The 1 On Mineral and Coal Technology: Guidebook

Guidebook
st
THE 1
INTERNATIONAL
SEMINAR
ON MINERAL AND COAL
TECHNOLOGY
23rd – 24th JUNE 2021
“Sustainable Development
on Mining, Processing and
Environment”
THE 1st INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON MINERAL
AND COAL TECHNOLOGY
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
Steering Committee
Head of Agency of R&D for Energy and Mineral Resources
Director General of Mineral and Coal
Special Staff for Mineral and Coal Governance Acceleration, MEMR
Head of R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Director of Mineral and Coal Program Development,
Directorate General of Mineral and Coal
Director of Mineral and Coal Engineering and Environment,
Directorate General of Mineral and Coal
Head of Sub-Directorate of Investment and Cooperation Development for
Mineral and Coal, Directorate General of Mineral and Coal
Chairman of Associations of Indonesian Mining Professionals, PERHAPI
Chairman of Indonesian Association of Geologists, IAGI
Chairman of Indonesian Metallurgical Professionals Association, APMI
Chairman of Majalah Tambang
Association of Indonesian Processing and Refining Industry Companies, AP3I
Chairman of Indonesian Mining Association, IMA
Chairman of Indonesian Coal Mining Association, APBI
Indonesian Mining Services Association, ASPINDO
Scientific Committee
Prof. Dr. Ir. Datin Fatia Umar, M.T., Coal Processing and Utilization, R&D
Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Prof. Dr. Siti Rochani, M.Sc., Mineral Processing and Utilization, R&D Centre
for Mineral and Coal Technology
Ir. Tatang Wahyudi, M.Sc., Geology, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Dra. Retno Damayanti, Dipl. EST., Environmental Chemistry, R&D Centre
Dra. Sri Handayani, M.Sc., Environmental Biotechnology, R&D Centre
Dr. Ir. Miftahul Huda, Underground Coal Gasification, R&D Centre
Ir. Suganal, Coal Processing and Utilization, R&D Centre for Mineral
and Coal Technology
Agency of RDEMR | i
Dr. Ir. Zulfahmi, M.T., Mining, R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Ir. Nendaryono Madiutomo, M.T., Mining, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Nia Rosnia Hadijah, S.Si., M.Si., Environmental Chemistry, R&D Centre
M. Ade Andriansyah Effendi, S.T., M.T., Mechanical Engineering: Coal
utilization and beneficiation, R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Dr. Asep Bahtiar Purnama, S.T., M.T., Resources Geology, R&D Centre for
Mineral and Coal Technology
Dr. Agus Wahyudi, S.Si., M.T., Metallurgy, Material Science, R&D Centre for
Andina Septiarani, S.Si., M.I.L., Chemistry, Environmental Science,
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Bagaraja Sirait, S.T. M.T., Geotechnic/Geomechanics, R&D Centre for Mineral
and Coal Technology
Cipta Irawan, S.T., M.ESP., Energy Conversion, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Desi Cahyaningtyas, M.T., Statistics, Industrial Engineering: Strategy and
Performance Management, R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya, S.T., M.A.B., Industrial Engineering, Mineral and Coal
Economics, R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Hasudungan Eric Mamby, M.T., Metallurgy, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Isyatun Rodliyah, S.Si., M.T., Chemistry, Metallurgy, R&D Centre for
Nurhadi, S.T., M.T., Chemical Engineering: Coal Utilization and Beneficiation,
Hairunnisa, M.Si., Chemistry, R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology
Ir. Hartono, Geology, Regional Economics, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Ir. Eko Pujianto, M.E., Geotechnology, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Drs. Ridwan Saleh, Social Economics, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Dipl. Ing. Phiciato, Material Engineering: Coal Utilization and Beneficiation,
Sri Sugiarti, S.H., M.H., Mineral and Coal Policy, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Titin Siti Fatimah, S.Si., M.Si., Chemistry, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
ii | ISMCT 2021
Wahyu Agus Setiawan, S.T., M.I.L., Environment Chemistry, R&D Centre for
Willy Hermawan, S.T., M.T., Geophysics, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Sapta Rianda, S.T., Process Engineering, R&D Centre for Mineral and
Coal Technology
Dr. mont. Drs., Anda Lucia, M.T., Energy Conversion, LEMIGAS
Prof. Dr. Ir. Hananto Kurnio, M.Sc., Marine Geology, Center for Research and
Development of Marine Geology
Dr. Wanda Adinugraha, S.T., M.T., Geology, Mining, Center for Human
Resources Development of Geology, Mineral and Coal
Dr. Robi Kurniawan, Energy Systems and Economics, Directorate General of
New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
Dr. Slamet Kasbi, Power and Control Systems, Center for Research and
Development of Electricity, New, Renewable Energy and Energy
Conservation Technology
Dr. rer. nat. Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Material Science, LIPI
Prof. Dr. Ing. Andika Widya Pramono M.Sc., Metallurgy, LIPI
Fajar Nurjaman, S.T., M.T., Metallurgy, LIPI
Dr. Ika Kartika, S.T., M.T., Metallurgy, LIPI
Dr. M. Ikhlasul Amal, M.Si., S.Si., Material Chemistry, LIPI
Dr. Nono Darsono M.Sc.Eng., Material Carbon, LIPI
Prof. Dr. Tri Nuke Pudjiastuti, M.A., Socio-Economics, LIPI
Dr. Wahyu Bambang Widayatno, Material Physics, LIPI
Ir. Bambang Pardiarto, Geology, Mineral, Center for Coal and Geothermal
Resources
Moehamad Awaludin, S.T., M.T., Geology, Center for Mineral, Coal and
Geothermal Resources
Ir. Teuku Islah, Geology, Center for Mineral, Coal and Geothermal Resources
Ir. Deni Setiady, M.T., Geology, Marine Geology Research and Development
Center
Dr. Eneng Maryani, S.T., M.T., Ceramic Science, Center for Ceramics
Cristian Bolda, BCSEng (Mech), PMI, MEIAust, Underground Coal
Gasification, Leigh Creek Energy, Australia
Douglas J. Shaigec, P.Eng., Underground Coal Gasification,
Swan Hills, Canada
Dr. Jiho Yoo, Chemical Engineering: Coal Utilization and Beneficiation,
KIER Korea
Dr. Jacob Yan Mulyada, Material Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aziz, Energy Systems and Economics,
Tokyo University
Agency of RDEMR | iii

Dr. Winarto Kurniawan, Chemical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Prof. Dr. Mohammad Zaki Mubarok S.T., M.T., Hydrometallurgy, ITB
Dr. Aep Patah, S.Si., M.Si., Chemistry, ITB
Dr.phil.nat. Agus Haris Widayat, S.T., M.T., Petrology and Geochemistry, ITB
Dr. Arie Wibowo, S.Si., M.Si., Material Engineering, ITB
Dr. Eng. Bonita Dilasari, S.T., M.T., Extractive Metallurgy, ITB
Prof. Dr. Ir. Budi Sulistianto, M.T., Mining Engineering, Geomechanics, ITB
Irwan Iskandar, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., Hydrogeology, Hydro Geochemistry, ITB
Dr. Ir. Ismi Handayani, M.T., Extractive Metallurgy, ITB
Prof. Dr. Ir. Rudy Sayoga Gautama, Mine Hydrology and Mine Environment, ITB
Dr. Rusnadi, Analytical Chemistry, ITB
Taufiq Hidayat, S.T., M.Phil., Ph.D., Pyrometallurgy and Simulation, ITB
Dr.Ing, Zulfiadi Zulhan, S.T., M.T., Pyrometallurgy, ITB
Prof. Dr. Ir. Ildrem Syafri, DEA., Geology, UNPAD
Asri Peni Wulandari, M.Sc., Ph.D., Biotechnology, UNPAD
Dr. Ir. Betty Natalie Fitriatin, M.P., Soil Biology and Soil Fertilizer, UNPAD
Dr. Imas Soemaryani, S.E., M.P., Human Resources and Business Management,
UNPAD
Dr. Ir. Reginawanti Hindersah, M.P., Soil Microbiology and Soil Fertilizer,
UNPAD
Prof. Dr.Ing. Bambang Suharno, Metal Casting, UI
Prof. Dr. Ir. Bondan Tiara Sofyan, M.Si., Metallurgy and Material, UI
Prof. Dr. Ir. Johny Wahyuadi M. Soedarsono, DEA, Mineral Processing,
Extractive Metallurgy, UI
Nofrijon Sofyan, Ph.D., Material Engineering, UI
Dr.Eng. Ir. Sri Harjanto, Chemical Metallurgy, UI
Dr. Yuni Krisyuningsih Krisnandi, Chemistry, UI
Dr. Deni Ferdian, S.T., M.Sc., Physical Metallurgy, UI
Nuzul Achjar, M.Sc., Ph.D., Socio-Economics, UI
Reza Miftahul Ulum, S.T., M.T., Metallurgy, UI
Prof. Dr. Ir. Pramustanto, Pyrometallurgy, UNISBA
Andrieanto Nurrochman, S.T., M.Sc. Eng., Metallurgy, UNISBA
Dr. Ir. Dudi Nasrudin Usman, S.T., M.T., Exploration Geology, UNISBA
Ir. Linda Pulungan, M.T., Coal Technology, UNISBA
Sri Widayati, S.T., M.T., Mineral Economics, UNISBA
Dr. Anceu Murniati, S.Si., M.Si., Analytical Chemistry, UNJANI
Dr. Arie Hardian, S.Si., M.Si., Material Chemistry, UNJANI
Dr. Drs. Senadi Budiman, M.Si., Metal Extraction and Separation, UNJANI
Dr. Dra. Trisna Yuliana, M.Si., Analytical Chemistry, UNJANI
Dr. Dra. Valentina Adimurti K., M.Si., Environment Chemistry, UNJANI
Dr. Eng. Bambang Ari Wahjoedi, M.Sc.Tech., Material Chemistry, ITERA
iv | ISMCT 2021
Dr. Baiq Dewi Krisnayanti, Environment Chemistry, UNDP Indonesia
Dr. Ir. Binarko Santoso, Coal Geology, POLGETA “AGP”
Dra. Siti Rafiah, M.Sc., Biology and mine environment, POLGETA “AGP”
Ir. Kusnoto Kusumodirdjo, M.Sc., Mine Environment, POLGETA “AGP”
Dr. Eng. Mokhamad Candra Nugraha Deni, Mining Environment and
Rehabilitation, ITENAS
Dr. Ir. Masagus Ahmad Azizi, M.T., Mining Engineering, Geomechanics,
Trisakti University
Dr. Pantjanita Novi Hartami, S.T., M.T., Mining Engineering, Geotechnic,
Trisakti University
Dr. Edy Nursanto, S.T., M.T., Coal Technology, UPN “Veteran”
Dr. Widyawanto Prastistho, ST., M.Eng., Environment Chemistry, UPN
“Veteran”
Dr. mont. Imelda Hutabarat, S.T., M.T., Extractive Metallurgy, PEP
Organizing Committee
Dr. Agus Wahyudi, S.Si., M.T., Chairman
Willy Hermawan, S.T., M.T., Vice Chairman
Weningsulistri, S.Si., M.Si., Secretary
Hasniati Astika, S.T., Secretary
Wulandari Surono, S.Si., Treasury
Silti Salinita, S.T., Treasury
Nia Rosnia, S.Si., M.Si., Committee
Purwo Subagio, S.E., Committee
Marsen Alimano, S.T., M.T., Committee
Ir. Budhy Agung, M.T., Committee
Muhammad Ade Andriansyah Efendi, M.Eng., Committee
Dipl. Ing. Pichiato, Committee
Deni Nurul Kamal, A.Md., Committee
Bachtiar Effendi, A.Md., Committee
Zetana Gunani Nazarulloh, S.Ds., Committee
Ginanjar Aji Sudarsono, S.Kom., Committee
Andrie Mulyana, A.Md., Committee
Hanny Fariany Fauziah, S.S., Committee
Hasudungan Eric Mamby, M.T., Committee
Titin Siti Fatimah, S.Si., Committee
Andina Septiarani, S.Si., M.I.L., Committee
Resvani, Committee, PERHAPI
Dwandari Laranarko, Committee, IAGI
Richard Tampi, Committee, APBI
Agency of RDEMR | v
vi | ISMCT 2021
THE 1st INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON MINERAL
AND COAL TECHNOLOGY
“Sustainable Development on Mining, Processing
and Environment”
Background
The International Seminar on Mineral and Coal Technology (ISMCT) will be

held for the first time in June 2021, in Bandung, a historical and academic
center of Indonesia. It is organized by Center for Research and Development
of Mineral and Coal Technology or known as Puslitbang tekMIRA, Research
and Development Agency of Energy and Mineral Resources, and Directorate
General of Mineral and Coal. The seminar will cover many topics, including
current issues in the mining world, such as unconventional mining for
underground coal gasification (UCG), post-mining management, down
streaming the mineral and coal technology, benefiting the mineral and coal
processing wastes toward a zero-waste condition as well as mineral and coal
policies.
The ISMCT will unite practitioners, researchers, academics, regulators and

civil society to discuss about sustainable development in mineral and coal
mining and industry, also latest technology innovation in mining and mineral
processing contribution towards environmental sustainability. The seminar
provides an interesting opportunity to meet and collaborate in the field of
geoscience, mining, metallurgy and environment.
The seminar also allows delegates to discuss issues addressed by recognized

global experts who were concern of the latest developments in those fields. It
will feature world-renowned keynote speakers from practitioners, researchers
and regulators. The ISMCT will also provide an exceptional value for each
individual participant through its fascinating plenary speeches.
Aims
Discussing the progress of a new working paradigm for responsible

development towards continuity maintenance for the supply and demand of
mineral and coal by keep guarding the environment as well as sharing the
experience and knowledge to overcome fundamental challenges of
establishing and maintaining a sustainable circular economy. It is expected
Agency of RDEMR | vii

that the seminar will unite the Geoscience, Mining and Material Processing
disciplines to collaborate in line with the emerging paradigms of
environmental responsibility and sustainable development.
The specific goals of the seminar include:

• sharing the experience and knowledge with the science community
without repetiti the knowledge and understanding in a certain field;
• finding progress and discussion on new innovation on recent development
in mineral, coal, mining and environment technology; and
• promoting interaction and research collaboration among scientists,
researchers and industries in mineral and coal technology topics.
Scope
Mineral and Coal Processing focuses on all aspects related to the physical
and chemical processing of both primary and secondary raw materials,
including process technology, raw materials characterization, beneficiation,
utilization such as mineral and coal to energy and coal to chemical
substances, and general topics such as process economic, policy for
sustainability development.
Mineral and Coal Mining focuses on all aspects related to good mining
practice, reserve conservation, geophysics exploration, unconventional
mining, e.g., underground coal gasification (UCG), geotechnics,
hydrogeology and general topics such as mine economic and mine policy for
sustainability development.
Environmental Management focuses on all aspects related to environmental

management of mining activities, reclamation, waste management,
remediation, acid mine drainage, carbon capture from a coal-fired power
plant, clean technology, mineral and coal waste utilization, and general
topics, such as economic, and environmental policy for sustainability
development.
viii | ISMCT 2021

Agency of RDEMR | ix
Venue and Time
The seminar will be held virtually on
June 23rd – 24th, 2021
The seminar program consists of
the following activities:
Event Rundown
Day-1
8:45 Main Room Opened
9:00 - 9:05 Opening Day-1
9:05 - 9:10 Indonesian National Anthem
9:10 - 9:20 ISMCT Report
Head of Agency RDEMR
9:20 - 9:35 Opening Speech
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
9:35 - 9:50 Presentation from the Gold Sponsorship
PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara
9:50 - 9:55 Keynote Session
Moderator: Prof. Dr. Ir. Binarko Santoso
9:55 - 10:15 Keynote Speaker 1:
Dr. Ir. Ridwan Djamaluddin, M.Sc.
Director General Mineral and Coal - Indonesia
Sustainable Development Goals in Mining
Prof. Dr. Aleksandar Nikoloski
Murdoch University - Australia
Electrochemical Science and Engineering for
Leaching and Reduction
11:00 - 11:30 Discussion
PT Timah Tbk
11:45 - 12:30 Break
12:30 - 15:45 Invited Speaker & Paralel Sessions
x | ISMCT 2021
Parallel Sessions Day-1
Room A
(Mineral)
Moderator:
Prof. Dr. Siti Rochani, M.Sc. (tekMIRA)
12:30 - 13:00 Invited Speaker:
Rachmat Makkasau, S.E., M.M.
PT Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara
Amman Mineral Smelter Development Progress and
its Obstacles
13:00 - 13:15 A.01-Dessy Amalia
13:15 - 13:30 A.23-Citra Nirmalasari
13:30 - 13:45 A.03-Danni Harbowo
13:45 - 14:00 A.02-Eneng Maryani
14:00 - 14:15 A.10-Isyatun Rodliyah
Moderator:
Dr. Arie Hardian, S.Si., M.Si. (UNJANI)
14:15 - 14:30 A.29-Djoko Hadi Prajitno
14:30 - 14:45 A.04-La Ode Arham
14:45 - 15:00 A.26-Syulastri Effendi
15:00 - 15:15 A.16-Alif Ulfatun Nur Izzati
15:15 - 15:30 A.05-Iwan Setiawan
15:30 - 15:45
Note : - Invited speaker: 20 min presentation, 10 min Q&A
- Presenter: 10 min presentation, 5 min Q&A
Agency of RDEMR | xi
Room B
(Coal)
Moderator:
Slamet Handoko, S.T., M.T. (tekMIRA)
Mohamad Zaid Mohamad Ali, B.Sc., M.Eng.
TNB Malaysia
Sharing of Best Practices in Clean Coal Use and
Technology Innovation
13:00 - 13:15 B.01-Hariana
13:15 - 13:30 B.11-Triswan Suseno
13:30 - 13:45 B.03-Yusup Setiawan
13:45 - 14:00 B.12-Datin Fatia Umar
14:00 - 14:15 B.05-Mochamad Iqbal
Moderator:
Dr. Eng. Bambang Ariwahjoedi, M.Sc. Tech.
(ITERA)
14:15 - 14:30 B.06-Anggoro Mursito
14:30 - 14:45 B.16-Slamet Handoko
14:45 - 15:00 B.08-Dheka Bakti Krisnamurti Winarno
15:00 - 15:15 B.14-Phiciato
15:15 - 15:30 B.07-Mujammil Rahmanta
15:30 - 15:45

xii | ISMCT 2021

Room C
(Mining)
Moderator:
Dr. Ir. Rini Setiati, M.T., IPM. (TRISAKTI)
Dr. Alwin Albar
PT Timah Tbk
Zero Waste Concept in Primary Tin Ore
Processing
13:00 - 13:15 C.01-Danni Harbowo
13:15 - 13:30 C.02-Angga Widiatama
13:30 - 13:45 C.11-Zulfahmi
13:45 - 14:00 C.04-Alhada Farduwin
14:00 - 14:15 C.05-Wahyu Junian
Moderator:
Dr. Ir. Masagus Ahmad Azizi, M.T.
(TRISAKTI)
14:15 - 14:30 C.06-Muhammad Akbari Danasla
14:30 - 14:45 C.07-Yuniar Siska Novianti
14:45 - 15:00 C.08-Mesias Citra Dewi
15:00 - 15:15 C.09-Dhion Pradatama
15:15 - 15:30 C.14-Bagaraja Sirait
15:30 - 15:45
Agency of RDEMR | xiii

Room D
(Environment)
Moderator:
Retno Damayanti, Dra., Dipl. EST. (tekMIRA)
Baiq Dewi Krisnayanti, Ph.D.
GOLD-ISMIA Project, UNDP
Removal Harmful Mercury in Artisanal and Small-
Scale Gold Mining (ASGM)
13:00 - 13:15 D.01-Jarwinda
13:15 - 13:30 D.02-Hasniati Astika
13:30 - 13:45 D.13-Nuri Nurlitasari
13:45 - 14:00 D.10-Laras Prasakti
14:00 - 14:15 D.20-Anceu Murniati
Moderator:
Dr. Ir. Reginawanti Hindersah, M.P. (UNPAD)
14:15 - 14:30 D.06-Erly Istiqomah
14:30 - 14:45 D.07-Suliestyah
14:45 - 15:00 D.14-Diana Lupitasari
15:00 - 15:15 D.09-Dea Anisa Ayu Besari
15:15 - 15:30 D.04-Budhy Agung Supriyanto
15:30 - 15:45

xiv | ISMCT 2021

Room E
(Techno-Economy and Policy)
Moderator:
Ir. Hartono (tekMIRA)
Dr. Ir. Miftahul Huda
tekMIRA
Advantages of UCG Implementation in Indonesia
13:00 - 13:15 E.01-Sri Sugiarti
13:15 - 13:30 E.02-Cecep Mochamad Yasin
13:30 - 13:45 E.08-Ijang Suherman
13:45 - 14:00 E.04-Mustika
14:00 - 14:15 E.10-Gandhi Kurnia Hudaya
Moderator:
Dr. Ir. Usman Pasarai, M.Eng. (LEMIGAS)
14:15 - 14:30 E.06-Karina Putri
14:30 - 14:45 E.07-Desi Cahyaningtyas
14:45 - 15:00 E.03-Tezar Julian
15:00 - 15:15 E.05-Rizky Tetrisyanda
15:15 - 15:30 E.11-Ijang Suherman
15:30 - 15:45 E.12-Fajar Prabawa
Agency of RDEMR | xv
Day-2
8:45 Main Room Opened
9:00 - 9:05 Opening Day-2
9:05 - 9:10 Keynote Session
Moderator:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Datin Fatia Umar, M.T.
Dr. Kazuyuki Murakami
JCOAL - Japan
Biomass-coal Cofiring to Comply with Climate
Change Requirement
Cristian Bolda, BCSEng (Mech)
Leigh Creek Energy - Australia
Technology and Economic Aspect in Coal Seam
Directional Drilling for UCG
10:30 - 11:00 Discussion
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk
11:45 - 15:00 Invited Speaker & Parallel Sessions
15:00 - 15:15 Break
15:15 - 15:45 Closing Speech
15:45 16:00 Best Presenter Announcement
xvi | ISMCT 2021

Room A
(Mineral)
Moderator:
Ir. Tatang Wahyudi, M.Sc. (tekMIRA)
11:15 11:45 Invited Speaker
Febriany Eddy, S.E., M.B.A.
PT Vale Indonesia Tbk
Nickel Mining Industry Strategy in Supporting the
National Battery Industry
11:45 - 12:30 Break
12:30 - 12:45 A.11-Isyatun Rodliyah
13:00 - 13:15 A.24-Silviana Greshela
13:15 - 13:30 A.14-Intan Permatasari
13:30 - 13:45 A.15-Rosmalia Dita Nugraheni
Moderator:
Prof. Dr. Ir. Akhmad Herman Yuwono, M.Phil.Eng.
(UI)
13:45 - 14:00 A.13-Hasudungan Eric Mamby
14:00 - 14:15 A.25-Dani Gustaman Syarif
14:30 - 14:45 A.19-I Wayan Tangkas
14:45 - 15:00 A.09-Hasudungan Eric Mamby
15:00 - 15:15 Break
15:45 - 16:00 Best Presenter Announcement

Agency of RDEMR | xvii

Room B
(Coal)
Moderator:
Gandhi Kurnia, S.T., M.A.B. (tekMIRA)
11:15 11:45 Invited Speaker:
Ir. Wiluyo Kusdwiharto
PT PLN
Coal-Biomass Cofiring Liability Policy to Reduce
CO2 Emissions
11:45 - 12:30 Break
12:30 - 12:45 B.10-Rasgianti
12:45 - 13:00 B.02-Hariana
13:00 - 13:15 B.13-Suganal
13:15 - 13:30 B.04-Bilal Al Farishi
13:30 - 13:45 B.15-Asep Bahtiar Purnama
Moderator:
Dr. Siti Sumilah Rita Susilawati, S.T., M.Sc.
(CMCGR)
13:45 - 14:00 B.09-Eko Supriyanto
14:00 - 14:15 B.19-Datin Fatia Umar
14:15 - 14:30 B.18-Amelia Monita
14:30 - 14:45 B.17-Miftahul Huda
14:45 - 15:00
15:00 - 15:15 Break
xviii | ISMCT 2021

Room C
(Mining)
Moderator:
Hernandi Albeto Oktaviano, S.T., M.E.M.
(DGMC)
11:15 11:45 Invited Speaker:
Ir. Ignatius Wurwanto
PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk
Coal Down Streaming Through the UCG Initiative
11:45 - 12:30 Break
12:30 - 12:45 C.15-Bagaraja Sirait
12:45 - 13:00 C.03-Angga Widiatama
13:00 - 13:15 C.17-Daffa Kaiyandra
13:15 - 13:30 C.10-Panangian Manullang
13:30 - 13:45 C.13-Nendaryono Madiutomo
Moderator:
Dr. Tedi Yunanto, M.Si. (PEP Bandung)
13:45 - 14:00 C.16-Irfan Marwanza
14:00 - 14:15 C.12-Zulfahmi
14:15 - 14:30 C.18-Fernando Wongkar
14:30 - 14:45 C.20-Fadli
14:45 - 15:00 C.19-Vivi Wulandari
15:00 - 15:15 Break
Agency of RDEMR | xix

Room D
(Environment)
Moderator:
Dra. Sri Handayani, M.Sc. (tekMIRA)
Sunbaek Bang, Ph.D.
Mine Reclamation Corporation (MIRECO)
South Korea
Passive Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage: A
Case Study in East Kalimantan of Indonesia
11:45 - 12:30 Break
12:30 - 12:45 D.11-Laras Prasakti
12:45 - 13:00 D.12-Ahmad Fauzi
13:00 - 13:15 D.05-Agus Wahyudi
13:15 - 13:30 D.08-Suliestyah
13:30 - 13:45 D.15-Hani Ruhaniyah
Moderator:
Dr. Eng. Mokhamad Candra Nugraha Deni
(ITENAS)
13:45 - 14:00 D.16-Devikha
14:00 - 14:15 D.03-Tatang Wahyudi
14:15 - 14:30 D.18-Reginawanti Hindersah
14:30 - 14:45 D.19-Hasna Nur Azizah
14:45 - 15:00 D.17-Nendi Rohaendi
15:00 - 15:15 Break

xx | ISMCT 2021
Room E
(Mineral 2)
Moderator:
Ir. Sariman (tekMIRA)
Shukhrat Bobomurodov, Ph.D.
Research Institute of Soil Science and
Agrochemistry (RISSA) Uzbekistan
The Importance of Using of Agro-Mineral/Ores
Agriculture and in Increasing Soil Fertility
11:45 - 12:30
12:30 - 12:45 A.21-Wuwuh Prihandini
12:45 - 13:00 A.06-Imelda Hutabarat
13:00 - 13:15 A.07-Sultan Muharam
13:15 - 13:30 A.12-Didit Adi Darmawan
13:30 - 13:45 A.20-Muhammad Erwin Cahyo Nugroho
Moderator:
Dr. mont. Imelda Hutabarat, S.T., M.T.
(PEP Bandung)
13:45 - 14:00 A.08-Nabila Putri Wisnu Pratami
14:00 - 14:15 A.17-Vincent Sujoto
14:15 - 14:30 A.18-Daning Kinanti Sutama
14:30 - 14:45 A.22-Ebeng Sugondo
14:45 - 15:00 A.30-Djoko Hadi Prajitno
15:00 - 15:15 Break
Agency of RDEMR | xxi

xxii | ISMCT 2021
ROOM A: MINERAL
Agency of RDEMR | 1
2 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.01
Influence of alkaline pretreatment on the

acid dissolution of cathode metals of spent
18650 lithium battery
D Amalia1*, W Zhang2, A Nikoloski1 and P Singh1

1
Murdoch University, Australia
2
CSIRO, Australia
*
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract. Liberation of cathode metals from impurities is essential to obtain a good

leaching efficiency. The high amount of impurity elements (Al, Cu, Fe) will increase
acid consumption. Al separation is mainly conducted before acid leaching as it
adheres to cathode metals. The Al dissolution in NaOH is a selective method to
separate with other cathode metals, excluding Li in minor amount. The influence of
NaOH pre-treatment in acid leaching of cathode metals was conducted at room
temperature for 2 hours. The metal concentration in the acid leachate with NaOH
leaching was lower than direct acid leaching. The transformation of cathode metals to
hydroxides requires more H+ or an oxidant. The limited Al content is allowed to
supply donor electrons for metal oxidation.
Agency of RDEMR | 3
Paper ID: A.02
The initial study on the preparation of

Al2O3-Na2SO4 composites derived from local
kaolin through an alkaline destruction
method combined with sulphatization
E Maryani1,2*, N Sofiyaningsih1,2 and R Septawendar1,2*

1
Researchers at Center for Ceramics, Ministry of Industry of
Indonesia
2
All the authors are equally contribute as the main contributors.
*
Corresponding authors: [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract. Composites of Na2SO4 is promising for solid electrolyte application. In this

initial study, composites of Al2O3/Na2SO4 were successfully synthesized from local
kaolin through an alkaline destruction method combined with sulphatization. The
composites were characterized including thermal behaviour, mineral phases, chemical
composition, FT-IR spectra, and microstructures. The composites consist of α-Al2O3
and Na2SO4 phases after calcination at 1300 °C. This phenomenon is confirmed by
the XRF and FT-IR result. The composite consists of Al2O3 and Na2SO4 as major
components, accounting 41.98% and 47.09% of the total, respectively. Meanwhile,
SiO2 is found as the impurity, accounting 2.86% of the total. The vibration modes of
Al-O bonds are detected at 995.27 and 524.46 cm-1; whereas, the SO4 bands appear
at 1111.00 and 617.22 cm-1. Na2SO4 exhibits a rod-like particle that cover the alumina
surface in the morphology.
4 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.03
Astomulyo meteorite: Investigation of its

chemical properties
D G Harbowo1,6,8,*, R Muztaba2,6,7, H L Malasan2,5,7,

S Sumardi4, L K Agustina3,6, T Julian1, J H Sitorus3,
A D Denhi1, D Sihombing1, M P Mahayu2, O Sahroni2,
A H Faza2 and A Faudia2
1
Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung,
Indonesia
2 Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Institut Teknologi
Sumatera, Indonesia
3 Department of Geomatics Engineering , Institut Teknologi Sumatera,
Indonesia
4 Research Unit for Mineral Processing, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
(LIPI), Lampung, Indonesia
5 Astronomy Study Programe, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung
40132, Indonesia
6 ITERA Global Geopark & Astrotourism Innovation Research Center,
Lampung, Indonesia
7 Observatorium Astronomi ITERA Lampung (OAIL), Institut Teknologi
Sumatera, Lampung , Indonesia
8 ITERA Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Geodynamic Research Group,
Lampung, Indonesia
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract. In early 2021, a rare extraterrestrial object passed at high speed, followed
by a powerful boom, with a bright flare crossing the atmosphere and falling in
Astomulyo Village, Punggur, Central Lampung, Indonesia. This object has been
scientifically determining as a meteorite. Toward the spot where we first found it, we
presented this object named Astomulyo Meteorite. This research investigated its
chemical properties using an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. As the result, the
major composition of this meteorite is Si (28.3-27.1%), Fe (22.1-19.8%), Mg (17.3-
15.2%), Al (2.9-2.4%), Ca (1.7-1.9%), and S (1.0-0.97%). Its Minor elements are Mn,
Ni, Cr, P, and some trace elements such as Co, Ti, Sb, Sn, V, Cd, Zn. This meteorite
suggested classifying as the H-Chondrites group. Fe, Ni, Al, and Ti enrichment occur
on the meteorite's surface. It is probably related to this meteorite origin and
continuously processes until it falls to the earth's surface.
Agency of RDEMR | 5
Paper ID: A.04
Characterization of gold ore from Babakan

Loa District and leaching study in cyanide
solution
L O Arham1*, F R Mufakhir2, I A Putri3, Wahab4, H Z Hakim1

1
Mining Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
(ITERA), South Lampung 35365, Indonesia
2
Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), Lampung 35361, Indonesia
3
Geophisic Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
(ITERA), South Lampung 35365, Indonesia
4
Mining Engineering Department, Universitas Haluoleo (UHO),
Kendari 93232, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Research on the characterization of gold ore from Babakan Loa district and
leaching studies in cyanide solution has been carried out. This research was conducted
to determine the characteristics of gold ore from Babakan Loa and the leaching
behavior in cyanide solution. Preparations were carried out in the form of crushing
and grinding to obtain fractions of -40 + 60 mesh (400-250 μm), -60 +100 mesh (250-
149 μm), -100 + 150 mesh (149-104 μm) and -150 + 200 mesh (104-74 μm). Ore
characterization was carried out through XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX analysis, and wet
chemical analysis. XRD analysis results show that the main mineral phases in the ore
are quartz, hematite, goethite, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and berlinite. The main
constituents of the ore are Si (60.96%), Fe (10.71%), K (5.47%), and Al (19.53%).
The Au content in the ore was determined by wet chemical analysis and found a gold
content of 7.8 ppm. SEM-EDX analysis results showed that the gold grain size was
smaller than 10 μm. The leaching process showed that the highest percent gold
extraction data of 92.7% were obtained in experiments with a sodium cyanide
concentration of 1000 ppm, a percent solids of 10%, and grain size of -100 + 150
mesh. An increase in the percentage of solids causes a decrease in the percentage of
gold extraction. Likewise, the finer grain size causes a decrease in the percentage of
gold extraction. The presence of clay minerals in the ore is suspected to be the cause.
6 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.05
REE sequential extraction of weathered

crusts of granitoids from Sibolga, Indonesia
I Setiawan
Research Center for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), Bandung, Indonesia. Komplek LIPI, Gedung 70,
Jl. Sangkuriang, Bandung 40135, Indonesia.
Email: [email protected]
Abstract. Indonesia needs a proven technology for REE extraction to achieve its
ambitious goal to have a national REE-based industry. Monazite that has been
recovered from placer deposits at Bangka-Belitung areas is the most potential REE-
source. While in the future, ion adsorption type (IAT) will be another potential source
of REE deposits. This paper describes the sequential REE extraction of the weathered
crusts of granitoids from Sibolga using sequential extraction. Petrography, XRD, and
ICP-MS are also applied to determine mineralogical compositions and REE content
of bulk samples. The total REE (ΣREE) content of weathered crusts of granitoids from
Sibuluhan Sihaporas A ranges from 265 to 479 ppm, while the amount of ΣREE
leached by sequential extraction range from 151 to 263 ppm, and percentage of
adsorbed ΣREE ranges from 55 to 74%, while that of Sibuluhan Sihaporas B ranges
from 302 to 634 ppm, 82 to 198 ppm, and 28 to 44% respectively. ΣREE content of
weathered granitoids crusts from Sarudik ranges from 135 to 219 ppm, while that
ΣREE leached by sequential extraction range from 21 to 82 ppm, and percentage of
adsorbed ΣREE range from 11 to 50 %, while that Sibolga Julu ranges from 191 to
304 ppm, 111 to 138 ppm, and 27 to 44%. Most of the REE was present as ion
exchangeable state.
Agency of RDEMR | 7
Paper ID: A.06
Thermal analysis of Indonesian copper

sulphide
I Hutabarat
Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan (PEP) Bandung
Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Energi dan Sumber
Daya Mineral, Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral
Jalan Jend. Sudirman no 623 Bandung 40211 Indonesia
Abstract. The development of extracting hydrometallurgical process for copper

sulphide mineral becomes one of the promising fields not only for the copper
production but also for the by-product metals production. The advantage of the
thermal analysis is to get the phase form of the minerals on a certain temperature.
With this result, it can be selective on extraction chosen metal. The goal of this study
is to understand the thermal reaction of the copper sulphide as the basic data to
develop a process flow sheet of extracting copper and other important metals from the
copper concentrates by using an alternative new hydrometallurgy process to increase
the value of the minerals. The thermal behaviour was investigated by simultaneous
thermal analysis consisting of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in combination
with thermo gravimetry (TG) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
Samples were pre-treated by roasting at the several temperature transitions and
subsequently characterised by XRD and scanning electron microscopy with energy
dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).
8 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.07
Thermodynamic simulation (factsage) of

lanthanum oxide reduction into metallic
lanthanum
S T Muharam, A C Alviana, D T Saputra, F A Kamal, M C L

Kamal, N I Nashrulloh and D L Raja
Metallurgical Technology, Bandung Polytechnic of Energy and
Mining, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Nomor 623 Bandung, Jawa
Barat, Indonesia
Abstract. Lanthanum is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol
La with atomic number 57 [2]. This element belongs to the chemical group called
lanthanides. Lanthanum is often used in nickel metal hybrid rechargeable batteries for
hybrid cars. In addition, lanthanum is also used as a catalyst for petroleum fracturing,
additives to make nodular cast iron, hydrogen sponge alloys and so on. This research
is focused on studying the process of reducing Lanthanum-oxide into lanthanum
metal. Thermodynamic simulation for the process of reduction from Lanthanum
Oxide to Lanthanum metal is done by using Factsage software. The temperature
parameters are 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C, with reductor
types such as Ca, Na, Al, and Mg with a composition of 50 grams and 75 grams. From
simulations that has been done by using Factsage, we can see that lanthanum oxide
can be reduced to lanthanum metal by using calcium reductor (Ca) in both
composition 50 and 75 grams with temperatures starting from 1000 °C. However, it
can be noted again, that at a temperature of 900 °C-1100 ° C, Ca liquid has also been
formed.
Agency of RDEMR | 9
Paper ID: A.08
Thermodynamic simulation of cerium oxide

reduction into metallic cerium by
metallothermic process
N P W Pratami*, Assyifaunnisa, F M M Dinar, F M Farid, K A

Syarief, D L Raja and I Putra
Metallurgical Technology, Bandung Polytechnic of Energy and
Mining, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman Nomor 623 Bandung, Jawa
Barat, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Cerium is one of the rare earth metals that mostly associated with other
metal elements. The potential of Cerium-carrying minerals in Indonesia is known to
be considerable. Thus, this study aims to determine the condition of the process of
reducing Cerium Oxide (CeO2) into metal Cerium (Ce), the right reductor, the amount
of reductors, and the temperature of process. This research was conducted by
simulating the process of reducing Cerium oxide by metallothermic method using
Factsage. The reductor used is a metal that is more reactive than Cerium such as Na,
Ca, Al, and Mg. The process parameters varied in this study are the number of
reductors and the reduction temperature.100 grams of CeO2 is reduced by Na, Ca, Al,
or Mg with a variation in the number of reductors as much as 50 and 75 grams, and
performed in the temperature range of 600-1200°C. Obtained, at reduction using Na,
Al, Mg, not obtained pure Cerium, and only the reductor Ca gives results. Both in the
use of reductor Ca 50 grams and 75 grams, Cerium obtained as much as 81,480 grams.
The reduction process takes place optimally at temperatures above 800°C where
Cerium can already be obtained in its liquid phase, and below 900°C, to prevent Ca
from melting and mixing with Ce melting.
10 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.09
METSIM simulation in developing the ideal

furnace condition in expanded perlite
production with capacity of 20 tons/day
H E Mamby1*, A Wahyudi1, D A Darmawan1, R S Oktavian2

and Pramusanto2
1
Research and Development for Mineral and Coal Technology
(TEKMIRA),
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Bandung,
Indonesia
2
Bandung Islamic University, Mining Engineering Department,
Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Furnace is used to make expanded perlite from perlite mineral by using its
volume expansion characteristic at temperature range of 760°C-1100°C. Perlite
mineral with SiO2 content of 76.06% is fed into the furnace with capacity of 20 ton
feed/day and heated by combustion gas with composition of methane 96.69%, ethane
2.38% and propane 0.304%. The METSIM Software calculation results the suitable
dimension of the furnace are total height of 341 cm with top and bottom part having
the same height of 120 cm; diameter of the feed hole of 30.48 cm and the diameter of
the furnace of 80 cm. The frame of the furnace is designed to be made from 6 mm
carbon steel plate and the wedge shaped of refractory brick.
Agency of RDEMR | 11
Paper ID: A.10
Extraction of tin (Sn) from primary tin ore

using wet chlorination
I Rodliyah1*, R Wijayanti1, A Septiarani1, A Sudrajat2, and

D Firmansyah2
1
Centre for Research and Development of Mineral and Coal
Technology,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623 Bandung, Indonesia, 40211
2
Department of Business Development, PT. Timah, Tbk.,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 51 Pangkal Pinang
*
Abstract. More than half of the world's tin production is from the secondary ore
deposits. However, along with its depletion, PT Timah Tbk has done exploration and
mining of the primary deposits in Belitung, one that is expected to become tin’s new
source. Tin was found liberated as cassiterite in the secondary deposits, while in the
primary it was associated with other minerals requiring more complex processing.
Therefore, a suitable technology is needed to extract the tin from the primary ore
deposits. This research aims to observe the extraction of tin from primary deposits
(oxide and skarn ores) using HCl wet chlorination, observed at different temperature
(60 – 90 °C), HCl concentrations (10 – 50 % excess of stoichiometric amount),
leaching time (60 – 300 minutes), and with or without the addition of oxidant
(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2). From the research, the highest percentage of tin extraction
from oxide and skarn ores were 92.32% and 97.28%, respectively. Both results
achieved at the same optimum condition, i.e., temperature of 60 °C, 50% excess of
HCl, 240 minutes of leaching time, and at two-fold excess of the stoichiometric
amount of H2O2. It was concluded that oxidative wet chlorination can be used to
recover tin from its primary ore deposits.
12 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.11
Beneficiation of cassiterite from primary tin

ores using gravity and magnetic separation
I Rodliyah1*, R Wijayanti1, K N Hidayat1, Erika Arum

Dianawati1, Andrian Sudrajat2, and Dedy Firmansyah2
1
Research and Development Centre for Mineral and Coal
Technology,
2
Department of Business Development, PT. Timah, Tbk.
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 51 Pangkal Pinang
*
Coresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract. Alluvial tin ore deposit of PT. Timah predicted to be run out in the next 5
to 10 years. Finding a new source of tin ore is important for the company’s
sustainability. PT. Timah has carried out exploration of primary tin ore. Tin (Sn)
content in primary tin ore between 0.2 – 1.0%. The Sn particles liberated in the
cassiterite mineral are above 50% so that it can be processed by the physical separation
method. This research aims to observe the beneficiation of cassiterite from primary
tin ore (oxide and skarn samples) using gravity and magnetic separation. The
cassiterite concentrate produced from the beneficiation process is expected to be used
as feed for the smelting process. Beneficiation results of primary tin ore (oxide and
skarn samples) showed that cassiterite (SnO2) content were 15.09% and 40.03%,
respectively and recovery were 42.9% and 11.87%, respectively. The cassiterite
concentrate produced from the beneficiation process can’t be used to feed of the
smelting process.
Paper ID: A.12
Characterization of perlite and expanded

perlite from West Sumatera, Indonesia
D A Darmawan*, A Wahyudi, H E Mamby and I Suherman

Research and Development Centre for Mineral and Coal
Technology (TEKMIRA),Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources (ESDM),
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623Bandung 40211 INDONESIA
*
Abstract. Indonesia, as a volcanic country, is rich in natural mineral resources, and

one of them is perlite. Perlite is spread across several provinces in Indonesia. One of
the company which have mining business permit (IUP) for perlite, CV Abdi
Bersaudara, is located in Padang Pariaman Regency, West Sumatra Province. Perlite
rock can be processed through comminution and heating method. Crushed perlite can
be used as sandblasting, slag coagulant, source of silica, foundry and steel industry,
special casting sand and metal finishing. Meanwhile, expanded perlite is a product of
heated perlite with a temperature of 700°C -900°C. This research method uses
quantitative methods by conducting laboratory experiments and testing, such as x-ray
fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and optical microscope. The perlite rock originating from the
Padang Pariaman district can be expanded perlite through a heating process with a
temperature of 760°C - 900°C. The benefit of expanded perlite is very diverse; such
as for fillers, food or beverage filters, agriculture and construction.
14 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.13
Making of polyaluminum chloride (PAC)

from aluminum hydrate in pilot plant scale
with capacity of 500 kg/batch as water
treatment chemical agent
H E Mamby*, K N Hidayat and A Wahyudi

(TEKMIRA), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM),
Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is commonly used as chemical in water

treatment industry, deodorant and paper making. PAC is a complex inorganic
substance between hydroxyl land aluminum ions that gradually takes place
chlorination with its general formula of Alx(OH)yCl3x-y. The PAC has ability to
coagulate suspended solid or dispersed colloid within water perform easily
precipitated flock. Raw materials used for manufacturing liquid PAC consists of
hydrated alumina Al(OH)3, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and
calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Pilot scale experiment with capacity of 500 kg/batch feed
was conducted by reacting the Al(OH)3 with HCl and H2SO4 then neutralized using
CaCO3 to obtain liquid PAC and gypsum as a byproduct. The variation of acid
concentration as reactant and reaction time were conducted to determine its effect to
the composition of PAC and the amount of gypsum produced. The optimum
experiment resulted liquid PAC with the highest amount of Al 2O3 composition
(11.96%) and the lowest Cl- ion produced (10.87%) at condition of 2 hours reaction
time with total acid concentration of 37.74%.
Paper ID: A.14
Analysis of recovery from separation of iron

sand using magnetic separator
I Permatasari, C Palit* dan Subandrio

Departement of Mining Engineering, Trisakti University,
Jl. Kyai Tapa No. 1, RT. 6/RW. 16, Kel. Grogol Petamburan, Kota
Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Mining iron sand is a very common practice because iron sand is a mineral
that has many uses for humans, including as a raw material in the iron and steel
industry. In mining, iron sand will certainly carry other minerals such as pyroxene,
biotite, phosphorus, sulphur quartz and others as impurity minerals. That is why iron
sand needs further processing to increase the content of the iron itself. The method
most often done is by using tools Magnetic Separator because iron ore is a material
that can be strongly attracted by lines of magnetic force, while the impurity material
is a material that is repelled by magnetic forces, so that the separation can be carried
out properly. From the separation, the value is obtained Recovery, where later from
this value it can be concluded which separation is the most profitable. The variables
used in this study were strong electric current as well as fragments the size of iron
sand. From this study, the maximum result was obtained at a material size of 100 mesh
with a current strength of 5 ampere with the acquisition of concentrates as much as
165,189 grams with a recovery value of 65,041%.
16 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.15
Critical raw materials enrichment in bauxite

laterite: A case study from diverse parent
rock types
R D Nugraheni1, C P Riyandhani1, M Apriniyadi1 and

D Sunjaya2
1
Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Earth
Technology and Energy, Universitas Trisakti, Jl. Kyai Tapa No.1,
Grogol – Petamburan, Jakarta Barat
2
PT ANTAM Tbk., Jl. Letjen TB Simatupang No.1 Lingkar
Selatan, Tanjung Barat, Jakarta Selatan
*
Coresponding authors: [email protected]
Abstract. The emergence of the “Industrial Revolution” requires a wide range of raw
materials to supply the needs of novel technologies. High demand in utilizing the
mineral and metal (Scandium – Sc, Gallium – Ga, and Niobium – Nb) for industry
manufacture which is unequal to the number of natural resources causing a vulnerable
disruption. To compensate for the stock in the global market, exploration of metal raw
materials has been carried out toward the by-product of the primary minerals, such as
bauxite waste. This study aims to elucidate the enrichment mechanism of Sc, Ga, and
Nb from the bauxite weathering profile as well as sediment residue. A scrutiny
observation toward the ore-bearing minerals and metal has been conducted using
petrography analysis, mineragraphy, XRF, XRD, ICP-MS, and SEM-EDX. The
results indicate that bauxite ores (gibbsite) hold the metal compounds of Ga, the
assemblage iron minerals of goethite and hematite in bauxite pisolith is found to be
the Sc-bearing minerals, and Nb is highly concentrated within kong of bauxite
weathering derived from the granitic rocks. The maximum enrichment of Ga, and Sc
is well observed from the bauxite sample and sediment residue derived from
microdiorite pyroxene, which makes up 42.1 ppm and 50.9 ppm respectively. By
contrast, Nb enriched about nine-fold higher in the kong zone relative to bauxite which
is produced by weathering of granitic parent rocks. It suggests that metal
concentration in the lateritic products depending immensely on the precursor rock
types.
Paper ID: A.16
Nickel recovery from precipitate of NCA

lithium ion battery leach liquor using
disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate
A U N Izzati, H T B M Petrus* and A Prasetya

Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral Processing
Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, D. I.
Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The NCA type Li-ion battery is one type of battery currently used in electric
vehicles. The UGM battery team has recycled this type of battery to obtain high purity
lithium metal. Other than lithium, the NCA battery contains high value metals such
as nickel. This experiment aims to test the ease of nickel to chelate with EDTA. The
experiment was carried out using a triple neck flask for 4 hours. The samples are taken
at certain minutes and then fitted using a pseudo homogeneous first-order reaction
equation. The chelate formed will be further processed through multilevel
precipitation or electrodialysis to separate nickel. Based on the experiment, nickel
form chelates with EDTA optimally at 60℃ using 0.086 M EDTA with the reaction
constants for nickel being 1.4819 min-1. The Arrhenius constant and activation energy
for nickel are 3.48×1011min-1 and 76,907 J/mole.
18 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.17
Effect of operating condition on lithium

recovery from synthetic geothermal brine
using electrodialysis method
V S H Sujoto1, Sutijan1, W Astuti2, F R Mufakhir2 and

H T B M Petrus1,3*
1 Department of Chemical Engineering (Sustainable Mineral
Processing Research Group), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Bulaksumur,
D. I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2 Research Unit for Mineral Technology, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang,
Lampung Selatan, Lampung, 35361, Indonesia
3 Unconventional Geo-resources Research Group, Faculty of
Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2
Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, D. I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The demand for lithium in the global market is experiencing a significant
increase. The electric vehicle era is the driving force of this lithium increase
phenomenon. Although the demand for lithium continues to increase every year, the
available lithium resources are still not able to meet this demand, so that lithium
resources with much greater potential are being considered. The main objective of this
study is to extract lithium from a primary resource, geothermal brine, with a practical
and environmentally friendly method. Research on the extraction of lithium resources
from synthetic geothermal brine with a certain lithium composition using the
electrodialysis (ED) method has been carried out. The ED device used is provided
with electricity and is operated using temperature variations (30°C and 40°C) and
variations in electric voltage (2 V and 4 V). The highest concentration is achieved at
an operating temperature of 40°C and a power supply voltage of 4 V.
Paper ID: A.18
Recovery of Co-Mo from spent catalyst

using hydrochloric acid
D K Sutama1, A Prasetya1*, H T B M Petrus1 and W Astuti2

1
Chemical Engineering Department, Sustainable Mineral
Processing Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas
Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Bulaksumur,
D. I. Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
2
Sciences (LIPI),
Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan,
Lampung, 35361, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Cobalt and Molybdenum are valuable metals whose presence in nature is
very limited. Spent catalyst which is abundantly available in petroleum refinery
industry will be potential source of those metals. A hydrometallurgical process using
acid as leaching agent is usually used to extract and separate the metals more
effectively. This method is considered capable for recovery of higher percentage of
metal. In this study, hydrochloric acid solutions at various concentration of 1.0, 1.5
and 2 M were used. The spent catalyst was obtained from Indonesia Oil Refinery
Company. Leaching experiment was carried out for 300 minutes and sampling was
undertaken at 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 90 and 300 minutes. The particle size and agitation speed
were fixed at 200 mesh and 400 rpm. Samples of spent catalyst were analyzed using
EDXRF prior to leaching process. Samples of solution were analyzed using ICP-EOS.
Experimental results have shown that the recovery of cobalt and molybdenum
increases with the increase of either concentration of hydrochloric acid or
temperature. The highest recovery in cobalt and molybdenum were 34.66% and
5.03%, respectively, which were obtained at concentration of hydrochloric acid of 2
M and temperature 60°C.
20 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.19
Lithium titanium oxide synthesis by solid-

state reaction for lithium adsorption from
artificial brine source
I W C W H Tangkas1, W Astuti2, Sutijan1, S Sumardi2 and

H T B M Petrus1,3*
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan
Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, D. I. Yogyakarta
55281, Indonesia
2
Sciences (LIPI),
Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang, Lampung Selatan,
Lampung, 35361, Indonesia
3
Unconventional Geo-resources Research Group, Faculty of
Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Jalan Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM Bulaksumur, D. I. Yogyakarta
55281, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Lithium and titanium are the materials that have an essential role in today's
industrial world, especially in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The LIBs have become an
important issue nowadays due to the imbalance between supply and demand. Lithium
adsorption from brine sources becomes an alternative source using various methods.
In this study, the ion exchange adsorption method using Li2TiO3 (LTO) would be
applied. This study aims to find the characteristic of LTO was synthesized by the
solid-state reaction process. The variables studied were temperature and the solid-
solid ratio of Li and Ti. Each LTO was analyzed using XRD to define the crystal
structure and composition of LTO formed. The size of crystals formed is influenced
by temperature and ratio of solid Li/Ti. The higher the temperature, the smaller the
crystal sized formed and the Li/Ti solid ratio, the greater the crystal size formed.
Paper ID: A.20
Recovery of cobalt and molybdenum from

spent catalyst using citric acid
M E C Nugroho1, Sutijan1*, A Prasetya1 and W Astuti2

1
Sustainable Mineral Processing Group, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
55281, Indonesia
2
Sciences (LIPI), Jl. Ir. Sutami Km. 15, Tanjung Bintang,
Lampung Selatan, Lampung, 35361, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Valuable metals play important roles in various industrial sectors, such as
petroleum, petrochemical, and steel industries. Potential secondary resources of these
metals can be obtained from spent catalysts, which are solid waste of the chemical
and oil industries. Spent catalysts contain valuable metal compounds such as nickel
(Ni), vanadium (V), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), rhodium (Rh), platinum (Pt),
alumina (Al), etc. In this research, the recovery of cobalt and molybdenum from spent
catalyst of Pertamina Refinery Unit IV, Cilacap, Indonesia, was studied using the
hydrometallurgical method. Samples of spent catalyst were analyzed using EDXRF
prior to leaching process Citric acid at various concentration of 1.0, 1.5 and 2 M was
used as leaching agent. Leaching experiment was carried out for 300 minutes and
sampling was undertaken at 1, 3, 5, 15, 30, 90 and 300 minutes. Each sample was
separated between solid and liquid phases using a centrifuge at 400 rpm for 10
minutes. For analysis, 2 ml of the liquid phase was taken and the cobalt and
molybdenum concentrations were analyzed using ICP-OES. It was found that at
higher the citric acid concentration and temperature, the recovery of cobalt and
molybdenum was also higher. The best leaching condition is obtained at citric acid
concentration of 2 M and 60 °C, where recovery of cobalt and molybdenum were
17.35% and 2.27%, respectively.
22 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.21
New physical and chemical properties of

chitosan-samarium composite: Synthesis
and characterization
E Kusrini1*, W W Prihandini1, N A Prasetyarni1,

D P Mawarni2, M Sufyan3, A Usman4 and L D Wilson5
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Universitas Indonesia, Kampus Baru UI Depok, 16424, Indonesia
2
Department of Medical, Faculty of Medical, Universitas
Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta 12450,
Indonesia
3
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of computer science
and Information Technology, Virtual University of Pakistan,
Lahore, Pakistan
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei
Darussalam,
Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410 Negara Brunei Darussalam
5
Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan,
110 Science Place, Room 156, Thorvaldson Building, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C9
*
Abstract. In this paper, chitosan-samarium (CHN-Sm) composites were prepared

using impregnation method. The concentration of CHN and Sm were also varied and
investigated in details. This modification is aimed to produce CHN-Sm composites
with new physical and chemical properties. Various ratio CHN and Sm contents from
2:0.3; 2:0.5; 2:1 and 2:2 (w/w) were observe to enhance the hydrophobic character of
CHN. The emission of the CHN-Sm composites showed the characteristic emission
of Sm3+ ions (4G5/2-6H7/2, and 4G5/2-6H11/2), but also a stronger wide emission band
(360–500 nm) of the CHN. Furthermore, the CHN-Sm composites can be used as the
active site in adsorbent for separation of water-oil.
Paper ID: A.22
Cyclic voltammetry analysis of deep eutectic

solvent (DES) solution copper (Cu) in the
printed circuit board (PCB) waste
E Sugondo*, Harjanto S*, and Ulum R M*

Department of Metallurgy and Material Engineering. The
University of Indonesia, Depok City, West Java 16424, Indonesia.
*
Coresponding authors: [email protected];
[email protected]; [email protected]
Abstract. Cyclic voltammetry has been successfully analyzed from a deep eutectic
solvent (DES) electrolyte solution on printed circuit boards (PCB) containing 35.82%
copper. The raw material sample is made through the dismantling stage until the
grinding and then sieved to 80 mesh size for testing samples. Temperature variations
are used to increase the surface area of the electrodes. The temperature variations used
were 40 °C, 50 °C, and 60 °C. The cyclic voltammetric measurement method was
carried out using the Potentiostat / Galvanostat Autolab PGSTAT302N connected to
a computer with NOVA 1.11 software and a DC power source used for electrolysis
with a scan rate of 10 mV / s. From the measurement results, it was found that the
largest capacitance value was at 60 °C with an oxidation peak of 1.15 A. with a current
efficiency of 98.89 %. Additional testing was also carried out using SEM-EDX to see
the morphological surface of the cathode used.
24 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.23
Synthesis of Al(OH)3 nanoparticles from

bauxite local mineral and tomato waste
extract as chelating agent for nanofluids
applications
A Hardian1, C Nirmalasari1, S Budiman1, A Murniati1, V A

Kusumaningtyas1, T Yuliana1, and D G Syarif2*
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics,
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Jl. Terusan Jenderal Sudirman, Cimahi 40531, Indonesia
2
Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology, National
Agency for Nuclear Power
Jl. Tamansari No. 71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author: [email protected];
[email protected]
Abstract. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcination time on the
properties of Al(OH)3 or Gibbsite nanoparticles in the sol-gel process, which was then
used as the basic material in the manufacturing of water-Al(OH)3 based nanofluids.
Nanofluid is a mixture of basic fluids such as water with solid nanoparticles. Al(OH)3
nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized from local mineral bauxite using the
sol-gel method by utilizing tomato waste extract as a chelating agent at a calcination
temperature of 700ºC for 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours. The obtained calcined powders
were characterized using X-Ray Diffractometer. The evaluation toward nanofluids
application based on theirs stability based on visual observation and zeta potential.
Based on XRD analysis, all calcined powders has single Al(OH)3 or Gibbsite phase.
Increasing the calcined temperature gave impact on crystallinity, crystallite size, and
reorientation of crystal. The water-Al(OH)3 nanofluid was relatively less stable with
a zeta potential value of -25.2 mV; -26.4 mV; and -17.4 mV for calcination time 1 h,
3 h, and 5 h, respectively.
Paper ID: A.24
Preparation of Cu-Mn codoped NiFe2O4

based thick ceramic film from jarosite
minerals as NTC thermistors
A Hardian1, S Greshela1, T Yuliana1, S Budiman1, A Murniati1,

V A Kusumaningtyas1, and D G Syarif2*
1
2
*
[email protected]
Abstract. NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors are widely used as

temperature sensors in industrial and medical applications due to their high-
temperature sensitivity, durability, and low cost. Generally, NTC thermistors are
made from spinel structured ceramics formed by transition metal oxides with the
general formula AB2O4. One of the spinel structured ceramics that can be made for
NTC thermistors is NiFe2O4 nanoparticles. This work aimed to prepare Cu-Mn
codoped NiFe2O4 based thick ceramic film using Jarosite mineral as a precursor. The
synthesis method used was a simple coprecipitation method, while the technique used
in making a thick ceramic film was a simple screen printing technique. The sintering
temperatures used were 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, and 1200 ℃. Based on x-ray diffraction
analysis, the thick films consist of spinel phase, hematite phase, and some unidentified
phase. The constant thermistor values (B) for thick films obtained with 1000, 1100,
and 1200 ℃ sintering temperatures were 4740 K, 5669 K, and 5731 K, respectively.
These results showed that all obtained thick films had passed the minimum value in
market needs (B ≥2000 K).
26 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.25
Heat transfer nanofluid made of Al2O3-ZrO2

nanocomposite
D G Syarif1,*, J Usman1, Y I Pratiwi1, M. Yamin1 and

A Hardian2
1
Center for Applied Nuclear Science and Technology (PSTNT)-
BATAN
Jl. Tamansari 71, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
2
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi 40531, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Efforts to replace conventional fluids as coolants for heat transfers with
new fluids are continuously being made to improve heat transfer efficiency.
Nanofluids are currently widely studied around the world as candidates for
conventional fluids substitutes. In this research, the synthesis of Al 2O3-ZrO2
nanocomposites for heat transfer nanofluid applications was carried out. The synthesis
of the nanoparticles was done by the hydrothermal method. Here, we used ZrO 2 to
improve the characteristics of Al2O3. The results of XRD analysis showed that the
nanocomposite had an Al2O3 gamma structure. The Al2O3 nanoparticles and Al2O3-
ZrO2 nanocomposite have a crystallite size of 7.41 nm and 6.84 nm, respectively. The
addition of 0.1 % ZrO2 decreased the crystallite size and BET particle size and
increased the zeta potential, hence the stability of the nanofluids.. The increase of
stability increased the heat transfer coefficient of the Al2O3 nanofluids, making them
suitable for heat transfer.
Paper ID: A.26
The effect of additional acid type used on

butylditophosphate (DBDTP) so that may
improve selectivity of terbium separation
from gadolinum and samarium by solution
extraction
S Budiman1, A Murniati1, V A Kusumaningtyas1, A Hardian1,

Nurdeni2, S Effendy3*, A Mutalib4, A Anggraeni4 and H Bahti4*
1
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Bandung, Indonesia
2
Universitas Idraprasta PGRI, Jakarta, Indonesia
3
Universitas Al Ghifari, Indonesia
4
Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
*
[email protected]
Abstract. The rare earth element (UTJ) is a strategic material, difficult to obtain, and
has wide uses. Solvent extraction using dibutyldithiophosphate (DBDTP) extraction
is a good method for use in the separation of UTJ. Gadolinium is one of the REEs for
strategic materials and has wide uses, especially in the high-tech and health industries.
The separation of gadolinium from other REEs is a very difficult process, because the
chemical properties of the rare earth ions in aqueous solutions are very similar to each
other. The acid used in this separation is one of the parameters that affects the liquid
liquid extraction in the separation of gadolinium from terbium and samarium using
DBDTP and hexane as an organic solvent. In this study, several types of acids were
used such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and a mixture of both with a ratio of 1: 1.
The solvent extraction process used a pH variation from 1 to 5 and in determining the
metal concentration using ICP-OES. In this study, the distribution coefficient (Kd) for
gadolinium, terbium and samarium with a pH of 2 to 6. The best acid to use for the
separation of Gd (III) and Tb (III) by solvent extraction is nitric acid. whereas the
determination of Kd at Gd, Tb and Sm which was different at pH 5 with Kd values
for Gd, Tb and Sm were KdGd = 10.07 ± 3.96, KdTb = 5.27 ± 0.93 KdSm = 6.64 ±
1.92.
28 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.27
Separation of gadolinium(III) from

terbium(III) by the liquid-liquid extraction
method with dibutyldithiophosphate as the
extractant: selection and optimization of
extraction parameters using the
experimental design of plackett burman
S Budiman1, A Murniati1, V A Kusmumaningtyas1, A

Hardian1, Nurdeni2, S Effendy3*, A Mutalib4, A Anggraeni4 and
H Bahti4*
1
2
3
4
*
[email protected]
Abstract. The purpose of this research is to separate gadolinium(III) from

terbium(III), by the liquid-liquid extraction method, with the extractant dibutyl
dithiophosphate. Gadolinium(III) and terbium(III) have been selected in this study to
see if the two metallic ions still could be separated although they have only one
difference in atomic number, and in fact, terbium (65Tb) is the next to
gadolinium(64Gd), in the lanthanide series. Also besides, the two metals have been
found together in the same mineral such as gadolinite, and in some other minerals in
Indonesia. Extraction parameters have been firstly selected and extraction conditions
have been optimized as well, using the experimental design of Plackett Burman. Thus,
experiments have been done to select which of the nine parameters (i.e. Gd(III) and
Tb(III) concentrations, the concentration of the extractant (dibutyl dithiophosphate),
pH, volume ratio of aqueous phase to the organic phase, extraction temperature,
shaking rate, shaking time, resting time (after shaking), have their significant effect
on the extraction efficiency and separation. The data resulted from this study show
that there were five of the nine factors studied that determine the extraction efficiency
and separation. They were (with its respective optimum value in the bracket):
Gadolinium concentration [Gd(III)](5 ppm), terbium concentration [Tb(III)](5 ppm),
pH(3.0), shaking time (10 minutes), and rest time after shaking (10 minutes).
30 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.28
Effect of additional pH on separation

extraction of gadolinium metals from
terbium and europium with di-2-
ethylhexcylphosphate acid (D2EHPA)
extractant
S Budiman1, A Muniati1, V A Kusumaningtyas1, A Hardian1,

Nurdeni2, S Effendy3*, A Mutalib4, A Anggraeni4 and H Bahti4
1
2
3
4
*
Abstract. Rare earth elements (REE's) are strategic materials, difficult to obtain, and
have wide uses. Currently, it is still difficult to separate and refine REE's because it
has similar physical and chemical properties. Solvent extraction is the most successful
method used for the separation of REE's. Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA)
is an organophosphoric acid that has been widely used in industry for the separation
and purification of REE's because of its high selectivity. The purpose of this study is
the effect of pH on the basic parameters of extraction which include distribution
coefficient (Kd), extraction efficiency (% E) and separation factor (α) in the extraction
of gadolinium, terbium and europium through complex formation with the D2EHPA
ligand. Determination of the effect of pH is a parameter determined in the process of
extracting standard solutions of gadolinium, terbium and europium metals using
D2EHPA extractant with n hexane as an organic solvent. Extraction was carried out
at optimum conditions and the success of the extraction was evaluated using a UV and
ICP-OES spectrophotometer. The basic parameters in the extraction of gadolinium,
terbium and europium with D2EHPA at pH 4 are as follows KdGd = 89.90; αGd /Tb
= 5.63, αGd /Eu = 1.83; % E = 98.90. KdTb = 15.94; αTb /Gd = 0.17, αTb /Eu = 0.32;
% E = 94,10; KdEu = 1,40; αEu /Gd = 0.01, αEu /Tb = 0.08; %E = 98.29. From these
values it can be concluded that gadolinium, can be separated from terbium and
europium by the solvent extraction method by forming complexes with the D2EHPA
ligand with the best separation results obtained at pH 4. Keywords- extraction,
D2EHPA, gadolinium, terbium, europium, ICP-OES.
Paper ID: A.29
The synthesis of Mg-Al-Ni alloy by using the

mechanical alloying method for hydrogen
storage energy
R H Mulyani1, A Yasin1, A Hardian2,V A Kusumaningtyas2,

and Dj H Prajitno3*
1
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of
Manufacturing Technology, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
Jl. Terusan Gatot subroto PO. BOX 807, Bandung, 40285,
Indonesia
2
3
*
Abstract. The synthesis of Mg-Al-Ni by using the mechanical alloying method for
hydrogen storage energy has been conducted. Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys can be
used as a hydrogen storage material for energy. The synthesis process of making the
samples is started by the mechanical alloying powder of Ni, Al, and Ni as starting
materials. The mechanical alloying (MA) process is used to improves of mixing Ni,
Al, and Ni powder to form uniformity and new phases. The Planetary Ball Mill is used
for the mechanical alloying process of Mg- Al-Ni alloy with variation 5at.% and
10at.% of Ni. Afer mechanical alloying, Mg-Al-Ni alloys are sintered at temperatures
500° and 550°C. After sintering, Mg-Al-Ni alloys are characterization by optical
microscope, XRD, and SEM/EDS for used to analyze the microstructure of the alloy.
The characterization by optical results shows that the alloys contain flake
microstructure. The addition of Ni in the Mg-Al alloy is related to the form of the
solid solutions of Mg. XRD results show that the alloys contain of Mg3AlN2, Al3Mg2,
Mg17Al12, and NiAl3 phases. Characterization of Mg-Al-Ni by SEM shows that the
microstructure of the alloy contains pore.
32 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: A.30
Synthesis zirconium from zirconia by arc

plasma sintering method at high
temperature
Dj H Prajitno
Nuclear Metallurgy Laboratory, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Synthesis of zirconium from zirconia by arc plasma sintering methods has
been done. Zirconium is a metal for nuclear fuel element cladding in the nuclear power
plant energy due to neutron low crosssection area absorption, good mechanical
properties, and high corrosion resistance at high temperatures. The zirconium was
synthesized by a carbothermic method. The process consisting of mixing of zirconia
and carbon and then milling by using planetary ball Milling (PBM) for 2 hours. After
milling, the mix powder of Zirconia carbon was pressed by a press machine at 9 tons
and then was sintered by Arc Plasma Sintering method at 38 V,60A for 2 minutes.
After sintering, the microstructure and phase present of the sample are
characterization by Optical Microscopes and XRD. The results of the microstructure
of the sample show that the metalization after arc plasma sintering conversion take
place on the sample. Unfortunately, the metalisation is not yet homogeneous with the
presence of zirconium oxides and carbon. Characterization by using XRD shows the
phase present contain Zirconia, zirconium, and carbon.
34 | ISMCT 2021
ROOM B: COAL
36 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.01
Selection of coal blending for coal fired

power plant fuel with calculation of slagging
fouling prediction and coal procurement
cost
Hariana1*, H P Putra1, A A Raksodewanto1, Enjang1,

F M Kuswa1, D B Darmadi2 and Clause Nielsen3
1
The Laboratory of Fuel and Engineering Design (BTBRD-BPPT)
2
Departement of Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University
3
Eqtec UG and Eqtec SOA GmbH Germany
*
Abstract. Most coal fired power plants in Indonesia use medium and low rank coal
due consent of coal availability on domestic coal market. Because of technical and
economic reasons, single coal as fuel is rarely used in coal fired power plant, therefore
the coal blending method is used. Here, the most dominant technical requirement of
coal fired power plant are the calorific value and potential of slagging and fouling.
For this reason, a selection method that involves technical aspect of coal and coal
procurement cost is carried out. From this study, it was found that from 42 type of
alternative coal blends made, there were 18 type that fulfil the potential of slagging
and fouling criteria and there were 12 type coal blends than can be priority for main
alternative because they fulfil all technical aspects and were prioritized based on their
coal procurement cost. The conclusion obtained from this study is completion of the
search for alternative coal blends based on technical aspects especially slagging and
fouling and procurement cost to effectively obtain blending priority. This method can
be developed for different coal fired power plant technology and operation condition.
Paper ID: B.02
Combustion characteristics of low-rank coal

and medium rank coal in Indonesia using
the TGA-DSC method
Hariana1*, A. Prismantoko1, H P Putra1, A P Nuryadi1,

Sugiarto2, Enjang1 and C Nielsen3
1
The Laboratory of Fuel and Engineering Design (BTBRD-BPPT)
2
Mechanical Engineering Department, Brawijaya University
3
Eqtec UG and Eqtec SOA GmbH Germany
*
Abstract. Low-rank and medium calorie coal are dominant coal resources in
Indonesia, which has intense moisture content and low calorific value. Considering
the decisive role of Coal as a power plant in Indonesia, it is crucial to examine the
combustion characteristics before burning the boiler. This paper represents the effect
of moisture content, heating value and volatile matter on ignition temperature and
burn out in five samples of low-rank Coal and five samples of medium rank coal using
TG-DSC. The investigation results show that low-rank coal with the higher volatile
matter has tremendous reactivity and is more flammable, and favours burning through
itself than medium rank coal. Medium rank coal has better combustion with a short
residence time because it has a lower burnout temperature (Tbo) value than low-rank
coal. However, medium rank Coal burns more instantly because it has a lower
temperature interval than low-rank coal. Medium rank coal, which has fixed carbon
and higher heating value, but lower moisture content, has a higher Rmax value than
low-rank coal. In conjunction with these properties, it is crucial to examine the
implementation in generators, especially in spontaneous combustion.
38 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.03
Comparative study the characteristics of

paper mill reject to coal and biomass as fuel
through slagging factors and greenhouse
emissions
Y Setiawan* and Syamsudin

Centre for Pulp and Paper-Ministry of Industry,
Jl. Raya Dayeuh Kolot No. 132 Bandung-40258, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Paper mill reject (PMR) as a byproducts of paper mill has a high calorific
value with low ash and sulfur contents. The objective of this study is comparing the
characteristics of paper mill reject (PMR) to coal and natural biomass and estimate
the greenhouse (GHG) emissions of PMR and coal. Coal and PMR taken from five
paper mills were analyzed for the content of moisture, proximate parameter (ash,
volatile matter, fixed carbon), sulfur (S), gross calorific value (GCV) and ash mineral.
Test of ash fusion temperature (AFT) of materials were also carried out. The slagging
factors of materials were calculated and evaluated. The greenhouse gasses (GHG)
emissions resulting was also estimated. Results indicates that PMR has a high calorific
value and low ash and sulfur content which is potentially utilized as a coal mixture of
boiler fuel. It is very beneficial for the environment due the low SO2 emissions. PMR
has the characteristics of a low slagging index (SI), high fouling index (FI) and
medium ash fusibility index (TAFT) which is almost similar with biomass, rice husk
and empty fruit bunches (EFB) pellets. The use of PMR as a coal mixture in paper
mills can reduce greenhouse gases by 0.28%.
Paper ID: B.04
Impact of coal pile leachate on soil

geochemistry: Case study of PT. Bukit Asam
Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit and its
surroundings
B Al Farishi1*, M Iqbal2, M Candany3, D Radityo2,

H C Natalia2, T F Erica3 and M A A Hassan3
1 Applied Geology Research Group, Geological Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sumatera.
2 Petrology Volcanology, and Geothermal Research Group,
Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera.
3 Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera,
Jalan Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Jati Agung, South Lampung,
Indonesia.
*
Corresponding Author: [email protected]
Abstract. Surface runoff that flow through the coal stockpile and penetrate into the
ground can be a source of environmental problems. The trace elements possessed by
coal in significant amounts can affect the geochemistry of soil and groundwater which
may give a negative impact on human health. This is become the concern of PT. Bukit
Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit. The purpose of this research is to see the effect of coal
stockpile to the presence of metals and non-metals in the soil. This study uses soil
samples taken at 14 location points in the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit and
its surroundings. 11 points of which were taken within the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan
Port Unit (Tn-1-Tn-11) and 3 sample points were taken outside the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk.
Tarahan Port Unit. There is 1 sample taken in the settling pond (Tn-6) to see elements
that have the potential to become pollutants in the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port
Unit. There are 3 sample points taken outside the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port
Unit (Tn-12-Tn-14) was used as comparison data to see the original content of the soil
outside the PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tarahan Port Unit. All soil samples were tested using
the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method and presented in the form of a distribution map
of the elements. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there are
several elements that are high due to the effect of the stockpile. There are also elements
that are high due to the content of the original soil. Some elements that are high in the
effect of stockpile are heavy metals that can be harmful to human health.
40 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.05
The effect of coal stockpile on shallow

groundwater aquifer: Study case Tarahan
M Iqbal1*, B A Farishi2, M A A Hassan3, H C Natalia1,

D Radityo2, T F Erica3, M Candany3 and S M J Safa3
1 Petrology Volcanology, and Geothermal Research Group,
Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera.
2 Applied Geology Research Group, Geological Engineering,
Institut Teknologi Sumatera.
3 Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Jalan
Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi, Jati Agung, South Lampung,
Indonesia.
*
Abstract. This paper aims to determine the existence of groundwater contamination

due to coal stockpile activity in shallow groundwater. The research area is located in
a stockpile owned by PT. Bukit Asam Tarahan Port Unit (PTBA PELTAR) which has
been operating since 1986. We conducted chemical content analysis at several points
around the coal stockpile and outside the stockpile area to see the impact of pollution
on the surrounding residents' areas. In addition to analysing chemical content, this
study also uses geoelectric methods and direct observations to identify shallow
groundwater levels (water table). Based on geoelectric data inversion modelling and
groundwater level observations in the field, the research area has a groundwater depth
of about 2 m from the surface, and groundwater flows from east to west (sea). From
the results of the chemical content analysis, it can be seen that each sample taken
around the stockpile is below the water quality standard threshold based on Minister
of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017, so it can be concluded that coal stockpile activity
does not contaminate the shallow groundwater. However, there is nitrate
contamination from shallow groundwater located outside the stockpile area. Nitrate
content at three points taken from dug wells and drilling wells with a depth of 8 m
shows a value of 14.08-23.67 ppm (>10 ppm threshold). We suspect that this pollution
is caused by the large number of mining activities carried out in the north of the study
area. The content of nitrates that enter the body when consumed can increase health
risks such as methemoglobinemia, cancer, diabetes, etc. Therefore, the shallow
groundwater contaminated with nitrate is not suitable for consumption.
Paper ID: B.06
Preparation of carbon anode sheet

precursor using raw Air Laya-Bukit Asam
coal and its application for
battery/supercapacitor
A T Mursito1*, L N Listiyowati1, D N Arifin1, D B Santoso2 and

M Dwiki3
1
Research Centre for Geotechnology, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI),
Jl. Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI, Gd. 70 Bandung 40135,
Indonesia
2
PT. Bukit Asam Tbk, Menara Kadin Indonesia Fl. 15, Jl. H.R
Rasuna Said, Blok X-5 Kav. 2-3 Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
3
PT. Bukit Asam Tbk,
Jl. Parigi no. 1 Tanjung Enim, South Sumatera 31716, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Research has been carried out on the manufacture of carbon electrode thin
sheets that will be used as anode for solid battery cells. The material used is a raw coal
which has been carbonized, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and by using N-
Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) as a solvent. Manufacturing technique using a Doctor
Blade based tape casting method. Observation of crystal structure by diffraction
method X rays show a diffraction pattern where crystallites in all product samples
have an intermediate structure between graphite and amorphous known as a
turbostratic structure or a random layer lattice structure.
42 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.07
Study of making coal water slurry with

lignite Pendopo coal
M A Rahmanta
PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan. Jl. Duren Tiga
No. 102. Pancoran. Jakarta. 12760
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The majority of Indonesia's coal reserves are lignite (58%) which has the
characteristics of a large water content. a low heating value of High Heating Value
(HHV). And a high Hardgroove Grinability Index (HGI) value. The high HGI value
makes lignite coal easily broken into dust so that transportation & handling becomes
difficult. Coal Water Slurry (CWS) technology increases the calorific value of coal so
that the selling value increases. This technology changes the phase of coal from solid
to liquid for easy transportation such as petroleum. The CWS Plant with a capacity of
1.4 t/hour of coal in Karawang. West Java converts lignite coal to CWS. Coal
undergoes pulverizing. upgrading. and slurrification processes to become CWS.
Pulverization is the process of refining coal into 200 mesh or 40 microns in size with
hammer mills and ball mills. The upgrading process is through reducing the moisture
content of coal in heat exchangers (HE). The upgrading process occurs in HE (shell
and tube reactor) where the coal is pressurized to 15 MPa or 150 Bar and the
temperature is maintained at 330 °C for 30 minutes. This upgrading process does not
use any additional chemicals. In the slurification process. the moisture that has been
removed will be pressed in the filter press so that the water content in the slurry is lost
(dewatering). The fine coal will be added a little water and additives through the tank.
Aggregators are used so that fine coal can mix with water with the addition of
additives. namely dispersants. stabilizers. and NaOH as the PH balance. Dispersant
(Ca) is used to allow agglomeration or bonding between fine coals. Meanwhile. the
stabilizer is used so that there is no separation between fine coal and water. The
research objective was to determine the CWS characteristics of the South Sumatra
Pendopo coal which is a lignite type. The method used is through testing where the
pendopo coal is converted into CWS at the CWS Plant. Pendopo and CWS coal are
tested in the laboratory with standards in accordance with the American Standard and
Testing Material (ASTM) and then analyzed or compared their characteristics before
and after going through the process at the CWS Plant. The result shows that Pendopo
coal which has a heating value of HHV 2,725.00 kCal / kg As Received (AR) has an
increase in HHV heating value of 3,218.00 kCal / kg AR when it becomes CWS. This
is because the total moisture content of Pendopo's coal has decreased from 49.36% to
44.58% when it becomes CWS. The fixed carbon content of Pendopo coal increased
from 19.78% AR to 24.01% AR. Whereas in the ultimate analysis. the carbon content
increased from 30.16% AR to 35.12% AR. Pendopo coal which has a solid phase can
be converted into CWS which has a liquid phase which will have a higher heating
value of HHV.
44 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.08
Belt scale analysis for detecting

measurement error
D B K Winarno*, Ruly, N Cahyo, E Supriyanto, M Triani and

Rasgianti
PLN Indonesia
*
Abstract. Inaccurate readings of coal used in the coal feeder at Steam Power Plant
(PLTU) Indonesia cause unit has too high efficiency or too low efficiency. Therefore
it is necessary to analyze the coal feeder (belt scale) to determine the condition of the
equipment and determine further actions. There are 4 analysis methods, namely belt
length analysis method, speed meter analysis method, load meter analysis method,
and belt scale analysis method. Based on the results of the experiment and analysis,
there 2 recommendations for solving the problem, namely short term and long term.
For the short term, resetting values of the belt length, the idler spacing, and maximum
speed of all coal feeders and conducting zero calibration for all coal feeders after the
FYI work. For the long term, replacing the speed meter, the load cells A and B, and
the load meter of all coal feeders and ensuring that the design and equation for
calculating the total weight are correct by conducting a material test.
Paper ID: B.09
Performance and boiler efficiency using low-

grade coal on 400 MWe coal-fired power
plant
E Supriyanto, N Cahyo*, R Sitanggang, Rasgianti, M Triani

and D Bakti
Power Generation System Research Section, PT PLN (Persero)
Research Institute,
Jalan Durentiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
*
Abstract. In a coal steam power plant, changes in coal quality significantly affect
plant performance, especially in its boiler. A coal-fired power plant with a capacity of
400 MWe had been commissioned using coal with a calorific value of 5,242 kCal/kg.
This study aims to determine the effect on unit performance and boiler efficiency due
to changes in fuel use with the typical calorific value of 3,520 kCal/kg, 34,17% lower
than the initial design. The performance test has been conducting using the heat loss
method at loads: 50%, 65%, 75%, and 100%. The test result showed that using low-
grade coal reduces boiler efficiency by 6.26%. There are four dominant boiler losses:
heat loss due to moisture in dry flue gas, heat loss due to combustible in refuse, heat
loss due to moisture in fuel, and heat loss due to from burning of hydrogen.
Furthermore, the gross plant heat rate using low-grade coal was increased from 2,120
kCal/kWh to 2,718 kCal/kWh; however, the electric price becomes cheaper from 1.99
cent-USD/kWh becomes 1.31 cent-USD/kWh.
46 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.10
The performance of pacitan power plant

(pulverized boiler) toward the blending coal:
An experimental
Rasgianti
PLN Indonesia
Abstract. Coal blending testing of medium rank coal (MRC) and low-rank coal
(LRC) in Pacitan power plant with pulverized boiler type was conducted to increase
the use of readily available coal. It was necessary to ensure the impact of the blending
coal to the boiler. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the performance of
boiler. There were two combinations in testing; a) Combo #1: 75% of LRC and 25%
MRC; b) Combo #2: 60% of LRC and 40% MRC. Each combination was held in 4
schemes of load, 165 MW, 210 MW, 255 MW, and 300 MW. Heat rate test was
determined with the heat loss method (energy balanced method). As a result, compare
to commissioning test (2,270 kCal/kWh), power plant performance was decrease.
Performance of combo #1 obtained 2,517.48 kCal/kWh, meanwhile combo #2's
performance showed 2,360.58 kCal/kWh.
Paper ID: B.11
Prospect of coal-based methanol market in

Indonesia
T Suseno* and DF Umar

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, The Republic of
Indonesia
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 623 Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Coal is one of the commodities in the mining sector which is currently being
pushed to strengthen the structure of the upstream petrochemical industry, including
methanol. Methanol as raw material of various derivative industries, most of which
are still imported. Currently, Indonesia only has one methanol plant with a production
capacity of 660,000 tons, whereas domestic demand for methanol by 2035 is
estimated to reach 2.17 million tons. The current world methanol production capacity
is 147 million tons per year, this production is only able to meet the world methanol
demand until 2021. World methanol demand in 2035 is estimated to reach 364 million
tons, if production capacity is not increased, the world will be a shortage of methanol
supply of 217 million tons. Domestic and world methanol trade statistics are indicators
of market opportunities for coal mining businesses in Indonesia if they are able to
develop the domestic coal-based methanol industry in the next few years. Increasing
the added value of coal is considered very important for the state in efforts to conserve
coal reserves and meet the needs of domestic industry and as a basic capital for
national development.
48 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B12
Study on chemical characteristics and

tendencies of ash deposition of coal and
biomass blends in a boiler co-firing system
at coal fired power plant
D F Umar* and T Rohayati

*
Abstract. A Coal and biomasses of empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF)
and palm kernel shell (PKS) were characterized in terms of proximate, ultimate,
calorific value and ash chemical composition. Ash fusion temperature (AFT) was
carried out on coal and biomass blends with a composition in weight % of 95-5; 90-
10 and 85-15. The coal has low inherent moisture and ash contents with a high of
calorific value (6,106 Cal/g). The results of the proximate, ultimate and calorific value
analyses of each biomass show almost the same value, with a small range for each
item analysed. Inherent moisture, ash, fixed carbon, calorific value, carbon and
sulphur are relatively low, while volatile matter and oxygen are high. Contrary to the
ash chemical composition, the EFB has lower SiO2 and higher K2O contents compared
with those of the MF and PKS. The tendency of ash coal-biomass blends deposition,
based on basic to acidic ratio, in general has low tendency to the slagging except of
the blend with EFB shows medium tendency. Based on fouling index, generally has
high tendency while based on the AFT at oxidation spherical temperature shows
medium fouling. Result indicate that the indices based on ash chemical composition
predict drastically different tendencies than observed through the AFTs.
Paper ID: B.13
Study on coal to methanol of Arutmin coal
Suganal*, M Huda, M A A Efendi, D Diniati, D F Umar,

S Rianda, Nurhadi and G K Hudaya
Centre for Research and Development of Mineral and Coal
Technology,
*
Abstract. The Indonesian government has encouraged coal mining companies to

expand into coal downstream industries. To support this program, PT. Arutmin has
conducted a prefeasibility study (Pre-FS) on the construction of a coal-to-methanol
plant. On the Pre-FS, the plant was located in a large industrial area of the Pulau Laut
Utara Coal Terminal (NPLCT). The plant is designed to produce 3.0 million tons of
methanol/year. Coal as a raw material is supplied from the Sarongga mine which is
about 5 km away from NPLCT. The Sarongga coal mine produces low-rank coal with
a total moisture content of 40.32%. The coal to methanol process was simulated using
chemcad because of its ability to solve chemical as well as energy problems. Based
on heat & material balance simulation results, the coal to methanol plant requires coal
as a raw material of 6.0 million tons/year. The electricity demand for the entire plant
is 425 MWe. A heat recovery power plant boilers will supply about 285 MWe while
the remaining (140 MWe) is supplied by external companies (PLN). A coal-fired
power plant using Sarongga coal may be considered after additional drilling
exploration to increase the amount of Sarongga coal reserves. Based on its coal
reserves, Sarongga coal mines cannot meet the coal demand for the entire life of the
plant. Air Product technology was chosen for coal gasification and Davy Technology
for methanol synthesis. Air product gasifier requires lower oxygen to produce syngas
than other technologies, thereby reducing oxygen production costs. The plant needs
an investment cost of USD 3.0 billion. Assuming a methanol price of USD 311/ton
and 20 years of tax holiday incentives, the results of the financial analysis show that
the construction of coal to methanol plant is financially feasible with an NPV value
of USD 289.7 million and an IRR of 13.35%.
50 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.14
Materials characterization approach for

development of distillation process for
production of anode-grade coal tar pitch
Phiciato1*, S Rianda1, C Irawan1 and D Sinaga2

1
Tekmira - Research and Development Center for Minerals and
Coal Technology
2
Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Persero)
*
Abstract. Many efforts have been spent to make a trade-off between designing an
efficient distillation system and at the same time meeting very strict requirements of
pitch product. The design of coal tar distillation for pitch production should be able
not only energetically efficient but also to meet the physicochemical requirements of
pitch. This paper presents a practical approach and a systematic method of material
characterizations to evaluate appropriate distillation operating conditions. The
purpose of this study was to develop a simple coal tar distillation process that focused
on obtaining anode-grade binder having certain specifications. The distillation process
was carried out in two stages. The first stage occurred up to 360-370°C at atmospheric
pressure to separate all volatile fractions. The second stage distillation involves
vacuum pressure with 4 conditions in which A<B<C<D ranging from -4 to -35 cmHg
and varying soaking time to convert soft pitch into hard pitch. This study show, higher
vacuum pressure leads to the increase of molecular weight of pitch and consequently
increases softening point, insoluble fractions and coking value also results to lower
yield of soft pitch. The condition of vacuum pressure during distillation is not
necessarily high to meet specifications. Our finding shows that B is the most
favourable vacuum pressure and can be further heat treated for specific requirements
of pitch.
Paper ID: B.15
Ash, trace element and sulfur content of coal

Seam D, Muara Enim Formation, Central
Palembang Sub-basin, South Sumatera
Basin
A B Purnama*, S S Yudha and W Surono

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of Energy
and Mineral Resources,
Jl. JenderalSudirman 623 Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Coal seam D belong to Muara Enim formation, in Central Palembang Sub-
basin, South Sumatera Basin, which include to the Middle Miocene to Late Miocene.
This study aims to determine the quality of coal seam D especially sulfur content,
sulfur form, ash content and composition as well as trace elements of heavy metals,
those are important to know as a reference in suitability in the use of this coal. In coal
seam D, categorized as low rank coal as lignite with a very low total sulfur content
around 0.25% for ply by ply samples and 0.19% for composite samples, the content
of form of sulfur is dominated by the organic sulfur content, its means that sulfur
formed during the peatification and coalification (syngenetic). Coal seam D has a safe
ash composition, its shows from a very low metal oxides content that caused slagging,
fouling and ash build up at low temperatures process. Average coal seam D metal
oxides content such as iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), potassium oxide
(K2O) and sodium oxide (Na2O) is below 0.1%. In the trace element content the D
coal seam is divided into 4 groups, namely Group I: chromium (Cr), cadminum
(Cd);Group IIA: manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni);Group IIB: copper (Cu), zinc
(Zn);and Group III: cobalt (Co).Thus, what needs to be considered is the trace
elements that are included in Group I and Group IIA categorized as dangerous heavy
metals. Nevertheless those trace element content in coal seam D is still far below the
threshold for trace element content in coal so coal seam Dis safe to use and suitable
for steam coal.
52 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.16
Effect of temperature and moisture content

of low rank coal to slow pyrolysis process
S Handoko*, S Rianda and Nurhadi

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology (tekMIRA),
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No.623, Bandung.
*
Corresponding author: [email protected],
Abstract. Government of Indonesia has made policies to increase the added value of
coal. It can be done by using the technology of slow pyrolysis. Therefore, the aim of
this study was to increase the added value of coal. This study was carried out by
analysing the effect of temperature and water content of the feed to the products of
slow pyrolysis. Water content variation in the feed form of coal is 10.57 wt% and
16.86 wt%. Temperatures variation in slow pyrolysis process were 500, 600, 700, and
800 ºC. The result of this research showed that low moisture content coal produced
more char in slow pyrolysis process. Based on the variations of the temperature used,
the higher temperature of pyrolysis produced fewer char but higher calorific value of
coal product. The optimum operating condition was obtained at 500-600 ºC.
Paper ID: B.17
Techno-economic analysis of producing low

heating value UCG gas in Indonesia
M. Huda*, S Salinita, Zulfahmi, N Madiutomo and

E Handayani
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of ESDM
Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 623, Bandung 40211, West Java.
Indonesia
*
Abstract. Indonesia's coal production is predicted to decline in the next few years due
to rising production costs. Indonesia is currently reviewing the use of underground
coal gasification (UCG) technology to utilize deep-seated coal. UCG may exploit the
coal deposit that is not feasible for open-pit mines due to its great depths. In this study,
the UCG plant in two coal mines, the Kideco Jaya Agung (KJA) and at the Indominco
(IMM) coal mines, will be compared their economics in producing low heating value
gas with a capacity of 170,000 MJ/hour. The UCG plants implement the Linking
Vertical Well (LVW) technique combined with reverses combustion linking (RCL).
The Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method is used for financial analysis to determine
the minimum selling price of UCG low heating value UCG gas. Besides, the
sensitivity of IRR value to operating pressure, electricity price, well spacing, and
syngas selling price will be examined. The minimum selling price is the price that
gives an IRR value equal to the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). The
study aims to understand the economic feasibility of applying UCG technology to the
different characteristics of coal deposits in Indonesia. The results show the minimum
prices of the low heating value UCG gas of KJA and IMM UCG plants are USD
3/MMBTU and USD 3.57/MMBTU, respectively. The operating cost of the IMM
UCG is higher than that of the KJA UCG plant due to its thinner and deeper coal
seams. Reducing operating pressure, lowering electricity prices, and extending the
distance between wells improve UCG economics. The IRR value increased from 12%
to 19% when the wells spacing increases from 40m to 60m. The results also show that
the drilling and construction cost of the UCG well in Indonesia is approximately USD
296/m, which is lower than UCG drilling and construction cost reported in the
literature.
54 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: B.18
Analysis of maceral and mineral

composition as the basis of determining the
quality of coal Muara Enim Formation,
South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia.
A P Monita1 and N C D Aryanto2*

1
Main contributor, Mining Engineering, Bandung Islamic
University, Bandung.
2
Marine Geological Institute, ARDEMR, Bandung.
*
Abstract. The quality of coal can be determined based on the environment where the
coal is deposited; coal quality is one aspect of consideration in developing a coal
mining industry. The coal samples originated from the Muara Enim Formation coal
seam in the South Sumatra Basin, West Merapi District, Lahat Regency. The
determination of coal quality in this research was carried out based on the content of
certain maceral and mineral compositions of coal using organic petrographic analysis
methods to determine the environment in which the coal was deposited, which by
understanding the environment of coal deposition, the quality of the coal could be
estimated. The interpretation of the coal depositional environment was carried out
based on the correlation between the value of the Tissue Preservation Index (TPI) and
the Gelification Index (GI). Based on the organic petrographic analysis, the coal in
the research area was dominated by the huminite maceral group (> 50%) followed by
the liptinite and inertinite maceral groups, resulting in a TPI value range of 0.87-1.78
and GI 7.26-37.33, these values indicate that the coal in the research area is deposited
in the transitional lower delta plain depositional environment with the sub-
environment of the deposition in the form of telmatic and limno-telmatic in wet forest
swamp and fen peat swamps. This environment is affected by seawater transgression;
however, this effect is not very significant, as proven by the low mineral content of
pyrite (0.20% -1.80%) and clay minerals and other minerals (0-2.40%). The low
presence of these minerals will increase the quality of the coal because the total
sulphur and ash content in coal will decrease.
Paper ID: B.19
Preliminary study on Indonesian low rank

coal for coal upgrading preparation using
coal upgrading palm oil (CUPO) technology
S Lee and D F Umar*

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The utilization of low-rank coal is restricted by such factors as high

moisture contents, low heating value, high propensity to low-temperature oxidation,
spontaneous combustion, etc. Some coal upgrading technologies to reduce the
moisture content have been developed, one of them is coal upgrading palm oil
(CUPO) technology using palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) as an additive to keep the
stability of moisture content in the coal after the process. To study the possibility of
the upgrading technology application in Indonesia, some studies have been conducted.
The study covered low rank coal (LRC) potencies and characteristics such as
proximate, ultimate and calorific value, palm oil potencies and productions to
produced PFAD for stabilization of upgraded LRC and a preliminary feasibility and
economic evaluation of CUPO technology. Results indicate that most of Indonesian
coal are classified as low rank coal. The palm oil industry is an important part of the
national economies of Indonesia, which is the highest in the world. Likewise,
Indonesia is also the world's largest producer of crude palm oil in the world. The
preliminary economic analysis (PEA) indicates that the CUPO technology using
Indonesia's LRC and PFAD economically feasible if the production cost less than US$
19.146.
56 | ISMCT 2021
ROOM C: MINING
58 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.01
Batusatam physical and chemical properties

review: A billitonite tektite in Eastern
Belitung Island, Indonesia
D G Harbowo1,2,3*, M Afdareva1, V Inggrid1, S Sumardi4

1
Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Indonesia
2
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Geodynamic Research Group,
Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Indonesia
3
Global Geopark and Astrotourism Innovation Research Center,
4
Research Unit for Mineral Processing, Indonesian Institute of
Sciences (LIPI), Lampung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Batusatam considers as billitonite, a rare Australian strewnfield tektite.

Regrettably, the scientific information of this object slightly, especially about the
origin, the process of formation, and its uniqueness in the earth's geological history.
This paper reviewed the physical and chemical properties of unearthing Batusatam in
eastern Belitung Island, Indonesia. Physical properties are examining based on object
shape, surface texture pattern, dimensions, volume, mass, density, and hardness. We
also analyzed major and minor elements using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and
compared them with another Australian tektite. Rod and tear-drop-shape, the unique
shapes of Batusatam, were discovered. It had a higher FexOy, CaO, MnO proportion.
Also, Sn (tin) is present significantly compared to other tektites. This significant
uniqueness of billitonite could clarify its origin, formation process, and role as a
geoheritage.
Paper ID: C.02
Multiple source rare earth element

enrichment in Manamas volcanic rock,
Timor Island
A J Widiatama1,2*, H C Natalia1,2, R Ikhram1, L D Santy3,

J Wahyudiono3, L R S Wiguna1 and S Faranabila1
1
Geological Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Ryacudu
Passage Road, South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
2
Center of Geoscience and Mineral Technology, Institut
Teknologi Sumatera, Ryacudu Passage Road, South Lampung,
Lampung, Indonesia
3
Centre for Geological Survey, Geological Agency, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources, Diponegoro Road 57 Bandung,
West Java, Indonesia.
*
Abstract. Manamas volcanic rock exposed in Bihati River, Baun, Timor consist of
two different type basalt, alkaline basalt and sub alkaline basalt. Analysis using
ICPMS method shown enrichment in large ion lithophile element and high field
strength element. Subalkaline basalt have N-MORB patterns and alkaline basalt have
OIB patterns. The Nb element is relatively impoverished indicates influence of
subduction activities. Thorium and uranium elements also show significant
enrichment, due to sedimentary rocks contamination or continental crust or or directly
from the asthenosphere due to magma upwelling. The two distinctive pattern
interpreted due to slab tear phenomenon beneath Timor Island during Australia
oceanic plate subduction and recycled oceanic crust beneath Banda Arc.
60 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.03
Characteristics of polymetallic enrichment

on oceanic red bed in Matano Formation,
Baturubei, Central Sulawesi
A J Widiatama1,3*, A Fahruddin2 and L D Santy2

1
Geological Engineering Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Ryacudu
Passage Road, South Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia
2
Centre for Geological Survey, Geological Agency, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources,
Jalan Diponegoro No. 57 Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
3
Center of Geoscience and Mineral Technology, Institut
Teknologi Sumatera, Ryacudu Passage Road, South Lampung,
Lampung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The Matano Formation on Sulawesi Island has Cretaceous Oceanic Red
Bed facies consisting two different facies, radiolarites facies and red clay facies.
Radiolarites facies grouped as Si-ORB, dominated by siliceous pelagics bioclastic and
deposited under oxic environment. The red clay facies grouped as Al-ORB, the
components dominated by hemipelagic material with small amount of silica shelled
pelagic and deposited under reduction environment. Red clay facies has higher
enrichment elements V, Ni, Zn, and La than radiolarites facies. Red clay facies has
enrichment factor (EF) compared to average shale shown EF Ti = 0.86, EF K = 1.21,
EF Mg = 1.29, and EF La = 2.14. Oceanic red bed facies of Matano formation
deposited in basin plain environment below carbonate compensation depth in a
passive margin tectonic setting.
Paper ID: C.04
Identification of zeolite in Lampung

Formation using electrical resistivity
tomography (ERT) method: A case study
Campang Tiga, South Lampung Regency
A Farduwin1*, P G Lumbatoruan1, Karyanto2 and D Triyanto3

1
Teknik Geofisika Institut Teknologi Sumatera
2
Teknik Geofisika Unversitas Lampung
3
PT Mahakarya Abadi Perkasa
*
Abstract. Zeolite is an industrial material or non-metallic mineral that is formed from

the diagenesis process of tuff. This material has many benefits such as an absorber,
ion exchange, molecular filter and as a catalyst. Currently, zeolites are widely used in
various fields including horticultural, agricultural, household, industrial, water and
wastewater management. Due to the increasing use of zeolites, it is estimated that the
demand for zeolites will increase in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a
survey to determine the potential of zeolites in an area. Campang Tiga is an area with
quite a lot of zeolite potential and is exposed on the surface along with tuffs from the
Lampung Formation. To estimate the zeolite potential in this area, we carried out ERT
measurements to determine the distribution and depth of the tuff layer associated with
the zeolite. Measurements were made in 3 lines with an electrode spacing of 6 m using
a dipoledipole configuration. From the results of ERT data processing, it was found
that the zeolites in the Campang Tiga area were located at a depth of up to ~ 10 m and
were getting thicker towards the east until they reached a depth of ~ 20 m. The results
of this interpretation have been combined with the results of measurements of the
resistivity value of zeolites that we have carried out in the laboratory. Laboratory test
results present that the zeolite resistivity value ranges from 20-300 Ωm.
62 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.05
Enhanced processing of magnetic data for

delineating lithological boundary and
geological structure of the epithermal gold
mineralization control system: A case study
of the Cibaliung Area, Indonesia
W E Junian1*, A Y Paembonan1, H Y Hutami1 and

M A Wicaksono2
1 Geophysics for Natural Resources Research Center, Geophysical
Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, South
Lampung 35365
2 Geomin and Technology Development Unit, PT. Antam Tbk,
Tanjung Barat, Jakarta 12530
*
Abstract. Cibaliung is an area that is traversed by the Au-Ag-Cu mineralization

pathway to the low to intermediate sulfide epithermal system. We implemented
techniques of first vertical derivative (FHD), vertical derivative (VD), second vertical
derivative (SVD), analytic signal (SA), and tilt angle (TA) to delineate the probable
gold deposits by the lithology contact and structures that control epithermal gold
mineralization systems in the area. The results show that high continuity of anomaly
contrast in the direction of Northwest (NW), North-Northwest (NNW), and North-
Northeast (NNE) is presumed to be the targeted geological structure of the study area.
Furthermore, the contrast value of magnetic anomaly represented the lithology contact
which lies in the direction of the West and the East of the area.
Paper ID: C.06
Hydrology model establishment of pit lake:

Extreme event rainfall data analysis
M A Danasla1*, G J Kusuma2, E J Tuheteru2,3, R S Gautama2

1
Institut Teknologi Sumatera Jl. Terusan Ryacudu, Way Huwi,
Kec. Jati Agung, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, 35365, Indonesia
2
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Lebak
Siliwangi Kec. Coblong, Kota Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
3
Universitas Trisakti, Jalan Kyai Tapa No. 1 Grogol Kec. Grogol
Petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, 11440, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Analysis of water management in the pit lake is divided into two conditions,
namely Continuous Events and Extreme Events. Continuous Event is an analysis of
pit lake management related to water filling in a pit lake that takes place continuously.
Meanwhile, the Extreme Event is an analysis of pit lake management related to the
possibility of extreme conditions that will occur, including extreme rainfall. In this
study only focused on Extreme Event conditions. The Gumbel method is used to
calculate the planned return period rainfall T in relation to the prediction of extreme
rainfall. Meanwhile, for a certain return period rainfall intensity can be predicted using
the Mononobe formula. Based on the result of calculation of the Gumbel method show
that the planned rainfall for a return period of 10 years is 132.9 mm / day. Then based
on the results of the calculation of rainfall intensity using the Mononobe formula, it is
obtained that the intensity of rainfall for a return period of 10 years with a
concentration time of 5 minutes is 241.5 mm / hour, while the amount of rainfall
intensity with a concentration time of 300 minutes or 5 hours is 15.8 mm. /hour.
64 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.07
Mining disposal erosion evaluation: A case

study
Y S Novianti1*, U Saismana1, Y Yuhanes2 and H N Fikri1

1
Study Program Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Lambung Mangkurat University
2
PT Bela Putra Perkasa
*
Abstract. Overburden stockpile is the primary consideration in the reclamation

process in mining activities especially in overburden stockpile (mining disposal). This
study can determine the rate of erosion and level of erosion danger in the mining
disposal using distribution of water flow. This research makes disposal into three parts
based on the pattern of runoff flow distribution model. Using the universal soil loss
equation in three areas obtained for erosion values for each section are 76 ton/ha/year,
134 tons /ha/year, and 50 ton/ha/year. These three sections are under the level of
moderate and light danger of erosion. Based on the three revised improvements to
three parts of disposal that may be done is to change some parts of the calculation on
USLE. Recommendation one is a condition of land cover does not change, and
conservation change; second recommendation is with changes in land cover, but
conservation does not change; and evaluation three is with conditions of land cover
and conservation are change. The result of improvements obtained from the value of
the erosion rate is using the assessment in recommendation two which makes the
erosion hazardous level in the range of very mild with an average value of under 10
ton/ha/year.
Paper ID: C.08
Planning of drainage system at Beruang

Block in PT. Perkasa Inakakerta, East Kutai
Regency, Province of East Borneo
M Dewi
Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan
Abstract. The location of research is administratively located in Bengalon District,

East Kutai Regency. One of the important activities carried out in a mining business
is the mine drainage system. The research objective is to control runoff water entering
the pit area therefore it requires a good drainage system so as not to interfere with
mining activities, namely production or other impacts such as contamination of runoff
water that has the potential to become waste to locations outside the mining area. The
planned rainfall for two years is 341.67 mm / day. Based on the results of the study,
it was obtained a concentration time of 2.37 hours, rainfall intensity of 41.06 mm /
hour, a flow coefficient of 0.9 and a rain catchment area of 1.52 km2 so that the runoff
discharge that entered the sump was 44.38 m3 / hour and the sump volume is 105.07
m3. Water in the sump is pumped out of the pit using 1 Allight HL 150MHD-IT pump
with a capacity of 1 pump, namely 50 m / s. To remove water that is in the sump for
1 day by seeing the occurrence of rain for 1 time.
66 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.09
Reduction of blasting result with line

drilling and buffer holes methods
Dhion Pradatama, Chani Pradasara and M. Syafiq Isnaya

Technical Services Engineer, PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia
*
Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected]
Abstract. PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia is one of the largest mining service companies
that provides blasting services and sales of explosives in Indonesia. PT Putra Perkasa
Abadi Jobsite Borneo Indobara is one of PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia's customers who
is facing challenges in optimizing blasting activities. Currently, blasting activities at
PT Putra Perkasa Abadi Jobsite Borneo Indobara are carried out within 500m of the
active slope, so that the blasting distance is optimized. In optimizing the blasting
distance, it is necessary to maintain slope conditions (no underbreak / no overbreak)
and to consider the vibration of blasting results on the slopes. The condition of the
rock formation, which is dominated by sandy and clay rock, is a challenge for this
experiment. The line drilling method was chosen for the blasting trial stage. In the
observation activity, an analysis of the resulting blasting and fragmentation vibrations
was carried out. Precise planning and good control in field operations play an
important role in this experimental process. Based on the results of the blasting trial,
no damage was found in the area 25m - 100m from the blasting location and a 10 -
20% reduction in blasting vibration results (Peak Vector Sum) was obtained when
compared between normal blasting designs with controlled blasting designs. Together
with the improvement of the analysis of vibration values and managing the impact of
vibrations, the results of these trials are the key to the success of the team together in
maintaining slope stability.
Paper ID: C.10
Lowest range density optimization of

emulsion explosive in coal mining blasting
activities
M Arbi1*, P Manullang1 and Slamet Rachman Jaka2

1
Technical Services Engineer, PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia
2
Technical Services Manager, PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia
*
Abstract. PT Multi Nitrotama Kimia is a mining service company engaged in

providing blasting services and the largest sales of explosives in Indonesia.On a far
more optimal side, the development of commodity price conditions and operational
needs is a common concern. From these conditions, one of the best target cost controls
for blasting and fragmentation is to make adjustments to the quality and quantity of
the use of bulk products. Heterogeneous rock conditions are one of the challenges in
blasting operations. This of course will have an impact on the use of bulk products.
The high use of bulk products at the Kideco Jaya Agung Jobsite is of particular
concern, especially for rocks that require a high powder factor value, thereby
increasing blasting operation costs. From this condition, PT.Multi Nitrotama Kimia
strives to reduce the use of bulk products by 8.7% without reducing the energy
resulting from blasting. With an improved approach to optimizing the bottom value
of density product emulsion MNKMax 70 using chemical improvement from the
previous 1.15 gr/cc to 1.05 gr/cc. This improvement has brought good results, where
optimization in terms of blasting quality such as fragmentation and Velocity of
Detonation (VOD) values are still in accordance with product standards.
68 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.11
Preliminary modeling for module estimation

on the UCG Project, PT. Kideco Jaya Agung
Zulfahmi1,*, M Huda1, B Sirait1, A Maulana2 and A Lubis2

1
R & D Center for Mineral and Coal Technology,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 623 Bandung, Indonesia.
2
PT. Kideco Jaya Agung, Batukajang-Batusopang Kalimantan
Timur-Indonesia
*
Abstract. Selecting an appropriate site for underground coal gasification (UCG) and
planning the dimensions of the coal seam module is the initial work from the UCG
feasibility study. Determination of the volume and amount of coal that will be
converted into gas and coal that must be left as a rock buffer to minimize land
subsidence is an integral part of that study. The coal seam module consists of the coal
area to be gasified as panels and the coal area to be left as pillars. The location plan
for UCG is on pit SMA-C and SM-D, concession area of PT. Kideco Jaya Agung
(KJA). The coal reserves that will become the UCG project at that location are no
longer suitable both for surface and underground mining. 2D and 3D geotechnical
simulations have been carried and 3 modules models have been made with each panel
dimension is 380m in length, 150m in width and 18m thick. The variations of the
pillars are 40m, 50m, 60m and 70m wide. From 2D modeling, a safe value of critical
strength reduction factor is 0.25, the highest deformation that occurs on the surface in
this condition if the width of the pillar is 50m for the SMA-C and SM-D site is 0.04m
and 0.03 each. If the strength reduction value is increased to 0.37, the deformation on
the surface at SMA-C is 0.36 and 13.5, respectively. From the 3D modeling results, if
it is assumed that the velocity of the UCG reactor hole rate is 0.24 m / day until it
reaches the final target length of the reactor hole 380m, the maximum deformation of
the soil surface at the SMA-C and SM-D locations is 0.074m and 0.096m,
respectively.
Paper ID: C.12
Geotechnical structure interpretation from

HIRAT at Mamput Block, Kapuas Regency-
Center of Borneo
Zulfahmi* and Z Pulungan

*
Abstract. Coal in the Mamput block, Kapuas Regency, Center of Kalimantan has
high calorie kindly of sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous coal with the CV
value is 5030 - 6970 kcal/kg (ar). Even in one of the sectors at this block on several
seam coal, the coal is classified as soft and hard coking coal. To exploit the seams
coal has planned by surface mining for the seam near the surface and underground
mining if the coal seams is too deep. One of the considerations that need to be
considered in carrying out mining is the geotechnical conditions by taking into
account the orientation of the bedding structures and other discontinuity. Observations
of the structural conditions can be done on the surface or through drill core
observation. However, if there is no free vertical plane that can be observed on the
surface and the core observation is difficult to find the direction and slope, then the
televiewer technology is used. In the location, borehole televiewer observation has
done at several exploration boreholes using High-Resolution Acoustic Televiewer
(HIRAT). The HIRAT is the apparatus log that is an accurate and reliable method of
recording structural data and is widely used in exploration. Analysis of the structural
conditions was carried out with a reading density of 0.20 m. The observations show
that the discontinuity plane is generally trending to Northeast - Southwest, with dip
generally below 30°. The results of the structural interpretation of the borehole have
various features that is bedding plane, filled fracture/joint, minor/major open joint,
broken zone, and washout.
70 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.13
The effect of rock permeability value on

groundwater influx in underground coal
gasification (Case study: Macang Sakti
Village, South Sumatera
N Madiutomo
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 623 Bandung, Indonesia
Abstract. Rock permeability value as one of rock's physical properties is one of the
most significant factors that affect groundwater influx processes in the application of
underground coal gasification technology (UCG) is the value of rock permeability
(K), (Rosen, M.A, B.V and Reddy, S.J., 2018) namely the vertical permeability of
flanking rocks (Kv) and horizontal permeability of coal (Kh). The purpose of this
study was to determine the extent of the influence of the value of rock permeability to
the potential of groundwater influx into the cavity of the UCG gasification reactor
before and after the thermal load. The heating of rock layers is simulated with variable
temperatures between 100 - 600 °C and takes 4 hours. After warming, physical
changes occur in rocks, rock deformation, darker colors and flanking rock structures
around the cavity (Dvornikova, E.V, Canada, 2018). The permeability value of the
flanking rock has changed, so that it affects the potential entry of groundwater into
the cavity of the UCG gasifier reactor. Lithology of sandstone with a heating
temperature of 100-500 °C, the permeability value decreased from 1,244E-02 cm / s
to 2,377E-06 cm / s, strengthened and and more compact. In general, mineral
compositions are quartz, siderite, anortite, monmorillonite, kaolinite, ilite. Heating
temperature of 600 °C the rock structure experienced cracks and the permeability
value increased from 1,302E-06 cm / s to 1,853E-05 cm / s. Siltstone lithology with a
heating temperature of 100 - 400 °C, the permeability value decreases from 1,108E-
03 cm / s to 8,409E-06 cm / s, strengthening and more compact. In general, the
composition is quartz, kaolinite and ilite. At 500 °C the sample was destroyed, but at
600 °C the value of silt permeability increased from 1,302E-06 cm / s to 1,853E-05
cm / s. Lithology of claystone with a heating temperature of 200 °C, the permeability
value decreased from 1,203E-05 cm / s to 1,097E-06 cm / s. In general, mineral
compositions are quartz, siderite, kaolinite and ilite. Groundwater discharge into the
UCG gasification reactor cavity at room temperature is 3,306-02 m3 / s, while
groundwater discharge at 100°C – 500°C is relatively smaller. While groundwater
discharge at a temperature of 600°C increased by 6,424E-02 m3 / s. The effect of rock
permeability on groundwater influx into the UCG gasification reactor cavity in the
presence of thermal loads and mineral composition content is large and significant to
consider. Based on the resistance to heat loads, the type of sandstone lithology is
relatively more resistant compared to siltstone and claystone lithology.
72 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.14
Slope stability and bearing capacity analysis

of disposal in open pit coal mining
B Sirait
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623 Bandung 40211, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Open-pit mine is a mining method by excavating overburden strata to get

coal seam near the surface. One of potential hazard often occur in mining area is slope
failure. The hazard can be prevented by performing geotechnical study. The study is
required to provide recommendations regarding safe design of slope geometries in
both open-pit and disposal sites. This paper produce information related to the results
of slope stability analysis especially on the disposal embankment. The analysis is
performed by using the limit equilibrium method. It is also produce the bearing
capacity analysis of subsurface strata in disposal site. The analysis is carried out to
determine the ability of the strata to burden the load of disposal embankment above.
The location was selected in a site of open-pit coal mine in Indonesia. The results will
become consideration for management in designing slope disposal and choosing the
location of disposal facilities.
Paper ID: C.15
Assessing slope failures in coal mining using

kinematic analysis
B Sirait
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623 Bandung 40211, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Slope stability analysis is one of the important issues on open-pit mining.
It is directly influence mining operation and cost. It is also become a primary need to
prevent slope failures that disturbing production activity. Failures in slope is
controlled by some factors such as slope dimension, geological structures, physical
and mechanical properties of slope material, and the external forces acting on the
slope. This paper is published to present the study results on the prediction of slope
stability analysis by using kinematic analysis. The study was conducted to predict the
potential slope failures that could occur at the selected mine site. The site was chosen
on one of the location of open pit coal mine in Indonesia. Some observation points are
determined in order to show types of failure that have the potential to occur, such as
plane and wedge failure.
74 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.16
Fitting the variogram model using the root

mean square error on the calculation of
nickel laterite resources
B Anggara, I Marwanza*, M A Azizi, W Dahani and

Subandrio
Department of Mining Engineering, Trisakti University,
Jl. Kyai Tapa No. 1, RT. 6/RW. 16, Kel. Grogol, Kec. Grogol
Petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The trend of nickel mining will increase in the future because it cannot be
denied that the nickel commodity is getting popular due to its role as one of the raw
materials for battery manufacture. Besides, the nickel price is increasing to move up
day by day. It is estimated that this trend will continue for the next 2 - 3 years and
reaching its peak when the factories that process the raw material for electric vehicle
batteries are established. For this reason, the nickel mining companies are competing
to explore new nickel deposits. The research location in this study is a nickel laterite
mine in Eastern Indonesia and is currently undergoing detailed exploration and
resource estimation. To obtain an accurate amount of resources, it is necessary to
apply an accurate and validated estimation method to gain data that are in line with
the actual conditions. Therefore, this study uses a geostatistical method that takes into
account the spatial relationship of each data using a variogram which is validated by
the cross-validation method and the root mean square error so that accurate estimation
results can be obtained. In this study, resources are classified based on the value of
kriging efficiency. From the results of the root mean square error analysis, the most
suitable variogram model for nickel content in the limonite and saprolite layers is the
exponential variogram model. In addition, the values of root mean square error for
nickel content in the limonite and saprolite layers were 0.021883697 and 0.098161684
respectively. The result of the estimation of nickel laterite resources using the ordinary
kriging method is approximately 1.6 million tons. Meanwhile, the results of the
classification of nickel resources based on the kriging efficiency show that the
measured amount of resources is 485 thousand tons, the indicated amount of resources
is 373 thousand tons, and the inferred amount of resources is 733 thousand tons.
Paper ID: C.17
The impacts of increasing the airflow rate

on the heat spread of load-haul-dump
machines at the work front of an
underground mine
D R Kaiyandra, R Yulianti* and P N Hartami

Department of Mining Engineering, Trisakti University, Jl. Kyai
Tapa No. 1, RT. 6/RW. 16, Kel. Grogol, Kec. Grogol Petamburan,
Kota Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
*
Abstract. In the mining process, mining companies use various mining tools to assist
the process of extracting valuable materials. One of them is the load-haul-dump
(LHD) machine, which is used for the mine production process. Although this tool is
very helpful in the production process, it also has drawbacks. This tool emits heat
which can affect the air temperature in the mine tunnel and can cause a decrease in
the comfort of mineworkers, which then has an impact on mine productivity. One of
the methods that can be carried out to overcome this problem is to increase the amount
of airflow. Therefore, this study aims to find out the impacts of increasing airflow on
the heat spread of the operated LHD machines. The results of this study are expected
to provide a method to reduce temperature visually and can be used as a
recommendation for temperature reduction in the future. In spreading heat, the
researchers applied a tunnel model made using ANSYS Fluent software. The results
indicated that the increase of the airflow rate can reduce the temperature on the work
front when the LHD machines are operating and can affect the head spread.
76 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.18
Effects of hydrothermal alteration type on

rock mass strength in Bolaang Mongondow,
North Sulawesi
F M Wongkar1, P N Hartami1*, B Nugroho1 and R Rumapar2

1
Department of Mining Engineering, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta,
Indonesia
2
Department Geotechnical, PT J Resources Bolaang Mongondow
*
Abstract. The slope of the research location is heterogeneous so it has a variety rock
mass strength value. This paper aims to determine the influence of hydrothermal
alteration types on the quality of rock mass and internal friction angle as one of the
characteristics of the strength of a rock mass. The research was conducted using the
window mapping method. The mapping results are divided into 44 segments, along
450 meters. There are 3 types of hydrothermal alteration found in the research area:
argilic, advanced argilic, and silicic. The distribution of rock mass classification based
on Rock Mass Rating (RMR) show that argilic alteration has dominated by class III,
advanced argillic has dominated by class III, and all area of silicic are class II. The
internal friction angle was obtained by Roclab software using failure criteria Hoek
and Brown (2002) are as follows argilic alteration of 44°, advanced argilic of 49,
silicic of 55°. Kinematic analysis using Dips v5.1 software, shows that argilic
alteration with a lower internal friction angle than silicic is relatively more potential
to failure. It can be concluded that the changes in the minerals composition of the rock
due to hydrothermal alteration have an effect on the quality of the rock mass, and the
strength of the mass.
Paper ID: C.19
Technical analysis of shovel working time

towards interburden production
achievement in open pit coal mine
V S Wulandari, M K Herdyanti* and P N Hartami

Mining Engineering Department, Faculty of Earth Technology and
Energy, Universitas Trisakti,
Jalan Kyai Tapa No.1, Tomang, Grogol Petamburan, West Jakarta
11440
*
Abstract. Digger production can be affected by several factors, such as tool working
time and working conditions. The inaccessibility of the digger production at one of
the mining operations in Melak, South Kalimantan, is the basis for this research, which
aims to find the causes of the inadequate production and the efforts to make
improvements. In this case study, target production not achieved because of the high
delay due to the long truck maneuvering time. Therefore, improvements were made
to the loading point width and the loading method to be double-side loading. In
addition, a digger working time simulation is performed based on secondary data. As
a result, there is an increase in productivity and production achievement due to the
improvements made.
78 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: C.20
Factors that cause contamination on the

results of laterite nickel drilling (Case study
at PT. Bintang Delapan Mineral)
Fadli* and Ardiawan

Mining Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Technology, UPN Veteran
Yogyakarta
*
Abstract. Drilling activities in mining are generally used to obtain samples of a

mineral, where the samples obtained are used to obtain accurate data. Therefore, this
study was conducted to determine the factors causing the contamination of the laterite
nickel drilling results. The core is a sample in the laterite zone where it is obtained
from the drilling results which will then be sent to the preparation. Core contamination
is the mixing of materials with the core sample obtained, which is caused by several
factors, namely water, polymer, core lifter, splitter, core box, core splitting knife,
sampling spoon, blending table, razor knife, and putty knife. Where these factors can
affect the value of the core sample at the time of chemical analysis. To maintain
contamination, what must be done is to pay attention to the appropriateness of the
tools and cleanliness of the tools before use, so that they can provide accurate data as
expected.
80 | ISMCT 2021
ROOM D: ENVIRONMENT
82 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.01
1-Dimensional numerical modelling of

unsaturated water flow and oxygen diffusion
in overburden material column using
hydrus 1-D
Jarwinda1*, A Badhurahman2, G J Kusuma2,3 and

R S Gautama2,3
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Industrial and Production
Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera
2
Centre of Research Excellence in Mining Environment and Mine
Closure (CoRE MEMC), Faculty of Mining and Petroleum
Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung
*
Abstract. Coal mining activities, especially dumping activity of overburden material

can pose negative impact into the environment. One of the negative impacts is acid
mine drainage, which is characterized as low pH water with high sulphate and metal
content which produced from sulphidic-bearing overburden material with oxygen and
water. In unsaturated condition, which both of gaseous and water phases are exist,
acid mine drainage is generated. This study aims to characterize and model the water
flow in unsaturated zone and diffusion of oxygen of overburden material using
software Hydrus 1-D as a preliminary study of further study in the laboratory to
explain the acid mine drainage generation. the result shows that water content varies
within depth and time elapsed and affecting linearly the effective oxygen diffusivity
of overburden material. It is evident that water content varies within depth and time
elapsed. The overburden material of 75 cm depth is expected to be saturated between
T10 and T11, i.e. between 32400 minutes and 36000 minutes. Diffusivity of oxygen
is linearly correlated with water content of the overburden material at any given time
and depth, and varies between 1.34 × 10-7 m2/s and 8.80 × 10-12 m2/s. This study
shows that diffusivity of oxygen in water is much smaller than that in water by factor
ten-thousands, thus redox condition inside overburden column is expected to be
shifted from oxic into anoxic condition as the effective diffusivity of oxygen
decreased and oxygen availability/content inside overburden material is shrinking.in
the effect of saturation into generation of acid mine drainage.
Paper ID: D.02
Characterization of potential mercury

contamination in the ASGM area of
Mandailing Natal, North Sumatera
H Astika1*, S Handayani1, R Damayanti1, W Surono1,

Maryono1, M Suciyanti1 and H A Octaviano2
1
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources,
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman 623 Bandung, Indonesia
2
Directorate of Mineral and Coal Engineering and Environment,
Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo 10, Jakarta Selatan
*
Abstract. A large amount of Hg is used for gold extraction through the amalgamation
process in the Mandailing Natal derived from artisanal and small scale gold mining
(ASGM) area located in the North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. There is a
possibility of a very serious impact on the ecosystems, as well as on the health of
miners and inhabitants, mainly due to the very old traditional methods used in the gold
recovery from the ASGM operation. The objective of this work was to characterize
the potential contamination of total Hg in water, sediments, and soil in this ASGM
area. Results showed that there was atmospheric deposition of Hg in the study area.
Accumulation of this metal in the studied soils and sediments was the highest, but Hg
in aquatic solution was below the detection limit of the analytical method of the
studied community wells and rivers. The highest concentration of Hg was found in
the river sediments of the Saba Padang irrigation (1,63 mg/kg), and in the soil of
plantation area of Huta Bargot (1,62 mg/kg) respectively. These concentrations may
pose a serious problem for aquatic and land life, related ecosystems and human health.
For further study, there is a need to study Hg availability in riverine biota to better
understand the cycling of Hg in this ASGM area. Understanding the ecological
impacts can assist in the prioritising of impact mitigation efforts.
84 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.03
Thiosulfate - An environmental friendly

reagent used for processing the gold ores
from North Minahasa
T Wahyudi1*, A Guntara2 and E Yustanti3

1
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology (tekMIRA),
Jl.Jend. Sudirman 623 Bandung, Jawa Barat 40211
2
Welding Study Center,
Jl. Mercedes Benz No. 5 Tlajung Udik, Gunung Putri, Bogor,
Jawa Barat
3
Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University,
Jl.Jend. Sudirman KM 3 Cilegon 42435 Banten
*
Abstract. Retaining high selling price, gold is one of the natural minerals. The
material is largely exploited. In nature, the gold is normally associated with its host,
either sulfides or silicates. Yet it needs a special technique to separate the gold from
its host economically, effectively and environmental friendly. Cyanidation and
amalgamation are two methods that are currently used for gold leaching. However,
the two methods perform disadvantages to the environment and health. Referring to
such the facts, people try to search another alternative(s) to process the gold that has
an environmental friendly character. Among the ligands, thiosulfate that has an ability
to form a complex compound with the gold is promising. A series of experiment
regarding gold leaching using thiosulfate had been conducted. Prior to be leached, the
gold ore was prepared into -140+200 # in size. Rolling bottle technique was applied
to leach the gold by varying its concentration into 0.5, 1 and 1.5 M for 24 hours. The
leaching was conducted at room temperature keeping the percent solid of 20, 30 and
40%. Sampling was managed at 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The best extraction was
obtained at the experiment with a concentration of 1 M thiosulfate, 30% percent solid
and 4-hour leaching time. The derived gold using such a condition was 66.7568%.
Paper ID: D.04
Cultivation and utilization of the bio-organo

mineral as a soil conditioner for the hard
crops
B A Supriyanto1*, E Pranoto2, T Wahyudi1* and M Rochimi3

1
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 623 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
2
Tea and Quinine Research Centre
Mekar Sari Pasirjambu kabupaten Bandung
3
Soil Science Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas
Padjadjaran
*
Corresponding authors: [email protected];
[email protected]
Abstract. The fact that Indonesia retains extensive plantation area results in relatively
high in the need of fertilizer either mineral-based, organic-based or biological-based
fertilizers. The material of mineral-based fertilizer can be fulfilled from phosphate
rocks, dolomite and leucite at which its resources are scattered in Sumatera, Java
through Papua. The research objective is making a formula for making economical
complex soil conditioner of bio-organo mineral that is capable to provide a good result
for tea, coffee and cacao plantations. The formula of this soil conditioner (SC) for tea
yields (coded as TM), coffee, and immature cacao plants (TBM) was made by mixing
the urea (nitrogen carrier), phosphate (phosphor carrier), leucite (potassium carrier)
and kieserite (magnesium carrier) with the ratio of 25:7:12:3. The need of
microbiology component and organic material is 10% of the SC quantity per
application. The applied microbe refers to the liquid one and the used organic material
belongs to the mixture of liquid and solid materials. The experiments conducted to the
tea plantation at Block B5 showed the amount of harvested dormant leaves was 3.37
kg/100 m2 while the control yielded 2.29 kg/100 m2. There is a difference around 1.08
kg/100 m2 or 47%. The amount of Peko shoots at Block B5 was 19.82 g/100 m2 when
using such the soil conditioner while the control had 14.89 g/100 m2 performing the
difference of 4.93 kg/ 100 m2 or 33% while at Block A10, using such a soil
conditioner, the amount of harvested dormant shoot was 3.29 kg/100 m2. There is a
difference around 2.24 kg/100m2 or 7%. At Block A, the amount of Peko shoot was
18.25 g/100 m2 while the control acquiesced 15,05 gr/100m2 – the difference of both
was 3,2 kg/100m2 or 21%. The growth of Arabica coffee plant using bio-organo
86 | ISMCT 2021
mineral soil conditioner (BIOM-SC) during three months increased from 16.4 cm to
25.48 cm while the increase of the plant height is only 8.2 cm or 6.1 when using the
NPK fertilizer. Compared to the used of the NPK as its fertilizer, the Robusta grew
from 25.4 cm to 28.5 cm when using the BIOM-SC. The used of NPK as a fertilizer
only improved the height from 24.4 cm to 26.8 cm. The used of BIOM-SC provided
7% of height compared to those used the NPK. The BIOM-SC could increase the
height of cacao plant around 11.4 cm (from 21 cm to 32.4 cm) in three months while
the NPK only was only grown from 20.5 cm to 31.4 cm or 4% compared to those
using the NPK.
Paper ID: D.05
Characterization of amalgamation tailings

from ASGM in Sekotong Area, West Nusa
Tenggara, and its potential added value
A Wahyudi*, W Surono, I Rodliyah, and H E Mamby

*
Abstract. Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia still use
mercury in amalgamation process to extract gold form the ores. The process produces
gold in an easy way but at the same time produces very dangerous mercury waste. In
this study, a comprehensive series of tests was carried out on amalgamation tailings
from ASGM in Sekotong area, West Nusa Tenggara. The tailings contain mercury up
to 150 ppm, above the safe threshold, and gold up to 20 ppm which is intended to be
recovered. Furthermore, mineral liberation analysis (MLA) and gravity recoverable
gold (GRG) test were performed to determine the feasibility of recovering gold from
the tailings.
88 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.06
Mitigation in erosion control and

management of ex-mining water through
land revegetation and sustainable
environmental management technologies
E Istiqomah, R Aryanto* and T T Purwiyono

Department of Mining Engineering, Trisakti University
Jl. Kyai Tapa No.1, RT.6/ RW.16, Kel. Grogol, Kec. Grogol
Petamburan, Kota Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta, 11440, Indonesia
*
Abstract. In the open pit mining system that is being carried out by a company in the
mining sector with gold and silver commodities, PT Citra Palu Minerals, land opening
can cause soil erosion which can lead to soil sedimentation, increased turbidity of
water that will be released into the environment, and potential entry. soil eroded into
the tailings pond at the Dry Tailing Management Facility. Therefore, further action is
needed to control erosion and sedimentation as well as water management so that the
water to be released into the environment is in accordance with environmental quality
standards that have been set by the government. Before determining and controlling
erosion, it is necessary to know the rate of erosion that occurs at the research location,
in this study the USLE method was used to predict the rate of erosion with the results
obtained, namely 17.07 tonnes / ha on the North DTMF slopes and 21.04 tonnes. / ha
for DTMF South slopes. To reduce the rate of erosion, it is necessary to control
erosion by revegetation of the land, create a water drainage system to the
sedimentation pond and treat the collected water using biofytoremediation of land
with the use of chemicals to accelerate the deposition process, constructed swamp
forest to the latest sustainable technology recommended by the Institute of Sciences.
Indonesian Knowledge (LIPI).
Paper ID: D.07
The adsorption of Fe (II) and Mn (II) in acid

mine drainage using various granular sizes
of activated carbon and temperatures
Suliestyah1*, P N Hartamai1, I P Sari2 and E Alexander1

1
Department of Mining, Faculty of Earth and Energy Technology,
Trisakti University, Jakarta
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial
Technology, Trisakti University, Jakarta
*
Abstract. Acid mine drainage (AMD) from coal mining activities contains Fe and Mn
at concentrations that exceed environmental quality requirements. This study aims to
determine the effect of the size of the coal material and temperature on the adsorption
process of Fe and Mn metals contained in acid mine drainage using activated carbon
made with a composition of 60% coal and 40% ZnCl2. For characterizing activated
carbon in this study, the researchers employed surface morphological analysis using
a Scanning Electron Microscope. For measuring surface area, the researchers applied
the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. Meanwhile, for measuring Fe and Mn
concentrations, the researchers used atomic adsorption spectrophotometry. The
adsorption process was carried out by paying attention to various granular sizes of
activated carbon (20 mesh, 28 mesh, 35 mesh, 48 mesh, and 60 mesh) and temperature
(25°C, 35°C, 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C). The results showed that the maximum
adsorption of Fe was 100% occurred in the treatment with an activated carbon size of
60 mesh and a temperature of 45°C, while the maximum adsorption of Mn was
11.91% in the treatment with an activated carbon size of 60 mesh and a temperature
of 50°C. Furthermore, the activated carbon of coal is highly effective as an adsorbent
for Fe in AMD waste but less effective for Mn.
90 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.08
Treatment of acid mine drainage using coal

activated carbon on a laboratory scale based
on weight and contact time variation
Suliestyah1*, E J Tuheteru1, I P Sari2 and M W Fajar1

1
Department of Mining, Faculty of Earth and Energy Technology,
Trisakti University, Jakarta
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial
Technology, Trisakti University, Jakarta
*
Abstract: Low to medium calorie coal reserves dominate in Indonesia; with this
amount, the potential for coal synthesis into activated carbon is also huge. The
potential utilization of activated carbon from coal for processing acid mine drainage
is still developing. This research aims to see the effect of activated carbon on acid
mine drainage from coal mining on a laboratory scale using a weight basis and the
contact time between activated carbon and acid mine drainage. Take a sample at one
of the mining locations in East Kalimantan Province. The results showed the effect of
the weight of activated carbon on changes in the pH value, which indicated an increase
in pH from 2.19 to a decrease in Fe metal content from 45.2 ppm to 0.1 ppm and
decreased Mn metal content from 7.22 to 5.3. ppm. Activated carbon from coal is very
effective as an adsorbent for Fe metal but less effective for Mn metal.
Paper ID: D.09
The potency of rare earth elements and

yttrium in indonesian fly ash and bottom
ash (FABA) : “Case study from KNW-1 and
KNW-2 coal-fired power plant, Konawe,
Southeast Sulawesi”
M Farqhi1, D A A Besari1, F Anggara1,2* and H T B M Petrus2

1
Department of Geological Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2
Unconventional Geo-resources Research Group Faculty of
Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada;
*
Abstract: Fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), which when not utilized is considered
waste, has been regarded as the promising source of rare earth elements and yttrium
(REY) (Seredin and Dai, 2012; Franus, 2019) . REY have been recognized as critical
raw materials to several modern high-technology applications (Balaram, 2019). This
research aims to identify the potential resource of REY in FABA, by investigating
FABA samples from two different coal-fired power plant (KNW-1 and KNW-2) in
Konawe, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Geochemical composition of coal
FABA samples include major elements and REY determined by ICP-MS and ICP-
AES. The analyses of major elements in coal and FABA of all samples showed highest
concentration in SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, and MgO. The result of this study also
showed that individual REY contents in FABA from KNW-1 power plant are about
17 - 21 times higher than that in coal samples while FABA from KNW-2 power plant
are about 57 - 73 times higher than that in coal samples . The total REY content of
KNW-1’s coal sample (13.29 ppm) is higher thanKNW-2’s coal sample (4.88 ppm).
The total REY concentration in FABA from KNW-1 ranged from 227.34-276.41 ppm
while the total REY concentration in FABA from KNW-2 ranged from278.49-356.45
ppm. Total REO content of KNW-1 FABA samples ranged from 274.08-333.45ppm.
These values are lower than the REO content of the KNW-2 FABA samples whose
abundances range from 335.67-429.80 ppm. Calculation of the percentage critical
REY(30%≤REYdef≤51%) and coeffisien outlook (0.7≤Coutl≤1.9%), showed that
both FABA fromKNW-1 and KNW-2 power plant are potential for promising raw
material REY (Seredin and Dai, 2012).
92 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.10
Removal of mercury ion from wastewater

using natural zeolite: Effect of humic acid
L Prasakti* and A Prasetya

Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
*
Abstract. As Indonesia possesed considerable amount of gold deposit, many golds

mining activities, including the small-scale one, is commonly found. A simple mining
technique (amalgamation) which utilizes mercury (Hg) will generate mercury-
containing wastewater. One of the prospective Hg removal method from wastewater
is by adsorption. This experiment was aimed to examine adsorption process of Hg 2+
ion in the wastewater using natural zeolite. Effect of the presence of humic acid, which
might be found in wastewater, toward the adsorption capacity of Hg2+ onto natural
zeolite was investigated. The natural zeolite which contained several types of mineral
was obtained from Klaten, Central Java. The experiment was conducted using 10
mg/L HgCl2 as initial concentration and 10 mg/L humic acid A comprehensive study
which includes isotherm and kinetic study was carried out. Experimental results
showed that the presence of humic acid was found to reduce the capacity of Hg 2+
adsorption on natural zeolite. Freundlich isotherm model was found to be more
suitable to represent equilibrium adsorption data. Kinetic examination revealed that
pseudo-second order model was able to produce better agreement with experimental
data.
Paper ID: D.11
Wastewater treatment from recycling

process of LFP batteries using activated
carbon adsorption
L Prasakti1, A Prasetya1*, R M S D Suryohendrasworo1 and

S N S H Puteri1
1
Department of Chemical Engineering (Sustainable Mineral
Processing Research Group), Faculty of Engineering, Universitas
Gadjah Mada,
55281, Indonesia
*
Abstract. In 2025, the demand of Li-ion batteries is estimated to reach 400,000

tonnes. A strategic effort is needed especially in the battery industry to realize
sustainable use of Li-ion batteries. Spent batteries are being recycled using
hydrometallurgical process to collect the lithium. This purifying process consists of
leaching and precipitation which results in finding of lithium and sodium ions in the
wastewater. To use water efficiently, wastewater is projected to be reused in the
hydrometallurgical process. In order to do that, metal ions must be reduced from water
to meet quality standards. In this experiment, granular activated carbon (GAC) and
activated carbon block (CTO) were each used as the adsorbent in a 30 minutes
continuous system. Samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes on room
temperature. Based on the result, granular activated carbon’s highest percentage of
removal were 11.71% for lithium and 19.51% for sodium, and activated carbon
block’s highest percentage of removal were 10.33% for lithium and 14.65% for
sodium. It is observed from this experiment that the capacity of both adsorbents to
remove lithium and sodium ions decreased after 20 minutes.
94 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.12
Evaluation of coating performance on

carbon steel A 36 in copper concentrate
environment using electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy
A Fauzi
Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok-Indonesia
Abstract. The copper concentrate dewatering plant has an important role as a step end
in the copper mining process. The continuity of plant operation is very influenced by
the condition of buildings and facilities made of steel. Percentage of copper present in
the copper concentrate is in the range of 20 to 40 %. Thus, Chalcopyrite is preferable
to get large amount of copper at the end of the extraction. The presence of chalcopyrite
increases the corrosion rate of carbon steel through a galvanic couple. Probably the
most important step in coating selection is to evaluate the conditions under which the
coating must perform. In this study, five organic coating systems were evaluated for
their strength against consequent corrosion in the presence of copper concentrate by
electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. The coating system
studied was a single application epoxy coating from base layer to top layer (C1), a
three-layer epoxy system with zinc rich epoxy primer base coat, surface tolerant epoxy
middle layer and a top layer polyurethane (C2), a three-layer epoxy system that has
the advantages of fast dry time consist of epoxy zinc phosphate base coat primer, the
middle layer of the epoxy primer containing the pigment zinc phosphate and top layer
polyurethane (C3), Metallic pigmented polyurethane coating (C4) and an epoxy
coating which can be applied to wet surfaces or in water (C5), the Electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was tested. The test results showed that that C2, C3,
C4 and C5 coating systems maintained good barrier property during the immersion
process, the low frequency |Z| is more than 108 Ω.cm2 after 30 days in immersion
exposure. Epoxy modified coating (C1) had the lowest impedance with resistance
under 106 Ω.cm2 provide poor corrosion protection.
Paper ID: D.13
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation

of ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 adsorbent for methylene
blue removal in aqueous solutions
T Yuliana1*, N Nurlitasari1*, A Hardian1, S Budiman1, A

Murniati1, V A Kusumaningtyas1, and D G Syarif2
1
2
*
[email protected]
Abstract. Methylene blue dyes are widely used in textile, batik, plastic, paper, and
many other industries. The remain of methylene blue dyes in the textile waste is
hazardous for health and the environment. Therefore, it takes effort to deal with it.
One of the efforts is by the process of adsorption using adsorbents. In this study, the
adsorbent ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 was synthesized using the coprecipitation method using
NaOH as precipitant. Either ZrSiO4 or Fe2O3 was synthesized from Indonesia mineral
local zircon sand and jarosites, respectively. The composites of ZrSiO 4/Fe2O3 were
prepared in %mole variation, which is 75:25; 50:50; and 25:75. All obtained
composites were then characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD
analysis showed that the crystal structure formed was tetragonal for ZrSiO 4 and
hexagonal for Fe2O3 (also known as α-Fe2O3). Evaluation toward isotherm adsorption
and kinetic adsorption showed that the adsorption of MB using ZrSiO4/Fe2O3 follows
the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively.
Keywords-Adsorbent, composite ZrSiO4/Fe2O3, methylene blue.
96 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.14
Activity of Ceratophyllum demersum as a

phytoremediation agent in coal mining
waste management
V A Kusumaningtyas*, A Murniati, S Budiman, D Lupitasari*

and Melina
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
*
[email protected]
Abstract. Wastewater from activities coal mining is water originating from coal
mining activities which includes excavation, transportation and stockpiling well in
open pit mines or an underground mine, has an impact on environmental damage,
especially on agricultural cultivation. Severe metals Fe and Mn are among the highly
harmful pollutants which fair harmful effects on all existing things. The efforts to
overcome environmental pollution is phytoremediation. An aquatic plants can be used
as phytoremediation. One of species of aquatic plants is Ceratophyllum demersum.
The ability of C. demersum to reduce and transport pollutants marked by to produce
oxygen which is used for the survival of aquatic biota and to determine the effect of
temperature and sunlight intensity in photosynthesis. The Ingenhousz method with
three different treatments, placed in an open space, a closed space and using water
heated at 40 °C, was used in this study. The highest yield of oxygen bubbles at a
treatment temperature of 40 °C is 30 bubbles in 40 minutes. C. demersum is the best
used as a phytoremediation agent because the plant has a sufficiently good
photosynthetic ability to maintain the survival of aquatic biota. Keyword: wastewater,
photosynthesis, Ceratophyllum demersum, coal mining, Ingenhousz.
Paper ID: D.15
Study on utilization of tephrosia vogelii in

post-mining land reclamation
V A Kusumaningtyas1*, A Murniati1, S Budiman1,

H Ruhaniyah1*, Melina2, L D Juliawaty3 and Y Syah3
1
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Indonesia
2
Fakultas Sains dan Informatika, Universitas Jenderal Achmad
Yani, Indonesia
3
Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
*
[email protected]
Abstract. Reclamation is an effort to repair damaged the mining sector in order to

provide optimal benefits. Environmentally development is an important requirement
for every nation and state that wants the preservation of natural resources. Alternative
use of used land mining activities are for forestry, agricultural and tourist sites.
Selection of this reclamation scheme depends mainly on climate, land topography,
post mining, presence of top soil, distance to urban centers and land status. For
example, some of the reasons why agricultural land was chosen for reclamation
schemes could be that agricultural land is easier for cultivated crops to cultivate and
provides prospective economic value to the community. Tephrosia belongs to the sub-
family Papilionoideae, which are shrubs, herbs and trees. Tephrosia vogelii is known
to have the ability to fertilize the soil because it can have mutualism symbiosis with
the bacteria Rhizobium sp. which can fix nitrogen in the soil. Thus the use of post-
mining land can improve the economy and sustainability as well as protect life and
the environment. Keyword: reclamation, agricultural, Tephrosia vogelii, post-mining
land, sustainability.
98 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: D.16
Synthesis of TiO2-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite

using coprecipitation method as
photocatalyst for methylene blue removal in
aqueous solution
A Hardian1*, Devikha1*, T Yuliana1, S Budiman1, H Sujono1, A

Murniati1, V A Kusumaningtyas1, and D G Syarif2
1
2
*
[email protected]
Abstract. Methylene Blue, a basic dye that is important in the coloring process in the
textile industry. However, the use of the dye Methylene Blue is very dangerous for
the skin, the eyes, and when it is swallowed. Three composition types of TiO2-
NiFe2O4 nanocomposites (75:25; 50:50; and 25:75) had been synthesized using a
simple coprecipitation method. The photodegradation and adsorption performance of
the nanocomposites were also evaluated. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, both the
titania anatase and nickel ferrite spinel phases appeared in each nanocomposite's
diffraction pattern. The average crystallite size of the nanocomposites were 38 nm, 33
nm, and 41 nm for composition 75:25; 50:50; and 25:75, respectively. The optimum
photodegradation activity of TiO2-NiFe2O4 nanocomposites was achieved at
composition 75:25 %mol with >99% methylene blue degraded during 120 minutes
UV irradiation time. However, all nanocomposites also have adsorption capability
toward methylene blue with an optimum percentage 98%. Therefore, TiO 2-NiFe2O4
nanocomposites can be used either as photocatalyst or adsorbent for methylene blue
removal in aqueous solution. Keywords - Photocatalyst magnetic, TiO2, NiFe2O4,
nanocomposite, methylene blue.
Paper ID: D.17
A sustainable development strategy for

mining industries in Citatah Karst Area in
Bandung Basin
N Rohaendi1,2*, E Sukiyah1, D Muslim1 and A Cipta3

1
Faculty of Geological Engineering, Padjadjaran University
2
Center of Human Resources Development of Geology, Coal and
Mineral, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
3
Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation,
Geology Agency, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
*
Abstract. Citatah karst area is located in western margin of Bandung basin, as the
only one of mining area within the basin. However, the pressure from
environmentalist to preserve the karst area and change the use of land become
conservation area or geopark is very high. The aim of study is to define strategy to
manage karst land in urbanizing areas to support sustainable development. The
method of study includes policy and stakeholder analyses, further analysis will be
based on Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation, to apply land suitability analysis to seek
the possibility of the Citatah karst area as new economic centre. Karst area is
environmental complex system, there is the need for broad research to understand
human-altered karst landscapes, karst ecosystems, karst disturbance, karst hydrology
and also to manage karst lands in urbanizing areas in sustainable manners. The
provincial government agency has master plan to develop Citatah karst area as
agriculture, tourism area, home industry area, etc. The preliminary result shows that
Citatah karst area has an opportunity to contribute on sustainable development by
analysing stakeholders’ preferences and key indicator of sustainable development.
100 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: D.18
Growth performance of Centrocema

pubescens grown in mercury-contaminated
tailing inoculated by beneficial bacteria:
Preliminary Study
R Hindersah1*, Y Sunarya2,3, M Arifin1 and R Priyadi3

1
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinanagor Campus,
Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
2
Doctoral Program in Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran,
Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinanagor Campus,
Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Agriculture, Siliwangi University,
Mugarsari, Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya city 46196,
Indonesia
*
Abstract. Low major essential nutrients and increased of mercury (Hg) content in
gold-mine tailings hamper plant growth. A cheap dan effective strategy to overcome
that obstacles were inoculation of plant growth promoting bacteria and planting
legume cover crops (LCC). A greenhouse experiment has been conducted to evaluate
the effect of an isolate of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (NFB) and Phosphate Solubilizing
Bacteria (PSB) culture on some growth traits of LCC Censtrosema pubescens
(butterfly pea) grown in Hg-contaminated tailing of gold mine. The experiment was
setup in randomized block design to test single as well as mixed inoculation of NFB
and PSB. The experiment verified that single and mixed inoculation of both bacteria
have not change to plant traits compared to control treatment. Despite of insignificant
statistical analysis, there were slightly increase in root lengths as well as NFB and
PSB population of inoculated plants. Low major essential nutrients and increased of
mercury (Hg) content in gold-mine tailings hamper plant growth. A cheap dan
effective strategy to overcome that obstacles were inoculation of plant growth
promoting bacteria and planting legume cover crops (LCC). A greenhouse experiment
has been conducted to evaluate the effect of an isolate of Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
(NFB) and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) culture on some growth traits of
LCC Censtrosema pubescens (butterfly pea) grown in Hg-contaminated tailing of

gold mine. The experiment was setup in randomized block design to test single as well
as mixed inoculation of NFB and PSB. The experiment verified that single and mixed
inoculation of both bacteria have not change to plant traits compared to control
treatment. Despite of insignificant statistical analysis, there were slightly increase in
root lengths as well as NFB and PSB population of inoculated plants.
102 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: D.19
Potency of Cassia siamea as

phytostabilization in post-mining land
reclamation
V A Kusumaningtyas1*, H N Azizah1*, A Murniati1,

S Budiman1, A Hardian1, Melina2, T Setiawati3
1
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia
2
Department of Informatics, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics,
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, Indonesia
3
Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan
Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran
Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Sumedang, Jawa Barat
45363, Indonesia
* Corresponding authors: [email protected];
[email protected]
Abstract. Revegetation for reclamation is a strategic effort to overcome the negative

impacts of coal mining. The growth of reclaimed vegetation has a positive impact in
reducing soil density so that it is suitable for the growth of food plants, besides that it
can also increase the content of soil organic matter. One of the efforts to restore the
function of ex-mining land is by planting legumes. Cassia siamea is a species of
legume that is widely used for revegetation in the reclamation of ex-mining areas. It
can become a tree species for ex-mining land reclamation because it can survive in
ex-mining land and can accumulate heavy metals. These plants produce proline, a
substance that is produced when drought occurs so that the inside of the plant does
not suffer from differences in water concentrations, as phytostabilization to transfer
or decontamination of heavy metals from the environment. With legume-Rhizobia
Symbiosis Cassia siamea can restore and improve the physical and chemical
properties of the soil to become more fertile and can make the soil rich in nutrients.
Cassia siamea also has a high RMSI (> 0.500), this value is preferable for reclamation
of ex-coal mining areas.

Paper ID: D.20
Modification of Cu2+ in crude polyphenol

oxidase extract from purple eggplant
(Solanum melongena L.): A study of phenol
biodegradation in coal wastewater treatment
A Murniati1*, B Buchari2, S Gandasasmita2, Z Nurachman3,

VA Kusumaningtiyas1, S Budiman1, S Herlinawati1, R M
Ibrahim1, A Hardian1, and D H Prajitno4
1
Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Informatics
Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Jl. Terusan Jenderal
Sudirman, Cimahi, Indonesia
2
Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics
and Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl.
Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
3
Biochemistry Research Group, Faculty of Mathematics and
Natural Sciences, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha
No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
4
Agency for Nuclear Power, Jl. Tamansari No 71, Bandung
40132, Indonesia
* Corresponding authors: [email protected]
Abstract. Cracking organic compounds forming coal during the gasification process
produces liquid waste other than gas and solid waste. Phenolic compounds are one of
the problems that need special handling based on their toxicity. As one of the
components, there is liquid waste resulting from the coal gasification process. This
study aims to simulate artificial phenol waste samples, which refer to the components
of liquid waste produced by coal gasification by previous researchers. Furthermore,
the artificial liquid sample containing phenol was biodegraded with the catalyst of
polyphenol oxidase (PPO) modified by Cu2+ (PPO-Cu2+) from purple eggplant
extract. PPO activity of purple eggplant extract was studied by UV-Vis
spectrophotometric method. The application of PPO-Cu2+ can work effectively as
much as 46.7% for artificial coal liquid waste containing phenol. PPO activity of raw
purple eggplant extract (25.90-38.10 U/mL) and PPO-Cu2+ crude purple eggplant
104 | ISMCT 2021

extract (21.58-46.32 U/mL; CuSO4 2-10 mM; phenol 2.0- 4.0 mM). Based on
Michaelis Menten's graph, the initial levels of PPO-Cu2+ purple eggplant extract =
0.015 mM/min and PPO purple eggplant extract = 0.15 mM/min, with 2.00 mM as a
substrate. The Lineweaver-Burk graph shows the maximum PPO content of purple
eggplant extract (Vmax = 0.03 mM/min; KM = 0.78 mM; phenol 4.0 mM) and PPO-
Cu2+ purple eggplant extract (Vmax = 0.26 mM/min; KM = 0.63 mM).

106 | ISMCT 2021
ROOM E: TECHNOECONOMY AND
POLICY

108 | ISMCT 2021
Paper ID: E.01
Legalization of illegal small-scale mining, a

policy in the form of business guarantee and
base for environmental management
S Sugiarti*, B Yunianto, R Damayanti and N R Hadijah

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of Energy
and Mineral Resources,
Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623 Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. The Small-scale mining has a very long history in Indonesia and until now
most have operated without permit, and some of its activities plundered licensed
mining areas. It is time for the small-scale mining to get more serious attention from
the government so that the problems inherent in the small-scale mining can be
comprehensively resolved. Granting permits to the small-scale mining guarantees
people's businesses and will increase the responsibility of miners to regulations. The
legalization process as a policy based on the strong political will of the government is
needed to raise the level of the small-scale mining so that its equal to other sectors as
development contributors. After obtaining permission, various downstream the small-
scale mining problems such as environmental problems, social insecurity and others
will be resolved through a process of guidance, supervision, technology transfer,
capital and management. The small-scale mining contributions can also be
materialized in opening up job opportunities, state revenue from taxes and royalties,
good mining practices, and others. Finally, the small-scale mining is expected to
become a forum for people's participation in the mining world, and to become one of
the backbones of efforts to improve the people's welfare.

Paper ID: E.02
Implementation of coal downstream policy

in trend of fossil energy transition
C M Yasin1*, B Yunianto2, S Sugiarti2 and G K Hudaya2

1
Directorate of Mineral and Coal Program Development, Ministry
of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jalan Prof. Dr. Supomo, S.H
No. 10 Tebet, South Jakarta.
2
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources, Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623
Bandung, west Java.
*
Abstract. To meet national energy needs, the implementation of coal downstream

policies in Indonesia is regulated through the issuance of Law Number 3 of 2020. The
issuance of other regulations, especially on fiscal, non-fiscal, and regional incentives
was also conducted to support the downstream of coal. The coal downstream policy
is based on several parameters, among others: availability of coal and its
characteristics, technology, economy, and environment are the main considerations in
coal downstream. Coal downstream development priority policies, namely
gasification of dimethyl ether (DME) and methanol products, semi-coke/carbon
raiser, gasification of urea and ammonia products, Underground Coal Gasification
(UCG), upgrading, coal to fuel, hydrogen, and advanced materials. The business
model and development scheme are based on aspects of the utilization of coal
downstream technology and aspects of economic feasibility. The study of coal
downstream policies not only examines regulations in the mineral and coal sector and
taxation but also coal resources and reserves, technology, and economics. In addition
to coal downstream technology, environmental aspects of the use of coal in the steam
power plant are also studied, in the form of Carbon Capture Utilization Storage
(CCUS) technology for CO2 emissions.
110 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: E.03
Preliminary studies on the abundance of

element in the Hulusimpang Formation,
Waykalianda, Pesawaran, Lampung
T Julian1*, D G Harbowo1,2, B Priadi1,3, R N Amelia1,

D J P Sihombing1 and F S Kencana1
1
Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung,
Indonesia
2
Sedimentology, Stratigraphy, and Geodynamics Research Group,
ITERA, Lampung, Indonesia
3
Department of Geology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha,
Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Hulusformasi Formation, known as Oligocene-Miocene altered

volcanoclastic rock, it coverage widely, especially in southern Sumatra. This
formation is supposed as a prospect host in various hydrothermal mineralization.
Therefore in this study, we conducted preliminary studies to examine the abundance
of elements located in Waykalianda River, Pesawaran, Lampung. This study was
conducted by taking stratigraphic measurements and analyzing the composition using
an X-Ray fluorescence analyzer. The lithologies generally consist of lapilli tuffs,
volcanic breccias, interbed of claystone sandstone; in addition, we also frequently
found petrified wood and andesitic-lithic fragments. As a result, the significant
abundances are Fe (35.5%), Si (27.9%), Al (17.4%), K (6.7%), Cl (5.5%), Ti (1.7%),
and Ca (1.5%) and also Mn, Ag, P, Mg, Sr, Zr, and Co; it also presents trace elements
such as Rb, Zn, Pb, Te, V, Ba, Cr, Sn, Ni, Ga, Nb, Mo, and Eu. We suggest it originates
from distal facies of intermediates-magma series Tertiary volcano.

Paper ID: E.04
Andesite prospect at West Sungkai of North

Lampung: How it is distributed based on
electrical resistivity tomography
Mustika
*
Abstract. Infrastructure construction made Andesite's demand has increases,

particularly in Lampung Province. In this research, its distribution in West Sungkai of
North Lampung is mapped based on Electrical Resistivity Tomography data from 10
2D lines, each of them were 186 m length. Due to its excellent vertical resolution,
Wenner configuration is performed. The area is part of Quarter Holocene Volcanic
(Qhv) formation which consist of volcanic breccia, lava, and andesite-basalt tuff; thus
resistivity modelling is built within this aisle. Subsurface resistivity model has been
built using non-linier inversion method with promising low error at the third to fifth
iterations which marks an acceptable value. Using ERT modelling, it is estimated that
there are three mains of rocks based on their resistivity value: sandy tuff with 65 - 212
Ωm; tuff with 212 - 655 Ωm; and andesite with resistivity more than 655 Ωm. Andesite
within this area is likely a lava andesite which spread between 5 - 35 m in depths.
112 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: E.05
Techno-economy analysis study of coal

gasification plant into various strategic
chemicals
R Tetrisyanda, A Wiguno and G Wibawa*

Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh
Nopember, Surabaya, 60111,Indonesia
*
Abstract. The abundant amount of coal reserves in Indonesia has a great potential to
be used as a source of raw materials and energy for industry. However, the use of coal
in meeting domestic needs is not optimally utilized, as indicated by the high number
of raw coal exports abroad. In addition, the low quality of coal is also one of the
reasons for its low utilization. Processing of coal into synthetic gas (syngas) opens the
way downstream of coal-derived chemical products, namely dimethyl ether (DME),
methanol, ammonia and synthetic natural gas (SNG). The integration of various
chemical products is expected to maximize the potential of low rank Indonesian coal.
The plant capacity was 11,540 tpd (tons per day) low rank wet coal that producing
DME 2000 tpd, methanol 2500 tpd, ammonia 600 tpd and SNG 25 MMSCFD (Million
standard cubic feet per day). Many of these chemical production technologies have
been proven and are commercially available by various vendors. Based on the results
of process and economic simulations, it is found that the establishment of a coal
gasification plant into various integrated chemicals is feasible to be established with
an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12.46% and a payback period of 6 years and 5
months.

Paper ID: E.06
Mining sector in the economic structure of

Kalimantan Selatan Province: Direct and
indirect impacts
K S Putri*, Riswan and I Rahman

Mining Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering,
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru 70714, Kalimantan
Selatan, Indonesia
*
Abstract. Supporting sectors for sustainable economic development in a region are

not only able to have a direct impact on GRDP but also indirectly have an impact
through strong backward and forward linkage to other economic sectors. Analysis of
backward linkage and forward linkage can be performed using input-output tables that
describe the role of each sector in the regional economy. The abundance of coal
resources in Kalimantan Selatan Province makes the mining sector the largest
contributor to GRDP. Coal is an export commodity that has a very large percentage
of the total regional export value. The enormous impact on GRDP, both in terms of
business fields and final demand, is not accompanied by strong linkages to other
economic sectors. The existence of the mining sector is unable to stimulate production
growth in the backward sector and is unable to fulfill the final demand of the forward
sector. Restrictions on coal exports to fulfill domestic energy resource needs are able
to make the mining sector of Kalimantan Selatan Province a key sector to support
sustainable regional economic development.
114 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: E.07
The role of iron and nickel smelters on the

national steel industry
D Cahyaningtyas*, T Suseno, S Rochani, B Yunianto,

I Rodliyah and Hartono
R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, The Republic of
Indonesia
*
Abstract. The iron and steel industry are one of the priority industries which play a
key role in supporting national development. One of the obstacles faced is the high
dependency on imported raw materials, such as iron ore/ iron concentrate, pig
iron/sponge iron, and iron scrap, so that Indonesia suffers a steel trade deficit of US $
2.11 billion per year. Even though in 2020, Indonesia was able to produce iron
concentrate as much as 3.62 million tonnes, but all its products were exported.
Ferronickel and nickel pig iron as the main raw materials for the manufacture of
stainless steel has production of 1.46 million tonnes and 860,470 tonnes, respectively.
However, only 23.05% and 47.77% are sold domestically, the remainder is exported.
Currently, Indonesia has abundant iron and nickel reserves, the amount of laterite iron
ore reserves around 1.54 billion tonnes, primary iron 1.47 billion tonnes, and iron sand
986.97 million tonnes. Meanwhile, nickel ore reserves are around 1.1 billion tonnes,
722 million tonnes of which have a grade of ≤ 1.7% Ni and 363 million tonnes of >
1.7% Ni. The number of reserves of this size can meet the demand for raw materials
for the National steel industry, which produces 44 million tonnes per year. The
number of raw materials needed every year until 2050 consists of 44 million tonnes
of scrap, 19 million tonnes of pig/sponge iron, 16 million tonnes of nickel, and 10
million tonnes of others. Hence, to reduce the national steel trade deficit, Indonesia
must optimize local iron resources by increasing Fe content following the
specifications of the National steel industry. To anticipate the shortage of raw material
supply, information on the location of iron and nickel reserves that can meet the raw
material needs of the domestic steel industry is needed by 2050.

Paper ID: E.08
Added value analysis of the electric vehicle

battery industry in Indonesia
I Suherman*, S Rochani, and D Cahyaningtyas

Research and Development Center for Mineral and Coal
Technology,
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No 623. Bandung. Indonesia 40211
*
Abstract. The establishment of the Indonesian Battery Corporation (IBC) is a bold

move to make Indonesia a global player in the electric vehicle battery business. As a
state-owned consortium, the IBC is mandated to develop an integrated electric vehicle
battery industry ecosystem from upstream to downstream. Until now, the HPAL
processing/ refining development projects in Indonesia has been around 6 companies.
It is projected that battery production for electric vehicles in Indonesia will contribute
around 12.7 percent to global. Through an analysis approach model of the value-added
analysis of the electric vehicle battery industry, it could be calculated starting from
mining and mineral processing/refining (upstream chain), precursor /cathode industry
(intermediate chain), as well as the battery cell/battery pact industry (downstream
chain). The total value added of the electric vehicle battery supply chain in 2025 is
estimated at $ 2.873 billion, while in 2030 and 2035 are $ 6.738 billion and $ 21.434
billion, respectively. The integration of the upstream and downstream chain in the
domestic electric vehicle battery industry will ultimately increase the contribution to
the national economy.
116 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: E.10
Business analysis of implementation of UCG

technology in Indonesia
G K Hudaya* and M Huda

R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology, Ministry of ESDM
Jalan Jendral Sudirman No. 623, Bandung 40211, West Java.
Indonesia
*
Abstract. The demand for electricity and chemicals in Indonesia is increasing,

however, the production of oil and gas is decline. Indonesia not only has oil and gas
but also coal which its resources is quite abundant. There is deep seated coal potency
with depth >100 meter below surface in Indonesia that has not been exploited yet.
Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is an unconventional technology that can
become the solution to exploit the deep seated coal potential by extracting coal into
in-situ gas that can be convert to electricity or chemicals. The objective of this paper
is to analyze the implementation of UCG technology in Indonesia whether it is
potential or not based on business analysis. Data are collected from literature and
analyzed using Porter Five Forces and PESTLE Analysis. Porter five forces analysis
shows that the implementation of UCG in Indonesia is still potential as industry
because the only threat will come from substitute product. PESTLE analysis shows
that almost all the factors except for technology factor are very supportive for the
implementation of UCG commercial plant in Indonesia. Based on both analysis, it can
be concluded that UCG project is very potential to be developed in Indonesia.
However, it need full support and control from government because it will become a
pioneer project with financial and environment risk still has not quantified perfectly.

Paper ID: E.11
Expanded perlite commercialization

technoeconomic analysis in Indonesia
I Suherman1*, A Wahyudi1, H E Mamby1, D A Darmawan1

(TEKMIRA), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM),
Bandung, Indonesia
*
Abstract. One of the public services of the Mineral and Coal Research and
Development Center is the utilization of a perlite processing plant in Lampung. The
plant has been fully revitalized and is ready to be commercialized through joint
operations. The domestic market for perlite is not as advanced as the world market.
These are both opportunities and challenges for the expanded perlite business.
Techno-economic analysis can provide an overview of expanded perlite processing
and cash flow forecasts during the implementation period of the commercialization
project. These results are expected to attract investors to partner in the commercial
business of expanded perlite processing. The economic calculation of the expanded
commercialization of perlite processing yields a Net Present Value of Rp.
10,808,293,729, the value of the Internal Rate of Return is 19.35% per year and the
value of the Payback Period is 5 years and 5 months. These three indicators show that
the expanded perlite commercialization business project is financially viable.
118 | ISMCT 2021

Paper ID: E.12
Dilemmatic discourse in sustainability:

Social economic feasibility of community’s
gold mining activity at Kertajaya Village,
Sukabumi Regency, Indonesia
F Y Prabawa1*, R H S Koestoer2 and R Sukhyar3

1
Research Center for Maritime Affairs, Agency for Research and
Human Resources, Ministry of Maritime Affairs Republic of
Indonesia
Jalan Pasir Putih 1, East Ancol. North Jakarta,
2
Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Republic of
Indonesia.
Jalan Lapangan Banteng No.1 Pasar Baru, Central Jakarta
³ Center for Mineral and Metal Industry Studies
Jalan Keuangan I, Fatmawati South Jakarta
*
Abstract. At present time, many sustainability studies have stated that in the
environmental dimension, Community Gold Mining (CGM) activities are causing
mercury contamination. Likewise, in the economic and social dimensions; socially,
small miner is assumed unqualified as a profession, economically unfeasible and
impact less to state’s economy system. Various related problems have emerged in
decades, but yet unsolvable. In general, the mainstream theories believed that CGM
is unsustainable. But in fact, there are still existing informal small-scale mining
activities everywhere. Is CGM really unsustainable? Is CGM not proper enough to be
supported officially by the state? This paper discusses the practice of community gold
mining, and examines it, regardless: the legal / illegal status or Mining Without
Permits (PETI). The research location was in Kertajaya Village, Sukabumi Regency,
West Java, Indonesia. There are thousands of local people working informally as
CGM miners, with thousands of gold processing units Glundung/Tubes or in this
study is being termed as: Trommel Mercury (TM) method with mercury use. 6
components of the Gold Production System were being discussed along with its
production costs. For data collecting; the observation was implied at several TM
processing locations, supported with in-depth interviews, carried out in 2018. The
supporting data were taken from CGM site: Cijiwa Block, from year 2013 to 2017.

The results: in economic dimension, CGM business in research location is feasible
enough. CGM activities there have also high economic potency to contribute to state’s
taxation. In social dimension; community’s miner there, is proper enough as a
profession, referred to miner’s income that is exceeding the local minimum wage rate.
In environmental dimension, small miner’s acts on mercury were noted: not harmful
enough to the environment. However, the final conclusion of this research is irony;
the CGM activities there = unsustainable, facing the fact of endless informal practices.
120 | ISMCT 2021

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Agency of RDEMR | iii

The International Seminar on Mineral and Coal Technology (ISMCT) will be

The ISMCT will unite practitioners, researchers, academics, regulators and

The seminar also allows delegates to discuss issues addressed by recognized

Discussing the progress of a new working paradigm for responsible

Agency of RDEMR | vii

The specific goals of the seminar include:

Environmental Management focuses on all aspects related to environmental

viii | ISMCT 2021

Note : - Invited speaker: 20 min presentation, 10 min Q&A

xii | ISMCT 2021

Agency of RDEMR | xiii

Note : - Invited speaker: 20 min presentation, 10 min Q&A

xiv | ISMCT 2021

xvi | ISMCT 2021

Note : - Invited speaker: 20 min presentation, 10 min Q&A

Agency of RDEMR | xvii

xviii | ISMCT 2021

Agency of RDEMR | xix

Note : - Invited speaker: 20 min presentation, 10 min Q&A

Agency of RDEMR | xxi

Influence of alkaline pretreatment on the

D Amalia1*, W Zhang2, A Nikoloski1 and P Singh1

Abstract. Liberation of cathode metals from impurities is essential to obtain a good

The initial study on the preparation of

E Maryani1,2*, N Sofiyaningsih1,2 and R Septawendar1,2*

Abstract. Composites of Na2SO4 is promising for solid electrolyte application. In this

Astomulyo meteorite: Investigation of its

D G Harbowo1,6,8,*, R Muztaba2,6,7, H L Malasan2,5,7,

Characterization of gold ore from Babakan

L O Arham1*, F R Mufakhir2, I A Putri3, Wahab4, H Z Hakim1

REE sequential extraction of weathered

Thermal analysis of Indonesian copper

Abstract. The development of extracting hydrometallurgical process for copper

Thermodynamic simulation (factsage) of

S T Muharam, A C Alviana, D T Saputra, F A Kamal, M C L

Thermodynamic simulation of cerium oxide

N P W Pratami*, Assyifaunnisa, F M M Dinar, F M Farid, K A

METSIM simulation in developing the ideal

H E Mamby1*, A Wahyudi1, D A Darmawan1, R S Oktavian2

Extraction of tin (Sn) from primary tin ore

I Rodliyah1*, R Wijayanti1, A Septiarani1, A Sudrajat2, and

Beneficiation of cassiterite from primary tin

I Rodliyah1*, R Wijayanti1, K N Hidayat1, Erika Arum

Characterization of perlite and expanded

D A Darmawan*, A Wahyudi, H E Mamby and I Suherman

Abstract. Indonesia, as a volcanic country, is rich in natural mineral resources, and

Making of polyaluminum chloride (PAC)

H E Mamby*, K N Hidayat and A Wahyudi

Abstract. Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is commonly used as chemical in water

Analysis of recovery from separation of iron

I Permatasari, C Palit* dan Subandrio

Critical raw materials enrichment in bauxite

R D Nugraheni1, C P Riyandhani1, M Apriniyadi1 and

Nickel recovery from precipitate of NCA

A U N Izzati, H T B M Petrus* and A Prasetya

Effect of operating condition on lithium

V S H Sujoto1, Sutijan1, W Astuti2, F R Mufakhir2 and

E Maryani1,2, N Sofiyaningsih1,2 and R Septawendar1,2

E Sugondo, Harjanto S, and Ulum R M*