停车场；schedule n. 时间表
23. A) A training coach. A) 教练员。
B) A trading adviser. B) 商业顾问。
C) A professional manager. C) 职业经理。
D) A financial trader. D) 金融交易商。
【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，
对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。
【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及trading in financial markets，根据同义推断原理，可推断
该男士的职业是financial trader.
24. A) He can save on living expenses. A) 他可以节省生活费用。
B) He considers cooking creative. B) 他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。
C) He can enjoy healthier food. C) 他喜欢健康食物。
D) He thinks take-away is tasteless. D) 他觉得外带食品不好吃。
【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪
有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。
【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away，即可
知答案就在附近，接下来的一句To do something my brain will regard as creative中，出现了关
键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。
25. A) It is something inevitable. A) 是某种不可避免的事情。
B) It is frustrating sometimes. B) 有时候令人沮丧。
C) It takes patience to manage. C) 它需要耐心来管理。
D) It can be a good thing. D) 它可能是件好事。
【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率
最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一
题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。
【正确项分析】I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. 只要抓住此句中的一个关键词
uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。
W: So, why exactly does your job have a reputation for being stressful?
M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of
a situation controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.
W: How do you relax in the evening?
M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the
gym or go for a run, especially if I’ve had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a
take-away. To do something my brain would regard as creative.
W: Do you think what you do for relaxation is an effective way to beat stress?
M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is
effective for me.
W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?
M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an
element of stress is a good thing, and if used the right way, it can actually be a positive thing.
W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?
M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy a mental challenge.
Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage
those emotions dictates short, medium and long term trading performance and success.
23: What is the man’s job?
24: Why does the man prefer to cook a meal rather than have a take-away?
25: What does the man say about an element of stress in his job?
女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢？
男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结
合。
女士：你晚上如何放松？
男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。
尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有
创意的事。
女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗？
男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。
女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢？
男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用
得当，压力实际上是有益的。
女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力？
男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围
的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。
23：男士的工作是什么？
24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖？
25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么？
【词汇点拨】reputation n. 名声，名气；combine v. 合并；financial a. 金融的；take-
away 外带食品；positive a. 积极的，有益的；uncertainty n. 不确定性
Section B
Passage One
篇章结构
本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲
的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能
性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例
子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。
词汇点拨
fascinated a. 着迷的；surface n. 表面；bacteria n 细菌；automatically ad. 自动地；probe
n.探头，探针；evolution n. 进化
话题词汇
beneath prep. 在……之下
Jupiter n. 木星
moon n. 卫星，月球
nitrogen n. 氮
planet n. 行星，星球
volcanic activity 火山活动
难句解析
1. Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else
besides earth.
【解析】since early times作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为be fascinated with，即
“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是idea of life，existing somewhere else besides earth为现在分
词作定语修饰名词life。
2. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core
giving off volcanic heat.
【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为make sb. do sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。
从句的主语为Europa，giving off volcanic heat作定语修饰has的宾语a rocky core。
试题详解
26. A) There were no planets without A) 除了卫星外没有行星。

moons.
B) There was no air or water on B) 在木星上没有空气或水。

Jupiter.
C) Life was not possible in outer C) 在外空是没有生命的。

space.
D)The mystery of life could not be D) 生命的奥秘是不能解决的。

resolved
【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应
在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。
听音时关注no planets，no air or water还是no life。
【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经（once）相信什么事实？那么根据我们的理解，应
该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是 Until
recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream，意为科学家们认
为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。
27. A) It has a number of active A) 有很多活火山。

volcanoes.
B) It has an atmosphere like the B) 有像地球上的大气层。

earth’s.
C) It has a large ocean under its C) 在它的表面有一个大海洋。

surface.
D) It has deep caves several miles D) 有几英里长的深洞穴。

long.
【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项
中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。
【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是Space probes have
provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球
表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。
28. A) Light is not an essential element to A) 光不是必备因素。

it.
B) Life can form in very hot B) 生命在很热的温度下能够形成。

temperatures.
C) Every form of life undergoes C) 每种生命的形成都需要进化。

evolution.
D) Oxygen is not needed for some life D) 氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。

forms.
【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命
形成因素，分别为light，hot temperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短
文结束前找到答案。
【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Until recently, scientists thought that light was
essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves
several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there。意为
科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，
也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。
原文及译文
Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else
besides earth. Until recently, scientists believed that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream.
But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of
planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our
own solar system. One planet scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter.
Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes
have also made the scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off
volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to
form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe
there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already
created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until
recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that
are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the ocean. And bacteria, primitive forms
of life have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa ’ s sub-surface ocean doesn ’ t
automatically rule out life forming.
26. What did scientists once believe according to the passage?
27. What have scientists found about Europa, a moon of Jupiter?
28. What have scientists come to know recently about the formation of life?
从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们
认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命
的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为
生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。
太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表
层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是
一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学
成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。
直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的
黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生
命形成的可能性。
26. 根据短文，科学家曾相信什么？
27. 科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息？
28. 最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么？
Passage Two
篇章结构
本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位
医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到
底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东
西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。
词汇点拨
suffer v. 遭受；confusing a. 令人迷惑的；episode n. 插曲；version n. 版本；challenge v.
挑战
话题词汇
context n. 上下文
physician n. 内科医生
recover v. 恢复
stability n. 稳定性
act out 表演出来
emergency room 急诊室
oral communication 口头交际
tailored to 定制的
难句解析
1. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members.
【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listening to her，主语为a half a dozen other family members。
正常语序为：A half a dozen other family members were also listening to her.
2. All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they
have three or four different versions.
【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，had heard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之
前就发生了此动作。I have given just a few hours before做定语修饰the simple instructions，
省略连接词that。
试题详解
29. A) Whether they should take the child A) 他们是否应该将孩子带回家。

home.
Ｂ ) What Dr. Mayer ’ s instructions B) 玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。

exactly were.
C) Who should take care of the child at C) 谁在家照顾孩子。

home.
D) When the child would completely D) 什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。

recover.
【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，take
care of 以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。
【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为the family asked her to settle an
argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given，意为亲属们就医生到底
讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项
B正确。
30. A) She encourages them to ask A) 她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。

questions when in doubt.
B) She makes them write down all her B) 她让他们记下她的医嘱。

instructions.
C) She has them act out what they are C) 她让他们把将在家里做的事情表

to do at home. 演出来。
D) She asks them to repeat what are D) 她让他们复述要做的事。

supposed to do.
【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是Doctor Myer，而与医生相对的
多半为病人。注意关键词ask question，write down，act out和repeat。
【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢？原文为 She asks them to
tell her what they think they are supposed to do，原文的 tell her与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，
选项D为正确答案，
31. A) It lacks the stability of the printed A) 它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。

word.
B) It contains many grammatical B) 它包含许多语法错误。

errors.
C) It is heavily dependent on the C) 它十分依赖上下文语境。

context.
D) It facilitates interpersonal D) 它有助于人际交往。

communication.
【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，
context和communication。
【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语
交流 (human speech) 总结了什么。原文为human speech lacks the stability and permanence of
the printed word，与选项A一致。
原文及译文
In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Mayer treated a child who
had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for
discharge, Doctor Mayer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home.
Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came
to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what
advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, “All of them had heard
the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different
versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were
intelligent people. ” This episode gave Doctor Mayer her first clue to something every doctor
learns sooner or later---- most people just don’t listen very well.
Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some
patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-
home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients ’ situation. Doc. Mayer ’ s
listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced
with a challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word.
Oral communication is fast-moving and impermanent.
29. What did the child’s family members argue about in the hospital?
30. What does Doc. Mayer do to insure her patients understand her instructions?
31. What does the speaker say about human speech?
乔安娜·玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接
受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他
成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医
嘱到底是什么。 “因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短
几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不
清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而
这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。
如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应
该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当
面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文
字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。
29. 孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么？
30. 为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么？
31. 说话者如何评述人类口语？
Passage Three
篇章结构
此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人
们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。
词汇点拨
challenging a. 挑战性的；logical a. 合理的；manually ad. 手动地；identify v. 认同；
tedious a. 单调的，沉闷的
话题词汇
arbitrarily ad. 专横地
mechanical a. 机械的
robotics n. 机器人学
by definition 当然
job security 职业安全感
labor relations 劳资关系
难句解析
1. It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good
wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg
argued that such conditions do not motivate workers.
【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，
后面的不定式to suppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做
things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，one expert 与Frederick Herzberg为同位语，that后
引导宾语从句。
2. However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there’re always plenty of
boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.
【解析】本句主句为there be 句型，常见的短语with the development of作时间状语，意
为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring， repetitive 和
mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilled people.
试题详解
32. A) Job security. A) 职业安全感。
B) Good labor relations. B) 愉快的劳资关系。
C) Challenging work. C) 挑战性的工作。
D) Attractive wages and benefits. D) 有吸引力的工资和利益。
【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词job security，labor relation，work，和wages and benefits可

知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。
【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文
Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job,
recognition and responsibility，连接词in contrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西
包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，
即挑战性的工作。
【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定but one
expert, Frederick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers。故可全部排除。
33. A) Many tedious jobs continue to be done A) 许多单调的工作继续由手工

manually. 做。
B) More and more unskilled workers will B) 越来越多的非技术工人将失

lose jobs. 业。
C) Computers will change the nature of C) 电脑将改变很多工作性质。

many jobs.
D) Boring jobs will gradually be made D) 无聊的工作将变得快乐。

enjoyable.
【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，
unskilled and lose job，computer和boring and enjoyable。
【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However, even with the
development of computers and robotics, there ’ re always plenty of boring, repetitive and
mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them.，连接词however后出现了答
案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需
要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。
34. A) Offer them chances of promotion. A) 提供给他们晋升机会。
B) Improve their working conditions. B) 改善他们的工作条件。
C) Encourage them to compete with C) 鼓励他们相互竞争。

each other.
D) Give them responsibilities as part of D) 给他们责任，让他们成为团队一

a team. 部分。
【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选
项中的promotion，compete和team。
【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即
出现在for example前的总结句：Give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a
part of a team。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。
35. A) They will not bring real benefits to A) 他们将不能给员工带来真正利

the staff. 益。
B) They concern a small number of B) 他们与少数人相关。

people only.
C) They are arbitrarily set by the C) 是管理人员随意制定的。

administrators.
D) They are beyond the control of D) 他们超出了普通工人的控制。

ordinary workers.
【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的
对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。
【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Such
values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only
concern a few people，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的
个别人相关。答案为选项B。
原文及译文
It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good
wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Frederick Herzberg argued
that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast,
include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility.
However, even with the development of computers and robotics, there ’ re always plenty of
boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how
do managers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not
as individuals, but as a team. For example, some supermarkets combine office staff, the people
who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the checkout into a team, and let them decide
what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the
importance of a company ’ s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for
example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable
products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial
targets which ultimately only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number
of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in an industry can
seriously play in to be the best.
32: What can actually motivate workers according to Frederick Herzberg?
33: What does the speaker say about jobs in the computer era?
34: What do some supermarkets do to motivate employees?
35: Why does the speaker say financial targets are less likely to motivate workers?
　　认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激
励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克·赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员
工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认
可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和
机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种
工作的人呢? 一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有
些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。
现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连
锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只
与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，
当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。
32：根据弗洛迪克·赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工？
33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点？
34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施？
35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工？
Section C
原文重现
In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be (36)
classified into three types of informational writing: factual, descriptive, and process. Factual
writing provides (37) background information on an author, composer or artist or on a type of
music, literature, or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or (38) album
cover and longer pieces, such as an article describing a style of music which you might read in a
music (39) appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a (40) context for your study of the
humanities.
As its name (41) implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an (42) image of, a
piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist
used in a painting or the (43) instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to
make pictures of sounds in the readers ’ mind by calling up specific details of the work. (44)
Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.
Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about a result. (45) It tells the reader
how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a film. This kind of
writing is often found in art, where understanding how an art has created a certain effect is
important. (46)Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of
informational writing.
篇章结构
此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说
性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其
是全文的首句：In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. 关键是要正确理解
humanities（人文学科）一词。
词汇点拨
humanities n. 人文学科；context n. 环境，语境，上下文；technique n. 技巧
话题词汇
composer n. 作曲家
book jacket 护封
instrument n. 乐器
background information 背景知识
music appreciation 音乐鉴赏
musical composition 乐曲
试题详解
36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词
classified，构成be classified into结构。
37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时，很容易将其推测为形容
词，但background是常见词，而background information作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用
到。
38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，long piece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与
book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。
39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation
(“鉴赏”)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。
40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能
考到，此题不易失分。
41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样” ，立刻可以联系到show等词，而
原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。
42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么？立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填
出。
43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musical instrument。然而此空需要注意的是
它的复数形式。
44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptive writing，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话
语。答案为 Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature is often mixed with
critical writing。particularly可替换为especially，be mixed with意为“与……混合” 。也可写为
Descriptive writing is mixed with critical writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如
particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptive writing和critical writing。
45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processing writing，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。
shoot a film，意为拍电影。采分点为how to do something和 technique。
46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材
的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为more than one
type of technique is used in writing。
全文精译
在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写
作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或
者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的
作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作题材为人文学科研究提
供了依据。
正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立
一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在
音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描
写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。
解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，
拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重
要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。

Section A
篇章结构
全文共分为七段。第一段介绍了本文的主题——双职工家庭中，父亲可能比母亲对于
孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。第二至六段介绍研究者们对九十二个家庭的孩子的活动以
及父母与之交流的语言进行了跟踪、调查，最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了
标准化的语言测试，并对他们的言语进行了分析。研究者们发现父亲而非母亲的言语对孩子
更有影响。最后一段，那达亚·潘克索发说可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的言
语发展产生了很大的影响，或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中没有测量。
词汇热身
【名词】aspects 方面；characters 性质，特征；quality 质量
【动词】analyzed 分析；established确定的，证实的; quoted 引用；recruited 招聘，招募；
contributing 贡献，捐献；describing 描述；recording 记录
【形容词】total 总共的，总计的；unconscious 不知道的，无意识的；unsure不确定；
【副词】yet 还，仍旧；already 已经
难句解析
4. Researchers recruited 92 families form 11 child care centers before their children were a year
old, interviewing each to establish income, level of education and child care arrangements.
【解析】本句的主干是 Researchers recruited 92 families，主干之后 form 11 child care
centers是介词短语作定语, 修饰families, 而before their children were a year old是时间状
语从句。句子的第二部分interviewing each to… 是现在分词短语作谓语recruit的伴随状
语。
【译文】研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，
并且逐一了解他们的收入、受教育状况、以及孩子的照顾情况。
5. “ It’ s well established that the mother ’ s language does have an impact, ” said Nadya
Pancsofar, the lead author of the study.
【解析】句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。其中It’s well established that…,
意为“大家公认……” ，而真正的主语that the mother’s language does have an impact中的
does用来表示强调，意为“的确，确实” 。
【译文】该研究的主要作者那达亚·潘克索发说：“大家公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。
”
试题详解
47．【快速解题】动词辨义题。
K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断
定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中
analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一
询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑
意义上不符。
48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。
J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents 的补足语。根据句意可知此处
应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。
”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording 符合题意。
L【火眼金睛】空格位于the 与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容
词中total 符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。
50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。
C【火眼金睛】空格位于other 之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，
意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程
度以及他们语言的其他方面。”
B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩
余的备选动词中analyzed 符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行
了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。”
52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。
H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为 the 与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句
意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同
词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality 符合题意。
53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。
N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why 从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系
表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为
“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。”
G【火眼金睛】空格处在is well和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中
established 符合题意, 其中it is well established that…，意为“大家公认……”。
55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。
A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的
had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语have a strong influence on…，结合句意，
备选副词中already符合题意。
E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最
终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意, 意为
“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”
全文精译
一项新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大
的影响力。
研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且
逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。总之，它们都是受过良好教育的中
产阶级家庭，父母双亲都和孩子住在一起。
当孩子两岁时，研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他
们所有的谈话。该研究将发表在《应用发展心理学杂志》第十一期。
科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量、使用不同词汇的数量、他们的语句的复杂程度
以及他们语言的其他方面。通常，父亲比母亲说的少，但是在话语的长度和问问题的多少方
面，他们没有差别。
最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究人员对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言
进行了分析。测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度、养育孩子的质量和父亲使用
不同词汇的数量。
令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。
该研究的主要作者那达亚·潘克索发说：
“大家都公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”也可
能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的语言发展产生了很大的影响。她又讲到，“或者
可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”
Section B
Passage One
篇章结构
本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLE OBAMA
IS A BLACK SKINNED BEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关
注米歇尔·奥巴马，因为作为准第一夫人，米歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔
女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对黑人女性带有成见的看法，因此米歇尔将代表
所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人对
她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。
核心词汇
9. candidate n. 候选人，申请求职者
【文中实例】 Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential
candidates and how they’ll change America. 在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成
为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。
【实例拓展】He is running as a candidate for Liberal party。他作为民主党候选人参选。
【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nominee n. 申请者，候选人
10. fascinate v. 使着迷，使极感兴趣
【文中实例】I’m more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, ….我
更期待米歇尔·奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，……。
【实例拓展】Her beauty fascinated every boy. 她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。
【举一反三】派生词 fascinated a. 着迷的；fascinating a. 令人着迷的；fascination n. 魅力
11. prevailing a. 普遍的，盛行的，流行的
【文中实例】The prevailing theory seems to be that we’re all hot-tempered single mothers who
can’t keep a man. 时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男
人。
【实例拓展】a prevailing set of cultural values 一套盛行的文化价值观
【举一反三】派生词prevail (over) v. 胜过，压倒，占优势
12. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法
【文中实例】Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can’t escape the stereotype
of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.
在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚
的酒鬼老妈养大。
【实例拓展】It’s wrong to stereotype people, as if they were all alike. 把人们看作都是一样的，
这是错误的。
【举一反三】派生词stereotype v. 使模式化 stereotyped a. 固定化的，老一套的
13. commit v. 承诺，使受约束
【文中实例】Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First
Lady, …在有机会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，……。
【实例拓展】He has committed himself to support them. 他答应负担他们的生活。
【举一反三】派生词committed a. 坚定的，忠诚的；commitment n. 承诺，诺言
6. feature n. 特写，专题报道
【文中实例】 Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular
African-American women,…. 因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女
性，……。
【实例拓展】a frontpage feature on coal mining 头版上关于采煤的特写
【举一反三】词义扩展feature n. 特征，容貌；v. 以……为特征，特写
7. represent v. 代表，象征
【文中实例】For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all. 不管怎样，米歇尔即将代表我
们所有人。
【实例拓展】The Foreign Minister represented the country at the conference. 外交部长代表该
国出席大会。
【举一反三】派生词representative n. 代表，典型人物
难句解析
1. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal
with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
【解析】文中第二个that引导一个宾语从句，结构稍显复杂，其主干部分是people will
have a chance to get up…with the type of African-American woman…，意为“人们将有机
会接触这一类型的非洲裔美国女性”。 they so rarely see是woman的定语从句。
【译文】这意味着人们即将首次有和她零距离接触的机会，而她代表的正是人们平时极
少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。
2. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-
American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a
regular basis.
【解析】本句的开头部分是Because引导的原因状语从句，其中该从句中的状语是in-
depth features on regular African-American women“关于普通非洲裔美国女性深入的报道”
。逗号之后是本句的主句little is known，about之后是由who, what, and what 引导的三个
介词宾语从句。句末的短语on a regular basis，意为“通常” 。
【译文】主流的媒体们都未曾深入报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，所以我们是什么样的人，
我们的思想和我们通常面临的问题都鲜为人知。
3. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence
and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that ’ s been around for far too
long.
【解析】句子的主语较长是a little of her poise(沉着), confidence and intelligence。谓语部
分是 will go a long way ，此处可以理解为 will have an important influence 。句末 in
changing an image that…作方式状语，其中that从句是定语修饰image。
【译文】但对于像我一样的非洲裔美国人来说，即便能够学到她的一丝沉着，一丝自信
和一丝聪慧，那都将会很大程度上改变长久以来黑人女性给人的印象。
试题详解
57. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong 57. 为什么作者认为米歇尔·奥巴马

fascination for the author? 有着不可抗拒的魅力？
A) She serves as a role model for African A) 她是非洲妇女的典型代表

women.
B) She possesses many admirable qualities B) 作为第一夫人，她拥有令人羡慕

becoming a First Lady. 的气质
C) She will present to the world a new C) 她将向世界展示非洲裔美国女

image of African-American women. 性的新形象
D) She will pay closer attention to the D) 她将更关注非洲裔美国女性的
interests of African-American women. 利益
【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中关键词Michelle Obama和fascination for the author，

答案可定位在第一段第二句和末句。
【正确项分析】根据第一段第二句…what she might be able to do, not just for this country,
but for me as an African-American woman和本段末句中…people will have a chance to get up
close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see，即她（米歇尔）
会代表美国的黑人女性，并且人们通过与她的密切接触来了解美国黑人女性的形象。C的意
思与之相符，故选C 。
【干扰项分析】A项表述错误，因为米歇尔是美国人，不是非洲人。B项是强干扰项，根据
末段末句米歇尔具有沉着、自信、聪慧的内在品质，作者并未提及“作为第一夫人，她拥有
令人羡慕的气质”。D选项文中没有提及。
58. What is the common stereotype of 58. 在作者看来，非洲裔美国女性在公

African-American women according to the 众心中有着怎样的刻板印象？
author? .
A) They are victims of violence. A) 她们是暴力的牺牲品
B) They are of an inferior violence. B) 她们粗俗暴虐
C) They use quite a lot of body language. C) 她们过多地使用身体语言
D) They live on charity and social welfare. D) 她们靠慈善和福利度日
【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的关键词stereotype of African-American women，答

案可定位在第二段第二、三句。
【正确项分析】这前两句告诉读者人们普遍认为大多数黑人女性都是暴躁脾气的单身妈妈，
吸引不住男人。在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交
过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。选项B的意思与之接近，故选B选项。
59. What do many African-Americans 59. 在许多非洲裔美国人的博客里

write about in their blogs? 都提到了什么？
A) Whether Michelle can live up to the A) 米歇尔是否能不负她的粉丝们

high expectations of her fans. 的众望
B) How Michelle should behave as a B) 米歇尔怎样展示自己的公众形

public figure. 象
C) How proud they are to have a black C他们以白宫里有一位黑人妻子与

woman in the White House. 母亲感到自豪
D) What Michelle should do as wife and D) 米歇尔怎样去成就自己在白宫

mother in the White House. 里母亲和妻子的形象
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中African-Americans write about in their blogs，答案可

定位在末段第二句。
【正确项分析】根据此句Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like
to see Michelle bring to the White House----mainly showing the world that a black woman can
support her man and raise a strong black family，意为“许多非洲裔美国人的博客里都曾写到
对米歇尔的期待，写到她带进白宫的将是对整个世界的宣言，宣告黑人女性同样可以支持
老公，同样可以肩负一个黑人家庭的重任。”由此可以看出许多美国黑人都期望她能向世人
展示作为优秀的妻子和母亲的黑人女性的形象，故选D选项。
【干扰项分析】选项B是强干扰项，短文中（第二段）作者着重强调美国黑人女性作为妻子
和母亲形象不佳，所以在末段第二句中，作者提到美国黑人的博客中的留言是期望米歇尔能
向世人展示作为优秀的妻子和母亲的黑人女性的形象，而选项B 的意思不符。A、C项文中
未提及。
60. What does the author say about 60. 作者对于米歇尔·奥巴马做第一

Michelle Obama as a First Lady? 夫人怎样看？
A) However many fans she has, she should A) 尽管她有着无数粉丝，但她应

remain modest. 该低调。
B) She shouldn’t disappoint the African- B) 她不会让非洲裔美国公众失望。

American community.
C) However hard she tries, she can ’ t C) 尽管她非常努力，她决不会令

expect to please everybody. 所有人满意。
D) She will give priority to African- D) 她会优先考虑非洲裔美国女性

American women’s concerns. 的利益。
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题目，答案可定位在末段末句。
【正确项分析】根据此句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her
poise(沉着)，confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been
around for far too long，即但对于像我一样的非洲裔美国人，即便能够学到她的一丝沉着，
一丝自信和一丝聪慧，那都将会很大程度上改变长久以来黑人女性给人的印象，由此可知米
歇尔是不会令美国黑人失望的。故选择B.
61. What do many African-American 61. 广大美国黑人女性希望米歇尔·奥

women hope Michelle Obama will do? 巴马做些什么？
A) Help change the prevailing view A) 帮助改变黑人女性在公众心中的
about black women. 形象
B) Help her husband in the task of B) 帮助她老公去胜任改变美国的任

changing America. 务
C) Outshine previous First Lady. C) 光彩盖过前任第一夫人
D) Fully display her fine qualities. D) 全面展示她的良好个人素质
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题目African-American women hope答案定位在末段末句。

【正确项分析】短文第四段末句For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all，即米歇尔代
表着美国黑人女性的形象。末段末句提到“对于像我一样的非洲裔美国人，即便能够学到
她的一丝沉着，一丝自信和一丝聪慧，那都将会很大程度上改变长久以来黑人女性给人的
印象。”由此可知米歇尔是美国黑人妇女学习的榜样，广大美国黑人女性如果都能向她学习，
就一定会改变公众心中的形象。故选A选项。
全文精译
在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何
来改变整个美国。虽然存有一点点的私心，但公正地说，我更期待米歇尔·奥巴马，不止
期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，更期待她能为像我一样的非洲裔美国人有所贡献。作
为准第一夫人，她的身上聚集了整个世界的目光。这意味着人们即将首次有和她零距离接
触的机会，而她代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。
通常来讲，黑人女性的生活并不受人关注。时下流行的看法是大多数黑人女性都是暴
躁脾气的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往
是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。
这些形象决定了公众对黑人女性的评判，当然也包括米歇尔·奥巴马。在有机会作为
第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，她最为急切也最为复杂的任务便是
如何做好她自己。
这是条漫漫长路。主流的媒体们都未曾深入报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，所以我们是
什么样的人，我们的思想和我们通常面临的问题都鲜为人知。不管怎样，米歇尔即将代表
我们所有黑人女性。
正如有批评她的人一样，她也会拥有许多通常对第一夫人没有多大兴趣的粉丝。许多
非洲裔美国人的博客里都曾写到对米歇尔的期待，写到她带进白宫的将是对整个世界的宣
言，宣告黑人女性同样可以支持老公，同样可以肩负一个黑人家庭的重任。米歇尔正努力
作到让每个人都满意，这几乎是不可能的。但对于像我一样的非洲裔美国人来说，即便能
够学到她的一丝沉着，一丝自信和一丝聪慧，那都将会很大程度上改变长久以来黑人女性
给人的印象。
Passage Two
篇章结构
本文是一篇说明文，选自2008年9月的《新闻周刊》。全文共有六段。第一至二段以汉密
尔顿（原耶鲁大学教务长）将担任牛津大学副校长为例，说明高等教育已成为极具竞争力的
商业行为，并且日渐国际化。第三到五段话锋一转，介绍人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层
的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。末段是对本文的总结：教育全球化意味着更多的大学
将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，因为外国人能够给学校已有的体系注入新鲜的血液。
核心词汇
1. personnel n.（总称）全体人员，职员
【文中实例】 High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from
America. 高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。
【实例拓展】The personnel are unhappy to change these rules. 全体职工对改变这些规定
不满。
【举一反三】词义扩展personnel n. 全体人员，人事部门
2. budget n. 预算
【文中实例】… it wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the
university’s budget.……他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的
主要资金来源。
【实例拓展】We decorated the house on a tight budget. 我们节省地装修了房子。
【举一反三】词义扩展budget v.①把……编入预算 ②谨慎花钱；a. 价格低的
3. ultimately ad. 最终，最后
【文中实例】 … the board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado
businessman and political activist (活动家). ……校董事会最终聘用了布鲁斯·本森，69岁
的科罗拉多州商人、政治活动家。
【实例拓展】Ultimately, the war had to end, for it cost too much in both lives and dollars. 最
后因为人员伤亡过重、耗资过大，战争不得不终止。
【举一反三】同义词finally，eventually ad. 最终，最后
4. distinctively ad. 特殊地，有特色地
【文中实例】Fund-raising is a distinctively American thing, … 筹措资金为美国大学所特
有，……
【实例拓展】 Newly issued money has increased distinctively since the latter half of this
year. 进入下半年、货币投放加快。
【举一反三】派生词distinctive a. 特殊的，有特色的；distinction n. 特点，特色
5. donation n. 捐赠，赠送
【文中实例】… since U.S. schools rely heavily on donations. ……因为美国大学的运转主
要依赖捐款。
【实例拓展】They made a generous donation to charity. 他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
【举一反三】派生词donate v. 捐赠，赠给
6. promote v. 促进，推动，增进
【文中实例】… to promote international programs and attract a global student body. ……能
够创立国际合作项目，招收留学生。
【实例拓展】The organization works to promote the trade between nations. 该组织旨在促
进各国之间的贸易。
【举一反三】派生词promotion n. 促进，推动
7. perspective n. 观点，想法，态度
【文中实例】Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices. 外国人能够
给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。
【实例拓展】 We have to look at the problem in its proper perspective. 我们必须用正确的方
法来看待这一问题。
【举一反三】词义扩展 perspective ( of) n. 前景，展望，远景
难句解析
1. For example, when the board of the University of Colorado searched for a new president, it
wanted a leader familiar with the state government, a major source of the university ’ s
budget.
【解析】 when 引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的 familiar with the state
government是形容词短语作定语，修饰leader；而句末a major source of the university’s
budget 是同位语来说明the state government。
【译文】例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的
领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。
2. In 2003 ， when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale
provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had
overseen “ a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
【解析】句首的when 从句是非限制性定语从句，补充说明2003。句子的主句是the
university…stressed that… ，其中 that 引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为 she had
overseen a major strengthening。
【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森·理查德为副校长。学校公开
强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好” 。
3. The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with
international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global
student body.
【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是The globalization of education means…。但其后的宾语
从句的结构复杂，该从句的主干是more universities will be seeking heads，heads 之后的
with international experience of some kind 是介词短语做定语。句末的 to promote
international programs and attract a global student body是目的状语。
【译文】教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际
间项目的合作，招收留学生。
试题详解
62. What is the current trend in higher 62. 文章中讨论的目前高等教育的

education discussed in the passage? 趋势是什么？
A) Institutions worldwide are hiring A) 世界范围的高校正在从美国聘

administrators from the U.S. 请管理人员。
B) A lot of political activists are being B) 大量政治活动家被聘为管理人

recruited as administrators. 员。
C) American universities are enrolling C) 美国大学扩招留学生.
more international students.
D) University presidents are paying more D) 大学校长更加注重筹措资金。

attention to funding-raising
【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中the current trend in higher education，定位答案在第

二段最后两句。
【正确项分析】根据这两句话Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to
head in only one direction: outward from America. 如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行
为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：
美国。选项A意思与之相近，故选择A。
【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须
具备的能力”，D项表述与原文不符。B、C项文中均未提及。
63. What is the chief consideration of 62.在聘请高层管理人员时，美国

American universities when hiring top-level 大学主要考虑的问题是什么？
administrators?
A) The political correctness. A) 政治方向的准确性。
B) Their ability to raise funds. B) 筹措资金的能力。
C) Their fame in academic circles. C) 学术界的声誉。
D) Their administrative experience. D) 管理经验。
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中the chief consideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。

【正确项分析】在第三段The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old Colorado
businessman and political activist who is likely to excel at the main task of modern university
presidents: fund-raising。选项B中的raise funds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。
64. What do we learn about European 64. 从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪

universities from the passage? 些信息？
A) The tuitions they charge have been A) 学费迅速上涨。

rising considerably.
B) Their operation is under strict B) 学校运转受到政府的严格监督。

government supervision.
C) They are strengthening their position C) 他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。

by globalization.
D) Most of their revenues come from the D) 大部分资金来源于政府。

government.
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干European universities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二
句。
【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句Many European universities are still mostly dependent
on government funding. But government support has failed to keep pace with rising student
number。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规
模。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。
【干扰项分析】B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府
投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。
65. Cambridge University appointed Alison 65. 牛津大学为什么任命艾莉森·

Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly 理查德为副校长？
because _______?
A) She was known to be good at raising A) 她在筹措资金方面有名

money.
B) She could help strengthen its ties with B) 她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系

Yale.
C) She knew how to attract students C) 她知道如何吸引海外学生。

overseas
D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status. D) 她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位
【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor，答案可定位

在第五段第二句。
【正确项分析】根据the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “
a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”，学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了
“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力，故选A选项。
66. In what way do top-level administrators 66. 外国的高层领导从哪些方

from abroad contribute to university 面促进了学校的发展？
development?
A) They can enhance the university’s image. A) 他们可以提升学校的形象
B) They will bring with them more B) 他们可以带来更多的国际

international faculty. 化人才
C) They will view a lot of things from a new C) 他们将从新的角度审视问
perspective. 题。
D) They can set up new academic disciplines. D) 他们能创立新的学科
【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干 top-level administrators from abroad contribute to

university development答案定位在末段末句。
【正确项分析】该句Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices，告诉读者
外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与C选项的意思相近，故选Ｃ选项。
全文精译
2009年毕业的高中生进入牛津大学的同时，他们也会迎来一个新的面孔，安德鲁 ·汉
密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津，职位相当于美国大学的校长。
汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。法国、埃及、新家坡等一些国
家的学校近年来纷纷从国外聘请学校的高层管理人员。像其他商业活动一样，如今，高等教
育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层
的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。
其主要原因是许多学校并不真地想从国外引进人才。例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选
新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。 “我们
不会在全球范围内聘用校长”，帕特立夏·海说，该校最终聘用了布鲁斯·本森，69岁的科罗
拉多州商人、政治活动家。他能够胜任现代大学校长的职务：筹措资金。筹措资金为美国大
学所特有，因为美国大学的运转主要依赖捐款。筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也
是美国校长必须具备的能力。
与此同时，很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学
生规模。政府投入的减少，使得筹措资金成为学校管理部门的当务之急，于是对美国的人才
求贤若渴。
在过去几年里，世界各地的优秀学校都加入了这一行列。2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶
鲁大学教务长艾莉森·理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学
财政状况良好”。
当然，这些外国管理者不仅只是筹措资金。教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些
具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。外国人能够给学校业已成立
的体系带来新的活力。
Part V Cloze
篇章结构
本次完形填空选自2009年1月20日www.guardian.co.uk网站的一则报道，题目是Older
People’s Education ‘neglected’（‘被忽视的’老年教育），选入本文时略有删减。从题材
看，本次完形填空属于论说文体，主题为教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终
身学习的意义。全文共六段，第一段首先指出学习对于老年人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人
教育面临的种种问题和阻力，与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要性。文章最后
提出了一个发人深思的问题：应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发
挥建设性作用。
核心词汇
1. contribute v. 捐助，捐献，贡献
【搭】contribute for 为……捐助；contribute to 把……捐给【拓】contribution n. 贡献，
捐献；contributing a. 贡献的
2. focus n. 集中，聚集
【搭】focus one’s attention 集中注意力；focus on/upon 强调，使集中于焦点；focus
the camera on 把照相机的焦点对准……
3. concentrate v. ①专心于，注意 ②集中，聚集
【搭】concentrate efforts 集中力量；concentrate one’s mind 专心【拓】concentration
n. 集中，专心
难句解析
4. The current approach which focuses on younger people and on skills for employment is not
adequate to meet the challenges of demographic change.
【解析】该句的主语是The current approach，主语后跟了一个which引导的定语从句。
“is not adequate”是谓语，其后为动词不定式作目的状语。
【译文】现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。
5. The challenges include the fact that most people can expect to spend a third of their lives in
retirement, that there are now more people over 59 than under 16 and that 11.3 million people
are over state pension age.
【解析】该句看起来很长但结构并不复杂。是由一个主句The challenges include the fact
和三个that引导的同位语从句构成的。
【译文】这些挑战包括：多数人生命的三分之一将在退休后度过；五十九岁以上人口数
高于十六岁以下人口数；一千一百三十万人达到国家法定领取退休金年龄。
6. People need opportunities to make a “ midlife review ” to adjust to the later stages of
employed life, and to plan for the transition to retirement, which may now happen
unpredictably at any point from 50 to over 90.
【解析】本句主句成分为“People need opportunities”，其后是两个动词不定式作目的状
语。划线部分是retirement的定语从句。
【译文】人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色
转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。
试题详解
67. 【快速解题】本题考查动词词义辨析。
B【正确项分析】这四个动词都能够与介词on搭配，因此此处应在首段基础上着手分析该句
句意。首段提出老年人学习的重要性，而该句“年轻人和技能性训练”指出了该项方法的侧
重点。focus on“集中，针对”，因此确定答案为选项B。
【干扰项分析】根据句意可以比较容易地排除其他三个干扰项，depend on依靠，依赖；
count on依靠，指望；operate on对……实施手术。
68. 【快速解题】本题考查形容词词义辨析。
D【正确项分析】该空格所要填的词应该与前文内容相呼应，首段指出老年人需要学习，而
本句侧重的是年轻人的职业技能。这说明该教育方法面临挑战，由此可见它是不充分的，因
此确定答案为选项D。
【干扰项分析】superior高级的，出众的；essential基本的；regular有规则的，有秩序的。均
不符合该句上下文的关系，故排除。
【篇章分析】该句句意为“现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构
变化的挑战。”older people，younger people和demographic change之间的关系能够帮助考生迅
速确定答案。另外从后句的表达也可以帮助找出该题的正确答案。
69. 【快速解题】本题为副词词义辨析题。
A【正确项分析】only 1%指出当前对老年人投入的教育资金之有限，符合题意的选项应为
currently“通常，当前”。因此正确选项为选项A。
【干扰项分析】barely表示“仅仅，刚刚” ；heavily表示“沉重地”；anxiously表示“忧虑地，
不安地”，均可轻易排除。
70. 【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。
C【正确项分析】该空在本句中作主语成分，其后面的内容均涉及老龄人口和退休人员的现
状，结合前文的教育状况，可以判断challenge“挑战”最符合该句句意。因此选C选项。
【干扰项分析】regulation规则，规章；obstacle障碍；guideline方针；用在本句均显勉强。
【篇章分析】虽然本题属于词义辨析题，但根据前后文信息复现能够迅速确定答案。如果考
生细心的话，就会发现第二段曾经指出对“人口结构的挑战”，此处列举挑战的种种问题。
B【正确项分析】解答本题除了能够辨析四个名词词义外，还要从句意入手推敲最符合题意
的答案。该句说的是老龄人口的问题，同时指出他们退休后时间漫长，暗示对他们进行教育
投入的必要性。所以正确答案为选项B。
【干扰项分析】enjoyment享受，享乐；stability稳定性；inability无能，无力；均不符合题意，
故排除。
【篇章分析】本题并非单纯的词义辨析，应该在篇章的基础上把握上下文暗示的信息。
72. 【快速解题】本题是介词词义辨析题。
A【正确项分析】从state pension age“领退休金的年龄”，和前文指出的老龄人口之众，可
以判断over state pension age “达到国家法定领取退休金年龄”。故正确选项为选项A。
【能力拓展】age不仅仅指年龄，还有很多其他搭配，表示“时期“，如the Stone Age石器时
代；the computer age电脑时代。
B【正确项分析】前文一直在说老年人教育问题，同时强调对这些人进行教育投入的必要性。
该句作为第四段的主题句，承接上文指出“学习应贯穿人的一生“。所以正确选项为B。
【干扰项分析】practice练习，训练；instruct教导，命令；identify识别，鉴别。均可根据上
下文排除。
74. 【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。
D 【正确项分析】该句主语为 concentration “ 集中，专注 ”，其后常跟介词 on ，构成
concentration on“集中于……”。因此答案为选项D。
【能力拓展】英语中蕴含着丰富的词语搭配，考生在备考过程中有意识地对这些固定搭配进
行识记，考试时便可从容应对。例如：live on/by靠……生活，以……为食； lie in在于；
appeal to呼吁，要求；aim at瞄准，针对。
C【正确项分析】该句要求考生选择动词meet的固定搭配，从其句意可以判断出是“满足要
求”之意，meet the needs/requirements是常用的表达。因此正确选项为选项C。
【干扰项分析】realm领域；intention意图，目的；desire期望，欲望。均可排除。
【能力拓展】英语中有些动词常跟固定搭配的名词构成词组，如pay attention to注意；bring
access to接近；lay emphasis on强调。考生应在备考中注意积累。
76. 【快速解题】本题为词汇辨析题。
D【正确项分析】该句句意为“大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。”
portion意为“一部分” ，故正确选项为选项D。
【干扰项分析】measure度量标准；ratio比率；area区域；均不符合题意。
77. 【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。
A【正确项分析】该句为主从复合句，主句“处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会”
，从句作为一个时间状语指出当前的背景：人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方
式也不断更新。因此应该选择选项A。
【干扰项分析】whether引导让步状语从句，可迅速排除；until和before虽引导时间状语从句，
但其表达的时间概念不符合本句句意。
【篇章分析】该题所要填的是一个表示时间关系的连词，所以要从句意上着手分析。
78. 【快速解题】本题考查词义辨析。
C 【正确项分析】通过对本句句式结构的分析可以看出，该空缺处应添一个与 jobs ，
partners和lifestyles相并列的词汇，所以正确选项为选项C。
【干扰项分析】mind思想；mood心情；neighbour邻居。比较起来，home更加贴近文中的事
实，“人们工作和居住地不断变化” 。
B【正确项分析】四个选项都有“之前”的意思，所以很难通过词义辨析选出正确答案。但
与比较词than搭配时，应固定地使用ever，表示“比以前任何时候都……”，因此正确选项为
选项B。
【干扰项分析】formerly“从前，以前”，一般常用former，较少使用formerly；previously
“先前，以前”；ago常与某一过去时间段搭配。
80. 【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。
A【正确项分析】本句是在前文基础上的一个例证，是为了更好地支撑前面的观点的。所以
正确选项为A。
【干扰项分析】by contrast与……相对比；on average一般地；in particular尤其，特别。均与
上下文逻辑关系不符，故排除。
81. 【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。
C【正确项分析】本题不属于固定搭配的考查，因为四个选项都能与to构成搭配。此处说持
续学习的重要性，中年阶段的学习会让人们更好地适应以后的生活。adjust“调整，调节，
使适应”，因此正确选项为选项C。
【干扰项分析】transform 转换；suit 适应；yield 屈服。均不符合题意。
D【正确项分析】该题非常简单，属于对常见短语搭配的考查。与transition搭配的介词为to，
表示“向……过渡“。所以正确选项为选项D。
B【正确项分析】at any point表明上述事情发生的不确定性，unpredictably“不可预知地” 。
因此正确选项为选项B。
【干扰项分析】indirectly间接地；unfairly不公平地；instantly立即地。可排除。
C【正确项分析】本句句意“有足够支配的钱支撑……。”available“可用的”，因此正确选
项为选项C。
【干扰项分析】feasible可行的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的；considerable值得考虑的，相当
可观的。故排除。
A【正确项分析】此处表达的意思为“塑造个性感觉”。sense“感觉，感知” ，因此确定正确
选项为选项A。
【干扰项分析】project计划，工程；definition定义；conscience良心，道德心。
【篇章分析】本题干扰项具有很大的迷惑性，很容易导致误选。这就要求考生平时对相关的
近义词进行辨析，分清他们的侧重点，同时还要从语篇的角度分析空缺处的意义。
D【正确项分析】此处为“发挥建设性作用” 。因此正确选项为选项D。
【干扰项分析】ideal理想；asset 资产，有用的东西；rank等级。故可排除。
全文精译
今天发表的一项新的人口研究报告表明：老年人要想不成为社会的负担，继续发挥余热，
就必须有更多学习机会。
该报告声称：现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑
战。占人口总数三分之一的老年人只占有百分之一的教育预算。
这些挑战包括：多数人三分之一的生命将在退休后度过；五十九岁以上人数高于十六岁
以下人数；一千一百三十万人达到了国家法定领取退休金年龄。
报告的作者史蒂芬·迈克威尔教授说：
“学习应该贯穿人生的整个过程，我们以前的政策
重心和资源配置更多偏重于年轻人，难以适应新的需求。
绝大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。当今社会，由于人们工作和居住
地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新，处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机
会。”例如，该报告指出有些人到了五十多岁又重新开始创业。
人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这
种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性
和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。
命题风向标
2009年12月19日的大学英语四级考试已经尘埃落定，纵观本次考试的完形填空题型，
难度与往年相比差别不大。
与往年有所不同的是本次考试完形填空首段没有空格，这无疑增加了信息的传达，一定
程度上减少了解题的难度。尽管首段没有空格，但考生对于首段应该给予足够的重视，因为
往往它就是文章的中心，它体现的观点决定了全文的观点，所以多花一点时间看首段是值得
的。
词汇辨析仍然是考察的重点，如68，69，75，76，81，83，84，85，86。主要以近义词、
形近异义词辨析为主。其中不乏难度词汇：adequate，superior，regulations，stability，ratio，
realms，assets等。有关考察逻辑关系的题目出现频率较高，如72，78，80，81，83，85，
86，但难度都不是很大，根据上下文语意均可轻松化解。
另外，考生在选择时还要根据上下文的复现或同现以及这些词之间的有机联系来确定答
案。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语
的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很
可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词：原词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。如70
challenges，71题retirement，73题learning等，都是在全文中复现较高的字眼。因此，在做完
形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。
　
Part Ⅵ Translation
87. had followed my instructions/orders
【结构分析】本句的主语是You。谓语动词是would not have failed。if you had followed my
instructions是if引导的条件状语从句。
【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。①if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如
果主句中出现would +have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。②“按照……的
指令”可表达为follow my instructions/orders。③ 根据主句的would not have failed 结构就可
以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had+done 结构，所以答案为you had followed
my instructions/orders。
【原句精译】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。
88. gave up pursuing knowledge
【结构分析】本句的主语是Mark。谓语是gave up pursuing knowledge。despite the hardship
he encountered是despite引导的状语从句。
【要点解析】本题考查动词 give的搭配。①“放弃”可译为give up。 ②encounter the
hardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。③
“对知识的追求”可译为pursuing knowledge.
【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。
【能力拓展】动词give的常见搭配。①give up放弃，交出例：When you graduate, will you
give up your study? 你毕业后会不会放弃学习? ②give oneself up to献身于，沉溺于，热衷于
例：The boy gives himself up to electronic games. 这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。
③give away泄露，出卖例：He gave my secret away. 他泄露了我的秘密。④give in屈服，
让步例：You must give in your examination papers now. 你们现在必须把试卷交上来。

89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
【结构分析】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，that it will be a long time是that引导的宾
语从句，before we find the methods of curing cancers是before引导的时间状语从句。
【要点解析】“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。cure有疗法的
意思，所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cure for cancer。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填
写的部分用一般现在时
【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。
【能力拓展】before引导的状语从句。①句型A：it+be+一段时间+before…：意思是“要过很
久才会……”。例：The field research will take John and Mike about five months; it will be a
long time before we meet them again. 实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间；他们过很久才
会再见面。②句型B：it was some time before…：意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”。例：
He was told that it would be at least three more months before he could recover and return to
work. 他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。
90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly
growing needs of consumers
【结构分析】本句的主语是Production，谓语是has to be increased，后面的to keep pace with
the constantly increasing demands of consumers是目的状语。
②“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻译为demands或
needs。④“消费者”翻译为consumer。
【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。
【能力拓展】①keep pace with和……并驾齐驱，跟上例：We must work hard to keep pace
with the development of modern technology. 我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。②
keep up with赶得上，和……保持联系例：Students must work hard to keep up with their
school work. 学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。
91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold
【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是You。谓语是will
have。【要点解析】本题主要考查 the more，the less的用法。其用法与the more，the
more一致，可翻译为“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为be likely
to do sth；②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catch a cold。
【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。
【能力拓展】“越……越……”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句
子。若the more修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于the more后，如试题中句子：The more
exercise you take, the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold。
答案速览
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C
8. qualified 9. recognizes 10. excellence

Part Ⅲ Listening Comprehension
11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. C 20.B
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. B 30.D
31. A 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. classified 37. background 38. album
39. appreciation 40. context 41. implies 42. image 43. instruments
44. Descriptive writing in humanity, particularly in literature is often mixed with critical writing.
45. It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to show a
film.
46. Authors may actually use more than one type of techniques in the given piece of informational
writing.
47. K 48. J 49. L 50. C 51. B 52. H 53. N 54. G 55. A 56. E
57. C 58. B 59. D 60. B 61. A 62. A 63. B 64. D 65. A 66. C
Part Ⅴ Cloze
67. B 68. D 69. A 70. C 71. B 72. A 73. B 74.D 75. C 76. D
77. A 78. C 79. B 80. A 81. C 82. D 83. B 84. C 85. A 86. D
Part Ⅵ Translation
87. had followed my instructions/orders 88. gave up pursuing knowledge
89. before we find the methods of curing cancers/ before we find the cure for cancer
90. keep pace with the constantly increasing demands of consumers或keep up with the constantly
growing needs of consumers
91. the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold

英语四级历年真题详解

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大学英语四级考试2006年 6 月真题

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning ） (15

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) （25 minutes）

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Part Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)

Part Ⅵ Translation （5 minutes）

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Part III Listening Comprehension

B) It’s understandable that girls don’ B) 女孩子们相处不好是可以理

D) The girls lacked the courage to D) 女孩们缺乏勇气去打架。

D) The woman works as a housekeeper. D) 女士是一名清洁工。

【解题核心】本题关键是对否定疑问句“don’t have a housekeeper”的回答“No, we don’

D) It’s too expensive for the Edwards to live D) 对于爱德华一家来说，

D) In an ice cream shop. D) 冰激凌店。

D) The man doesn’t think it safe to send D) 男士认为让一个八岁小女

D) The woman is interested in market D) 女士对市场调查感兴趣。

D) The woman is going to take a train D) 女士将乘火车去旅游。

【解题核心】选项中noise, look for an apartment和appointment表明对话很可能与找公寓或看

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

D) To exchange stock market information D) 与女士交换股市信息。

D) He is a public relations officer in a D) 他是一小公司公共关系部

D) The woman seems to be satisfied with D) 女士似乎对桑德斯先生的

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

22. A) She’s worried about the seminar. A) 她在为研讨会担心。

D) She lacks interest in it. D) 她对书不感兴趣。

D) She enjoys literature more. D) 她更喜欢文学。

D) Karen’s herself. D) 卡伦自己。

D) Leaving the university. D) 退学。

D) Buy a piece of land for a grave. D) 买块墓地。

D) To move them to a multi-storey D) 将其移到多层墓地。

D) They should be buried when partially D) 部分腐烂时埋葬。

D) Digging up dead bodies after three D) 三年后将尸体挖出。

D) Americans prefer foreign foods to their D) 比起本国食物，美国人更

D) They can meet with businessmen from D) 他们可以遇到来自世界各

D) A hired cook prepares the dishes and D) 雇佣厨师烹饪，所有家庭

【解题核心】选项中waitress, serve, guests以及husband, mother, children等表明本题很可能与

D) He taught them to play an exciting new D) 他教他们玩一个刺激的新

D) The players soon found the game D) 球员们很快对游戏失去兴

D) By altering the size of the basket. D) 改变篮子的大小。

C) people ’ s preferences in C)人们在选择通讯技术方面的偏

D) people’s honesty levels across a D)使用不同通讯媒介时人们的诚

C) people are most likely to lie in C)人们最有可能在电子邮件中说

D) people are twice as likely to lie in D)电话交谈时说谎的几率是两倍

【快速解题】事实细节类题。根据题干中的关键词Hancock’s research finding surprised，

59. According to the passage, why 59. 根据短文，为什么通过某种媒

C) They tend to be relaxed when C) 运用那些媒介时人们往往很

D) They are most practised at those D) 在使用那些媒介时，人们更老

【快速解题】推理判断题。根据题干中more likely to tell the truth，答案可定位在第四段。

C) salesmen can impress customers C) 销售人员可以给顾客留下值

【快速解题】推理判断题。根据medium for promoting sales答案可定位在第六段第二句。

C) suitable media should be chosen C) 为了不同的交际目的，可以选

D) email is now the dominant D) 现在，电子邮件是公司内主要

C) sharing common interests C) 分享共同的兴趣

D) founded on shared ideals D) 在共同理想基础上建立起来

【快速解题】细节题。根据the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel答案可定位在第三段。

C) terrorists might take advantage of C) 恐怖分子可能会利用他们不

正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写

试；qualifying competition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualify as 取得……资格，