also include phase transitions, chemical theory, practice, and applications of Mess- the effect of ion-ion forces at higher

rces at higher solute

reactions, population growth, and economic bauer spectroscopy, it is written in a very concentrations. The final chapter illustrates
models. This book introduces non-linear readable way and the cost of the paperback the application of some of the concepts of
systems, i.e. non-linear oscillations, bifurca- edition makes it a very suitable introductory ion solvation to a number of chemical
tion, symmetry breaking, and chaos, to the text for new postgraduate students and processes of theoretical and practical in-
physicist. It is a clear, thought provoking research workers wishing to assess the use terest.
text-book for physics undergraduates in of Miissbauer spectroscopy in a variety of Perhaps the most notable feature of this
their final year. The mathematical elements fields. book is the extensive tabulation of quantita-
are introduced and motivated by diverse F. Berry tive data on all aspects of the subject.This,
physical applications, and sometimes illus- together with an excellent index, makes it
trated by simple experiments. There are Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules. an invaluable source book, which can be
many excercises. The author ruminates on Edited by A. J. P. Alix, L. Bernard and M. thoroughly recommended to anyone with an
the philosophical and sociological implica- Manfait. Pp. 465. Wiley, Chichester. 1985. interest in electrolyte solutions.
tions of the theory, but wisely confines his f28.00 C. A. Vincent
ruminations by square brackets so that
This book contains a collection of papers
students will know when he is not writing ex
from the first European Conference on the Biocatalysts in Organic Synthesis. Edited
cuthedra. Without wishing to detract from
Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules in by J. Tramper, H. C. van der P/as, and P.
my enthusiasm for the concept, spirit, and
Rheims, France, 1985. The title is perhaps Linko. P. xii + 260. Elsevier, New York
writing of the book as a whole, I note that
too general, as it is in no way a general and Amsterdam. 1985. $77.75
the text is not unflawed by misprints and
introduction or discussion of the subject. (Df1.210.00)
errors of detail. I hope that several physics
However many subfields are covered, with The potential use of biocatalysts in organic
departments will initiate courses based on
the emphasis on various forms of Raman chemical processing was the subject for a
the book so that the first impression will be
spectroscopy, such as: micro Raman, reso- symposium arranged by the European
sold out and the flaws soon corrected.
nance enhanced Raman, surface enhanced Federation of Biotechnology last year in
P. G. Drazin
Raman, and non-linear Raman. Most of Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. The
these techniques and applications are de- key question pursued at this meeting was to
Miissbauer Spectroscopy and its scribed in short reviews (invited lectures).
Applications. By T. E. Cranshaw, B. W. what extent biocatalysts - enzymes and cells
Infra-red spectroscopy forms the second - can be expected to find use in organic
Dale, G. 0. Longworth and C. E. largest contribution and can be subdivided
Johnson. Pp. 179. Cambridge University chemical processing in general and, in
into IR, Fourier-transform IR, and total particular, to what extent and in what areas
Press, 1986. Hardback f20.00 ($29.951, internal reflection IR. Closely related to the
Paperback f7.95 ($12.95) the biocatalysts may be advantageously
above techniques are a number of contribu- applied in actual industrial chemical pro-
Since the discovery by Rudolf M6ssbauer in tions on vibrational mode analysis of cesses.
1958 of recoil-free nuclear resonance biological molecules. A very small number The symposium was exceedingly well
fluorescence, the technique now known as of contributions on microfluorescence and attended by experts from industry, technical
Miissbauer spectroscopy has developed as a time-resolved fluorescence are included. high schools, universities, and other in-
powerful method by which many different In general, this book is useful for volved organisations, the contributions from
types of solid materials may be examined in scientists working in the field of the which are now collected in the proceedings
a variety of scientific disciplines. spectroscopy of biomolecules, in particular of the symposium. These appear as highly
This short book provides a good introduc- those interested in the theory, instrumenta- worthwhile reading, thanks among other
tion to Mbssbauer spectroscopy and its tion, and application of Raman and IR things to the diverse backgrounds of the
application in diverse areas of science. The spectroscopy. The relatively fast production many contributers. For example, delegates
initial chapters describe the MGssbauer of the book makes it useful for a, perhaps from industry provide the reader with down
effect, the fundamental principles of M&s- not too long, period of time in this rapidly to earth facts and up to date information on
bauer spectroscopy, and the instrumentation progressing field. the subject while the most important
which is required for the operation of the R. W. Wijnaendts van Resandt research aspects are well covered through
technique. Then follows a description of the contributions by academic delegates.
use of the MGssbauer effect for the study of The conclusion of the symposium was that
gamma radiation, the testing of various Ion Solvation. By Yizhak Marcus. Pp. 306.
Wiley, Chichester. 1986. f42.00. biocatalysts must be expected to find an
aspects of relative theory, and the assess- important place in industrial chemical pro-
ment of atomic motion in solids. A chapter Almost thirty years ago, R. P. Bell in an cessing. This will be one of the less
on hyperfine interactions describes the article in Endeuvour stressed the importance spectacular applications of the biosciences:
interactions between nuclei and their elec- of an understanding of ionic hydration in fact, a silent revolution to the benefit of
trons which gives rise to the three principal because of its influence on a wide variety of industry, the environment, and the consum-
Miissbauer parameters. processes in physical chemistry, industry, er. For anyone with an interest in these
The second half of the book is concerned and biology. He predicted that use of matters the book can be recommended.
with the application of Massbauer spectros- spectroscopy (especially NMR) would lead S. Godtfredsen
copy in various areas of solid state chemis- to new insights, and pointed out the paucity
try, metallurgy, biochemistry, surface scien- of reliable data at that time on solvation by
ce, archaeology, the fine arts, and studies of non-aqueous solvents. Handbook of Aqueous Electrolyte
In this comprehensive and detailed review Solutions. By A. L. Horvath. Pp. 631. Ellis
magnetism and radiation damage. In these
of ion-solvent interactions, Professor Mar- Horwood, Chichester. 1985. f69.50
chapters the operation of Miissbauer spec-
troscopy in conventional transmission - and cus shows how far the subject has progres- There can be very few chemists and
in alternative modes of operation, including sed in the intervening years. His monograph chemical engineers who have not spent
backscatter techniques and Miissbauer emis- provides an in-depth discussion of the many frustrating hours searching the che-
sion studies - are described and each chapter statistical and thermodynamic basis, and the mical literature for some seemingly quite
contains examples which illustrate the spe- structural and kinetic aspects of ion solva- simple property of electrolyte solutions
cial power of Massbauer spectroscopy in tion. He begins by considering interactions which may be of importance to their work,
each particular application. in the gas phase, and proceeds to cover whether it be academic or industrial. Mr
Although the book is not a competitor to salvation in aqueous and non-aqueous Horvath’s book will go a long way to
the more comprehensive texts on the media, selective solvation in mixtures, and simplify and alleviate this problem. After a

158
short introductory chapter on the theory of in theoretical chemistry of the Molecular covered, this book has something to offer
aqueous electrolyte solutions, the majority Orbital (MO) method, and the comparative chemists, development scientists, and others
of the book is devoted to a section-by- eclipse of the Valence Bond (VB) approach. with interest in the nuclear industry.
section discussion of electrolyte properties On a longer timescale this shift has also S. .I. Lyle
which have been measured, where the data occurred in the language used by the wider
may be found, and how it correlates with chemical community. In the first edition of The Manufacture of Soaps, Other
the general theoretical picture. There are The Chemical Bond, the authors recognised Detergents and Glycerine. By Edgar
approximately 1800 references to the origin- that traditional textbooks (including their Woollatt. Pp. 473. Ellis Horwood,
al literature where the necessary data can be own Valence Theory) had not caught up Chichester. 1985. f55.00
located. The electrolyte properties discussed with these changes and wrote an elementary
The impressive feature of this book is the
are phase diagrams, vapour pressures, introduction to bonding concepts from an
remarkable breadth of the treatment of the
critical properties, density, compressibility, MO standpoint. This stance is maintained in
subject. Topics include, for example, tech-
velocity of sound, osmotic coefficient, sur- the second edition.
nical implications of weight-control legisla-
face tension, viscosity, thermal conductivity, Accordingly the book has, after some
tion, review of world markets, including
heat capacity, latent heat of vaporisation, historical introduction, chapters on Atomic
recent trends, as well as the main theme
and entropy Orbitals; Periodicity; Molecular Electronic
which is, of course, detailed information on
The book can truly be described as Wavefunctions; the LCAO Approximation;
detergent manufacturing processes and
unique and will be an invaluable sourcebook Symmetry and Orbitals; MOs and the
equipment and an excellent chapter on
for physical chemists, chemical engineers, electron-pair bond; Hiickel theory; Bond
glycerine recovery and refining.
and geochemists in industrial and academic theory; and Perturbation and Ligand-Field
The ‘other detergents’ include not only
research. Regrettably, the price is beyond theories. Then come chapters on VB,
spray-dried non-soapy detergent powders,
most individual purchasers, but certainly all Reactivity, and Intermolecular Forces. The
but also the manufacture of such products
chemical libraries and some laboratories final chapter is new, a brief introduction to
without spray-drying. The range of product
should have the book alongside their copy ab initio (MO) calculations.
types embraces liquids of several kinds,
of the Rubber Handbook. The second edition also contains an
powder and cream scouring products,
J. G. Dawber additional page on symmetry and updates
machine dishwashers, bleaches, and lava-
various details. There is no mention of the
tory cleaners. etc. However packaging
Metal Ions in Biological Systems. Vol. modern theory of clusters, though this
processes are outside the scope of the book.
19. Antibiotics and their Complexes. would fit well with the philosophy of the
apart from passing references and some
Edited by Helmut Sigel. Pp. 464. Dekker, book. Overall. this remains a useful intro-
points of interest on plastic bottles for
New York. 1985. $85.00 (USA & Canada), duction to the subject.
liquids.
$102.00 (all other countries). P. W. Fowler
Some of the historical material, whilst
This volume concerns the binding of cations interesting, has no foreseeable practical
to antibiotics. I would have liked to have ActinidelLanthanide Separations. Edited application - for example, the Chilean
had a short introduction which told me that by G. R. Choppin, J. D. Navratil and W. process for making soap from sperm whale
there are different kinds of such interac- W. Schulz. Pp. 360. World Scientific oil - while a fuller treatment of ‘fashionable’
tions; that they had (or had not) biological Publishing, Singapore. Distributed by topics. such as transparent and striated
significance in each case; and that there Wiley, Chichester. 1985. f4 1.75. soaps, would have been valuable.
were (or were not) common mechanistic Isotopes of the lighter lanthanides. and The’ style is concise, the text well
features. For one set of antibiotics, the several actinides. notably plutonium and illustrated; the table of contents and index
ionophores, this introduction would have americium. are produced, directly or in- excellent; and the bibliography and lists of
separated channel formers from carriers, for directly, as a result of neutron-induced suppliers of equipment and materials most
example. I think it would also have grouped fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear useful.
the chapters on the Na ’ /Kt ionophores away reactors. They are, therefore. present in D. D. Penkelh
from those on calcium and those on iron or spent fuel and waste fractions from fuel
other heavy metal transporters and away from reprocessing. This volume contains papers Illustrated Guide to the Protozoa. Edited
the antibiotics which are just given a delivered at a symposium which was part of by J. J. Lee, S. H. Hutner and E. C.
conformation, sometimes of doubtful signi- the scientific programme of the Internation- Bovee. Pp. 630. Allen Press, Lawrence,
ficance, by in vitro metal-ion binding. Apart al Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin for the Society of Protozoologists,
from this fact, that there is only the common Societies, held in Honolulu, in December Lawrence, Kansas. 1985. $60 to
theme of complex formation, each chapter is 1984. There are contributions from the members, $80.00 to non-members,
very well written. The chapters are on USA (12), Japan (3), France (3), Canada(l), Annotated lists of selected protozoa and
lonophores (Pressman - very good to see); and the USSR (1) covering develop- illustrations fill most of this book of 629
Tetracyclines and Daunorubicin (Bruce Mar- ments, all in applied science, from the time pages. The 23 authors use the taxonomic
tin); Streptonigrin (Hajdu); Bleomycin of the previous symposium in 197X. They framework of the classification published in
(Sugiura, Takita, Umezawa); Valinomycin range from small-scale separation for analy- 1980 in Journal of Protozoology; it includes
(Easwaran); Beauvericin (Steinrauf); Grami- tical purposes. through laboratory screening protistans otherwise known as algae and
cidins (Hinton, Koeppe); Nactins (Nawata, and testing of reagents, to industrial scale fungi. Keys aid the identification of gcncra;
Ando, Iitaka); Lasalocid (Painter, Pressman); operations. The importance of solvent basic techniques are noted; and the glos-
Cycloserines (O’Brien); Iron Antibiotics extraction in hydro-metallurgical operations sary. an essential part of a guide. works well
(Nielands, Valenta); and Theory (Grcsch, is much in evidence, with reports on although it was written before its authors
Pullman). searches for more selective and efficient had seen the other chapters. Some illustra-
R. J. P. Williams
extractants. Use of pyrotechniques, e.g. tions will not assist identification, others will
molten salt extraction for selective removal mislead because they are not reproduced at
of impurities from plutonium, is covered in the magnification stated in the legend.
The Chemical Bond, 2nd Ed. By J. N.
some detail and the environmentalist can Figures with a scale can be trusted and the
Murrell, S. F. A. Kettle, and J. M. Tedder.
take some comfort from ongoing efforts to precision of text and references is accept-
Pp. 333. Wiley, Chichester. 1985.
decontaminate low-level wastes before dis- able.
Paperback f8.95.
posal The last quarter of this century will be
An indirect consequence of the invention of While it cannot be regarded as a balanced notable for the impact of studies on
the clcctronic computer is the predominance account of work in the field over the period molecular biology of Plasmodium, Trypano-

159