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    Mechanical Properties Analysis of Medium Carbon Steel Heated at 850°C by Quenching in Naoh Solution

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    Mechanical Properties Analysis of Medium Carbon Steel Heated at 850°C by Quenching in Naoh Solution

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    Mechanical Properties Analysis of Medium Carbon Steel Heated at 850°C by Quenching in Naoh Solution

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    Noval Reda

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    of 3

    Journal of Technomaterial Physics Vol. 3, No.

    2, 2021 | 141 - 146

    JoTP
    Journal of Technomaterial Physics

    Mechanical Properties Analysis of Medium Carbon


    Steel Heated at 850°C by Quenching in NaOH Solution
    Stefen Sitorus1 and Perdinan Sinuhaji2*
    1,2
    Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara,
    Medan 20155, Indonesia

    Abstract. The aim of this study is to analyze the mechanical properties of carbon steel
    medium by quenching in NaOH solution. Heating medium of the carbon steel in a heating
    furnace is 850°C. The cooling process in NaOH solution was varied in concentration of
    NaOH (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%), and the sample was allowed to reach room temperature
    (27°C). The original medium carbon steel hardness value is 9.4 HRC and the tensile
    strength value is 656.85 MPa, while for materials with heat treatment processes and cooling
    processes with different concentrations of NaOH (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) resulted in
    hardness values of 57 HRC, 58.3 HRC, 58.5 HRC, 60 HRC, 57.5 HRC and tensile strength
    values of 728.50 MPa, 835.99 MPa, 987.26 MPa, 1035 MPa, and 855 MPa for different
    concentrations of NaOH (5%, 10%, 15%, 20% , 25 %). Analysis of XRD crystalline
    structure on medium carbon steel with intermediate carbon steel from the three highest
    peaks of each test sample was found that its orthorhombic crystal structure in which lattice
    parameters a, b, and c.

    Keyword: medium carbon steel, quenching, mechanical properties, crystal structure.

    Received 19 August 2021 | Revised [23 August 2021] | Accepted [27 August 2021]

    1 Introduction

    The need for metal materials in the manufacture of tools and means of life is increasing. Starting
    from the simplest equipment to the most complex equipment, such as household furniture,
    bridges, buildings, vehicles, and aircraft construction. In increasing the hardness of these
    materials can be done with a heat treatment process. Heat treatment is a process that heats a
    metal in a solid state to a certain temperature and then cools it to give the metal more perfect
    physical or mechanical properties. By means of heat treatment, it is also possible to change the
    size and shape of the metal grains [1-3]. Hardness can be defined as resistance to penetration or
    the ability of a material to withstand scratching, indentation or penetration. The hardness value
    is related to the tensile or yield strength of the metal because during the assessment, the metal
    undergoes plastic deformation so that a certain percentage of strain occurs. Hardness is also
    related to the wear resistance of the metal [4-6]. After paying attention to the results and

    *Corresponding author at: Jalan Bioteknologi no.1 Medan, 20155, Indonesia

    E-mail address: [email protected]

    Copyright © 2021 Published by Talenta Publisher, ISSN: 2656-0747 e-ISSN: 2656-0755


    Journal Homepage: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/JoTP
    Journal of Technomaterial Physics Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021 | 141 - 146 142
    conclusions of the studies above, the authors are interested in conducting research about
    mechanical properties analysis of 850°C heated medium carbon steel with quenching in NaOH
    solution.

    2 Methods

    The tools used and the materials used in this study are as follows: Tensile testing machine:
    strength testing machine (STM), Hardness testing machine: Rockwell Hardness Optical
    microscope Furnace heating capacity 1200°C, Lathe and XRD, with ingredients NaOH solution:
    concentration 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and Medium carbon steel: 1045. Provide 12 pieces of
    test material with details: 6 pieces for hardness testing, 6 pieces for tensile testing, while for
    testing the microstructure taken from hardness testing materials.

    3 Result and Discussion

    Testing of the mechanical properties of several test materials has been carried out by varying the
    concentration of NaOH for medium carbon steel. The results of the tests that have been carried
    out are hardness (hardness), tensile strength (tensile strength), observation of microstructure and
    observation of crystal structure with various concentrations of NaOH as a cooling medium for
    medium carbon steel [7-10]. The data obtained from the test results are obtained by calculations
    and the results are listed in the following table:

    Table 1. Test results for medium carbon steel tensile strength with , ,

    Quencing on Solution Maximum Load Tensile Strength


    No
    NaOH (%) (N) (MPa)
    1 0 33,000 656.85
    2 5 36,600 728.50
    3 10 42,000 835.99
    4 15 49,600 978.26
    5 20 52,000 1035.03
    6 25 43,000 855.89

    The hardness value of the test material from the measurement results can be seen in table 1,
    where the hardness value can be seen on the hardness tester which directly measures the
    hardness of the test material based on the measured depth. The test results data below are tested
    once for each test material. Below we can see the relationship between NaOH concentration and
    hardness of medium carbon steel, as shown in the graph.
    Journal of Technomaterial Physics Vol. 3, No. 2, 2021 | 141 - 146 145
    NaOH where from the three highest peaks it is found that the crystal structure is orthrocombic
    where the lattice parameters , , and and density is
    . In medium carbon steel with 20% NaOH where from the three highest peaks it
    is found that the crystal structure is orthrocombic where the lattice parameters ,
    , and and density is . In medium Carbon Steel with
    25% NaOH where from the three highest peaks it is found that the crystal structure is
    orthrocombic where the lattice parameters , , and and
    density is [12-20].

    4 Conclusion

    Based on the results of research and discussion of the effect of NaOH concentration as a cooling
    medium on the tensile strength of medium carbon steel, it can be concluded as a heat treatment
    process (heat treatment) and sudden cooling (quenching) on medium carbon steel into 5%, 10%,
    15%, 20%, 25% NaOH solution to produce a hardness of 57 HRC; 58.3 HRC; 58.5 HRC; 60
    HRC and 57.5 HRC for different concentrations of medium carbon steel. The hardness and
    tensile strength of medium carbon steel reached a maximum value of 60 HRC and 1035.28 Mpa
    when heated and cooled into NaOH solution with a concentration of 20%. From the results of
    XRD analysis on medium carbon steel with heat treatment of 850°C with the results of the test
    sample without treatment (original) and with the addition of NaOH concentration 5%, 10%,
    15%, 20%, 25%. In the original where the highest three were found that the crystal structure
    was othorcombic. Ferrite and pearlite structures are seen in medium carbon steels without heat
    treatment processes (heat treatment) and pearlite and martensitic structures seen in medium
    carbon steel with heat treatment processes (heat treatment) and the cooling process suddenly
    (quenching). The visible pearlite and martensite structures show the hardness and tensile
    strength of medium carbon steel increasing or decreasing.

    REFERENCES

    [1] D. S. Agustina, "Effect of NaCl Concentration as a Cooling Medium on the Mechanical


    and Physical Properties of Medium Carbon Steel," Thesis, Medan: Unimed, 2007.
    [2] H. Amanto and Daryanto, Ilmu Bahan, Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 1999.
    [3] G. Love, Metal Work Theory and Practice, third edition, translated by Harun A.R,
    Jakarta: Erlangga, 1982.
    [4] E. Bruno, G. Chiari and A. Facchinelli, "Anorthite Quenched from 1530°C, I. Structure
    Refinement," Acta Crystallographica Section B: Structural Science, Crystal Engineering
    and Materials, vol. 32, pp. 3270-3280, 1976.
    [5] M. Dalil, P. Adhi and I. Ismet, “Pengaruh Perbedaan Waktu Penahanan Suhu Stabil
    (Holding Time) Terhadap Kekerasan Logam, Jurnal Natur Indonesia II, vol. 1, pp. 12-17,
    1999.
    [6] Rajagukguk, J., Pengaruh Media Pendingin Pada Proses Perlakuan Panas Terhadap Kuat
    Tarik Baja Karbon Sedang, Thesis, Unimed,2005.

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