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    Toxicity: Carbon Dioxide Poisoning

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    Carbon dioxide levels between 0.036-0.041% are found in normal air but higher levels can threaten health and cause symptoms like dizziness or suffocation. Concentrations over 7% CO2 may cause loss of consciousness within minutes or hours. Because CO2 is heavier than air, it can collect in low-lying areas and unexpectedly threaten animals and humans. Rising CO2 levels threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts until they adapted the carbon dioxide scrubber from the command module for use in their lunar module. Short term exposure of up to 2% CO2 allows for physiological adaptation by the body through modified breathing and bicarbonate production, but some studies show cognitive effects can still occur at even lower levels of exposure

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    Toxicity: Carbon Dioxide Poisoning

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    tinku
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    Carbon dioxide levels between 0.036-0.041% are found in normal air but higher levels can threaten health and cause symptoms like dizziness or suffocation. Concentrations over 7% CO2 may cause loss of consciousness within minutes or hours. Because CO2 is heavier than air, it can collect in low-lying areas and unexpectedly threaten animals and humans. Rising CO2 levels threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts until they adapted the carbon dioxide scrubber from the command module for use in their lunar module. Short term exposure of up to 2% CO2 allows for physiological adaptation by the body through modified breathing and bicarbonate production, but some studies show cognitive effects can still occur at even lower levels of exposure

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    Carbon dioxide levels between 0.036-0.041% are found in normal air but higher levels can threaten health and cause symptoms like dizziness or suffocation. Concentrations over 7% CO2 may cause loss of consciousness within minutes or hours. Because CO2 is heavier than air, it can collect in low-lying areas and unexpectedly threaten animals and humans. Rising CO2 levels threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts until they adapted the carbon dioxide scrubber from the command module for use in their lunar module. Short term exposure of up to 2% CO2 allows for physiological adaptation by the body through modified breathing and bicarbonate production, but some studies show cognitive effects can still occur at even lower levels of exposure

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    27 views2 pages

    Toxicity: Carbon Dioxide Poisoning

    Uploaded by

    tinku
    Carbon dioxide levels between 0.036-0.041% are found in normal air but higher levels can threaten health and cause symptoms like dizziness or suffocation. Concentrations over 7% CO2 may cause loss of consciousness within minutes or hours. Because CO2 is heavier than air, it can collect in low-lying areas and unexpectedly threaten animals and humans. Rising CO2 levels threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts until they adapted the carbon dioxide scrubber from the command module for use in their lunar module. Short term exposure of up to 2% CO2 allows for physiological adaptation by the body through modified breathing and bicarbonate production, but some studies show cognitive effects can still occur at even lower levels of exposure

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    Toxicity

    See also: Carbon dioxide poisoning

    Main symptoms of carbon dioxide toxicity, by increasing volume percent in air.[142]

    Carbon dioxide content in fresh air (averaged between sea-level and 10 kPa level, i.e., about
    30 km (19 mi) altitude) varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on
    the location.[143][clarification needed]
    CO2 is an asphyxiant gas and not classified as toxic or harmful in accordance with Globally
    Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals standards of United Nations
    Economic Commission for Europe by using the OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals.
    In concentrations up to 1% (10,000 ppm), it will make some people feel drowsy and give the
    lungs a stuffy feeling.[142] Concentrations of 7% to 10% (70,000 to 100,000 ppm) may cause
    suffocation, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen, manifesting as dizziness, headache, visual
    and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour. [144] The
    physiological effects of acute carbon dioxide exposure are grouped together under the
    term hypercapnia, a subset of asphyxiation.
    Because it is heavier than air, in locations where the gas seeps from the ground (due to sub-
    surface volcanic or geothermal activity) in relatively high concentrations, without the dispersing
    effects of wind, it can collect in sheltered/pocketed locations below average ground level, causing
    animals located therein to be suffocated. Carrion feeders attracted to the carcasses are then also
    killed. Children have been killed in the same way near the city of Goma by CO2 emissions from
    the nearby volcano Mount Nyiragongo.[145] The Swahili term for this phenomenon is 'mazuku'.

    Rising levels of CO2 threatened the Apollo 13 astronauts who had to adapt cartridges from the command
    module to supply the carbon dioxide scrubber in the Lunar Module, which they used as a lifeboat.

    Adaptation to increased concentrations of CO2 occurs in humans, including modified


    breathing and kidney bicarbonate production, in order to balance the effects of blood acidification
    (acidosis). Several studies suggested that 2.0 percent inspired concentrations could be used for
    closed air spaces (e.g. a submarine) since the adaptation is physiological and reversible, as
    deterioration in performance or in normal physical activity does not happen at this level of
    exposure for five days.[146][147] Yet, other studies show a decrease in cognitive function even at
    much lower levels.[148][149] Also, with ongoing respiratory acidosis, adaptation or compensatory
    mechanisms will be unable to reverse such condition.

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