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    Statistics 1: Hypothesis Testing Using The Binomial Distribution

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    Daniel Kirov
    The document is a solutions manual for statistics problems involving hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. It provides worked examples testing hypotheses about the probability of success in binomial experiments. These include problems about the number of red items in a sample, the number of people failing a test, the number of vouchers in food packets, and the number of vehicles with defective tires. The solutions calculate probabilities, define null and alternative hypotheses, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing the test statistic to critical values.

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    Statistics 1: Hypothesis Testing Using The Binomial Distribution

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Kirov
    14 views4 pages
    The document is a solutions manual for statistics problems involving hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. It provides worked examples testing hypotheses about the probability of success in binomial experiments. These include problems about the number of red items in a sample, the number of people failing a test, the number of vouchers in food packets, and the number of vehicles with defective tires. The solutions calculate probabilities, define null and alternative hypotheses, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing the test statistic to critical values.

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    The document is a solutions manual for statistics problems involving hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. It provides worked examples testing hypotheses about the probability of success in binomial experiments. These include problems about the number of red items in a sample, the number of people failing a test, the number of vouchers in food packets, and the number of vehicles with defective tires. The solutions calculate probabilities, define null and alternative hypotheses, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing the test statistic to critical values.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views4 pages

    Statistics 1: Hypothesis Testing Using The Binomial Distribution

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Kirov
    The document is a solutions manual for statistics problems involving hypothesis testing using binomial distributions. It provides worked examples testing hypotheses about the probability of success in binomial experiments. These include problems about the number of red items in a sample, the number of people failing a test, the number of vouchers in food packets, and the number of vehicles with defective tires. The solutions calculate probabilities, define null and alternative hypotheses, and determine whether to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing the test statistic to critical values.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Statistics 1

    Hypothesis testing using the binomial distribution

    Solutions to Chapter assessment

    1. (i) Let X be the number of red Scruffies in a packet.


    X ~ B(18, 0.25)

    From tables, P(X ≤ 6)= 0.8610

    (ii) P(X = 4) = 18C 4(0.25 )4(0.75 )14


    18 × 17 × 16 × 15
    = (0.25 )4(0.75 )14
    1×2 × 3× 4
    = 0.213 (3 s.f.)

    (iii) P(18 Scruffies and X = 4) = 0.9 × 18C 4(0.25 )4(0.75 )14


    18 × 17 × 16 × 15
    = 0.9 × (0.25 )4(0.75 )14
    1×2 ×3×4
    = 0.1917
    P(19 Scruffies and X = 4) = 0.1 × 19C 4(0.25 )4(0.75 )15
    19 × 18 × 17 × 16
    = 0.1 × (0.25 )4(0.75 )15
    1×2 ×3×4
    = 0.0202
    P(X = 4) = 0.1917 + 0.0202 = 0.212 ( 3 s.f.)

    (iv) Let p be the probability that a Scruffie is red

    H0 : p = 0.25
    H1 : p > 0.25

    For B(18, 0.25), P(X ≥ 8) = 1 − P( X ≤ 7)


    = 1 − 0.9431
    = 0.0569
    Probability > 0.05, so accept H0.
    There is not sufficient evidence to support the manufacturer’s claim to
    have increased the proportion of red Scruffies.

    2. (i) This is a binomial distribution B(30, 0.4)


    For the binomial distribution, mean = np = 30 × 0.4 = 12

    (ii) Let X be the number of young people in a sample of 30 who fail the test.

    © MEI, 04/10/07 1/4


    Statistics 1
    P(X = 12) = 30
    C 12(0.4)12(0.6)18
    30!
    = (0.4)12(0.6)18
    12! 18!
    = 0.147 (3 s.f.)
    To check whether the mean is also the modal value, calculate P(X = 11)
    and P(X = 13) and see if these are larger or smaller.

    (iii) Let p be the probability that a young person fails the test.

    H0 : p = 0.4
    H1 : p ≠ 0.4

    12 young people failed, which is in the upper tail.


    For B(20, 0.4), P(X ≥ 12) = 1 − P( X ≤ 11)
    = 1 − 0.9435
    = 0.0565
    0.0565 > 0.025, so accept H0.
    There is not sufficient evidence to suggests that the proportion of young
    people in this area who failed the test is different from 40%.

    For the lower tail critical region, need the highest value of a such that
    P(X ≤ a) < 0.025.
    From tables, P(X ≤ 3) = 0.0160
    P(X ≤ 4) = 0.0510
    so the highest value of a is 3.

    For the upper tail critical region, need the lowest value of b such that
    P(X ≥ b) < 0.025 ⇒ 1 − P( X ≤ b − 1) < 0.025
    ⇒ P( X ≤ b − 1) > 0.975
    From tables, P(X ≤ 11) = 0.9435
    P(X ≤ 12) = 0.9790
    The lowest value of b – 1 is 12, so the lowest value of b is 13.

    The critical region is X ≤ 3 or X ≥ 13.

    3. (i) Expected number = 30 × 51 = 6

    Let X be the number of packets which contain a voucher.


    P(X = 6) = 30 C 6 ( 51 ) ( 54 )
    6 24

    30! 1 6 4 24
    = (5 ) (5 )
    6!24!
    = 0.179 (3 s.f.)

    © MEI, 04/10/07 2/4


    Statistics 1
    (ii) P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P( X = 0)
    = 1 − ( 54 )
    30

    = 0.999 (3 s.f.)
    This probability is very nearly 1, so it is almost certain that at least one
    packet contains a voucher.

    (iii) Let p be the probability that a packet contains a voucher.

    H0 : p = 1
    5

    H1 : p ≠ 1
    5

    (iv) Let Y be the number of packets containing a voucher.


    Y ~ B(12, 0.2)

    For the lower tail, need the highest possible value of a for which
    P(Y ≤ a) < 0.025.
    From tables, P(Y ≤ 0) = 0.0687
    so the lower tail is empty.

    For the upper tail, need the lowest possible value of b for which
    P(Y ≥ b) < 0.025 ⇒ 1 − P(Y ≤ b − 1) < 0.025
    ⇒ P(Y ≤ b − 1) > 0.975
    From tables, P(Y ≤ 4) = 0.9274
    P(Y ≤ 5) = 0.9806
    The lowest possible value of b – 1 is 5, so the lowest possible value of b
    is 6.

    The critical region is Y ≥ 6.

    Y = 0 which does not lie in the critical region, so accept H0. There is not
    sufficient evidence to suggest that the proportion of packets containing
    vouchers is different from 51 .

    (v) For the lower tail to be non-empty, P(Y = 0) < 0.025


    ⇒ (0.8)n > 0.025
    (0.8)16 = 0.028
    (0.8)17 = 0.023
    so she would need to buy at least 17 packets of crisps.

    4. (i) Let X be the number of lorries with defective tyres


    X ~ B(6, 0.17)

    (A) P(X = 0) = (0.83)6 = 0.327 (3 s.f.)

    © MEI, 04/10/07 3/4


    Statistics 1

    (B) P(X = 2) = 6C 2(0.17)2(0.83)4


    6× 5
    = (0.17)2(0.83)4
    1×2
    = 0.206 (3 s.f.)

    (ii) Let p be the probability that a lorry has defective tyres

    H0 : p = 0.2
    H1 : p < 0.2

    The alternative hypothesis takes this form because we are looking only at
    a possible decrease in the proportion of vehicles with defective tyres.

    (iii) Let Y be the number of vans with defective tyres


    Y ~ B(18, 0.2)
    P(Y ≤ 1) = 0.0991
    Probability > 0.05, so accept H0. There is not sufficient evidence to
    suggest that there has been a reduction in the proportion of defective
    tyres.

    (iv) The critical value is 0, since P(Y = 0) < 0.05.

    (v) For H0 to be rejected, P(Y ≤ 1) must be less than the significance level. So
    the significance level must be above 9.91%. So at the 10% level, H0 would
    be rejected.

    © MEI, 04/10/07 4/4

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