Nursing Leadership

Midterm Examination
1st Sem 2021-2022

Direction: This a Multiple Choice Type of examination, Write/Encode the letter/s with the
corresponding correct answer/s to the answer sheet provided and submit it thru the official email
of the faculty in charge of the subject: [email protected] . This a one hour examination,
a point deduction per minute past due the time of submission will be in effect. Please follow the
instruction carefully. Thank you and Good Luck.

1. Data Privacy Act 2012 or RA ____, is a comprehensive and strict privacy legislation “to
protect the fundamental human right of privacy, of communication while ensuring free
flow of information to promote innovation and growth.”
a. 10173 b. 11058 c. 787 d. 9173
2. Nursing is identified as a profession based on the criteria that a profession must have
the following:
a. A systematic body of knowledge that provides the framework for the profession’s
practice
b. Standardized formal higher education, commitment to providing a service that benefits
individuals and the community
c. Maintenance of a unique role that recognizes autonomy, responsibility and accountability
d. Control of practice responsibility of the profession through standards and a code of
ethics
e. Evidence based practice and commitment to members of the profession through
professional organizations and activities.
f. All

3. Interdisciplinary teamwork is a complex process involving one or two health

professionals with complementary backgrounds and skills.
a. Correct b. Maybe correct c. Definitely Wrong d. I forgot

4. ____ has something to do with making choices that are best for the person, or
community at right times and taking responsibility of the results of such choices.
a. Nursing b. Nursing Profession c. Nursing legal consideration d. Ethics

5. Refers to any and all forms of data which under the Rules of Court and other pertinent
laws constitute privileged communication.
a. Sensitive personal information c. Information protection
b. Privileged information d. Confidential information

6. An interdisciplinary approach relies on health professionals from different disciplines,

along with the ____, working collaboratively as a team.
a. Client b. Primary Physician c. Supervising Nurse d. Facility Administrator

7. The Philippine Nursing Act of 2002. R.A. 9173 was approved into law by Pres. Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo in 21 October 2002,it is otherwise known as RA___
a. 11058 b. 787 c. 7305 d. 9173
8. The most effective teams share responsibilities and promote role interdependence while
respecting individual members' experience and ______.
a. Expertise b. Autonomy. C. Dedication to duty e. Role Fidelity

9. The ICN Code of Ethics elements are the following, except. :

a. Nurses and People c. Nurses and the Profession e. All
b. Nurses and Practice d. Nurses and Co-workers f. None

10. The most common deficiencies in record keeping include, except.

a. An absence of clarity c. Inaccuracies d. Spelling mistakes e. Missing information
b. Record action taken when a problem has been identified.
11. A patient safety event that results in death, permanent harm, or severe temporary harm.
These events are debilitating to both patients and health care providers involved in the
event.
a. Anecdotal Records b. Sentinel Events c. Incident Report d. Kardex

12. Appointed to create privacy knowledge programs and privacy and data policies to
regulate the handling of all types of information and to regularly review the quality of data
protection.
a. Data Protection Office c. Data Protocol Officer
b. Data Protection Officer d. Data Protection Order

13. Concerns with increasing access to health care for diverse populations, health teams
train to intimately understand the needs of patients, but also of local communities and
different ____.
a. Traditions b. Values c. Morality d. Cultures

14. The new Code of Ethics for Nurses for Filipino Nurses was promulgated by the Board of
Nursing under _____Series of 2004 last July 14, 2004. This is after a consultation
meeting done in October 23, 2004 in Iloilo City with the accredited organizations of
registered nurses.
a. Resolution No. 220 b. Resolution No. 210 c. Resolution No. 225 d. Resolution No. 215

15. Effective teams are Characterized by:

a. Respect b. Professionalism c. Trust d. Collaboration e. All

16. A medical information system used by nursing staff as a way to communicate important
information on their patients. It is a quick summary of individual patient needs that is
updated at every shift change
a. Incident Report b. Kardex c. Anecdotal Records d. Sentinel Events

17. Collaboration between hospitals can take place on different dimensions and levels. At
this level which is the most common form of cooperation?
a. Institute to institute b. Department to department c. Individual to Individual d. All

18. The ethical principles that nurses must adhere to are the principles of:
a. Justice c. Nonmaleficence e. Accountability
b. Beneficence d. Fidelity f. Autonomy g. veracity
.
c. In essence, nurses serve as a spokesperson between doctors, patients, and the
hospital. Teamwork and collaboration are critical to this role. This statement is false
 because of the word spokesperson, which of the terms below is the appropriate term to
be used.
a. Advocate b. Link c. Representative d. Bridge

19. _____ refers to joint efforts between various independent teams or groups.
a. Teamwork b. Collaboration c. interdisciplinary approach d. All

20. Teamwork is centered on _______, patients and their families sometimes feel more at
ease and report they accept treatments and feel more satisfied with their health care.
a. Interdisciplinary approach b. Mutual Respect c. Solid communication d. Autonomy

21. _______refers to the efforts within one team to produce the highest quality and most
efficient results.
a. Teamwork b. Collaboration c. Interdisciplinary approach d. Mutual Respect

22. The legal safeguards for nurses working abroad are the following, except.
a. Know your state nurse practice act and its rules and review them on a regular basis.
b. Stay informed by attending board of nursing meetings.
c. Purchase and maintain your own professional liability insurance policy.
d. Remain clinically current in your chosen specialty.
e. To monitor the patient's care and treatment and express all concerns and findings to the
patient's doctor or other healthcare professional.

23. What teamwork and collaborative principles is being describe by this statement: It
provides every team member a focused objective to work toward, which helps create
team unity and provides space for feedback. Without it individuals on a team may have
different outcomes in mind, which can only serve to hinder progress.
a. Assign Roles Within a Team c. Be an Effective Leader
b. Allow for Open Communication d. Establish Team Goals

24. Any delegated activity, registered nurses should:

a. Provide supervision until the team member is competent at undertaking the activity
alone, and then that it is in the patient’s best interests not to have record keeping duties
delegated;
b. Only countersign if they have witnessed the activity or can validate that it took place;
c. Always follow local policies around record keeping, delegation and countersigning.
d.All e. B&C only

25. Torts specific to nursing and nursing practice includes the following::
a. Malpractice b, Negligence c. Violations to patient confidentiality d. All

26. What teamwork and collaborative principles is being describe by this statement: It is
crucial to have an understanding on this within individual teams to achieve greater
collaboration. If it is nit done, team members may duplicate efforts in some areas while
leaving gaps in others. This not only wastes time but could cause patient harm.
a. Handle Conflict Proactively c. Assign Roles Within a Team
b. Allow for Open Communication d. Establish Team Goals

27. Theft of narcotics, theft of patient or institutional property, assisted suicide, criminal
negligence, threatening or inflicting bodily harm, and sexual assault are considered ____
in Nursing.
a. Crimes b. Torts d. Malpractice e. Negligence

28. It is critical in health care settings, not just within the team but across collaborative
departments. If this is not achieved team members can become defensive, foster hidden
agendas, demonstrate a lack of engagement, and worse.
a. Assign Roles Within a Team c. Allow for Open Communication
b. Promote Mutual Respect d. Establish Team Goals

29. In developing team collaboration, asking your team to contribute their visions to the
larger framework you provide. This helps each team member buy into the goal and can
inspire them to be successful. This refers to?
a. Sharing a vision c. Encourage new ideas
b. Create cross-functional work groups. d. Set expectations early

30. If a mistake is found, your actions should be in the ____ and ___ of the patient. An
investigation to understand why this mistake happened should take place and a report
should be created by the nurse responsible for the patient's care
a. Best interests b. Advantage c. Security d. Safety

31.  Another thing I try to do in each weekly team meeting is to spend two minutes going
over the goals and resources available to the team, and let new hires know they are
always welcome to ask questions. This activity refers to?
a. Sharing a vision c. Encourage new ideas
b. Create cross-functional work groups. d. Set expectations early

32. A written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment, sales, or

tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law.
a. Living Will b. Contract c. POLST d. Advance Directive

33. If one team member is artistic outside of the workplace and another team member is
designing a poster for a presentation, they might be able to work well together to
develop a poster design that is highly effective.
a. Create cross-functional work groups c. Encourage new ideas
b. Establish a metrics . d. Set expectations early

34. A written, legal document that spells out medical treatments you would and would not
want to be used to keep you alive, as well as your preferences for other medical
decisions, such as pain management or organ donation.
a. Living Will b. DNR c. POLST d. Advance Directive

35. A key element of teamwork that is essential to avoid untoward events, so all members of
the team need to maintain it by scanning for clues about what is happening. For
example, are any patients deteriorating? Is the workload increasing too quickly in
relation to the available staff? How are staff coping?
a. Communication c. Situational awareness
b. Shared mental models d. Leadership

36. Before your health care team uses your living will to guide medical decisions, ____ must
confirm that you are unable to make your own medical decisions and you are in a
medical condition that is specified by your state law as terminal illness or permanent
unconsciousness.
a. A physician b. A nurse c. 2 Physicians d. 2 Nurses and a Physician

37. If all team members introduce themselves at handover, this makes it easier to approach
colleagues during the shift in case any issues arise. This will also give the team an idea
of everyone’s level of experience. What key element of teamwork being described in the
scenario?
a. Communication c. Situational awareness
b. Shared mental models d. Leadership

38. There are many things to think about when writing a living will. These include the
following,except.
a.  If you want the use of equipment such as dialysis machines or ventilators to help keep
you alive.
b. Do not resuscitate orders
c. If you want fluid or liquid (usually by IV) and/or food (tube feeding into your stomach) if
you couldn't eat or drink.
d. If you want treatment for pain, nausea, or other symptoms, even if you can't make other
decisions
e. If you want to donate your organs or other body tissues after death.
f. You may not end or take back a living will at any time

39. The newly hired satff decline for fear that it may be wrongly perceived. As a result, she is
falling behind with important tasks: observations are late for some patients and two-
hourly turns are not being maintained.
a. Communication c. Shared mental models
b. Mutual support d. Leadership

40. In Living Will, it is important to know that choosing not to have aggressive medical
treatment is different from refusing all medical care. A person can still get treatments
such as antibiotics, food, pain medicines, or other treatments. It is just that the goal of
treatment becomes comfort rather than cure. And that You may end or take back a living
will at any time.
a. Agree b, Disagree c. I’ll think it over d. I’ve read about this

41. It involves ____ to the sender information they have given to you in order to check you
have correctly understood it. This might be when taking over the care of a newly
admitted patient, for example, or at handover of important shift coordination information.
It is a tool and technique in teamwork .
a. Closed Loop communication b. Readback c. Safety huddles d. Debriefs

42. Is a legal document in which you name a person to be a proxy (agent) to make all your
health care decisions if you become unable to do so.
a. Durable power of attorney b. Medical power of attorney c. Living will d. All

43. The environmental, organisational and job factors, and individual characteristics which
influence behaviour at work, this statement defines what tool and technique of
teamwork?
a. Human Factor b. SBARR c. Safety huddles d. Debriefs
44. A ____ form also helps describe your wishes for health care, but it is not an advance
directive. This form has a set of specific medical orders that a seriously ill person can fill
in and ask their health care provider to sign.
a. Living will b. DNR c. Medical power of attorney d. POLST

45. This Program for teamwork creates stronger bonds among the members of a group. The
individual members respect each other and their differences and share common goals
and expectations.
a. Mutual support b. Build Team Relationships after Work. C. Team Building d. All

46. User Manual, Memo and Specifications is an example of?

a. Instructional Business Writing c. Informational Business Writing
b. Persuasive Business Writing d. Transactional Business Writing

47. The following are true to DNR,except.

a. DNR order means that if you stop breathing or your heart stops, nothing will be done to
try to keep you alive.
b. In the hospital, the patient can ask your doctor to add a DNR order to your medical
record
c. Some hospitals require a new DNR order each time you are admitted, so you might
need to ask every time you go into the hospital. DNR order is good while you are in or
out of the hospital
d. The client could ask the health care provider how he/she can get a wallet card, bracelet,
or other DNR documents to keep when you are at home or not in the hospitals.
e. The non-hospital DNR is intended for Emergency Medical Service (EMS) teams.
f. Unless you have a valid and visible DNR order, the EMS teams who answer 911 calls
are required to try to revive and prolong life in every way they can.
g. A non-hospital DNR must be signed by both the patient and the health care provider.

48. The following are true about will, except.

a. It can be made by a person and can be cancelled or modified anytime during his life
period.
b. The words 'last will' in the document states that this is last will and all wills made earlier
stands revoked/cancelled.
c. When a person has made a WILL to distribute his estate upon his death is known as
Testament.
d. None

49. Email and dismissal notice is an example of what type of Business Writing?
a. Transactional Business Writing c. Informational Business Writing
b. Persuasive Business Writing d. Instructional Business Writing

50. To address the shortage of nurse in the Philippines, this action were taken:
a. R.A. 11223 or the Universal Health Care Act
b. The CARES Act has provided funding to train and educate nursing students in areas
with nursing shortages
c. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) funds the Nursing Education
Loan Repayment Program, which helps repay education loans for registered nurses.
d. All

51. Organ and tissue donation can be included in your advance directive
a. True b. False c. Not Sure d. eto na yun eh

52. Is a legal document that expresses a person's (testator) wishes as to how their property
(estate) is to be distributed after their death and as to which person (executor) is to
manage the property until its final distribution.
a. Will b. Testament c. Advance Directive d. Grant

53. It is a purposeful piece of writing that conveys relevant information to the reader in a
clear, concise, and effective manner. It includes client proposals, reports, memos,
emails.
a. Organizational Communication b. Reporting Skills c. Business Writing d. All

54. Proposal, sales email and press release is an example of what type of business writing?
a. Transactional Business Writing c. Informational Business Writing
b. Persuasive Business Writing d. Instructional Business Writing

55. Some hospitals require a new DNR order each time you are admitted, so you might
need to ask every time you go into the hospital The following are roles of nurses in
collaborative care, except.
a. Nurses are the only clinical professionals who are specially trained to understand the
roles of other healthcare providers, this training provides a strong foundation for
successful collaboration.
b.  Effective communication is critical for a collaborative care plan to work; nurses are
trained to have adaptability, empathy, and communication skills, which allows for them to
be excellent leaders and members of a care team.
c.  Nurses’ ability to understand and assess a patient’s clinical, emotional, and social
needs can help them to call upon available resources and create a patient-focused care
plan. As nurses are offering direct patient care around the clock, they have a unique and
focused view of how that care should be provided.
d.  Nurses can be role models in their honest and open communication with team members
about the quality of patient care which is being provided and the work environment.
e. All except a
f. None

56. In Report writing, what essential stage is being describe by this: It is most important that
you need to be confident that you understand the purpose of your report as described in
your report brief or instructions. Consider who the report is for and why it is being written.
Check that you understand all the instructions or requirements, and ask your tutor if
anything is unclear.
a. Understanding the report brief c. Analysing your material
b. Reviewing and redrafting d. Organising your material

57. The Following are true about Durable power of attorney, except.
a. Before a medical power of attorney can be used to guide medical decisions, a person's
physician must certify that the person is unable to make their own medical decisions.
b. If you regain the ability to make your own medical decisions, your proxy (agent) can
continue to make medical decisions on your behalf.
c. If your wishes in a certain situation are not known, your proxy or agent will make a
decision based on what he or she thinks you would want
d. You may also choose to name a back-up person in case your first choice becomes
unable or unwilling to act on your behalf.
58. This is an example of what type of meeting: Can be held if your manager wants input on
a new company policy. During the meeting, you can bring up any feedback you have
about the policy and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of those changes.
a. Problem solving b. Informational c. Consultative d. Board

59. He is responsible for guiding the direction of the meeting and he needs to make sure
that all pertinent issues are discussed. The manager can also assume this
responsibility. What role of an employee is taking during a business meeting?
a. Facilitator b, Scribe c. Time Keeper d. Expert

60. The following are true about Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment or
POLST,except.
a. Addresses your wishes in an emergency, such as whether to use CPR in an emergency,
or whether to go to a hospital in an emergency and be put on a breathing machine if
necessary, or stay where you are and be made comfortable.
b. A POLST form has to be signed by a qualified member of your health care team, such
as your doctor.
c. Emergency personnel, like paramedics and EMTs (Emergency Medical Technicians)
can't use an advance directive, but they can use a POLST form.
d. Without a POLST form, emergency personnel are not obliged to provide every possible
treatment to help keep you alive.

61. Principles for effective business writing are the following:

a. :Align your writing style to your audience d. Write with a clear call to action in mind
b. Tailor your tone to the task at hand e. Analysing your material
c. Maintain consistency

62. What step in preparing yourself for a business meeting being referred to in this
statement: Important decisions need to be made during a meeting with fellow staff
members. One of the most common options for decision-making during a meeting is a
majority vote. With this system in place, everyone in the meeting will be able to express
their opinion.

a. Know the type of meeting you are going to attend.

b. Understand your objectives and meeting attendees.
c. Review and study the agenda.
d. Know the meeting location.
e. Consider potential obstacles.
f. Determine desirable outcomes and actionable follow-up tasks.

63. Refers to any information whether recorded in a material form or not, from which the
identity of an individual is apparent or can be reasonably and directly ascertained by the
entity holding the information, or when put together with other information would directly
and certainly identify an individual.
a. Privileged information b. Personal information c. Confidential information d. None

64. What key qualities required for successful consumer engagement in healthcare is
described by this: Healthcare consumers are more interested in two-way
communication. They are looking for care not limited to just during visits but even before
and after visits. Healthcare providers thus can benefit from being proactive and providing
 ongoing care that encompasses geographical, socio-economic, and health history as
well.
a. Proactivity b. Convenience c. Transparency d. Quality

65. The Magna Carta of Public Health Workers was enacted to ensure that health workers
are properly compensated, thereby helping to promote better delivery of quality health
care service. What Republic Act it is known?
a. 10173 b. 11058 c. 7305 d. 9173
Critical Care: The Role Of Nurses As Patient Advocates

Advocating is about standing up for the rights of your patients and firmly defending them even if you
personally may not agree. Personal feelings or preferences are put aside, since health care is about the
patient and his needs, not caregivers.

Patient advocacy is the process of helping patients understand how they can best function during
various stages of life.

In terms of critical care setting, a critical care nurse is an extraordinarily valuable person for patients
undergoing or recovering from a serious medical event or injury. They are the individuals who are on the
front lines, providing care to critically ill patients. For many reasons, these nurses are often able to have
a better read on what is going on with their patient than anyone else, and this includes recognizing
when the family of the patient needs more support.

Nurses are privileged to have direct access to patients. They have the ability to respectfully evaluate the
patient’s condition, their ability to make decisions, and determine how best to care for them. Because of
this privilege, they can raise concerns about social issues that may be detrimental to the patient. Caring
for patients who are vulnerable is an opportunity for nurses to demonstrate humility and compassion.
They must protect the intrinsic dignity of every human person.

There is more to high quality care than knowing diseases; nurses also act as patient advocates. Nurses

are advocates for their patients in several critical ways. One of the most basic ways that nurses can be
advocates for their patients is ensuring they have the right to make decisions about their own health.
Nurses should take the patient's decisions seriously, even if the patient declines to take certain
medication or refuses a treatment.

The American Nurses Association provides this definition of nursing practice:
"The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alle
viation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of 
individuals, families, communities, and populations." The ANA also addresses the importance of advocac
y in its Code of Ethics, specifically in Provision 3:
"The nurse promotes, advocates for, and protects the rights, health, and safety of the patient." Clearly, a
dvocacy is a key tenet of nursing practice.

How can nurses best be advocates for their patients?
"Advocating is about standing up for the rights of your patients and firmly defending them even if you p
ersonally may not agree. Personal feelings or preferences are put aside, since health care is about the pa
tient and his needs, not caregivers," said a registered nurse employed by a New York City hospital in an a
rticle from NurseZone.

Advocating entails standing up for and strongly protecting your patients' rights, even if you personally
disagree. Because health care is about the patient and his needs, not the providers, personal sentiments
and preferences are set aside. Nurses also act as patient advocates, which is an important part of
providing high-quality treatment. Nurses play an important role in advocating for their patients in a
variety of ways. One of the most fundamental ways that nurses may advocate for their patients is to
ensure that they have the ability to make health-related decisions for themselves. Even if a patient
rejects to take a medicin
The moral responsibilities of beneficence and autonomy, may come into conflict with one another.
Nonetheless, in my opinion, both responsibilities should coexist if medicine is to fulfill its purpose of
healing. Medical professional can support Thus, a medical professional or a nurse, must weigh both his
or her autonomist and welfarist side. Beneficence is the principle that prompts physicians to cite their
moral commitments and personal support for patients beyond just respecting their rights. It is also
beneficence, not just respect for autonomy, that properly protects patients' rights.

To be sure, beneficence can be and has been subverted into paternalism.

But if our task is "proposing revised values" as Callahan asserts,5 then it is

important to focus on the virtue of benevolence (or the principle of beneficence)

rather than on the rule of autonomy. This virtue is consistent with

the ethical tradition of persons united in community. This is a tradition

keeping more with the ethical roots of medicine than one that stresses autonomous

individualism.

51.

Medical professionals can fulfil the the moral responsibilities of beneficence and autonomy by providing
patients kindness and respect for their health decisions at once. the virtue of benevolence (or the
principle of beneficence) can be demonstrated by holding a dying grandmother's hand without family
members the moment before she dies. Moreover, respecting her decision with the DNR order if she
underwent a heart attack. This protects her dignity as a patient and she has kept the ethical tradition in
medicine that that stresses autonomous individualism.

There are 4 principles of informed consent are:

 the patient has the capability to make the decision;

 the medical provider must disclose information on the treatment, test, or procedure in
question, including the expected benefits and risks, and the likelihood (or probability) that the
benefits and risks will occur;
 the patient must comprehend the relevant information;
 the patient must voluntarily grant consent, without coercion or duress.
Patient autonomy is the moral and legal foundation of informed consent. The patient, have the right to
make decisions regarding his own health and medical situations. There are exceptions to the informed
consent rule in specific instances. The typical one is there's an emergency in which rapid medical
attention is required to avoid catastrophic or irreparable injury. Another one, is that someone is unable
of giving or refusing the consent for a test, which is referred to incompetence.

Informed consent is governed by four principles: the patient has the mental capacity to make the
decision, the medical provider must disclose information. This consists the treatment and procedure,
the advantages and the risks, the patient must understand the relevant information, and the patient
give consent voluntarily, that is without force or coercion.

For Documentation purposes, basic procedures like blood tests, X-rays, etc., the consent is implied. For
many invasive tests, you should be given a written consent form and a verbal explanation, both
preferably in your native language.